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\n<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Ch\u00f9a h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u
th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nay v\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nh\u00e0
l\u00e0m n\u01a1i th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span> chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 tr\u00fa tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n
nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. (Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span> c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u1eefng
t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t \u201cVi\u1ec7t\u201d l\u00e0\u2026 ch\u00f9a, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span> hay s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang<\/span> ai c\u1ea3, mu\u1ed1n
ti\u00eau pha th\u1ebf n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ai c\u1ea5m, kh\u00f4ng ai ti\u1ebfc, nh\u01b0: c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9a, c\u00f4ng ch\u00f9a, ti\u1ec1n
ch\u00f9a?…). B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1i t\u00ean Ch\u00f9a thu\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1c \u1ea5y th\u00ec c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ef9 t\u1eeb
g\u1ed1c H\u00e1n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 T\u1ef1<\/span>, Gi\u00e0 lam<\/span> c\u0169ng th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a trong
ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> v\u00ec sao nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3
ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span> th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.
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Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 T\u1ef1 (\u5bfa): Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9ng sau l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh
(trung t\u00e2m<\/span> ng\u1eef) \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> danh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 (\u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1eef) t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t
c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb n\u00eau t\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span>, nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea5n Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> T\u1ef1, Kim Li\u00ean
t\u1ef1<\/span>,
B\u1eedu L\u00e2m<\/span> t\u1ef1, V\u0129nh Nghi\u00eam<\/span> T\u1ef1\u2026 V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u, T\u1ef1 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00f9a. Nh\u01b0ng
trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ec ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00f9a. V\u00ec
Ph\u1eadt
gi\u00e1o<\/span> m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eadp Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, trong khi ch\u1eef H\u00e1n th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3
s\u1edbm h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. T\u1ef1 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u01a1 quan<\/span> l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh
quy\u1ec1n phong ki\u1ebfn<\/span>. S\u00e1ch H\u00e1n th\u01b0 ch\u00fa: Ph\u00e0m ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1edf t\u1ea1i giai v\u1ecb chi t\u1ef1 (n\u00f3i
chung n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ef1). Khang Hy t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> ch\u00fa kh\u00e1
r\u00f5
\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: H\u00e1n d\u0129 Th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng, Quang l\u1ed9c, Hu\u00e2n v\u1ec7 \u00fay, Th\u00e1i b\u1ed9c, \u0110\u00ecnh \u00fay, \u0110\u1ea1i
h\u1ed3ng l\u00f4, T\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, T\u01b0 n\u00f4ng, Thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee7 vi c\u1eedu khanh. H\u1eadu nguy d\u0129 lai danh tuy
nh\u01b0ng c\u1eedu nhi s\u1edf l\u1ecb chi c\u1ee5c v\u1ecb chi T\u1ef1. Nh\u00e2n danh<\/span> C\u1eedu t\u1ef1<\/span> (\u0111\u1eddi H\u00e1n l\u1ea5y Th\u00e1i
th\u01b0\u1eddng, Quang l\u1ed9c, Hu\u00e2n v\u1ec7 \u00fay, Th\u00e1i b\u1ed9c, \u0110\u00ecnh \u00fay, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng l\u00f4, T\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, T\u01b0
n\u00f4ng, Thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0m C\u1eedu khanh. Nguy tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> sau tuy v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 c\u0169 nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c s\u1edf
c\u1ee5c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ef1. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u00ean C\u1eedu t\u1ef1<\/span> [thay cho C\u1eedu Khanh]).
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V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao t\u1eeb T\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf c\u1ee5c c\u1ee5
th\u1ec3<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u1eb3n
sang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00f9a? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u<\/span> m\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong
l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>. H\u00e1n Minh \u0110\u1ebf<\/span> L\u01b0u Trang (25-75) l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean
th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 vua n\u1eb1m m\u1ed9ng<\/span> th\u1ea5y
\u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0ng\u201d bay qua s\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u00e8n sai s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3<\/span> 12 ng\u01b0\u1eddi do Lang Trung Th\u00e1i \u00c2m<\/span>
d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> sang T\u00e2y Tr\u00fac<\/span> c\u1ea7u t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1eadt<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u0103m V\u0129nh B\u00ecnh 7 (64). Ba
n\u0103m sau (67), s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi hai t\u0103ng nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> c\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kinh s\u00e1ch
v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed3 tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng ng\u1ef1a tr\u1eafng. L\u00fac c\u00e1c t\u0103ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f9ng kinh,
t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn kinh \u0111\u00f4, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ecbp ch\u1ed7 \u1edf ri\u00eang n\u00ean cho \u1edf
t\u1ea1m
trong H\u1ed3ng l\u00f4 t\u1ef1<\/span> (m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan<\/span> trong C\u1eedu khanh). Sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 vua m\u1edbi cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>
c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u0103ng nh\u00e2n tu<\/span> t\u1eadp. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac x\u00e2y
d\u1ef1ng<\/span> theo ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu dinh th\u1ef1<\/span> c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd<\/span> t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00f9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y
d\u1ef1ng<\/span>
ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u0169ng theo ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu nh\u00e0 \u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> m\u00e0
ch\u00f9a \u1edf
Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span> khi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> theo h\u01b0\u1edbng Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>, c\u00f3
ki\u1ec3u ch\u00f9a r\u1ea5t ri\u00eang, kh\u00f4ng theo quy chu\u1ea9n m\u00e1i cong th\u00e1p nh\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>
ph\u00e1t nguy\u00ean. Nh\u00e2n v\u00ec kinh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng ng\u1ef1a tr\u1eafng
n\u00ean
\u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean ch\u00f9a l\u00e0 B\u1ea1ch M\u00e3<\/span>. T\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u0103ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1m tr\u00fa khi \u0111\u1ebfn Trung
Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean cho ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a: B\u1ea1ch M\u00e3
T\u1ef1<\/span>, ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>.
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<\/p>\n
Gi\u00e0 lam<\/span> \u4f3d\u85cd: c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u00f3
ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> nh\u01b0 T\u1ef1<\/span> tr\u00ean kia. Gi\u00e0 lam<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng gi\u00e0 lam ma<\/span>
(Sangharama). T\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u0103ng nh\u00e2n \u0111i Ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi
tr\u1edf l\u00ean. T\u0103ng gi\u00e0 lam ma<\/span> \u50e7\u4f3d\u85cd:
l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u0103ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 tu h\u00e0nh<\/span>, sau ch\u1ec9 chung
ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, gi\u00e0 lam<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 T\u1ef1<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng theo t\u00e0i
li\u1ec7u<\/span>
b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee7<\/span> H\u00e0 Nam-hi\u1ec7p bi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> s\u0129 Mai Vi\u00ean \u0110o\u00e0n Tri\u1ec3n
(1854- 1919) trong An Nam phong<\/span> t\u1ee5c s\u00e1ch th\u00ec Gi\u00e0 lam<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u00f9a nh\u1ecf. Nguy\u00ean
v\u0103n nh\u01b0 sau: T\u1ef1 d\u0129 Ph\u1ee5ng ph\u1eadt, x\u00e3 d\u00e2n giai h\u1eefu chi (\u2026). H\u1eefu chung l\u00e2u<\/span>, h\u1eefu c\u1ed5
l\u00e2u<\/span>, quy ch\u1ebf<\/span> \u0111a h\u1eefu h\u1eadu vi\u1ec7n vi T\u0103ng ni<\/span> tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec<\/span> s\u1edf. S\u00f3c v\u1ecdng hi\u1ebfn cung ni\u1ec7m
Ph\u1eadt<\/span> t\u1ee5ng kinh<\/span>. Di\u1ec7c h\u1eefu Ti\u1ec3u t\u1ef1, v\u00f4 T\u0103ng ni<\/span>, h\u1eefu Th\u1ee7<\/span> t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n<\/span>, h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa<\/span>
\u0111\u0103ng cung l\u1ec5, v\u1ecb chi gi\u00e0 lam<\/span>. (Ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, x\u00e3 d\u00e2n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3). C\u00f3
l\u1ea7u
chu\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ea7u tr\u1ed1ng, quy ch\u1ebf<\/span> (th\u1edd t\u1ef1, c\u00fang t\u1ebf) nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u00ecnh, mi\u1ebfu; c\u00f3
t\u0103ng
ni<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e1p m\u1ed9, c\u00f3 h\u1eadu vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m n\u01a1i \u1edf cho tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec<\/span> v\u00e0 T\u0103ng ni<\/span>. Ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m m\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t
c\u00fang c\u00fang hoa qu\u1ea3<\/span> v\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt<\/span> t\u1ee5ng kinh<\/span>. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u00f9a nh\u1ecf (ti\u1ec3u t\u1ef1), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3
t\u0103ng ni<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef ch\u00f9a (Th\u1ee7 t\u1ef1<\/span>, \u00f4ng T\u1ef1) \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, th\u1eafp \u0111\u00e8n l\u1ec5 c\u00fang,
g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e0 lam<\/span>). Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0110o\u00e0n Tri\u1ec3n \u1edf s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean th\u00ec Gi\u00e0 lam<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0
ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 ch\u00f9a. Nh\u01b0ng theo
c\u00e1c
t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e0 lam<\/span>, nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4i
Gi\u00e0 lam- C\u1ed5 t\u1ef1<\/span> \u1edf Ph\u1ee5ng Hi\u1ec7p (H\u1eadu Giang) th\u00ec quy m\u00f4 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea7n
th\u1ec3
ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf ch\u00fat n\u00e0o, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n di\u1ec5m l\u1ec7<\/span>.
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Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00f9a? V\u00ec sao n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd
Ph\u1eadt? \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n ai c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> ch\u00f9a l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi thu\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ec3
t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Ch\u00f9a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a. Ch\u00f9a
l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, ch\u1ed1n linh thi\u00eang<\/span>, thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng hai l\u1ea7n c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt
t\u1eed<\/span> d\u00e2ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> hoa tr\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. L\u1ec5 v\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00fang Ch\u00f9a th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n<\/span>
\u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em l\u00ean t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t, c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf<\/span> lu\u00f4n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o
kh\u00f3<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn: l\u00e0 n\u01a1i
\u0111\u1ec3
ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u san s\u1ebb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f3 t\u1ef1a n\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9<\/span>
quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ch\u00f9a hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>. Truy v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u1eef Ch\u00f9a
kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> m\u00e3 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m. Trong ch\u1eef N\u00f4m, Ch\u00f9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi b\u1eb1ng Tr\u00f9. Ng\u1eef
\u00e2m l\u1ecbch<\/span> s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span>: \/ch\/ l\u00e0 \u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \/tr\/ khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1eef H\u00e1n.
Ch\u00f9a l\u00e0 \u00e2m ti\u1ec1n<\/span> H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Tr\u00f9, n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> ch > tr, nh\u01b0 ch\u00e9n
> tr\u1ea3n, ch\u00e9m > tr\u1ea3m, ch\u1ecdn > tr\u1ea1ch, ch\u00e8o > tr\u1ea1o, ch\u1ea7y > tr\u00ec, chay
> trai, ch\u1ee9a > tr\u1eef… Tr\u00f9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, tr\u00f9
ph\u00f2ng
c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, n\u01a1i \u1ea5m \u00e1p, y\u00ean b\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>. Suy r\u1ed9ng<\/span> ra
x\u00e3
h\u1ed9i<\/span>, n\u01a1i \u1ea5m \u00e1p, y\u00ean b\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a. Ch\u00f9a l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c san
s\u1ebb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u1eabn tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>. \u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/span> t\u1eeb ng\u1eef<\/span> th\u1eadt cao \u0111\u1eb9p
bi\u1ebft bao!
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Trong ti\u1ebfng vi\u1ec7t ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u1eef ch\u00f9a
chi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 chung v\u1ec1
nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng c\u1ea3nh<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. V\u1eady Chi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span> hay l\u00e0
y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> l\u00e1y c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ch\u00f9a? Th\u1ef1c ra<\/span> n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eeb \u00e2m Tri\u1ec1n: ch\u1ed7 \u1edf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n
n\u00f3i chung. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00f9a, Chi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u00e2m ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ec1n H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t.
Nh\u01b0
v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1eafng c\u1ea3nh<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00f3i
chung. Trong \u0111\u00f3, Ch\u00f9a l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> trung t\u00e2m<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 T\u1ef1. C\u00f2n
ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 T\u1ef1 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 S\u00e1t. S\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c
phi\u00ean \u00e2m t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 ch\u00f9a n\u00f3i chung, t\u1eeb H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb nh\u01b0: C\u1ed5
s\u00e1t:
ch\u00f9a c\u1ed5, B\u1ea3o s\u00e1t<\/span> danh s\u01a1n: th\u1eafng c\u1ea3nh<\/span> n\u00fai non c\u00f3 ch\u00f9a\u2026
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<\/p>\n
Qua \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y cha \u00f4ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t
h\u00f3a cao \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u cho ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Tuy l\u00e0 vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n
nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n v\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n<\/span> t\u01b0 duy<\/span> nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi
Vi\u1ec7t.
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<\/p>\n
B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o<\/span> ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> Vi\u1ec7t khi
ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> \u1edf Trung
Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> m\u00e0 khi nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a, nh\u01b0: Ph\u1eadt s\u00e1t<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/span>,
Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt kh\u00e1m<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/span>, T\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng<\/span>, T\u0103ng vi\u1ec7n, T\u0103ng x\u00e1, Thi\u1ec1n
gi\u00e0, Thi\u1ec1n trai<\/span>, Thi\u1ec1n x\u00e1<\/span>, T\u1ef1 m\u00f4n<\/span>, T\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n<\/span>, T\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n\u2026\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span>
l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span>,th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span> v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Ch\u00f9a.
Trong c\u00e1c t\u1eeb tr\u00ean, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u: Ph\u1eadt, T\u0103ng, Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>;
T\u1ef1 l\u00e0
ch\u00f9a \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> sau l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau trong ti\u1ebfng
H\u00e1n. N\u00f3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh danh<\/span> t\u01b0\u1eddng minh h\u01a1n cho ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span>.
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T\u1ed5ng quan l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ch\u00f9a ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1
ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn b\u00f3<\/span> m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1edbi ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> m\u00e0 t\u01b0
t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e3 to\u00e1t l\u00ean v\u1ebb \u1ea5m \u00e1p, th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, mang \u0111\u1eadm t\u01b0 duy<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>
\u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng <\/span><\/p>\n
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