{"id":6747,"date":"2020-11-30T23:01:19","date_gmt":"2020-11-30T16:01:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/11\/30\/nguon-goc-va-y-nghia-cua-chiec-ao-ca-sa\/"},"modified":"2020-11-30T23:01:19","modified_gmt":"2020-11-30T16:01:19","slug":"nguon-goc-va-y-nghia-cua-chiec-ao-ca-sa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/11\/30\/nguon-goc-va-y-nghia-cua-chiec-ao-ca-sa\/","title":{"rendered":"Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o C\u00e0 sa"},"content":{"rendered":"

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G\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef c\u00e0-sa<\/i> l\u00e0 kasaya.<\/i> Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u1eef kasaya<\/i> trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00e1o<\/i> m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u<\/span><\/i>, c\u00e1u c\u1eb7n<\/i> hay h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i<\/i>. S\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1m<\/i> (m\u00e0u nh\u1ea1t), tr\u1ecdc<\/i> hay tr\u01b0\u1ee3c <\/i>(\u0111\u1ee5c, d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n<\/span>, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>, r\u00e1c b\u1ea9n), ho\u1eb7c c\u00f2n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i s\u1eafc<\/span><\/i>, b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh s\u1eafc<\/i>, h\u01b0 n\u00e1t<\/i>, d\u00ednh b\u1ea9n<\/i>\u2026T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> tu Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span>,\u2026t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n<\/span>, th\u00f4 s\u01a1, t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> g\u00ec v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tu<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean<\/span> khi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1eeba n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u tu vi\u1ec7n<\/span> l\u1edbn \u1edf Mi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> th\u1eadt x\u01b0a, theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 \u0111i nh\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ea3i v\u1ee5n, nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m kh\u0103n \u0111\u1eafp hay li\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf<\/span> \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng<\/span>, ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba hay nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c, r\u1ed3i \u0111em v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u1eafp n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 may l\u1ea5y \u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 ba chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, th\u1ebf th\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f4i d\u00e9p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111i ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf<\/span>. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span>, chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd mang m\u00e0u s\u1eafc s\u1eb7c s\u1ee1, k\u1ebft ren hay th\u00eau th\u00f9a. Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u00e8 m\u1eaft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c\u2026 Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span>, chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec cao c\u1ea3, th\u00e2m s\u00e2u<\/span> v\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/span> nh\u1ea5t, v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> th\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f9y theo<\/span> phong th\u1ed5, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span>, h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i\u2026 Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 cho c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1<\/span>, khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u00e2n qu\u00fd v\u00e0 cao c\u1ea3. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> ch\u1ecdn hai th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c Nam t\u00f4ng<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc<\/span> trong B\u1eafc t\u00f4ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> t\u1eeb quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i>, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u1ea1m b\u00e0n xa h\u01a1n<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o \u1ea5y. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Theo Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng<\/span> (Vinaya), T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> \u0103n m\u1eb7c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t g\u00ec v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf vua T\u1ea7n-b\u00e0-sa-la (Bimbisara) \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt xin cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n m\u1eb7c<\/span> kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn ra<\/span>. \u0110\u00fang v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y, Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> th\u00e2n c\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 A-nan-\u0111\u00e0 \u0111ang du h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span>.\u00a0Ph\u1eadt nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng th\u1eeda ru\u1ed9ng l\u00faa h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, chia c\u1eaft b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u00ea t\u0103m t\u1eafp, li\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o A-nan-\u0111\u00e0 c\u1ee9 theo<\/span> m\u1eabu \u1ea5y m\u00e0 may \u00e1o cho T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong kinh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n, chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u00e1t tri\u1ec7t y<\/i> hay \u0110i\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u1edbng y<\/span><\/i>, m\u1ea3nh \u00e1o mang h\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng th\u1eeda ru\u1ed9ng, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00fac h\u1ea1nh<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/i><\/span>Ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa <\/i>l\u00e0 \u0110o\u1ea1n ph\u1ee5c<\/span>, Ph\u00e1p y<\/span>, Nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c kh\u1ea3i<\/span>, Gi\u1ea3i<\/i>tho\u00e1t<\/i> ch\u00e0ng<\/i>, C\u00e0-sa-du\u1ec7<\/i>, Gi\u00e0-sa-d\u00e3<\/i>\u2026, c\u00e1c ch\u1eef n\u00e0y h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> l\u00e0 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf, b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh, \u00f4 u\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n, c\u00f3 m\u00e0u x\u00edch s\u1eafc<\/span> (m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf)\u2026 Theo s\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n, \u00e1o kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i nhu\u1ed9m b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng n\u0103m m\u00e0u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 xanh, v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ecf, tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111en, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pha tr\u1ed9n nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u x\u00edch s\u1eafc<\/span><\/i> th\u1eadt b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u, \u0111\u00fang theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef kasaya<\/i> trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n. \u00c1o g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea3nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i m\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ea3i nh\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u00e2u l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>. Ng\u00e0y nay t\u00f9y theo<\/span> h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span>, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, phong t\u1ee5c, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu\u2026m\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng<\/span> \u0111i, t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch may cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> m\u00e0u s\u1eafc\u00a0: m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> Nam t\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0; c\u00e1c m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, m\u00e0u lam, n\u00e2u, n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf (nhu\u1ed9m b\u1eb1ng v\u1ecf c\u00e2y m\u1ed9c lan, hay c\u1ee7 n\u00e2u) nh\u01b0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span> v\u00e0 Trung qu\u1ed1c<\/span>\u00a0; m\u00e0u lam \u1edf H\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c\u00a0; m\u00e0u \u0111en hay n\u00e2u \u0111en (m\u00e0u tr\u00e0) \u1edf Nh\u1eadt\u00a0; m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng ngh\u1ec7 hay n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf \u1edf T\u00e2y t\u1ea1ng\u2026 N\u00f3i chung c\u00f3 ba m\u00e0u ch\u00ednh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u00e0-sa s\u1eafc tam ch\u1ee7ng<\/span><\/i> (ba m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i><\/span> theo ph\u00e9p quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>)\u00a0: t\u1ee9c m\u00e0u g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111en (m\u00e0u th\u00e2m, m\u00e0u b\u00f9n d\u1ea5t), m\u00e0u xanh (m\u00e0u r\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed3ng), m\u00e0u g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecf (m\u00e0u hoa qu\u1ea3<\/span>). <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ph\u00e1p y<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> ba lo\u1ea1i\u00a0: \u0110\u1ea1i, Trung v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u. Lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf, Ti\u1ec3u y, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 An-\u0111\u00e0-h\u1ed9i<\/i> (Antarvasaka), \u00e1o n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> n\u0103m m\u1ea3nh r\u00e1p l\u1ea1i (ng\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec1u). \u00c1o ki\u1ec3u Trung g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 U\u1ea5t-\u0111a-la-t\u0103ng<\/i> (Yttara-Samgha) g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> b\u1ea9y m\u1ea3nh (th\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span>). \u00c1o ki\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng, \u0110\u1ea1i y<\/span>, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0-l\u00ea<\/i> (Samghati), g\u1ed3m ch\u00edn m\u1ea3nh (c\u1eedu \u0111i\u1ec1u). Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>. T\u00f9y theo<\/span> x\u1ee9 l\u1ea1nh hay n\u00f3ng b\u1ee9c<\/span>, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i gi\u00e1 r\u00e9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c \u00e1o ti\u1ec3u v\u00e0 trung b\u00ean trong, r\u1ed3i m\u1eb7c th\u00eam \u00e1o c\u1eedu \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 che th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafp, \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ecda c\u1ee5<\/span><\/i>. Kinh B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7<\/span> sau khi kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u1ec1, \u0103n xong, Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/span> lau r\u1eeda b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t<\/span>, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 tay x\u1ebfp \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> l\u00e0m t\u1ecda c\u1ee5<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span>. C\u00f3 khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7<\/span> l\u1ea5y \u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau \u0111\u1ec3 Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ed3i.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u00e1n th\u00eam cho n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Kinh Bi hoa<\/i> k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n \u00e1o C\u00e0-sa ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span><\/i> v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c \u1ea5y ra nh\u01b0 sau\u00a0: 1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng<\/span> c\u00e0-sa<\/i> s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tam Th\u1eeba<\/span><\/i> (t\u1ee9c Thanh v\u0103n th\u1eeba<\/span><\/i>, Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c th\u1eeba<\/span><\/i> v\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t th\u1eeba<\/i>), 2. Thi\u00ean long<\/span> nh\u00e2n qu\u1ef7<\/span><\/i> n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft k\u00ednh c\u00e0-sa<\/i> c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eafc Tam th\u1eeba<\/span><\/i>, 3. Qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n b\u1ed1n t\u1ea5c v\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c no \u0111\u1ee7, 4. Ch\u00fang sinh<\/span><\/i>c\u00e0-sa<\/i> s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng T\u1eeb bi<\/span><\/i>, 5. Gi\u1eefa n\u01a1i tr\u1eadn m\u1ea1c, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft cung k\u00ednh<\/span> m\u1ea3nh \u00e1o \u1ea5y c\u0169ng th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n kinh kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 T\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> qu\u00e1n kinh<\/span><\/i> l\u1ea1i n\u00eau l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u00e0-sa th\u1eadp l\u1ee3i<\/span><\/i>\u00a0: 1. Che th\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi th\u1eb9n ng\u01b0\u1ee3ng, 2. Tr\u00e1nh ru\u1ed3i mu\u1ed7i, n\u00f3ng r\u00e9t, 3. Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb<\/span> c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>, 4. Kho ch\u1ee9a ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u<\/span> (t\u1ee9c Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt), 5. Ph\u00e1t sinh ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c<\/span> g\u00ecn gi\u1eef<\/span> gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, 6. M\u00e0u nh\u1ea1t b\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span>, 7. Mang \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, 8. Ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb<\/span> t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/span>, 9. M\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t l\u00e0m n\u1ea9y sinh B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span>, 10. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1o gi\u00e1p, m\u0169i t\u00ean phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ee7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0<\/span> h\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m<\/span> ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o <\/p>\n

\u00a0K\u1ec3 l\u1ec3 d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng qua v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> mu\u1ed1n n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam th\u1eaft<\/span> v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i>. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh th\u1ee9 n\u0103m do Kinh Bi hoa<\/i> k\u1ec3\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0n\u01a1i tr\u1eadn m\u1ea1c, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf\u00a0c\u00e0-sa v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft cung k\u00ednh<\/span> c\u0169ng th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn<\/i>\u00a0\u00bb, \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> l\u1eafm v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. D\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng xin ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> k\u1ec3 th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kinh s\u00e1ch g\u1ed1c H\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t cho chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi hai danh hi\u1ec7u<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u00e0-sa th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb<\/span> danh<\/i>\u00a0: 1. C\u00e0-sa<\/i>, 2. \u0110\u1ea1o ph\u1ee5c<\/span><\/i> (\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span>), 3. Th\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c<\/i> (\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa l\u00e1nh th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>), 4. Ph\u00e1p y<\/span><\/i> (\u00e1o \u0111\u00fang theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> trong \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>), 5. Ly tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c<\/span><\/i> (\u00e1o xa l\u00e1nh l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n<\/span>), 6. Ti\u00eau s\u1ea5u ph\u1ee5c<\/span><\/i> (\u00e1o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb<\/span> phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>), 7. Li\u00ean<\/i> hoa<\/i> ph\u1ee5c<\/i> (\u00e1o nh\u01b0 hoa sen<\/span> kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m b\u00f9n nh\u01a1), 8. Gi\u00e1n s\u1eafc<\/span> ph\u1ee5c<\/i> (\u00e1o \u0111em nhu\u1ed9m c\u1ed1t \u00fd l\u00e0m h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc), 9. T\u1eeb bi<\/span> ph\u1ee5c<\/i> (\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ee9c T\u1eeb bi<\/span>), 10. Ph\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1n<\/span> ph\u1ee5c<\/i> (\u00e1o g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh ru\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00fac h\u1ea1nh<\/span>), 11. Ng\u1ecda c\u1ee5<\/span><\/i> (\u00e1o d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f3t l\u01b0ng khi n\u1eb1m), 12. Phu c\u1ee5<\/span><\/i> (\u00e1o d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ch\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafp). <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> ta h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa trong hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Nam t\u00f4ng<\/span> v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0L\u1ec5 D\u00e2ng y<\/i> c\u1ee7a Nam t\u00f4ng<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i<\/span> l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nam t\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 D\u00e2ng y<\/i> trong d\u1ecbp ki\u1ebft h\u1ea1<\/span><\/i>. Sau th\u1eddi gian<\/span> ba th\u00e1ng an c\u01b0<\/span> <\/i>trong m\u00f9a m\u01b0a l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 ki\u1ebft h\u1ea1<\/span><\/i>. L\u1ec5 ki\u1ebft h\u1ea1<\/span><\/i> \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u<\/span> ng\u00e0y ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> \u1ea9n c\u01b0<\/span>, t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi<\/span> gian kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam t\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t long tr\u1ecdng<\/span> v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 D\u00e2ng y<\/i> hay Kathina<\/i>. Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u1eef kathina<\/i> trong ti\u1ebfng Pali (ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 kathinya<\/i>) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u00e1o<\/i> hay d\u00e2ng y <\/i>m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span><\/i> v\u00e0 trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> Pali ch\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a n\u1eefa l\u00e0 c\u00e1i khung \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i hay c\u0103ng v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 may \u00e1o<\/i>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0Quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> an c\u01b0<\/span> c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/span> n\u0103m t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> cho m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac v\u1ea3i d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9 ba th\u01b0\u1edbc. Theo nghi l\u1ec5<\/span>, c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft may, xong \u00e1o th\u00ec t\u1eb7ng cho t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> n\u00e0o ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t, ho\u1eb7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i<\/span> nh\u1ea5t hay l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u00f3m. Khi may xong, \u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i khung<\/i> (kathina<\/i>) r\u1ed3i m\u1eddi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>. \u00c1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 mahakathina. <\/i>Sau \u0111\u00f3, khung c\u0103ng \u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 trong su\u1ed1t<\/span> th\u1eddi gian<\/span> an c\u01b0<\/span>, ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef khung c\u0103ng \u00e1o nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n v\u00ec l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, l\u1ec5 ki\u1ebft h\u1ea1<\/span><\/i> c\u1ee7a Nam t\u00f4ng<\/span> mang t\u00ean l\u00e0 kathina<\/i> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span> \u0111\u00fang theo ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef n\u00e0y trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Pali.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam th\u1eaft<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m qua th\u1eddi gian<\/span>. Kinh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfng Pali c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f9a an c\u01b0<\/span>, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eebng ba m\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdp nhau c\u00f9ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh X\u00e1-v\u1ec7 (Savatthi) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an c\u01b0<\/span> b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Ph\u1eadt. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn X\u00e1-v\u1ec7 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng may h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p m\u01b0a b\u1ea3o tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean<\/span>, \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, cho n\u00ean khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c X\u00e1-v\u1ec7 th\u00ec qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o r\u00e1ch n\u00e1t t\u1ea3 t\u01a1i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n an c\u01b0<\/span> ba th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>. Khi th\u1ea5y nh\u00f3m t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ec5, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o t\u1ea3 t\u01a1i, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> b\u00e8n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi l\u01b0u gi\u1eef to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c may qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o m\u1edbi, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span>. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sau khi ki\u1ebft h\u1ea1<\/span><\/i> l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c may m\u1eb7c, v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng trong th\u1eddi gian<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> lo vi\u1ec7c may \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i>. Tuy r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y nay, vi\u1ec7c may m\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m<\/span> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng th\u00f3i t\u1ee5c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>, gi\u00fap nhau<\/span> trong vi\u1ec7c may v\u00e1. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>, th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u1ea3i v\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng<\/span> trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nam t\u00f4ng<\/span>. Tuy l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> th\u00eam th\u1eaft<\/span> nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng th\u00eam th\u1eaft<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00eam cho \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u00e0y ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 gi\u00fap m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c tu h\u00e0nh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt trao y b\u00e1t<\/span><\/i> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> uy\u00ean b\u00e1c<\/span>, k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh<\/span> nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ma-ha Ca-di\u1ebfp v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u1ef3-kheo kh\u00e1c sau n\u00e0y n\u00ean nghe theo nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Ca-di\u1ebfp. Th\u1eadt ra khi Ma-ha Ca-di\u1ebfp g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 trao \u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i cho Ma-ha Ca-di\u1ebfp r\u1ed3i. L\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/span> Ph\u1eadt \u0111i t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng-x\u00e1 (Rajagrha) \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Na-lan-\u0111\u00e0, Ma-ha Ca-di\u1ebfp g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> ngay ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>. Ma-ha Ca-di\u1ebfp ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ph\u1eadt c\u1edfi \u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> v\u1edbi Ca-di\u1ebfp v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> ri\u00eang cho Ca-di\u1ebfp. Nh\u1edd th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1m ng\u00e0y sau Ca-di\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3<\/span> La-h\u00e1n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i Ca-di\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u0103n tu tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed1c l\u00f2ng tu t\u1eadp<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt. Kinh s\u00e1ch k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n ng\u00e0i b\u1ecf nh\u00e0<\/span> \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>. Sau n\u00e0y khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t<\/span>, ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i Ca-di\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ee9ng ra t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea7n k\u1ebft t\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Ma-ha Ca-di\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ecd, theo Kinh T\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t A-h\u00e0m, Ma-ha Ca-di\u1ebfp tr\u00e8o l\u00ean hang Th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> \u1edf n\u00fai K\u00ec-x\u00e0-qu\u1eadt (Kukkutapada) kho\u00e1c l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt r\u1ed3i th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> r\u1eb1ng x\u00e1c th\u00e2n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 n\u00e1t cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi n\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c<\/span> hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. Sau l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>, Ma-ha Ca-di\u1ebfp nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span> \u1edf n\u00fai Linh th\u1ee9u, trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u0103ng \u0111\u00e0n, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh hoa \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> xem. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u01a1 ng\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ai hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh<\/span> Ma-ha Ca-di\u1ebfp n\u00e9t m\u1eb7t b\u1eebng t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft<\/span> n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0Ni\u00eam hoa vi ti\u1ebfu<\/span><\/i>\u00a0\u00bb (c\u1ea7m hoa m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/i>), n\u00eau l\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> v\u00e0 cao si\u00eau c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y hay di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n<\/span> nh\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u00e0i Ca-di\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea4n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ng\u00e0i Ma-ha Ca-di\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 sau l\u1ea1i trao y b\u00e1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho A-nan-\u0111\u00e0. T\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea4n cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 28 l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma (~470-543), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m sau khi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t<\/span>. Khi B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma sang truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u1edf Trung qu\u1ed1c<\/span>, ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span> tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. T\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n y b\u00e1t<\/span> ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung hoa cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> (638-713), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b>Y b\u00e1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ng\u00e0i Ho\u1eb1ng Nh\u1eabn<\/span> (601-674), t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span> Trung qu\u1ed1c<\/span>, trao chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> cho ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7-N\u0103ng, v\u00ec Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u xa<\/span> h\u01a1n h\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc<\/span> trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3<\/span> trong t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span>. Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> cao qu\u00fd \u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng khi nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> v\u00e0 uy quy\u1ec1n<\/span> n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi<\/span> s\u1ef1 ganh t\u1ef5<\/span> v\u00e0 tranh ch\u1ea5p<\/span> trong T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i Ho\u1eb1ng Nh\u1eabn<\/span> c\u0169ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, n\u00ean khi trao chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cho Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 y b\u00e1t<\/span> n\u1eefa.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0H\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4ng, Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> kho\u00e1c l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o r\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a trang<\/span>, \u00f4m ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1i b\u1ecdc g\u00f3i chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 t\u1ed5<\/span> Ho\u1eb1ng Nh\u1eabn<\/span>, l\u1ebbn ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u00f9a v\u00e0 c\u1eafm c\u1ed5 \u0111i mi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam. \u0110i su\u1ed1t m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y li\u1ec1n, khi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng n\u00fai \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u<\/span> Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> b\u1ed7ng nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n \u00e0o<\/span> ph\u00eda sau li\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea3nh c\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t v\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang h\u00f2 h\u00e9t \u0111u\u1ed5i theo. D\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 s\u01b0 Hu\u1ec7 Minh<\/span>, m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u v\u00f5 quan \u0111i tu, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 t\u1ed5<\/span>. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n, Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> th\u00ec v\u1eeba m\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1i b\u1ecdc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 r\u1ed3i ng\u1ea9ng c\u1ed5 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u1edbn l\u00ean nh\u01b0 sau\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> cho vi\u1ec7c Ho\u1eb1ng Ph\u00e1p<\/span>. T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n c\u01b0\u1edbp n\u00f3? C\u01b0\u1edbp gi\u1eef chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p<\/span>, ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh hoa ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu<\/span> trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i<\/i>\u00a0\u00bb. N\u00f3i xong Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm<\/span> b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chui v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Hu\u1ec7 Minh<\/span> ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i b\u1ecdc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i>, m\u1eebng qu\u00e1 li\u1ec1n \u00f4m l\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i g\u00f3i l\u1ea1i d\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t<\/span> v\u00e0o t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o g\u1ee1 ra, ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Hu\u1ec7 Minh<\/span> b\u1ed5ng nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>, li\u1ec1n chui v\u00e0o b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm<\/span> t\u00ecm Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n Hu\u1ec7<\/span> N\u0103ng xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd gi\u00e1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau. Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> r\u1eddi Hu\u1ec7 Minh<\/span> v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam. Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4n T\u00e0o kh\u00ea<\/span>, thu\u1ed9c qu\u1eadn Thi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2u, t\u00e1 t\u00fac<\/span> \u1edf ch\u00f9a B\u1ea3o l\u00e2m<\/span>. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng sau, v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 s\u00f9m s\u1ee5p, k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eadp c\u1eeda sau c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9a v\u00e0 h\u00e9t to l\u00ean\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0N\u00e0y Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> s\u1ebd c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n to \u0111\u1ea5y<\/i>\u00a0\u00bb. Trong ch\u00f9a, Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> s\u1ee3 qu\u00e1, \u00f4m b\u1ecdc \u00e1o t\u00f4ng c\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y. Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> ph\u0103ng ph\u0103ng tr\u00e8o l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i g\u1ea7n ch\u00f9a, nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111u\u1ed1c \u0111u\u1ed5i theo, h\u1ecd ch\u1ea1y n\u1ed1i \u0111u\u00f4i nhau, ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ef1c. Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> th\u00ec m\u1ec7t l\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, li\u1ec1n chui v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khe \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n. M\u1ed9t l\u00fac l\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng nghe \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ecbnh g\u00ec, \u00f4ng th\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn ra. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/span> c\u1ea3 ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e1y r\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3n l\u1eeda. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u00f4ng, n\u00ean n\u1ed5i l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i v\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i chui ra.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng d\u1ea7u s\u00f4i l\u1eeda b\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> cho th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i<\/span> b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/span> chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u00d4ng b\u1ed7ng ch\u1ee3t nh\u1edb<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y Hu\u1ec7 Minh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d4ng li\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n m\u1edf c\u00e1i b\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kho\u00e1c l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cao qu\u00fd \u1ea5y r\u1ed3i t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n<\/span> tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1. Sau khi nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n, Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> th\u00e2n x\u00e1c n\u1eb7ng th\u00eam, l\u00fan s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1, c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> h\u00e3i h\u00f9ng<\/span> bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, l\u1eeda t\u1eaft, kh\u1ecfi \u0111en v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i m\u00f9 c\u0169ng tan bi\u1ebfn h\u1ebft. C\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt chung quanh b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00eam \u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1eadt l\u00e2u, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tia s\u00e1ng<\/span> xuy\u00ean v\u00e0o m\u1eaft. \u00d4ng m\u1edf m\u1eaft<\/span> ra th\u00ec m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean cao, c\u00e2y c\u1ecf chung quanh v\u00e0 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y s\u1ea1ch, tro b\u1ee5i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea7y tro nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1<\/span>. Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 n\u01a1i \u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i b\u1ecb l\u00fan s\u00e2u, in d\u1ea5u hai \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i v\u00e0 m\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00fac t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 v\u1ebft v\u1ea1t \u00e1o, v\u1ebft v\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e2u n\u1eefa. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh<\/span> t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3, Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> b\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc<\/span> Zen<\/b>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i xin k\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> trong Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i Zen c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt g\u1ecdi chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> l\u00e0 okesa <\/i>hay kesa,<\/i> ch\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n kesaya.<\/i> Ch\u1eef okesa<\/i> trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mi\u1ebfng v\u1ea3i th\u1eeba v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf<\/span>, d\u00ednh b\u1ea9n hay h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt tu Thi\u1ec1n<\/span> c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o kesa<\/i> l\u00e0\u00a0\u00abFukuden-e<\/i>\u00bb, chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c \u00ab Mu soo <\/i>\u00bb, chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o \u00ab V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> <\/i>\u00bb hay \u00ab Kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> <\/i>\u00bb, t\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00abV\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span><\/i>\u00bb, t\u1ef1 tay kh\u00e2u l\u1ea5y cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c l\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n x\u00e1c \u00ab kh\u00f4ng mang m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u g\u00ec c\u1ea3 <\/i>\u00bb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Thi\u1ec1n<\/span> c\u00f3 ba chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o kesa<\/i>, m\u1ed9t ch\u00edn m\u1ea3nh, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea9y m\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m m\u1ea3nh. Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o n\u0103m m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 rakusu<\/i> d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> v\u00e0 cho c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>, t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1ea1i gia<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i<\/span> t\u00f9y theo<\/span> h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span>, rakusu<\/i> g\u1ed3m n\u0103m m\u1ea3nh v\u1ea3i m\u00e0u n\u00e2u hay m\u00e0u lam, kh\u00e2u r\u00e1p v\u00e0o nhau, c\u00f3 vi\u1ec1n v\u1ea3i chung quanh th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh<\/span> vu\u00f4ng hay ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, sau c\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00e2u th\u00eam m\u1ed9t quai b\u1eb1ng v\u1ea3i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, rakusu<\/i> gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00fai kh\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng, quai d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111eo v\u00e0o c\u1ed5, t\u1ea5m rakusu <\/i>gi\u1ea5u <\/i>v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong \u00e1o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ef1c, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> cho chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i>. M\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m rakusu<\/i> c\u00f3 l\u00f3t th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp l\u1ee5a m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng hay m\u00e0u ng\u00e0. V\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin quy y<\/span> ghi ph\u00e1p danh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00ean m\u1eb7t<\/span> l\u1ee5a, vi\u1ebft th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 hay m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u00e1n<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, r\u1ed3i k\u00fd t\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng tri\u1ec7n l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00eau l\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin quy y<\/span> trong Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span> Zen ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 may t\u1ea5m rakusu<\/i> cho m\u00ecnh, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> Nam t\u00f4ng<\/span> ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 may chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa <\/i>\u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c. T\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng<\/span> trong c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n<\/span> Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc<\/span> t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>.\u00a0N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span>, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1eebng danh, c\u00e1c B\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> ghi t\u00ean v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kho\u00e1 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 may t\u1ea5m rakusu<\/i> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xin quy y<\/span>, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> l\u1eafm. H\u1ecd ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 may t\u1eebng m\u0169i kim, r\u00e1p t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ea3i. Kh\u00e2u h\u1ecfng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u1eb3ng\u2026 h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i th\u00e1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 may l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> trong Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00eau l\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> trong t\u1eebng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9<\/span>, h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> v\u00e0 trong quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i may m\u1eafn<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>, \u0111\u00e0nh an ph\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m rakusu<\/i>, \u0111eo v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea5u trong ng\u1ef1c \u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 che ch\u1edf<\/span> cho t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> h\u1ecd. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111eo v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 th\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea5m rakusu<\/i> l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u kinh. Khi c\u1edfi ra, t\u1ea5m rakusu<\/i> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i th\u1eadt c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/span>, c\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t t\u00fai v\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf, hay g\u00f3i trong m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng v\u1ea3i s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. \u0110\u1ea1o Nguy\u00ean<\/span> (Dogen) n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng : <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00ab \u00c1o m\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng<\/span> d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span> \u2013 nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5m \u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ea5m \u00e1o<\/i> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t sinh<\/span> linh Gi\u00e1c<\/span> Ng\u1ed9, s\u1ebd nh\u1ed5 b\u1ecf t\u1eadn r\u1ec5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 <\/i>\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> n\u00eau l\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> trong Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc<\/span>, thi\u1ec3n ngh\u0129<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng n\u00ean tr\u00edch d\u1eabn th\u00eam nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Nguy\u00ean<\/span> (1200-1253), m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt. \u00d4ng sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> t\u1ea7m \u0110\u1ea1o n\u0103m 1223, th\u1ecd gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00d4ng<\/span> Nh\u01b0 T\u1ecbnh (Tiantong Rujing,1163-1228) thu\u1ed9c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> T\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>. \u00d4ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u1ec1n, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> Nh\u1eadt n\u0103m 1227 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng T\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> tr\u00ean qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Trong t\u1eadp lu\u1eadn n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/i> nh\u00e3n t\u1ea1ng <\/i>(ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt : Shobogenzo), \u0110\u1ea1o Nguy\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span> v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00ab Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span> chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> n\u01a1i chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00fac h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh \u00e1o v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, m\u1ea3nh \u00e1o c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, m\u1ea3nh \u00e1o c\u1ee7a Anuttarak Samnyak Sambodhi<\/i> (ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9<\/span>, ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec so s\u00e1nh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) \u00bb\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong t\u1eadp Ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/i>, <\/i>d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 <\/i>nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy y<\/span> : <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00ab T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdng, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u1ea5y sinh ra v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u0111i trong t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc ; th\u00e2n x\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, sinh ra r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn \u0111i trong t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat m\u1ed9t.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 Th\u1ef1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng do chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa mang \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> cho h\u1ecd th\u00ec v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n (…).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ho\u00e1. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span>. Trong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111ang c\u00f3 c\u01a1 duy\u00ean<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/span> kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa ta c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, xem x\u00e9t<\/span> v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa n\u00e0y.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u01a1 duy\u00ean<\/span> \u1ea5y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> t\u1eadn m\u1eaft, nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> ch\u00ednh Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. C\u01a1 duy\u00ean<\/span> \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> Ph\u1eadt, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt<\/i> \u00bb.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> s\u00e2u xa<\/span> h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b>\u00a0L\u1ea1m b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u1eeba nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa <\/i>qua th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng<\/span> ng\u00e0n n\u0103m su\u1ed1t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Nam t\u00f4ng<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> trong Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> kho\u00e1c l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span>, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0 d\u00e2m<\/span>, s\u00e1t sinh<\/span>, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n si<\/span>, b\u00e1m v\u00edu\u2026 Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o \u1ea5y mang l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c<\/span> cho h\u1ecd, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9<\/span> l\u00f2ng T\u1eeb<\/span> bi, gia t\u0103ng<\/span> th\u00eam tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span>, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u00e0 Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>, nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span> t\u1ea1i gia<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i may m\u1eafn<\/span>, c\u00e1i c\u01a1 duy\u00ean<\/span> t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>, h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1c l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cao qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i v\u00e0 h\u1edf hang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con s\u00e2u, ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y th\u00e2n x\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc phong ba v\u00e0 b\u00e3o t\u00e1p,\u00a0l\u00e0m m\u1ed3i cho nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3m nguy c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao b\u00e2y gi\u1edd\u00a0?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> kho\u00e1c l\u00ean t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i>, m\u1ed9t manh \u00e1o b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u<\/span>, m\u1ed9t manh \u00e1o m\u00e0 ta t\u1ef1 kh\u00e2u l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ea3i v\u1ee5n v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf<\/span> m\u00e0 ta m\u00f3t nh\u1eb7t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au chung quanh ta. M\u1ed9t manh \u00e1o tuy khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> h\u00e3y xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 manh \u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>, ngay th\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span>, r\u1ea1ng ng\u1eddi v\u00e0 cao c\u1ea3. D\u00f9 b\u01b0\u1edbc ra<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o th\u1eadt h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi trang, \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng ta v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n<\/span> b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u<\/span> m\u00e0 ta kho\u00e1c l\u00ean t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu\u00a0k\u00e9m may m\u1eafn<\/span> h\u01a1n, khi ph\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc ra<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o v\u00e1 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n<\/span> tr\u00ean th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5<\/span> m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ng\u1ea9ng \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> cao, v\u00ec b\u00ean trong ta, chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1eadt l\u00e0 r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> kho\u00e1c l\u00ean t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> s\u1ebd che ch\u1edf<\/span> cho ta trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng bon chen, \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng<\/span>, l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>, h\u1eadn th\u00f9<\/span> v\u00e0 hung b\u1ea1o. N\u00f3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng cho ta hung d\u1eef v\u00e0 h\u1eadn th\u00f9<\/span>. Trong l\u00fac b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, khi h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ta ch\u1ec9 x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> qua h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, qua ph\u1ea5n son, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9<\/span>, ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb\u2026, ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u00e2u k\u00edn trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span> h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n m\u1eb7c<\/span> sang tr\u1ecdng<\/span>, ch\u1ea3i chu\u1ed1t, ph\u1ea5n son lo\u00e8 lo\u1eb9t, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span> h\u1ecd tr\u1ea7n tru\u1ed3ng, d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea7y lo \u00e2u<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n<\/span>. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3<\/span>, c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span> h\u1ecd th\u1eadt an vui, k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> v\u00e0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Th\u1ebf gian<\/span> n\u00e0y th\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span> v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, pha tr\u1ed9n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> u m\u00ea<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> ta b\u00e0<\/span><\/i> hay lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span><\/i> g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> ba c\u00f5i<\/span>\u00a0: d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/i>, s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/i> v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/i>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc<\/span> trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ed1ng chung \u0111\u1ee5ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nhau\u00a0trong ba c\u00f5i<\/span> \u1ea5y\u00a0: t\u1eeb s\u00fac sinh<\/span><\/i>, qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3i<\/i>, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/i>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/i> v\u00e0 thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/i>. Do v\u1eady ta h\u00e3y quy\u1ebft l\u00f2ng<\/span> kho\u00e1c l\u00ean t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> ta m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> th\u1eadt tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> chung quanh ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1eadp cho ta c\u1edfi chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 kho\u00e1c l\u00ean th\u00e2n x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng ai \u0111ang tr\u1ea7n tru\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 lau n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 b\u0103ng b\u00f3 v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho nh\u1eefng sinh linh<\/span> b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u1ea5y \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span> chung quanh ta, nh\u1eefng c\u0169ng may m\u1eafn<\/span> thay, th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u1edf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ta \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ta nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i<\/span> l\u00e0m. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span>, chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0 sa<\/span><\/i> trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c r\u00e0o ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> m\u00ea l\u1ea7m<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a ta, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh ki\u00ean c\u1ed1<\/span> mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c<\/span> cho ta. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u1edfi chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> \u1ea5y t\u1eeb t\u00e2m<\/span> th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 kho\u00e1c l\u00ean th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn, bi\u1ebft d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c r\u00e0o ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 x\u00e2y l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/span> s\u1ef1 an vui cho h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Nh\u01b0ng tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y hay kh\u00f4ng\u00a0? Gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9<\/span> l\u00f2ng T\u1eeb<\/span> bi, tuy c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u1eeb bi<\/span> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u00f2n d\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u1eadt d\u00e0i. Ta h\u00e3y th\u1eed ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> l\u1ea1m b\u00e0n xa h\u01a1n<\/span> v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ea1m b\u00e0n xa h\u01a1n<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span> n\u00e0y, xin tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch<\/span> b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt l\u00e0 Suzuki Shosan (1579-1655) nh\u01b0 sau\u00a0: <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00f9ng nhau \u0111i trong m\u01b0a Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00e0-sa \u01b0\u1edbt s\u0169ng<\/span> c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f4i vai.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00d4 k\u00eca, tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u00e0u l\u00e1 sen<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i>\u00a0C\u0169ng xin tr\u00edch th\u00eam ra \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> Ryokan (1758-1831). Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> Ryokan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span> d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng<\/span>, thanh tho\u00e1t<\/span>, s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1<\/span> v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> \u1ea9n d\u1eadt<\/span>. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng<\/span> vi\u1ec7n \u1edf Nh\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm mua v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i. N\u0103m 1790, th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Kokunen r\u00fat lui v\u00e0 giao ph\u00f3<\/span> cho \u00f4ng tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng r\u1eddi b\u1ecf T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>, xa l\u00eca<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o r\u1eebng \u1ea9n c\u01b0<\/span>. Ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc qua m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, tho\u00e1t d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 sau\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Trong c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng xanh m\u01b0\u1edbt,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0L\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc am c\u1ecf c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u1ea1c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0M\u1edbi t\u00ecm ra<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n \u00e0o<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ho\u1ea1 ch\u0103ng th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng<\/span> m\u1edbi nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t g\u00e3 ti\u1ec1u phu.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0M\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea1n con su\u1ed1i ch\u1ea3y,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Tuy th\u1ebf<\/span>, m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m sau khi \u0111i t\u1ea3n b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1, \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u00fap l\u1ec1u c\u1ecf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1ed9m, t\u00ean tr\u1ed9m v\u01a1 s\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1eadt ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng li\u1ec1n c\u1ea7m b\u00fat vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00ean tr\u1ed9m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qu\u00ean<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Khu\u00f4n tr\u0103ng<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0B\u00ean th\u1ec1m c\u1eeda s\u1ed5<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Th\u00f4i th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> h\u00e3y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i>, v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi<\/span>, v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh mang l\u1ea1i an vui cho ta. Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh ki\u00ean c\u1ed1<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u1edbp r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng ? Th\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00f3n tay d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng<\/span>, ng\u00f3n tay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00e8 b\u1eb1ng tre d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 qua s\u00f4ng. Qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edd b\u00ean kia<\/span> th\u00ec ta h\u00e3y b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00f3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 \u0111i. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng<\/span> c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>. N\u1ebfu ta b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i>, v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n hay b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0o ng\u00f3n tay, v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>.\u00a0\u0110\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"blank\"\/

\u00a0T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3, si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ma-ha Ca-di\u1ebfp. T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ma-ha Ca-di\u1ebfp c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3, si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. C\u00e1nh hoa ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>. Trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> T\u1eeb bi<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u00e0 bao dung<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u00e2m linh<\/span> t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>, v\u00e0 trong t\u00e2m linh<\/span> t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 mang s\u1eb5n t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> T\u1eeb bi<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u00e0 bao dung<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span>. Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> l\u00e0m trung gian<\/span> gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0G\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong c\u00e1i b\u00e0n, v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1i b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n g\u1ed7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 m\u1ed9c l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 l\u00e0m ra c\u00e1i b\u00e0n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00e0n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Trong s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sinh. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> th\u00eam th\u1eaft<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> m\u00e0 l\u1ee5c t\u1ed5 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 su\u00fdt ch\u1ebft m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n. M\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> m\u1ed9t T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 sinh ra tham v\u1ecdng<\/span>, ganh t\u1ecb, tranh ch\u1ea5p<\/span>, hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec danh v\u1ecdng<\/span>, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 uy quy\u1ec1n<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gian<\/span> n\u00e0y. C\u0169ng may l\u00e0 ng\u0169 t\u1ed5<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c t\u1ed5<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y m\u00e0 b\u1ecf \u0111i t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 y b\u00e1t<\/span>. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u ng\u00e0y nay, T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> d\u00f2m ng\u00f3<\/span> m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o, v\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 tham d\u1ef1<\/span> nghi l\u1ec5<\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 m\u00e0 qu\u00ean \u0111i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> trong vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>, chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ea3i v\u1ee5n, nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng v\u1ea3i r\u00e1ch b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e2u l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u00e1o. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 che th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m t\u1ecda c\u1ee5<\/span>. Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng th\u1eeda ru\u1ed9ng vu\u00f4ng v\u1eafn<\/span> c\u1ee7a ph\u00fac h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> m\u1ed9t T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>. Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u1ea5m rakusu<\/i> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Thi\u1ec1n<\/span> d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111eo l\u00ean ng\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00eam th\u1eaft<\/span> \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng ? Th\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng th\u00eam th\u1eaft<\/span> \u1ea5y th\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> cho vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp<\/span>, v\u00e0 tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh hoa c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>. Ng\u00f3n tay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00f3n tay \u1ea5y th\u00ec ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>. T\u1eeb l\u00f2ng T\u1eeb<\/span> bi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng hu\u1ea5n thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 n\u1edf ra mu\u00f4n hoa, v\u1ea1n s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1edf ra tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u trang kinh s\u00e1ch. Tuy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> nh\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfc ao \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> th\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>. Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1c l\u00ean th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> soi. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng n\u00ean kho\u00e1c chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o \u1ea5y l\u00ean t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 g\u1ea5p n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u trong gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd che ch\u1edf<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3, nh\u1eefng x\u00fac c\u1ea3m b\u1ea5n lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng<\/span> gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00eam \u0111en.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1eebng b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> v\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ec3 qua s\u00f4ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Thi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 th\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qua s\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> th\u00ec ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng th\u00e1c c\u1ee7a V\u00f4 minh<\/span><\/i>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> c\u0169ng v\u1eady, khi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang l\u1eb7n ng\u1ee5p trong d\u00f2ng th\u00e1c ch\u1ea3y xi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a V\u00f4 minh<\/span><\/i> th\u00ec h\u00e3y c\u1ee9 b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> v\u00e0o n\u00f3. Cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i theo d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n<\/span>, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ta c\u00f3 v\u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e0nh tre gai g\u00f3c<\/span> to b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f3n tay th\u00ec ta c\u0169ng ch\u1edb v\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edd b\u00ean kia<\/span> c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> m\u00e0 v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf<\/span> n\u00f3 \u0111i. Ta h\u00e3y b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y c\u00e0nh tre, gom g\u00f3p th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m b\u00e8, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 th\u1eadt l\u1edbn, v\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111ang l\u1eb7n ng\u1ee5p b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ta m\u00e0 \u00a0<\/strike>v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a v\u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e0nh tre n\u00e0o. V\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> ta h\u00e3y thu nh\u1eb7t<\/span> nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ea3i v\u1ee5n trong c\u00f5i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 may l\u1ea5y cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Xin m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> Ryokan \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y. S\u1ed1ng trong ch\u1ed1n hiu qu\u1ea1nh<\/span> n\u01a1i r\u1eebng n\u00fai hoang vu<\/span>, Ryokan ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3 ngo\u00e0i manh \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa<\/i> tr\u00ean vai v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n tr\u0103ng b\u1ec1n th\u1ec1m c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u00f4ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n dang tay th\u1eadt r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4m l\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. \u00d4ng nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00ab T\u00f4i nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0 sa<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1eadt r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gom l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 qu\u00e0ng l\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111ang \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> trong c\u00f5i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> n\u00e0y\u2026<\/i>\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n

Bures-Sur-Yvette<\/b> (Ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c), 18.04.07<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Hoang Phong<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

Source: thuvienhoasen

<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

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