{"id":6767,"date":"2020-11-30T23:31:03","date_gmt":"2020-11-30T16:31:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/11\/30\/tam-y-thuc\/"},"modified":"2020-11-30T23:31:03","modified_gmt":"2020-11-30T16:31:03","slug":"tam-y-thuc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/11\/30\/tam-y-thuc\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e2m \u00dd Th\u1ee9c"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u T\u00e2m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n, T\u00e2m l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim. T\u1eeb c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a t\u00e2m<\/span> l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim, r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi suy di\u1ec5n<\/span> ra t\u00e2m l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng, cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng suy ngh\u0129<\/span>. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTam \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 tinh<\/span> t\u01b0\u1ee3ng,<\/span><\/i> <\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0nh c\u00e2u t\u1ee3 nguy\u1ec7t t\u00e0.<\/span><\/i> <\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Phi mao t\u00f9ng th\u1eed \u0111\u1eafc,<\/span><\/i> <\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ed1 Ph\u1eadt d\u00e3 do tha\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y v\u00ed von c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t hay. Ch\u1eef T\u00e2m <\/span>\u5fc3<\/span> trong ch\u1eef H\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 ba ch\u1ea5m nh\u01b0 ba ng\u00f4i sao (Tam \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 tinh<\/span> t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/i>), c\u00f2n m\u00f3c c\u00e2u n\u1eb1m ngang nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng nghi\u00eang (Ho\u00e0nh c\u00e2u t\u1ee3 nguy\u1ec7t t\u00e0<\/i>). Phi mao t\u00f9ng th\u1eed \u0111\u1eafc, t\u1ed1 Ph\u1eadt d\u00e3 do tha<\/i>: Mang l\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9i s\u1eebng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0m th\u00e2n tr\u00e2u, ng\u1ef1a\u2026 l\u00e0 do t\u00e2m n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng t\u1eeb n\u00f3. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u00e2m<\/span> x\u00e9t theo ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. Theo ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n, t\u00e2m (citta<\/i>) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y trong kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam<\/span><\/i>, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 (quy\u1ec3n 6): t\u00edch t\u1eadp danh t\u00e2m <\/span>\u7a4d\u96c6\u540d\u5fc3<\/span>. N\u00f3 do g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb l\u00e0 CI (cinoti<\/i>): t\u00edch ch\u1ee9a, t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span>, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span>, tri nh\u1eadn, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> trong thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>. Ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 do g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb cit<\/i> hay cint<\/i> (cintayati<\/i>): t\u01b0 duy<\/span>, suy t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. T\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u01b0 duy<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i t\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00edch t\u1eadp: t\u00edch t\u1eadp g\u00ec? M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> hay nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span>. V\u1eady t\u00e2m l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i, b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>, t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m<\/span>. N\u1ebfu di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> ra trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, t\u1eeb khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft suy ngh\u0129<\/span>, bi\u1ebft h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ghi nh\u1edb, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi ch\u1ebft; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ghi nh\u1edb trong \u00f3c n\u00e3o c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ghi nh\u1edb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u00e1c t\u00f9y theo<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ta n\u00f3i t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i t\u1edbi lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/span> n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u1ea5t \u0111i trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. Kinh n\u00f3i: b\u1ea5t sanh<\/span> b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t<\/span>, b\u1ea5t t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m<\/span><\/i>. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng sanh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> m\u1edbi m\u1ebb c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u0111i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>. Ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 g\u1ea1o bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u01a1m, c\u01a1m bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span> nh\u1eefng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t trong d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, ti\u00eau h\u00f3a<\/span>, r\u1ed3i th\u1ea3i ra, th\u00e0nh da, m\u00e1u th\u1ecbt,\u2026 khi ch\u1ebft, da m\u00e1u th\u1ecbt n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span> ph\u00e2n tro, ph\u00e2n tro n\u00e0y \u0111em b\u00f3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00e2y tr\u00e1i, rau c\u1ecf\u2026, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1eadt, theo m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sanh di\u1ec7t<\/span>, s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft<\/span> n\u1eefa n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, th\u00e2n n\u00e0y ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span> ph\u00e2n tro, \u0111\u1ea5t\u2026, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u00e1u th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec sanh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e1i<\/span>. T\u00e2m c\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00f3 t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i n\u0103ng, suy ngh\u0129<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t; m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1eeb<\/span> m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c. Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch ch\u1ee9a trong kho ch\u1ee9a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u; h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span>, theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> t\u1eeb t\u00e2m<\/span>. Kho ch\u1ee9a \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m im l\u00ecm b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, v\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> trong n\u00f3, m\u00e0 Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span> (h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span>, t\u1ee9c h\u1ea1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>; c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span> hay c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng<\/span> sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, t\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng<\/span> hay n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh<\/span> nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span> m\u00e0 ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n, t\u00e2m, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>), nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span> n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> sanh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t trong t\u1eebng s\u00e1t- na, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh<\/span> \u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng th\u00e1c ch\u1ea3y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>. Kinh n\u00f3i: Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span> ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span> nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9c l\u01b0u<\/span><\/i>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u, do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> gi\u1eefa trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng mang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ec7n<\/span> hay \u00e1c g\u00ec. Nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n n\u00f3 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n hay kh\u1ea9u b\u1ecb nhu\u1ed1m m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>. H\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u1ea5y hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp<\/span> tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u00e2m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u00e2m v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch<\/span> l\u0169y nghi\u1ec7p. Theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ta hi\u1ec3u c\u00e2u kinh sau \u0111\u00e2y: \u201cTam gi\u1edbi duy t\u00e2m\u201d<\/i>, ba c\u00f5i<\/span> duy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m. \u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u1ea5y c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>: \u201cCh\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p\u201d<\/i> t\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh<\/span> t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u, th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec, c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <\/span><\/span>t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> b\u1edfi t\u00e2m, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng trong t\u00e2m. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, t\u00e2m c\u00f3 ba t\u1ea7ng. T\u1ea7ng trong c\u00f9ng, ta h\u00e3y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1y; th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn, t\u1ea7ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan<\/span>. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc, nghe ti\u1ebfng, n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span>, t\u01b0 duy<\/span>; ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> qua nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a, tuy r\u1eb1ng g\u1ecdi t\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00edch t\u1eadp, n\u00f3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span>, n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ba t\u1ea7ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 t\u00e2m-\u00fd-th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0 trong kinh Trung A-h\u00e0m (kinh s\u1ed1 17), Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u00e2m-\u00fd-th\u1ee9c lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp<\/span> b\u1edfi t\u00edn, tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span>, \u0111a v\u0103n<\/span>, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> th\u00e1c sinh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u00ean, sinh v\u00e0o thi\u1ec7n x\u1ee9\u2026\u201d; ho\u1eb7c T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m (kinh s\u1ed1 289): \u201cT\u00e2m-\u00fd-th\u1ee9c, trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam, t\u1eebng th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc<\/span>, tho\u00e1ng ch\u1ed1c sinh, tho\u00e1ng ch\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng\u2026\u201d; ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam<\/span> (Ph\u1eadt-\u0111\u00e0-b\u1ea1t-\u0111\u00e0-la, quy\u1ec3n 23): \u201cC\u00e1c d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ee5c, h\u1eefu, ki\u1ebfn, v\u00f4 minh<\/span>, ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> ch\u1ea3y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>, l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m-\u00fd-th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t ba c\u00f5i\u2026\u201d Lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 (quy\u1ec3n 4) n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u00f3 t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi<\/span> n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m. N\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy<\/span> tr\u00f9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00fd. N\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c\u2026 T\u00e2m, \u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, ba t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m. Ngh\u0129a tuy kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t.\u201d <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1y, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9<\/span> Nam ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c H\u1eefu ph\u1ea7n<\/span> hay H\u1eefu chi (bhava<\/span>\u1e45<\/span>ga)<\/span>; c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Du-gi\u00e0 h\u00e0nh hay Duy th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn<\/span>, g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-da (\u0101laya) hay th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span>. Duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 do quan s\u00e1t<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean<\/span>, c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>, c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m. Khi nh\u00ecn c\u00e2y, l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng l\u00e1 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec k\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft d\u00ednh l\u1ea1i. V\u1eady, l\u00e1 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 lay \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> do b\u1edfi<\/span> m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. L\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3, trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00f3i chung, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 t\u00e2m, t\u1ee9c kho ch\u1ee9a t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span> n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sau m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span> n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> hay n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u1ea5y bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n<\/span>, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e1i<\/span> th\u00e0nh th\u00e2n<\/span>, t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>; ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec<\/span> do l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span> theo quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 c\u00e2y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 c\u00e2y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e2m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u<\/span> l\u1ea7n; ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 duy t\u00e2m<\/span>, l\u00e0 do t\u00e2m. T\u00e2m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m bi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u01b0 ng\u00f3n tay, s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c\u2026 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec n\u00f3 r\u00e3 ra, cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 l\u1ea5y keo d\u00e1n n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 khi ch\u1ebft ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. V\u1eady khi n\u00e0o r\u00e3 ra v\u00e0 sau khi r\u00e3 ra th\u00ec n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u00e0nh b\u1ee5i\u2026 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng qua tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span>, c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb: t\u00e2m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch<\/span> t\u1eadp, t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>. M\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn qua nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span>, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span> m\u00e0 n\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, duy tr\u00ec<\/span> m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng n\u1eefa, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kho ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng n\u1eefa, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kho ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p? N\u00ean bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 hai, g\u1ecdi t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00fd. T\u00e2m, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1eadp; c\u00f2n \u00fd th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3i v\u1eafn t\u1eaft<\/span>, \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>. T\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy<\/span>, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u2026 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>, n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 suy l\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eafn \u0111o<\/span> \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span>, v.v., g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng n\u00ean h\u01a1i m\u01a1 h\u1ed3<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Thu g\u1ecdn<\/span> l\u1ea1i, t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00f4i.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh<\/span> \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>, v\u00ec bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00f4i: T\u00f4i \u0111i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee9ng, t\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i\u2026 T\u1eeb c\u00e1i t\u00e2m t\u00edch<\/span> l\u0169y n\u00e0y, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng n\u1eefa, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 l\u1ed9 l\u00ean m\u1eb7t<\/span> bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i (ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3) ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3<\/span>. Trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 hay t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> n\u1eb1m trong th\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3 l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t<\/span>. L\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i th\u00e2n cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu v\u1eeba b\u1ee9t m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c, v\u1eeba ch\u00edch kim d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> \u0111au c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. C\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 do c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>. Khi h\u1ed3n l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi x\u00e1c, x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft<\/span> n\u1eb1m tr\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft g\u00ec. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t<\/span>, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong th\u00e2n c\u00f3 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c th\u1eadt nhanh. C\u1ea3 hai n\u01a1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng \u0111au m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t nhanh. Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd sang t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span> h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 hai t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 do quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> xe m\u00e0 c\u00e1i khoanh tr\u00f2n kia<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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G\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, v\u00ec n\u00f3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c: m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00fd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1c quan<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt. T\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. T\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 hai trung gian<\/span>, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00fd, hay l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, v\u00ec nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00f4i. T\u1ea7ng trong c\u00f9ng, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m, m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec<\/span> m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. Hai t\u1ea7ng sau n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c si\u00eau nghi\u1ec7m, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng kinh<\/span> nghi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1c quan<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt. Ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> ch\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c t\u1ea7ng ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> ra hai t\u1ea7ng kia. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft<\/span> m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y hay m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3a hoa, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3a hoa xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong con m\u1eaft r\u1ed3i c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft qua con m\u1eaft th\u00ec c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c<\/span>, c\u00f2n nghe nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh<\/span> tr\u1ea7m b\u1ed7ng \u0111\u00f4, r\u00ea, mi, fa\u2026 m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u00e2m thanh<\/span> n\u00e0y cao th\u1ea5p, hay d\u1ee1 th\u00ec c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft qua l\u1ed7 tai n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c<\/span>. C\u00f2n c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft trong c\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1nh Nam d\u1eb9p B\u1eafc, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vua L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n<\/span> sang T\u00e0u, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft. C\u00e1i bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>; \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y do t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch v\u1edf g\u1ee3i l\u00ean hay do kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i. C\u00e1i bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng do m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y tai nghe m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 r\u00e1p n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c b\u00ean trong, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qua c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con m\u1eaft, c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 tai, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ghi d\u1ea5u trong t\u00e2m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> l\u1ea1i, r\u1ed3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 r\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00fd. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u00e0nh ra, c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span>; t\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> c\u00e1i t\u00e2m, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan<\/span> r\u00e1p n\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m<\/span> x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e1p n\u1ed1i c\u00e1i n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1i kia. Con b\u00f2 r\u00e1p n\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> theo ki\u1ec3u n\u00f3; con chu\u1ed9t r\u00e1p n\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> theo c\u00e1i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i; m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1eaft tai m\u0169i l\u01b0\u1ee1i gi\u1ed1ng nhau nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 r\u00e1p n\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Ta h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh. C\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua b\u00e0n ph\u00edm v\u00e0 con chu\u1ed9t l\u00e0 s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng<\/span> t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch ch\u1ee9a trong kho ch\u1ee9a th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m (th\u1ee9c a-l\u1ea1i-da). T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trung t\u00e2m<\/span> x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd xu\u1ea5t. Trung t\u00e2m<\/span> x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng th\u00f4ng qua b\u00e0n ph\u00edm v\u00e0 con chu\u1ed9t l\u00e0 s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 cho ra tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ta h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi th\u00eam l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa: th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>, l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span>. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con m\u1eaft: ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c<\/span>; thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i \u0111ang nh\u00ecn\/ hay \u0111ang th\u1ea5y\u201d th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00f4i \u0111ang ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y. Song, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y, bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec. Con m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y, t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y hay bi\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch<\/span> h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>: th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao b\u00e9n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 hay c\u00e1i t\u00f4i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u00eam b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i t\u00f4i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng do th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, r\u1ed3i suy lu\u1eadn<\/span> ra c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c \u0111ang th\u1ea5y, \u0111ang bi\u1ebft; t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> b\u1edfi th\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta suy ngh\u0129<\/span> ra c\u00f3 c\u00e1i linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Th\u1eadt ra \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i quan h\u1ec7. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>, th\u00ec th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 c\u00e1i linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Ta bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 do quan h\u1ec7; quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i, n\u1ed9i gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi<\/span>; n\u00f3i g\u1ecdn, th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh, ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 y<\/span> n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a hai c\u00e1i th\u00f4i th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u00e1i t\u00f4i. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1i m\u00e0 ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft th\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea3 v\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u1eady c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 n\u1eafm vi\u00ean bi trong tay, v\u00e0 soi v\u00e0o trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 con m\u1eaft, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u0103n. Con m\u1eaft m\u00e0 ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0103n<\/span>, t\u1ee9c kh\u1ed1i th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4, c\u00f9ng th\u1ee7y tinh<\/span> th\u1ec3, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u00e3n c\u1ea7u, con ng\u01b0\u01a1i. Ph\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0103n<\/span> m\u00e0 h\u1ecfng, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> con m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean v\u00ec khuy\u1ebft duy\u00ean. Ph\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0103n<\/span> ch\u01b0a h\u01b0, s\u1eafc ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu<\/span> l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1edbi b\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1edbng. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0103n<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> theo c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc; do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1edbi b\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi d\u1ea5u l\u00ean m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc vi<\/span> t\u1ebf, minh t\u1ecbnh, nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m<\/span>, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc<\/span>. Ch\u00ednh lo\u1ea1i t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc<\/span> n\u00e0y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch<\/span> b\u1edfi ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi c\u1ea3nh ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu<\/span> l\u00ean ph\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0103n<\/span>, ghi \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> l\u00ean t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc<\/span> c\u0103n, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh, th\u00ec c\u0169ng <\/span><\/span>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c.
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u0103n, c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, ba c\u00e1i h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p ba, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u00fac. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 2 O2\u00a0v\u00e0 1 H li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/span> th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc H2O; N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1eeb x\u00fac kh\u1edfi l\u00ean th\u1ecd, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> th\u00edch \u00fd<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u00fd<\/span>. Ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> th\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng; c\u00e1c \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, th\u00e0nh \u00fd<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>; r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span>, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia<\/span> th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ba c\u00e1i: c\u0103n, c\u1ea3nh, th\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i<\/span>, quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>, m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> chia ra th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u0103n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh; c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu trong t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, ch\u00fang th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span> nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh. T\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span>, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng xung \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, 1 v\u00e0 0, nh\u01b0ng do k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> vi m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn xung \u0111i\u1ec7n; r\u1ed3i t\u00f9y theo<\/span> l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd, cho ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh: n\u00fai, s\u00f4ng, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt; kh\u00f3c, c\u01b0\u1eddi, y\u00eau, gh\u00e9t\u2026 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eddi. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span> g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. \u0110\u00f4i khi n\u00f3i th\u00eam l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 ta g\u00f5 b\u00e0n ph\u00edm \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea1p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o x\u1eed l\u00fd, r\u1ed3i cho ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n vi t\u00ednh s\u1eafp th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng ngang v\u00e0 d\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh tr\u00ean t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n vu\u00f4ng. M\u1ed7i c\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ba b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n nh\u1ecf b\u1eadt sang ba m\u00e0u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>. T\u00f9y theo<\/span> l\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb b\u00e0n ph\u00edm, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd, c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed theo m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, theo \u0111\u00f3, b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 xung \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 xung \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1<\/span> ch\u1edbp nh\u00e1y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> thay nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng pha tr\u1ed9n, ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu<\/span> l\u1eabn nhau, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u00f2ng h\u00e0o quang<\/span> sau t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt<\/span> t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a. Do s\u1ef1 ch\u1edbp nh\u00e1y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> thay nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n, ta th\u1ea5y v\u00f2ng h\u00e0o quang<\/span> sau t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111ang xoay, m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9ng im t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u0103n, c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh<\/span> \u1ea3nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> m\u00e0 ta th\u1ea5y, ta nghe, v.v\u2026 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> theo s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u0103n, c\u1ea3nh th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> do b\u1edfi<\/span> ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> do ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh<\/span> trung th\u1ef1c<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u00f3. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span> c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a vi t\u00ednh, c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span>, trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc xung \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u2026 th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, c\u1ee7a quan h\u1ec7 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> nh\u01b0 quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng xung \u0111i\u1ec7n. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span>, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span>, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span>, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gian<\/span> n\u00e0y, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> hay l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t; \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ma hay Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00e2m, ba c\u00f5i<\/span> duy ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m, l\u00e0 n\u00f3i theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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