{"id":6749,"date":"2020-11-30T23:20:36","date_gmt":"2020-11-30T16:20:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/11\/30\/vai-net-ve-thai-do-giao-duc-cua-duc-phat\/"},"modified":"2020-11-30T23:20:36","modified_gmt":"2020-11-30T16:20:36","slug":"vai-net-ve-thai-do-giao-duc-cua-duc-phat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/11\/30\/vai-net-ve-thai-do-giao-duc-cua-duc-phat\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e0i n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"

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R\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o<\/span> d\u1ee5c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn<\/span>.\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra<\/span> con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u1ea5y cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>; ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/span>… Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o<\/span> d\u1ee5c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ti\u1ec1m hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> qua h\u01a1n 25 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p n\u00e0y soi t\u1ecf Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0<\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span>, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> hai chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi sinh ra cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf ba m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh<\/span> ho\u1ea1t gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>, h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>. Thuy\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p (kamma) c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt xem s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 \u00fd. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> nghi\u1ec7p; chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> t\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c<\/span> qua nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. Th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ee7 hai m\u1eb7t<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb khi sinh cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi ch\u1ebft, \u1edf kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00e1i ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> m\u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf<\/span> cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span>, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> r\u1eb1ng trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp thu<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh<\/span> m\u1ecdi l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>, v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>, sinh l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do<\/span> m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf d\u1ea1y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc<\/span> cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eadm tr\u00ed. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ea5y, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng qua n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n. \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf trong T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ea5y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra t\u1eeb l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>: “H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3” (Sable Dhamma Amatta – Dhp. 279) . Do v\u00ec nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p g\u1ed3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>, l\u00e0 h\u1eefu ng\u00e3, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c Ti\u00eau<\/span> Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u1ed1t lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn hai m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span>: \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng<\/span> c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span>, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span>, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>, t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>, sinh l\u00fd<\/span>, \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span>, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111ang tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y<\/span>. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong hai m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t \u1ea5y. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, kinh Sigala (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span> s\u1ed1 31) v\u00e0 kinh Thi\u1ec7n sinh<\/span> (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A H\u00e0m<\/span> s\u1ed1 16) n\u00f3i l\u00ean vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> s\u00e1u m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>: t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao gi\u1eefa cha m\u1eb9<\/span> v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i, gi\u1eefa th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 tr\u00f2, gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, b\u00e0 con<\/span>, l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng, gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u1ee3, gi\u1eefa tu s\u0129<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh T\u0103ng chi, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh<\/span>. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i c\u00e1c (hay m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7) t\u1ed1t c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ed1t 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “th\u1eadp v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eed ph\u00e1p”: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u00d0\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, b\u00e1c \u00e1i<\/span>.
2. Kh\u00f4ng tham \u00e1i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng tham lam<\/span> ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span>.
3. Kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sinh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng say s\u01b0a.
4. Hy sinh<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, s\u1eb3n s\u00e0ng<\/span> t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> m\u1ecdi ti\u1ec7n nghi<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>.
5. Hi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u00f2a \u00e1i.
6. Kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5 trong n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng<\/span>.
7. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 th\u00f9.
8. Nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh<\/span>.
9. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi; \u00d0\u1ec1 cao h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i<\/span> s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.
10. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i<\/span> \u00fd mu\u1ed1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n<\/span>, m\u00e0 thu\u1eadn \u00fd d\u00e2n. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01b0 T\u1eed H\u1ed1ng<\/span> (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span> III s\u1ed1 26) cho r\u1eb1ng ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i<\/span> l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/span>, hung \u00e1c, th\u00f9 h\u1eb1n<\/span>, b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00f4 lu\u00e2n<\/span>. \u00d0\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> \u1ea5y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n<\/span> kinh t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> canh t\u00e1c cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n<\/span>, cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia<\/span>, v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span> cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf<\/span> \u0111\u00e0n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ea9n th\u00ed cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> (T\u0103ng chi IV, tr 220; T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> I, tr 4; Trung b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span> III, kinh Nh\u1eadt D\u1ea1 Hi\u1ec1n Gi\u1ea3<\/span>) m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ee7:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Gi\u1ecfi tay ngh\u1ec1, si\u00eang n\u0103ng, bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span> h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.
- Bi\u1ebft qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh<\/span> chi v\u00e0 thu; gi\u1eef cho s\u1ed5 thu l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ed5 chi.
- Bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i<\/span> h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p<\/span> b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.
- Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.
- Bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi hi\u1ec1n (c\u00f3 th\u00ed, gi\u1edbi, t\u00edn, v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7)
- Bi\u1ebft qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh<\/span> s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfa v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>.
- Bi\u1ebft lo cho \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/span>: t\u00edn, th\u00ed, gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7.
- Bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng ngay trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>: kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfc nu\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 suy t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u1ecb lai<\/span> sai l\u1ec7ch g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n<\/span> s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh Th\u1ea7n<\/span> Tr\u00e1ch Nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> C\u00e1 Nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>. Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ph\u1ea3i l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> Ng\u00e0i, hay ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y: “Ng\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i, v\u00ec Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng” (Dph XX,4) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

-“Ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u01a1i, ai kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a?” (Dph XII,4). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, T\u0103ng chi v\u00e0 Trung b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span> ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n<\/span>, l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p”. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>, th\u00ec nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eefa, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u00fd do<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>, th\u00ec h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span>, v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span> x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed5 thi h\u00e0nh<\/span>, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1n<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ed1t trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c<\/span> Theo C\u0103n C\u01a1<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u00e2m, sinh, v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> gi\u00e1o g\u1ee5c “kh\u1ebf c\u01a1” c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span> nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u1ebf c\u01a1<\/span> t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a<\/span>. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> h\u1ed3 sen c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh sen ch\u01b0a ra kh\u1ecfi b\u00f9n, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh sen \u1edf l\u01b0ng ch\u1eebng<\/span> n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh sen v\u01b0\u01a1n ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp thu<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ecfa ng\u00e1t h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u0103n tr\u00ed b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00f3ng hi\u1ec3u, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eadm hi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 tham, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 s\u00e2n, si, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch t\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 k\u1ebb hi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>… nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span>, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 c\u00e1nh sen v\u01b0\u01a1n ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ti\u1ebfp thu<\/span> gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a<\/span>, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u00f9y theo<\/span> c\u0103n c\u01a1<\/span>, kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>, an l\u1ea1c<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 84000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n<\/span> tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u1eady. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 sau, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> B\u1eafc t\u00f4ng<\/span>, tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> “kh\u1ebf c\u01a1” l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng qua gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> ng\u0169 th\u1eeba<\/span>, tam th\u1eeba<\/span>, nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> “kh\u1ebf c\u01a1” v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>, cung c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> th\u00edch \u1ee9ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghe ph\u00e1p<\/span>, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u qua c\u00e1c kinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ebfn v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u00e1p; \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang S\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebf L\u1ee3i<\/span>, B\u00e0 la M\u00f4n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n cung c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghe, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> c\u00f2n n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7, khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng th\u00eam hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span>. \u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed3m v\u00e0o tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> kh\u1ebf c\u01a1<\/span> \u1ea5y. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u1ebf c\u01a1<\/span>: T\u0103ng, Ni v\u00e0 Nam N\u1eef<\/span> c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span> c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n<\/span> ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u01a1<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh Th\u1ea7n<\/span> Th\u1ef1c Ti\u1ec5n<\/span>, Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc<\/span> kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> “thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1i”, hay tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea9m kinh C\u00e2y Lau (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> I, H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng, t\u1eadp 36.3; \u00d0\u1ea1i 2.260c; Bi\u1ec7t t\u1eadp<\/span> 8.1, \u00d0\u1ea1i 2) d\u1ea1y: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

“Kh\u00f4ng tham vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 qua,<\/i>
Kh\u00f4ng mong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp t\u1edbi,<\/i>
S\u1ed1ng ngay v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>,<\/i>
Do v\u1eady s\u1eafc th\u00f9 di\u1ec7u.<\/i>
Do mong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp t\u1edbi,<\/i>
Do than vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 qua,<\/i>
N\u00ean k\u1ebb ngu h\u00e9o m\u00f2n,\u00a0<\/i>
Nh\u01b0 lau xanh l\u00eca c\u00e0nh.”<\/i> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh “A Nam Nh\u1ea5t d\u1ea1 hi\u1ec1n” (Trung b\u1ed9<\/span> III; H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng: Trung A H\u00e0m<\/span> s\u1ed1 167) ghi: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

“Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> kh\u00f4ng truy t\u00ecm,\u00a0<\/i>
T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng<\/span>,\u00a0<\/i>
Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn,<\/i>
T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn,<\/i>
Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>,\u00a0<\/i>
Tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n<\/span> ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.”<\/i> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c. S\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, hay n\u00f3i<\/span> c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng. S\u1ed1ng ngay v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span>. Than th\u1edf<\/span>, ti\u1ebfc mu\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, hay m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ch\u1ed5 phi th\u1ef1c<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc<\/span> v\u00e0o r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n<\/span> t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111ang l\u00e0 c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea7y ngh\u0129a s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/span> n\u1ebfu m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1i t\u00e2m ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edbng. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> bi\u1ebft t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span> ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn an l\u1ea1c<\/span>, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, th\u00ec nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y, dung s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4 h\u00e9o nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 lau xanh l\u00eca c\u00e0nh. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng h\u00e9o kh\u00f4 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n<\/span>, s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n<\/span> c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb<\/span>, c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u01b0 duy<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd g\u00e2y ra, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span>, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n<\/span>. Quan s\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span> r\u1eb1ng 90% cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> \u1ea5y. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u<\/span>, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba \u00fd<\/span> x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n<\/span> cho m\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u00edt, m\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1ea5y qu\u1ea5y r\u1ea7y<\/span>, phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0<\/span> m\u00ecnh th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u1ee3i m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, “hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i” v\u00e0 “t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y” nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb r\u01a1i ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> ngh\u0129a s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> m\u00e0 ngh\u00ecn thu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sau khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span> (ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span> Ca Chi\u00ean Di\u00ean<\/span>) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e0ng M\u00e0lunkyaputta, trong Trung b\u1ed9<\/span> II (Kinh C\u00f9la M\u00e0lunkyaputtasuttam) v\u00e0 trong kinh Ti\u1ec3u d\u1ee5 (H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng: \u00d0\u1ea1i 1.917) \u0111\u1eb7t 10 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi si\u00eau h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>: Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng? V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng?… Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span> s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span>…. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 im l\u1eb7ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i cho M\u00e0lunkyaputta, nghe c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft<\/span> l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span> ngay, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> ng\u1ecdn ngh\u00e0nh m\u0169i t\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eafn m\u0169i t\u00ean…. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ecbu gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1ed5 m\u0169i t\u00ean kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> si\u00eau h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> kia. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng<\/span> V, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u kinh kh\u00e1c): “Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> bi\u1ebft v\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span> r\u1eebng l\u00e1 sims\u00e0pa, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> th\u00ec \u00edt nh\u01b0 n\u1eafm l\u00e1 trong tay, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb kh\u1ed5”. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec3n. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i<\/span> l\u00e0m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span>, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>, c\u00fang l\u1ec5. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y T\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n<\/span> c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 tha nh\u00e2n<\/span>, v\u00e0 T\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n<\/span> c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp<\/span>: Gi\u1edbi, \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n. (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9<\/span> I; T\u0103ng chi IV, tr 39; T\u0103ng chi II, ph\u1ea9m B\u1ed5n ph\u00e1p). \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span> kh\u00e1c. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh Th\u1ea7n<\/span> Ph\u00ea Ph\u00e1n<\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m kinh ng\u1ea1c<\/span> c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span> s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3<\/span> nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y<\/span> n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi K\u00e0lamas, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang hoang mang tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t, r\u1eb1ng: N\u00e0y c\u00e1c K\u00e0lamas, \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb d\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/span>, hay b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>, hay b\u1edfi tin \u0111\u1ed3n<\/span>, \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb d\u1eabn d\u1eafy b\u1edfi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n<\/span> kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>, hay b\u1edfi lu\u1eadn l\u00fd su\u00f4ng, hay b\u1edfi suy l\u00fd<\/span>, hay b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span> b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i<\/span>, hay b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span> trong l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span>, hay b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u “tu\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra” hay b\u1edfi \u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span>: “\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u00d0\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c K\u00e0lamas, khi n\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, h\u00e3y ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 theo ch\u00fang”. (A.Colombo, 1929, tr.115) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh T\u01b0 S\u00e1t<\/span> (Trung b\u1ed9<\/span> I), \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> xem x\u00e9t<\/span> ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u00e2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n cho tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> ng\u00e0y nay. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh Th\u1ea7n<\/span> H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn Hay Ch\u1ec9 \u00d0\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, c\u00f2n m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Kinh Gonaka Moggal\u00e0na, Trung b\u1ed9<\/span> III, thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i vai tr\u00f2<\/span> l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> ph\u00e1p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> ch\u00fang T\u0103ng<\/span>, n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a Ph\u00e1p, Ph\u00e1p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. Su\u1ed1t ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a<\/span>, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ra l\u1ec7nh hay b\u1eaft \u00e9p ai tu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c Ng\u00e0i. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> “h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn” l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n 25 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 cao th\u00e2n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u gi\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng quan s\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh Th\u1ea7n<\/span> Kh\u00edch L\u1ec7, T\u1ef1 T\u00edn<\/span> V\u00e0 T\u1ef1 Ch\u1ee7<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0nh t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span>, kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng. Ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 \u0111ang c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7. Th\u1eadt l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9 sinh<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> t\u1ef1 t\u00edn<\/span>, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7<\/span> cho h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>. Ch\u1ec9 cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00edn<\/span>, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft<\/span> l\u1eadp t\u1ef1<\/span> t\u00edn cho \u0111\u1eddi. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 t\u00edn<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tin m\u00ecnh th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng. Th\u00e1nh Tu \u00d0\u00e0 Ho\u00e0n (qu\u1ea3 sa m\u00f4n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> b\u1ea5t th\u1ed1i<\/span> v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng<\/span> Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> l\u1ea1i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> A La H\u00e1n<\/span> gi\u1eefa T\u0103ng ch\u00fang<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> nh\u1ecf tu\u1ed5i, tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span>, t\u1ef1 t\u00edn<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> cho h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean. B\u1edfi thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 t\u00edn<\/span> th\u00ec s\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7<\/span>, sinh \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i<\/span>, h\u1ecdc sinh<\/span> s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span> c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>, c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d0i v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u00f9ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7<\/span> tr\u1ebb thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 tin, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh Th\u1ea7n<\/span> \u00d0\u1ed9c L\u1eadp, Gi\u1ea3i Tr\u1eeb<\/span> N\u00f4 L\u1ec7<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>, m\u1ecdi \u00e1ch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7<\/span>, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> s\u1ef1 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7<\/span> cho ch\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> “B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh” \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi tham, s\u00e2n, si, \u0111i t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7<\/span>. M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7<\/span> l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1eadp v\u1ee1 m\u1ecdi \u00e1ch tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span> b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y nay c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> tham, s\u00e2n, si c\u00f2n mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span> kh\u00e1c: v\u00f4 tham<\/span> s\u1ebd d\u1eadp t\u1eaft<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> tham nh\u0169ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n<\/span> s\u1ebd d\u1eadp t\u1eaft<\/span> c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n<\/span>, d\u1eadp t\u1eaft<\/span> chi\u1ebfn tranh (b\u1edfi g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 tham lam<\/span>, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>), v\u00f4 si<\/span> s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> h\u00e1 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> sao? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh Th\u1ea7n<\/span> Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c<\/span> Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> To\u00e0n Di\u1ec7n<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u1ea5y. Theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span>, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n<\/span> (v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>)- s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span> (v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>), th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n<\/span> (t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>). \u1ede m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>, an l\u1ea1c<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> ngay tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>. \u00d0\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed d\u1ee5c<\/span>, \u0111\u1ee9c d\u1ee5c<\/span>, th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c<\/span>, m\u1ef9 d\u1ee5c, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m sinh l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn. G\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au s\u00e2u xa<\/span> nh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c<\/span> s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 do ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span> ng\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> v\u00e0 tham \u00e1i<\/span> c\u00e1c ng\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. \u00d0\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1eadt tung g\u1ed1c kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u1ea5y, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> trao truy\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Qua nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> \u1ea5y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qua c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn duy\u00ean sinh<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span>: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1.- Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span>:<\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy<\/span> ng\u00e3 t\u00ednh<\/span>, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/span>, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a tham \u00e1i<\/span>, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span> d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> n\u00f3i gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy<\/span>, ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span> n\u00f3i g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 tham<\/span>, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> ph\u1ea3i v\u1eeba cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> \u1ea5y. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2.- Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/span> l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span> lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>:<\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>, th\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/span> nh\u1ea5t. Lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> hay k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n danh<\/span> lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> hay k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3.- Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, sinh l\u00fd<\/span>:<\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc<\/span> v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, sinh l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u1ed1t cho tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb<\/span>. \u00d0\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u1eb9 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc<\/span> n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4.- Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c<\/span>:<\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/span> s\u1eafc th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c<\/span>, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e9t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span>. M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng k\u00fd \u1ee9c. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

5.- Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>:<\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t sau con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. C\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> m\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7<\/span> th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> th\u00ec lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span>. \u00d0\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1i c\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc con tr\u00e2u”. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y: “\u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb d\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1edfi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng”. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh Th\u1ea7n<\/span> Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c<\/span> Thi\u1ec1n \u00d0\u1ecbnh<\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7t bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, d\u1ea1y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7<\/span>, t\u1ef1 tri, t\u1ef1 t\u00edn<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>, d\u1ea1y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> c\u00e1c t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/span> th\u00e0nh t\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ef1c, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> c\u00e1c t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> bi quan<\/span> th\u00e0nh l\u1ea1c quan<\/span>, d\u1ea1y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n k\u00fd \u1ee9c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp thu<\/span> ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng… <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc vua A D\u1ee5c<\/span> (Asoka) \u1edf A\u00e1n \u00d0\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span> \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc A\u00e1n \u00d0\u1ed9 c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh<\/span> (theo “Bia k\u00fd c\u1ee7a vua A D\u1ee5c”, Jules Bloels, Paris, 1950). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span> ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> hi\u1ec3n h\u00e1ch<\/span> c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 s\u1edf, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/span> (qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span>, kinh t\u1ebf) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> s\u1ed1 trang c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, b\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i xa th\u00eam n\u1eefa v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u00f4 ch\u1ea5p, tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> t\u00f9y duy\u00ean b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/span>, tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> “l\u1ee5c h\u00f2a”, tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> “t\u1ee9 nhi\u1ebfp”… nh\u1eefng tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> sau ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh Th\u1ea7n<\/span> Gi\u1ea3ng D\u1ea1y N\u00eau V\u00ed D\u1ee5 C\u1ee5 Th\u1ec3<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o<\/span> d\u1ea1y gi\u1ecfi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00e9o l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecdc sinh<\/span> hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>. M\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t th\u00ec ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba \u00e1ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc “kh\u1ebf l\u00fd”, “kh\u1ebf c\u01a1” v\u1eeba kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> v\u00ed gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 \u0111\u1ec3 qua s\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 mang tr\u00ean vai (Nik\u00e0ya, A H\u00e0m<\/span> v\u00e0 Kim Cang<\/span>); hay h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ng\u00f3n tay ch\u1ec9 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n, ho\u1eb7c r\u1eddi ng\u00f3n tay \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng<\/span> v\u1eady. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, “Nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb l\u00e0 v\u1ecb m\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au”. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00f4n kinh<\/span> nh\u01b0 “kinh v\u00ed d\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfc l\u01b0\u1edbi” (Ph\u1ea1m V\u00f5ng<\/span>), “kinh v\u00ed d\u1ee5 con r\u1eafn” (x\u00e0 d\u1ee5), “kinh kh\u00fac g\u1ed7”, “kinh b\u00e1nh m\u1eadt”, “kinh g\u00f2 m\u1ed1i”, “kinh Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng” “kinh Ph\u00e1p hoa”, “kinh \u00d0\u1ecba t\u1ea1ng”…. N\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/span> h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> v\u00ed d\u1ee5. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 \u0111ang b\u1ecb tr\u00f4i l\u1ec1nh b\u1ec1nh<\/span> tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> \u0111ang \u0111i theo<\/span> Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y, n\u1ebfu kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 m\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea5p v\u00e0o b\u00e3i b\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc xo\u00e1y, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay phi nh\u01a1n<\/span> nh\u1eb7t th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 s\u1ebd \u0111i th\u1eb3ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu s\u0129<\/span> kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span> (ch\u1ec9 kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t<\/span>), kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafm c\u00e1c c\u0103n tr\u1ea7n<\/span> (ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5p v\u00e0o hai b\u1edd), kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n<\/span> ki\u00eau c\u0103ng<\/span> (ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 m\u1eafc v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc xo\u00e1y), kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u sinh<\/span> thi\u00ean (ch\u1ec9 phi nh\u01a1n<\/span> nh\u1eb7t) th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> s\u1ebd \u0111i th\u1eb3ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span>, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5<\/span> \u0111au (theo T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng<\/span> IV, Ph\u1ea9m R\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span>) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n b\u00f2 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nan \u00d0\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nghe l\u00f3m<\/span>. Nan \u00d0\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> li\u1ec1n b\u1ea1ch: “Con s\u1ebd l\u00e0 tu s\u0129<\/span> nh\u01b0 kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t<\/span> tr\u00f4i th\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n. Xin Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> cho con xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>, th\u1ecd \u00d0\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi”. Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt<\/span>, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> th\u00ec Nan \u00d0\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc A La H\u00e1n qu\u1ea3<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u00ec d\u1ee5 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00e8m theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tham d\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a tham d\u1ee5c<\/span>, khi th\u00ec Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> d\u1ea1y, “nh\u01b0 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u1ee5ng l\u1ee3p, m\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng<\/span> tu tham d\u1ee5c<\/span> d\u1ec5 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp” (Dhp.13) r\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb<\/span> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n<\/span>. C\u00f3 khi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> thi v\u1ecb h\u01a1n, khi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7u, ch\u00e1n n\u00e3n<\/span> \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

“Ai s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y,<\/i>
A\u00f9i d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c<\/span>,\u00a0<\/i>
S\u1ea7u r\u01a1i kh\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y,\u00a0<\/i>
Nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u01a1i l\u00e1 sen<\/span><\/i>” (Dhp.336) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 khi l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u1eeba thi v\u1ecb, v\u1eeba tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u1eeba r\u1ea5t g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span>, m\u1eaft l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ai v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5y v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc xo\u00e1y, s\u00f3ng l\u1edbn…..th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd b\u00ean kia<\/span> (Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span>)” (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng<\/span> IV, Ph\u1ea9m Bi\u1ec3n). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c<\/span>, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> d\u1ea1y: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y….., b\u1ecb b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y b\u1edfi c\u00e1i g\u00ec? – b\u1edfi l\u1eeda tham, s\u00e2n, si, sinh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft, s\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o” (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng<\/span> IV, Ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa<\/span> th\u00ec v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tam gi\u1edbi<\/span> nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 l\u1eeda; h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> “c\u00f9ng t\u1eed” l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/span> th\u00e2n ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>; h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u01a1n m\u01b0a ph\u00e1p (trong “D\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o d\u1ee5”) r\u1ea5t s\u1ed1ng…. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o<\/span> d\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n<\/span>, r\u1ea5t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> qua c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng trong su\u1ed1t<\/span> 45 n\u0103m gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> r\u1ea5t m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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