{"id":6773,"date":"2020-11-30T23:32:12","date_gmt":"2020-11-30T16:32:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/11\/30\/toat-yeu-noi-dung-cac-kinh-truong-a-ham\/"},"modified":"2020-11-30T23:32:12","modified_gmt":"2020-11-30T16:32:12","slug":"toat-yeu-noi-dung-cac-kinh-truong-a-ham","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/11\/30\/toat-yeu-noi-dung-cac-kinh-truong-a-ham\/","title":{"rendered":"To\u00e1t y\u1ebfu n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A H\u00e0m"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Kinh n\u00e0y k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> hay ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Kinh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang<\/span> nghe v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> thay v\u00ec gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span> gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang<\/span> nghe c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n<\/span>, nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean Kinh \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 theo th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, n\u00ean th\u00eam t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i\u201d v\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n\u201d (Mah\u0101pad\u0101na<\/i>). <\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/i>, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> truy\u1ec1n k\u00fd s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> s\u00e1u v\u1ecb<\/span> Ph\u1eadt, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch-ca l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y. Kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea7n I<\/b>: L\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1, danh t\u00ednh, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span>, qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>, ph\u1ee5 m\u1eabu<\/span>, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>, th\u1ecb gi\u1ea3<\/span>, c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea7n II<\/b>: T\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u00edch<\/span> Ph\u1eadt T\u00ec-b\u00e0-thi (P. Vipass\u012b<\/i>), t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e2u-su\u1ea5t gi\u00e1ng th\u1ea7n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea3n sinh, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ecd d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c<\/span>, xu\u1ea5t du b\u1ed1n c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh, xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>, th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span>, thuy\u1ebft gi\u1edbi<\/span>, v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. N\u1ed9i dung s\u1ef1 t\u00edch<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00edch<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00edch T\u00f4n. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> chung c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, cho n\u00ean, m\u1ed7i khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>, Kinh gi\u1edbi<\/span> thi\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong b\u1ea3n P\u0101li l\u00e0 dhammat\u0101 es\u0101<\/i>: ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb<\/span> hay ph\u00e1p nh\u0129<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb<\/span>, ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. <\/span><\/p>\n

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PH\u1ea6N III<\/b>: \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00edch T\u00f4n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> tr\u00ean T\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> (Suddh\u0101v\u0101sa<\/i>). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> B\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n<\/span> (An\u0101gam\u012b<\/i>). C\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n<\/span> trong n\u0103m t\u1ea7ng T\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch T\u00f4n. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u v\u1ecb<\/span> Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. Sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span> \u1edf D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span>, h\u1ecd t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> l\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa. <\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span>, sau m\u1ed7i \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n xu\u00f4i<\/span> (v\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng<\/span>), Kinh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ec7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3n x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng k\u1ec7. V\u1ec1 sau, ph\u1ea7n v\u0103n xu\u00f4i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span>, truy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch H\u00e1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi P\u0101li. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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2. Kinh Du h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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[T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng P\u0101li: a. Mah\u0101parinibb\u0101nasutta<\/i>, D 16; <\/span><\/p>\n

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b. Mah\u0101sudassanasutta<\/i>, D 17] <\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch, Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m ba quy\u1ec3n theo s\u1ed1 trang trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, Kinh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m ba \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1edbn. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia<\/span> n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n, v\u00ec d\u1ef1a theo s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec3n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo<\/span> n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Kinh, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span> Kinh l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m ba ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh: <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea7n I<\/b>: Kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng-x\u00e1 (R\u0101jagaha<\/i>) cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> x\u00f3m Tr\u00fac ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (Be<\/i>\u1e37<\/i>uva<\/i>) g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh T\u00ec-x\u00e1-li (Vesal\u012b<\/i>); t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y Ph\u1eadt d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n cho m\u00f9a an c\u01b0<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y trong kho\u1ea3ng<\/span> th\u1eddi gian<\/span> n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p cho s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 s\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i gia<\/span>. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng huy\u1ec1n k\u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Hoa t\u1eed th\u00e0nh (P\u0101\u1e6daliputta), m\u00e0 theo s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf A-d\u1ee5c, trung t\u00e2m<\/span> t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan t\u1ecfa sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea7n II<\/b>: T\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng Tr\u00fac ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng (atha kho bhagavato vass\u016bpagatassa kharo \u0101b\u0101dho uppajji, b\u0101<\/i>\u1e37<\/i>h\u0101 vedan\u0101 vattanti m\u0101ra<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>antik\u0101<\/i>), m\u00e0 theo t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a A-nan l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho A-nan kinh s\u1ee3, ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t, v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp<\/span> Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng h\u00e0nh (j\u012bvitasa<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>kh\u0101ra<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> adhi<\/i>\u1e6d\u1e6d<\/i>h\u0101ya vih\u0101si<\/i>), t\u1ee9c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u00eam s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, v\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u1eddi di gi\u00e1o<\/span> cho c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> s\u1eafp nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, A-nan kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u<\/span>. M\u1ed9t l\u00e1t sau, Ma Ba-tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u<\/span> Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> h\u1ee9a kh\u1ea3<\/span>. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1eadt x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd<\/span> h\u00e0nh sau khi l\u01b0u m\u1ea1ng h\u00e0nh (j\u012bvitasa<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>kh\u0101ra<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> adhi<\/i>\u1e6d\u1e6d<\/i>h\u0101ya \u2026 \u0101yusa<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>kh\u0101ra<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> ossajji<\/i>), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng duy tr\u00ec<\/span> m\u1ea1ng c\u0103n<\/span> hay s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Ph\u1eadt l\u01b0u m\u1ea1ng h\u00e0nh trong th\u1eddi gian<\/span> ba th\u00e1ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> sau khi th\u1ecd b\u1eefa c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u-na hay Thu\u1ea7n-\u0111\u00e0 (Cunda<\/i>) r\u1ed3i Ph\u1eadt \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eafm trong d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng C\u00e2u-t\u00f4n (Kaku<\/i>\u1e6d\u1e6d<\/i>h\u0101<\/i> hay Kakutth\u0101<\/i>), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian<\/span> m\u00e0 d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, sinh-l\u00e3o-b\u1ec7nh-t\u1eed th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n<\/span> r\u00f5 n\u00e9t nh\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch T\u00f4n. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea7n III<\/b>: T\u1eeb s\u00f4ng C\u00e2u-t\u00f4n, Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> s\u00f4ng Hi-li\u00ean (Hira\u00f1\u00f1avati<\/i>) r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eebng Sa-la song th\u1ecd (Yamakas\u0101l\u0101<\/i>), thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn th\u00e0nh C\u00e2u-thi (Kusin\u0101r\u0101<\/i>) c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd<\/span> Mat-la (Malla<\/i>). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u1edd cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch T\u00f4n: nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1ea9n t\u00e1ng, l\u1ec5 tr\u00e0-tr\u00ec, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i. Ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span> Ph\u1eadt d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m, ph\u00e1p g\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. C\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng<\/span> k\u00e9m trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> Ma-ha Ca-di\u1ebfp c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> v\u1ec1 C\u00e2u-thi \u0111\u1ec3 tham d\u1ef1<\/span> l\u1ec5 h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng<\/span>. T\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt cho th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span> trong T\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span> \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong h\u00e0ng c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> sau khi Ph\u1eadt di\u1ec7t<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Cu\u1ed1i Kinh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch T\u00f4n. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp<\/span> nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> b\u1edfi A-nan, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n<\/span> Kinh th\u00eam v\u00e0o sau n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3n P\u0101li. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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3. Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n<\/span> t\u00f4n<\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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[T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng P\u0101li: Mah\u0101govindasutta<\/i>, D. 19] <\/span><\/p>\n

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Kinh g\u1ed3m ba ph\u1ea7n. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea7n I<\/b>: Ban-gi\u00e1-d\u1ef1c (Pa\u00f1casikha<\/i>), con c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c th\u1ea7n<\/span> (gandhabba<\/i>), t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i t\u1eadp h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> tr\u1eddi \u0110ao l\u1ecb (T\u0101vati<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>sa<\/i>). Trong bu\u1ed5i qu\u1ea7n ti\u00ean h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span> n\u00f3i cho ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> nghe v\u1ec1 t\u00e1m ph\u00e1p<\/span> V\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt. T\u00e1m ph\u00e1p<\/span> V\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c (yath\u0101bhucca<\/i>) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c (na \u2026 a\u00f1\u00f1atra tena bhagavat\u0101<\/i>). Ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> t\u00e1m ph\u00e1p<\/span> V\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span> m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p V\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea7n II<\/b>: To\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> n\u1ed9i dung l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec3n<\/span> T\u00f4n, m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> \u0110ao-l\u1ecb nghe. N\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ban-gi\u00e1-d\u1ef1c thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch T\u00f4n, t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua b\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc phong l\u00e0m Ph\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3y vua. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia<\/span> to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> qu\u1ed1c th\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3y chi s\u00e1t-l\u1ecb (khattiya<\/i>) c\u00f9ng cai tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng do \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec3n<\/span> T\u00f4n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>. M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> sau, \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec3n<\/span> T\u00f4n t\u1ea1m g\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec7t c\u01b0 trong b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng m\u00f9a m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> b\u1ed1n v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i ki\u1ebfn<\/span> v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span>. Sau bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i ki\u1ebfn<\/span>, \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec3n<\/span> T\u00f4n nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>, n\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. L\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span>, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, c\u00e1c gia ch\u1ee7<\/span> b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> theo \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec3n<\/span> T\u00f4n. Sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u sinh thi\u00ean<\/span>. Ri\u00eang \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec3n<\/span> T\u00f4n t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> l\u00ean Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea7n III<\/b>: Ban-gi\u00e1-d\u1ef1c th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u<\/span> Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 b\u1edfi Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec3n<\/span> T\u00f4n c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Tuy r\u1eb1ng khi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec3n<\/span> T\u00f4n l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 sau khi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi; nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a<\/span> \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span>, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>, ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a sinh t\u1eed<\/span> m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> l\u00ean Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch T\u00f4n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span> \u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng khai th\u1ecb cho th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span> \u1ea5y, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span> an \u1ed5n<\/span> v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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4. Kinh X\u00e0-ni-sa<\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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[T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng P\u0101li: Janavasabhassutta<\/i>, D 18] <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Kinh n\u00e0y trong P\u0101li l\u00e0 Janavasabha<\/i>, trong \u0111\u00f3 jana<\/i>: con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, vasabha<\/i>: ng\u01b0u v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u00e2n trung Ng\u01b0u v\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1eadc th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh t\u00f4n qu\u00fd trong lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> (S\u1edb gi\u1ea3i P\u0101li: dasasahass\u0101dhikassa janassatasasassassa je<\/i>\u1e6d\u1e6d<\/i>ho hutv\u0101 sot\u0101panno j\u0101to, tasm\u0101 javanasabhotissa n\u0101ma<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> ahosi<\/i>: v\u1ecb \u1ea5y v\u1ed1n t\u1eebng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, r\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9ng Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3<\/span> D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u<\/span>, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Janavasabha). <\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch H\u00e1n, t\u1eeb phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 X\u00e0-ni-sa, k\u00e8m theo l\u1eddi chua l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1eafng k\u1ebft s\u1eed\u201d. B\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Kinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhan \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n ti\u00ean<\/span> kinh<\/i>; theo \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Nararshabha<\/i>: b\u1eadc Ng\u01b0u v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> hay \u0110\u1ea1i Ti\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eadp h\u1ecdc lu\u1eadn <\/i>d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n trung<\/span> ti\u00ean, m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> trong Ph\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3<\/span> \u015aik<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>\u0101samuccaya<\/i> c\u1ee7a \u015a\u0101ntideva. Nh\u01b0ng phi\u00ean \u00e2m trong b\u1ea3n Kinh<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 X\u00e0-ni-sa cho ph\u00e9p<\/span> truy g\u1ed1c Ph\u1ea1n Janarsabha<\/i> m\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00ec trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n nara<\/i> v\u00e0 jana<\/i> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a. Tuy v\u1eady, t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u1eeb phi\u00ean \u00e2m ta c\u00f3. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c h\u1ed7n ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, so s\u00e1nh<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u1eeb P\u0101li. T\u1eeb Janarsabha<\/i> n\u00f3i tr\u00ean l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Sanskrit nh\u00e3 ng\u1eef, m\u00e0 g\u1ed1c h\u1ed7n ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i trong P\u0101li l\u00e0 Janesabha<\/i>, t\u1eeb k\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Jana<\/i> (lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u1edbi Isabha<\/i> (Ng\u01b0u v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>). Trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i<\/span><\/i> (P\u0101li, Mah\u0101samayasutta<\/i> 20) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1eeb Janesabha<\/i> n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u1edb gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3 v\u1edbi Janavasabha<\/i>. Ta th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb Janesabha<\/i> g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi phi\u00ean \u00e2m H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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X\u00e0-ni-sa, hay Janesabha<\/i>, l\u00e0 t\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a vua B\u00ecnh-sa (T\u1ea7n-b\u00e0-sa-la, Bimbis\u0101ra<\/i>) sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span> t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> l\u00ean tr\u1eddi \u0110ao-l\u1ecb l\u00e0m con trai c\u1ee7a T\u00ec-sa-m\u00f4n Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> (Vessavana<\/i>). <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Kinh, A-nan kh\u1edfi l\u00ean nghi v\u1ea5n<\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> t\u1ea1i gia<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1 th\u1ebf<\/span> t\u1ea1i Ma-ki\u1ec7t-\u0111\u00e0, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 vua B\u00ecnh-sa (Bimbis\u0101ra<\/i>). <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span>, X\u00e0-ni-sa m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia l\u00e0 vua B\u00ecnh-sa t\u1eeb \u0110ao-l\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt n\u1ed9i dung bu\u1ed5i lu\u1eadn Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> \u0110ao-l\u1ecb. Khi ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> t\u1eadp h\u1ed9i, Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eed<\/span>. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 Ban-gi\u00e1-d\u1ef1c k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt trong kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n t\u00f4n<\/i>. Trong bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> \u0110ao-l\u1ecb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p vi di\u1ec7u<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span>: b\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span>, b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5, b\u1ed1n th\u1ea7n t\u00fac<\/span>, v\u00e0 ba l\u1ed1i \u0111i m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt m\u1edf ra cho ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1c<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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5. Kinh Ti\u1ec3u duy\u00ean<\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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[T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng P\u0101li: Aga\u00f1\u00f1asutta<\/i>, D 27] <\/span><\/p>\n

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Kinh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u00f3 hai thanh ni\u00ean thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span> b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n l\u00e0 B\u00e0-t\u1ea5t-tra (V\u0101se<\/i>\u1e6d\u1e6d<\/i>ha<\/i>) v\u00e0 B\u00e0-la-\u0111\u1ecda (Bh\u0101radhb\u0101ka<\/i>) mu\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> theo Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111ang trong th\u1eddi gian<\/span> b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng c\u1ed9ng tr\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee5 t\u00fac<\/span>, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd th\u00e2n quy\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/span> k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> n\u00e0y. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n thu\u1ed9c giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> cao qu\u00fd, l\u00e0 \u201cCon c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a sinh<\/span> b\u1edfi Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> sinh t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean\u201d, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n<\/span> kh\u00e1c. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Tho\u1ea1t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7y<\/span>, khi qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span>, du h\u00e0nh<\/span> trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> kh\u00e1c bay ngang qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u00ean m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bay trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Do h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5<\/span> d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t d\u1ea5t, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n, c\u00e0ng th\u00f4 k\u1ec7ch<\/span>. Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/span> theo s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i; c\u1ea3 hai t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> l\u1eabn nhau. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c<\/span>, C\u00f9ng l\u00fac<\/span>, l\u00faa t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>; lo\u1ea1i l\u00faa kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gieo tr\u1ed3ng, \u0111un n\u1ea5u. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u1ee9 s\u00e1ng h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m, chi\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng; chi\u1ec1u h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m, s\u00e1ng d\u00f9ng. <\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span> sau n\u1eefa, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t sinh, v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111ua nhau thu ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span>, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tr\u1edf n\u00ean khan hi\u1ebfm, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ea3y sinh tranh d\u00e0nh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn xung \u0111\u1ed9t<\/span>. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd b\u00e8n th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> ph\u00e2n chia<\/span> \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 thu ho\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng tranh d\u00e0nh nhau \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y xung \u0111\u1ed9t<\/span>. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u01b0 h\u1eefu<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t sinh. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng hay thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, thu ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 theo ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span>, b\u00e8n l\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Khi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span> nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n<\/span>. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> h\u1ecdp nhau l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o<\/span> uy nghi\u00eam<\/span>, c\u00f3 tr\u00ed s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>, v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ngay th\u1eb3ng, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/span>; b\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00ean l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span> nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p<\/span>, duy tr\u00ec<\/span> tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/span> c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> ch\u1ee7\u201d. T\u1eeb H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y, trong P\u0101li g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Mah\u0101sammato<\/i>, trong \u0111\u00f3, mah\u0101<\/i> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 mah\u0101jana<\/i>: \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span> hay c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span>; sammato<\/i>: ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Mah\u0101sammato<\/i> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span> hay c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span> b\u1ea7u l\u00ean. Trong H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch, sammato<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 sama(to)<\/i>: b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t<\/span> n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<\/span> trong kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f9ng th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn<\/span> giao \u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thu ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p cho<\/span> th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh Mah\u0101sammato<\/i>, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m vi\u1ec7c thu ho\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m<\/span> gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span> tranh ch\u1ea5p<\/span> v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec<\/span> tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/span> cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span>. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n<\/span> c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/span> \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hay thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai ri\u00eang; tuy v\u1eady, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> ch\u1ee7, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> giai c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00e1t-l\u1ecb<\/i>. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng P\u0101li c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 khattiya<\/i>, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb khetta<\/i>: \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. Cho n\u00ean, khattiya<\/i> c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7<\/i>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u00f9ng l\u00fac<\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb r\u0101ja<\/i> trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n. Ng\u1eef nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span> h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb r\u0101j<\/i>: cai tr\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a theo Kinh n\u00e0y th\u00ec kh\u00e1c, d\u1eabn theo P\u0101li: dhammena pare ra\u00f1jet\u012bti kho, v\u0101se\u1e6d\u1e6dha, r\u0101j\u0101, r\u0101j\u0101<\/i>, \u201cN\u00e0y V\u0101se\u1e6d\u1e6dha, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c vui l\u00f2ng<\/span> \u0111\u00fang theo ph\u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 r\u0101j\u0101<\/i>.\u201d Do d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o<\/span> ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng n\u00ean H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ed9t t\u1ea3 h\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m trong P\u0101li. H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: \u5927\u738b\u3002\u5584\u54c9\u3002\u5927\u738b\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u3002\u4e16\u9593\u4fbf\u6709\u738b\u540d\u3002\u4ee5\u6b63\u6cd5\u6cbb\u6c11 \u201cL\u00e0nh thay, \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng! L\u00e0nh thay<\/span>, \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng! Th\u1ebf gian<\/span> b\u00e8n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1eeb v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/i>, b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p<\/span> m\u00e0 tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n.\u201d Ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng<\/span>, t\u1eeb r\u0101j\u0101<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u201cvua\u201d t\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb; v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u theo t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 vua c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n sinh s\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi P\u0101li nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, r\u0101j\u0101<\/i> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u201cl\u00e0m vui l\u00f2ng<\/span> m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d; t\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> do c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span> l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u l\u00ean v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/span> tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i<\/span>, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span> nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p<\/span> v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec<\/span> tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/span> x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span>, c\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1ed9i \u00e1c<\/span>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>: t\u1eeb s\u00e1t sinh<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan<\/span>. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t<\/span> t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> \u1ea5y, b\u00e8n b\u1ecf l\u00ean r\u1eebng, s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c<\/span>, tr\u1ea7m m\u1eb7c t\u01b0 duy<\/span>. Giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n theo ng\u1eef nguy\u00ean. B\u1ea3n P\u0101li t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i: p\u0101pake akusale dhamme v\u0101hent\u012b ti\u2026 br\u0101hma\u1e47\u0101 br\u0101hma\u1e47\u0101.<\/i> \u201cH\u1ecd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u00e1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n.\u201d Theo \u0111\u00e2y, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n br\u0101hma\u1e47\u0101<\/i> (b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n) c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n l\u00e0 v\u0101h<\/i> c\u1ee7a P\u0101li, m\u00e0 trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n nh\u00e3 ng\u1eef n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1e5bh<\/i> hay b\u1e5bh<\/i>: t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf, nh\u1ed5 b\u1ecf. \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n theo ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n nh\u00e3 ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cl\u00e0m cho l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>.\u201d Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng<\/span> h\u01a1n v\u00ec d\u1ec5 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> th\u1ea7n linh<\/span> h\u01a1n. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> t\u00ec-x\u00e1 (P\u0101li: vessa<\/i>): giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> c\u01b0 s\u1ef9, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a<\/span> t\u00e0i b\u1ea3o.\u201d Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tay ch\u00e2n l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 h\u00e8n h\u1ea1: giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> th\u1ee7-\u0111\u00e0-la (sudda<\/i>). <\/span><\/p>\n

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Kinh cho th\u1ea5y x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> c\u00f3 giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> hay \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>, m\u00e0 do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Kinh k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span>: Th\u1ebf gian<\/span> y c\u1ee9<\/span> ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> th\u00ec s\u00e1t-l\u1ecb l\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 Minh v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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6. Kinh Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> tu h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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[P\u0101li t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng: Cakkavattisutta<\/i>, D 26] <\/span><\/p>\n

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Kinh m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y: \u201cH\u00e3y t\u1ef1 th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng cho m\u00ecnh.\u201d N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c: h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n<\/span> cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> n\u00e0y, Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/span> v\u00e0 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a<\/span> c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb v\u1ecb Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, vua Ki\u00ean C\u1ed1<\/span> Ni\u1ec7m (Da\u1e37hameni<\/i>), k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng<\/span> nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc; x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy tho\u00e1i, ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>. Do ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i<\/span> m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp. Do tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh gi\u1eb7c gi\u00e3, ch\u00e9m gi\u1ebft. L\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c<\/span> ph\u00e1t sinh. M\u1ed7i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i \u00e1c<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng theo \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u<\/span> tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd. T\u1eeb t\u00e1m v\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i, gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span> nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y. C\u1ecdng c\u1ecf trong tay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u0169 kh\u00ed gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 gi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 th\u1ee3 s\u0103n g\u1eb7p nai, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 th\u00e2n s\u01a1<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> t\u00e0n s\u00e1t kinh ho\u00e0ng<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n<\/span> v\u00e0o r\u1eebng, \u1ea9n n\u00fap trong hang \u0111\u00e1, h\u1ed1c c\u00e2y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1c t\u00e2m<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1t. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft<\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft h\u1ebft s\u1ea1ch, nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng. H\u1ecd g\u1eb7p nhau<\/span>, t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n t\u1ec9nh<\/span>, v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nhau tu t\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<\/span>, v\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u0169ng t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n. M\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb t\u00e2m<\/span> kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sinh<\/span>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span> d\u1ecb \u0111oan<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Khi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span> s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, hi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> cha m\u1eb9<\/span>, th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng<\/span> lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1m v\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Di-l\u1eb7c (Metteyya<\/i>). \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 Th\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> hi\u1ec7u T\u01b0\u01a1ng-gi\u00e0 (Sa\u1e45kha). D\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/span> quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng v\u1edbi vua Ki\u00ean C\u1ed1<\/span> Ni\u1ec7m. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u1ebf gian<\/span> lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n<\/span> theo s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn<\/span> hay suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> hay m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>. C\u1ef1c th\u1ecbnh<\/span> r\u1ed3i suy gi\u1ea3m<\/span>. C\u1ef1c suy l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh. Th\u1ebf gian<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a. Cho n\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n th\u1ea7n t\u00fac<\/span>, th\u1ecd tr\u00ec<\/span> gi\u1edbi b\u1ed5n<\/span>, th\u1ee7 h\u1ed9<\/span> c\u0103n m\u00f4n<\/span>, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ed1n thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span> b\u1ed1n Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span> nh\u1ea5t. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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7. Kinh T\u1ec7-t\u00fa<\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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[P\u0101li: P\u0101y\u0101sisutta<\/i>, D 23] <\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n T\u1ec7-t\u00fa (P\u0101y\u0101si<\/i>) c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4<\/span> thuy\u1ebft (natthiv\u0101da<\/i>). \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i h\u00f3a sinh<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> kh\u00e1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span>, hay \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>. \u00d4ng t\u00ecm g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ed3ng t\u1eed<\/span> Ca-di\u1ebfp (K\u016bmar-Kassapa<\/i>) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span>. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u g\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span> c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. Ca-di\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a T\u1ec7-t\u00fa l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>, v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Ca-di\u1ebfp khuy\u00ean \u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span> \u1ea5y \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>; nh\u01b0ng T\u1ec7-t\u00fa v\u1eabn ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t<\/span> quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do<\/span>. L\u00fd do<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> danh d\u1ef1<\/span>. Ca-di\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> kh\u00e1c cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/span> ch\u1ea5p \u1ea5y v\u1eeba ngu xu\u1ea9n<\/span> v\u1eeba nguy hi\u1ec3m. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, T\u1ec7-t\u00fa ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 th\u00fa nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c ngay th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ca-di\u1ebfp, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nghe bi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i<\/span> vi di\u1ec7u<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ca-di\u1ebfp n\u00ean c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh<\/span> b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7<\/span> quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>. Ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span>, \u00f4ng xin quy y<\/span> v\u1edbi Ca-di\u1ebfp, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> ch\u1ea9n t\u1ebf<\/span> cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, theo l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ca-di\u1ebfp. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng cho b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i y ph\u1ee5c<\/span>, \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c<\/span> th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m<\/span>, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng giao ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch<\/span> vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/span>. \u00d4ng nghe theo, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span>. Sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span>, do b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> h\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n<\/span>, \u00f4ng sinh l\u00ean tr\u1eddi T\u1ee9 thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i b\u1edfi Ca-di\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ed3ng t\u1eed<\/span> sau khi Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>. B\u1ea3n P\u0101li t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>, m\u00e0 th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> r\u1eb1ng T\u1ec7-t\u00fa c\u00f3 g\u1eb7p A-la-h\u00e1n Gavampati<\/i> (Ki\u1ec1u-ph\u1ea1m-ba-\u0111\u1ec1) tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi<\/span> T\u1ee9 thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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8. Kinh T\u00e1n-\u0111\u00e0-na<\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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[P\u0101li: Udumbarikasutta<\/i>, D 25] <\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u00e1n-\u0111\u00e0-na (Sandh\u0101na<\/i>) l\u00e0 v\u1ecb c\u01b0<\/span> s\u1ef9 n\u1ed5i danh<\/span> s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e1<\/span>. Ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khu v\u01b0\u1eddn mang t\u00ean \u00d4-t\u1ea1m-b\u00e0-l\u1ecb (Udumbarik\u0101<\/i>), t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> l\u00e0 Ni-c\u00e2u-\u0111\u00e0 (N\u012bgodha<\/i>). Ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb phi\u00eam \u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi P\u0101li l\u00e0 paribb\u0101jaka<\/i>, d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>, l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m xu\u1ea5t gia ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng<\/span> kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean<\/span> K\u00ec-x\u00e0-qu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt, T\u00e1n-\u0111\u00e0-na gh\u00e9 v\u01b0\u1eddn \u00d4-t\u1ea1m-b\u00e0-l\u1ecb th\u0103m. Ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed<\/span> Ni-c\u1ea7u-\u0111\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gay g\u1eaft<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt. V\u1eeba l\u00fac<\/span> \u1ea5y, Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>. Ni-c\u00e2u-\u0111\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn an l\u1ea1c<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>, cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi s\u1edf tri<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ni-c\u00e2u-\u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n, Ph\u1eadt s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i<\/span> cho h\u1ecd r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p tu kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt k\u1ec3 chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ef9 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> h\u00e0nh x\u00e1c<\/span>, t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m kh\u1ed5 th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> r\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n P\u0101li. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> b\u1edfi t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 kinh n\u00e0y l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n<\/span>. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 H\u00e1n v\u0103n kh\u00f3 ki\u1ebfm t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u00fa t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>. D\u00f9 sao, b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span> c\u0169ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea<\/span> r\u1ea5t chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh \u00e9p x\u00e1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ef9 th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ni-c\u00e2u-\u0111\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u u\u1ebf<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i tu<\/span> kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c n\u00e0y. Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> k\u1ec3 ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u u\u1ebf<\/span> \u1ea5y. B\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t t\u00e2m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> b\u1edfi tham lam<\/span>, t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span>, ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n<\/span>, x\u1ea3o ng\u1ee5y, khen m\u00ecnh ch\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p<\/span>, \u2026 Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> trong l\u1ed1i kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh \u1ea5y: ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> b\u1edfi tham lam<\/span>, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>, x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t v.v\u2026 Tuy v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt, c\u00f3 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/span>. Kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span> c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u00e1c v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ni-c\u1ea7u-\u0111\u00e0 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd li\u1ec1n b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00f4ng cu\u1ed3ng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi T\u00e1n-\u0111\u00e0-na. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed<\/span>, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 tranh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 l\u1ee3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eabn thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd, Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn. Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 Ma Ba tu\u1ea7n<\/span> \u0111ang chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> t\u00e2m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed<\/span>. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n qu\u1ea5y r\u1ea7y<\/span>, n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt n\u1eafm tay T\u00e1n-\u0111\u00e0-na n\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0111i. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

9. Kinh Ch\u00fang t\u1eadp<\/span><\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

[P\u0101li: Sa\u1e47g\u012btisutta<\/i>, D 33] <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi<\/span> Ph\u1eadt, thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span> cho c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, Ni-ki\u1ec1n T\u1eed v\u1eeba t\u1ea1 th\u1ebf<\/span>, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> t\u1ee9c th\u00ec chia r\u1ebd th\u00e0nh hai ph\u00e1i, tranh ch\u1ea5p<\/span> nhau k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t. X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span> c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0<\/span> di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng nhau k\u1ebft t\u1eadp<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng tranh c\u00e3i. Kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n li\u1ec7t k\u00ea<\/span> Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi danh m\u1ee5c<\/span> ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1<\/span>. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m theo s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ti\u1ebfn, t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u00f3m m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> k\u1ebft t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a Kinh n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng<\/span>. V\u1ec1 sau, ph\u00e1i H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span> khai tri\u1ec3n Kinh v\u1edbi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span> chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t trong s\u00e1u lu\u1eadn n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u1ee5c t\u00fac. B\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span> d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi nhan \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 T\u1eadp d\u1ecb m\u00f4n t\u00fac lu\u1eadn<\/i> (T 1536), v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u00e0 T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span> X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i T\u1eed. \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a<\/span> Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp<\/span> kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong Kinh n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

10. Kinh Th\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

[P\u0101li: Dasuttarasutta<\/i>, D 34] <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Kinh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng do Ph\u1eadt khi\u1ebfn X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y T\u0103ng thuy\u1ebft gi\u1edbi<\/span>. N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Kinh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n k\u1ebft t\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng<\/span> theo ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1eadp ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 kinh Ch\u00fang t\u1eadp<\/i>; nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1<\/span> l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi khoa m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 sau: <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1. Th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p \u6210\u6cd5, P. dhammo bahuk\u0101ro (ph\u00e1p \u0111a s\u1edf t\u00e1c<\/span>), ph\u00e1p \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>; <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

2. Tu ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u4fee\u6cd5, bh\u0101vitabbo (\u01b0ng tu), c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span>; <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

3. Gi\u00e1c ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u89ba\u6cd5, pari\u00f1\u00f1eyyo (\u01b0ng bi\u1ebfn tri<\/span>), c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/span>; <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

4. Di\u1ec7t ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u6ec5\u6cd5, pah\u0101tabbo (\u01b0ng \u0111o\u1ea1n), c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb; <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

5. Th\u1ed1i ph\u00e1p \u9000\u6cd5, h\u0101nabh\u0101giyo (thu\u1eadn th\u1ed1i ph\u1ea7n), d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a<\/span>; <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

6. T\u0103ng ph\u00e1p \u589e\u6cd5, visesabh\u0101giyo (th\u1eafng ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n<\/span>), d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn; <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

7. Nan gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u96e3\u89e3\u6cd5, duppa\u1e6divijjho (nan gi\u1ea3i), kh\u00f3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i, kh\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp<\/span>; <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

8. Sinh ph\u00e1p \u751f\u6cd5<\/span>, upp\u0101detabbo (\u01b0ng sinh ph\u00e1p<\/span>), c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> l\u00e0m cho ph\u00e1t sinh; <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

9. Tri ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u77e5\u6cd5, abhi\u00f1\u00f1eyyo (\u01b0ng th\u1eafng tri), c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng tri<\/span>; <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

10. Ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u8b49\u6cd5, sacchik\u0101tabbo (\u01b0ng t\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>), c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1<\/span> m\u1ed9t th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>; trong ph\u00e1p hai th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u1eeb hai th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> hai ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>, v.v., cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> n\u01a1i ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1<\/span> m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

11. Kinh T\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t<\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

[P\u0101li: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng] <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung Kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Kinh Th\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/i>; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

12. Kinh Tam t\u1ee5<\/span><\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

[P\u0101li: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng] <\/span><\/p>\n

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Kinh do Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span>. N\u1ed9i dung c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng<\/span> theo danh m\u1ee5c<\/span> ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1<\/span> nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kinh tr\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0, trong m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1<\/span> g\u1ed3m ba khoa m\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0 trong ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t: m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1c th\u00fa<\/span>; m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec7n th\u00fa<\/span>; m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> trong ph\u00e1p m\u01b0\u1eddi: m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1c th\u00fa<\/span>, m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec7n th\u00fa<\/span>, m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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13. Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i duy\u00ean<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span><\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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[P\u0101li: Mah\u0101nid\u0101nasutta<\/i>, D. 15] <\/span><\/p>\n

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A-nan nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/span>: l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span> th\u1eadt th\u1eadm th\u00e2m<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng sao T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span> th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u<\/span>. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/span> \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi. Kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m ba ph\u1ea7n. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea7n I<\/b>: Quan h\u1ec7 c\u00e1c chi duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, t\u00f9y theo<\/span> g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ba h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span>: <\/span><\/p>\n

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1. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ea5p<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t an<\/span> c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3<\/span> trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. Quan h\u1ec7 c\u00e1c chi duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean \u00e1i. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3o t\u1eed<\/span>, c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u0103m chi, n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cduy\u00ean kh\u1edfi n\u0103m chi.\u201d L\u1ea5y \u00e1i l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c, (\u00e1i b\u1ea3n, P. ta\u1e47h\u0101m\u016bla<\/i>), ph\u00e1t sinh 9 chi: \u00e1i, c\u1ea7u, l\u1ee3i, d\u1ee5ng, d\u1ee5c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eadt, th\u1ee7, h\u1ed9. C\u00e1c chi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean theo P\u0101li.: ta\u1e47h\u0101 (kh\u00e1t \u00e1i<\/span>), pariyesan\u0101 (t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u), l\u0101bho (th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc), vinicchayo (quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>), chandar\u0101go (d\u1ee5c tham<\/span>, ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span> hay tham lam<\/span>), ajjhos\u0101na\u1e43 (tham ch\u1ea5p), pariggaho (nhi\u1ebfp h\u1ed9<\/span>, gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t), macchariya\u1e43 (xan l\u1eadn, keo ki\u1ec7t<\/span>), \u0101rakkho (th\u1ee7 h\u1ed9<\/span>, canh gi\u1eef<\/span>). <\/span><\/p>\n

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2. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p<\/span>, t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean x\u00fac. T\u1eeb x\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3o-t\u1eed c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y chi, n\u00ean quan h\u1ec7 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cduy\u00ean kh\u1edfi b\u1ea3y chi.\u201d X\u00fac c\u00f3 hai: h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i x\u00fac<\/span> t\u1ee9c x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u0103ng ng\u1eef x\u00fac<\/span> hay t\u00e2m x\u00fac t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>. H\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i x\u00fac<\/span> d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tham \u0111\u1eafm ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c<\/span>. T\u0103ng ng\u1eef x\u00fac<\/span> l\u00e0m s\u1edf y<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edfng, hay kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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3. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>, t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 danh s\u1eafc<\/span>. Quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi chi. Hai chi v\u00f4 minh<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tuy c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> r\u00f5 trong Kinh n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea7n II<\/b>: Quan h\u1ec7 c\u00e1c chi duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sinh m\u1ea1ng. Sinh m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. C\u00f3 hai y c\u1ee9<\/span> l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> hay ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p<\/span> v\u1ec1 ng\u00e3: th\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1eafc. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea7n III<\/b>: Ng\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> theo gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span> b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> b\u1edfi kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1c, c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c. Ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3y tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 hai x\u1ee9 t\u1ee9c hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> xem l\u00e0 c\u00f5i v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng: v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, trong v\u00f2ng<\/span> lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian<\/span>. Tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, c\u00f3 t\u00e1m c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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14. Kinh Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ec1-ho\u00e0n Nh\u00e2n v\u1ea5n<\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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[P\u0101li: Sakkapa\u00f1hasutta<\/i>, D 21] <\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span>. Kinh g\u1ed3m ba ph\u1ea7n. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea7n I<\/b>: Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> \u0110ao-l\u1ecb chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u1ea1c th\u1ea7n<\/span> Ban-gi\u00e1c-d\u1ef1c (Pa\u00f1caskhi<\/i>: Ng\u0169 K\u1ebf<\/span>) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi\u1ebfn \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>. \u00d4ng c\u1ea7m c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n l\u01b0u ly<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc hang \u0111\u00e1 n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang t\u0129nh t\u1ecda<\/span>. Trong t\u1ea7m v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7<\/span> nghe, \u00f4ng h\u00e1t b\u1ea3n t\u00ecnh ca<\/span> d\u00e2ng c\u00fang Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. B\u00e0i ca n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau say \u0111\u1eafm<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n nh\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i<\/span>. Nghe xong b\u00e0i ca, Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ee3i khen<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ed9i dung. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, Ban-gi\u00e1-d\u1ef1c tr\u00ecnh Ph\u1eadt \u00fd c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> \u0110ao-l\u1ecb mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea7n II<\/b>: Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> \u0110ao-l\u1ecb c\u00f9ng v\u00e0o trong hang \u0111\u00e1 l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span> n\u00eau c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> th\u00f9 h\u1eadn tranh ch\u1ea5p<\/span> gi\u1eefa ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt d\u1eabn chu\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> quan h\u1ec7, t\u1eeb tham lam<\/span> t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> h\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. T\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span> h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span> h\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh<\/span> n\u01a1i th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd; y n\u01a1i c\u00e1c th\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1ng th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u00e2n c\u1eadn m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> nghi; y n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u0103n m\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u0103n lu\u1eadt nghi<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea7n III: Nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span> th\u1eafc m\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p<\/span>, Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span> thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i t\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>. Khi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn<\/span> ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> h\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft th\u1ecd m\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng chung<\/span>, \u00f4ng lo s\u1ee3, \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p<\/span>. R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng so s\u00e1nh<\/span> h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span> m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 sau khi nghe ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u1edbi h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span> m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y khi \u0111\u00e1nh nhau<\/span> v\u1edbi A-tu-la m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span> do th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i<\/span> trong \u0111\u1ea5u tranh h\u1eadn th\u00f9<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span> do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe Ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p<\/span>. Sau h\u1ebft \u00f4ng n\u00eau nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00edch l\u1ee3i<\/span> do h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span> n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ngay l\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/span>, Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span>, r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Cu\u1ed1i Kinh, k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span> th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng<\/span> cho Ban-gi\u00e1-d\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ea3 con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c th\u1ea7n<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u00e0y say \u0111\u1eafm<\/span> cho l\u00e0m v\u1ee3. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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15. Kinh A-n\u1eadu-di<\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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[P\u0101li: P\u0101thikasutta<\/i>, D 24] <\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> Thi\u1ec7n T\u00fa<\/span> (Sunakkhatta<\/i>) t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng theo Ph\u1eadt tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> n\u1eefa, v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span> cho \u00f4ng hai vi\u1ec7c: kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> Thi\u1ec7n T\u00fa<\/span>: d\u00f9 Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> hi\u1ec7n hay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span>, kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft, ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span> d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: Thi\u1ec7n T\u00fa<\/span> t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i tu<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb, cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 Ni-ki\u1ec1n t\u1eed Gi\u00e1-la-l\u00e2u (Acela Ka\u1e37\u0101rama<\/i>) v\u00e0 C\u1ee9u-la-\u0111\u1ebf (Korakkhattiya<\/i>). Khi Ph\u1eadt b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i \u1ea5y th\u00ec Thi\u1ec7n T\u00fa<\/span> cho l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ganh t\u1ecb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec t\u1ecf v\u1ebb kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh \u00e9p x\u00e1c<\/span>; v\u00ec r\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1-la-l\u00e2u s\u1ebd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u1ec1 su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> gi\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft trong b\u00e3i tha ma m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft danh ti\u1ebfng<\/span>; c\u00f2n C\u1ee9u-la-\u0111\u1ebf s\u1ebd tr\u00fang th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i khi ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed<\/span> Ba-l\u00ea T\u1eed tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng s\u1ebd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span> v\u1edbi Sa-m\u00f4n C\u00f9-\u0111\u00e0m, Thi\u1ec7n T\u00fa<\/span> r\u1ea5t ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, Ba-l\u00ea T\u1eed s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt, n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u00ed hay th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span>. Thi\u1ec7n T\u00fa<\/span> c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c<\/span> Ph\u1eadt: \u201cTh\u1ebf T\u00f4n h\u00e3y gi\u1eef mi\u1ec7ng<\/span>.\u201d V\u00ec r\u1ed3i Ba-l\u00ea T\u1eed s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ph\u1eadt s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft danh d\u1ef1<\/span>. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, Ba-l\u00ea T\u1eed th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111i g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm g\u1eb7p \u00f4ng t\u1eadn m\u1eb7t m\u00e0 th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c. <\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> th\u1ee9 hai, v\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>: Ph\u1eadt n\u00eau r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft. C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp: ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c b\u1edfi Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>, b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecda l\u1ea1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> H\u00fd ti\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> \u00dd ph\u1eabn, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n<\/span> lu\u1eadn. C\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i trong kinh Ph\u1ea1m v\u00f5ng<\/span><\/i> (Brahmaj\u0101la<\/i>). Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa; bi\u1ec3t r\u00f5 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt n\u00eau s\u1ef1 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sa-m\u00f4n b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Sa-m\u00f4n C\u00f9-\u0111\u00e0m d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>, khi h\u1ecd ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> ph\u00e1p thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, khi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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16. Kinh Thi\u1ec7n sinh<\/span><\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

[P\u0101li: Si\u1e45g\u0101lasutta<\/i>, D 31] <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec7n Sinh<\/span> m\u1ed7i s\u00e1ng ra c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i<\/span> s\u00e1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Anh l\u00e0m theo l\u1eddi cha d\u1eb7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> g\u00ec. Ph\u1eadt b\u00e8n ch\u1ec9 cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> s\u00e1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng theo Th\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia<\/span>. N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft duy tr\u00ec<\/span> t\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng an l\u1ea1c<\/span>, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 tai h\u1ecda<\/span> s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y (a) tr\u00e1nh xa b\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u<\/span> \u00e1c: gi\u1ebft, tr\u1ed9m, t\u00e0 d\u00e2m<\/span>, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i<\/span>; (b) tr\u00e1nh b\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> x\u00fai l\u00e0m x\u1ea5u: do tham lam<\/span>, do s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>, do ngu si<\/span>, do s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>; (c) tr\u00e1nh s\u00e1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t<\/span> t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span>: 1. \u0111am m\u00ea<\/span> r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8, 2. c\u1edd b\u1ea1c, 3. ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3ng, 4. \u0111am m\u00ea<\/span> k\u1ef9 nh\u1ea1c<\/span>, 5. k\u1ebft b\u1ea1n<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c v\u00e0 6. bi\u1ebfng l\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong giao thi\u1ec7p<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i<\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> s\u00e1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9<\/span>, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam l\u00e0 s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00ea thi\u1ebfp, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 th\u00e2n th\u00edch<\/span>, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, sa-m\u00f4n, b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1edb. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5. Con gi\u1eef tr\u1ecdn ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 l\u00e0m con; cha m\u1eb9<\/span> c\u01b0 x\u1eed<\/span> tr\u1ecdn ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 cha m\u1eb9<\/span>. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u00e0n vi\u1ec7t<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sa-m\u00f4n, sa-m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0n vi\u1ec7t<\/span>. M\u1ed7i b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>, gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c<\/span>, th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, trong ph\u1ea7n k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span>, Kinh n\u00eau b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n nhi\u1ebfp s\u1ef1: b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, \u00e1i ng\u1eef<\/span>, l\u1ee3i h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1<\/span>, m\u00e0 H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a. K\u1ec7 n\u00f3i: \u0110\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n vi\u1ec7c, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ec7 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia<\/span> c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1<\/span> kh\u00e9o, si\u00eang n\u0103ng, bi\u1ebft qu\u00e2n ph\u00e2n chi thu; nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng hao h\u1ee5t, thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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17. Kinh Thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

[P\u0101li: P\u0101s\u0101dikasutta<\/i>, D 29] <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Sau m\u00f9a an c\u01b0<\/span>, Sa-di Ch\u00e2u-na (Cunda-sama\u1e47uddesa<\/i>) \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u th\u0103m A-nan, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> tranh ch\u1ea5p<\/span> n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> Ni-ki\u1ec1n t\u1eed (Niga\u1e47\u1e6dha N\u0101\u1e6daputta<\/i>) khi Th\u1ea7y v\u1eeba t\u1ea1 th\u1ebf<\/span>, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 trong kinh Ch\u00fang t\u1eadp (Sa\u1e47g\u012btisutta<\/i>, D 33)<\/i>. A-nan li\u1ec1n d\u1eabn Ch\u00e2u-na \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt, thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0y. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p hay chia r\u1ebd trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Kinh g\u1ed3m ba ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh: (I) Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt, (II) An l\u1ea1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>, (III) Di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span> t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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I. Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt: <\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

- Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt<\/span> ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span>. Quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>, trong \u0111\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> th\u1ee9 t\u01b0: ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o thuy\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> kh\u00e9o h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span>, gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

- \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span> ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1c<\/span> nh\u01b0ng di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> s\u1edbm, gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng. \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span> ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1c<\/span> ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> sau khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span> ph\u00e1p r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span>: gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span> (brahmacariya<\/i>). T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span> (brahmacariya\u1e43 parip\u016bra\u1e43<\/i>). C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span>: (a) \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span> danh ti\u1ebfng<\/span>; (b) h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span> l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span> ph\u00e1p r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span>; l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span>, c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span>, t\u1ef3 kheo ni<\/span>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nam n\u1eef<\/span> c\u01b0 s\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady; (c) \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t, \u201cth\u1ea5y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf hay th\u00eam cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd hay c\u1edb m\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span>: tri v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

II. An l\u1ea1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>:<\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft, c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 dung h\u00f2a<\/span> d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 tranh ch\u1ea5p<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span>, t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> s\u1ed1ng tri t\u00fac<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0103n, m\u1eb7c, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c thang; kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n<\/span> b\u1edfi ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c<\/span>. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> an l\u1ea1c<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt mong c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng an l\u1ea1c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> b\u1edfi ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c<\/span>, n\u0103m tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i<\/span>; l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa<\/span> do ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> b\u1ed1n thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c v\u00f4 l\u1eadu<\/span> do ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ed1n Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3<\/span>, l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c do \u00e1i t\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1edbi ch\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

III. Di\u1ec7t t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span>:<\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Sau h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span>. H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y s\u1edf ki\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai: k\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> t\u1ed1i s\u01a1, t\u01b0ong lai m\u1ea1t ki\u1ebfp<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> \u00edch l\u1ee3i<\/span> thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ly d\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y. Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00edch l\u1ee3i<\/span> thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span>, v\u00ec d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span>; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 14 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> v\u00f4 k\u00fd<\/span> thuy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i: th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng\u2026; th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n hay v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n\u2026, nh\u01b0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea<\/span> trong kinh. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

18. Kinh T\u1ef1 hoan h\u1ef7<\/span><\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

[P\u0101li: Samapas\u0101dan\u012byasutta<\/i>, D 28] <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

I. X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t s\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u1ed1ng<\/span>.<\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>: Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u1ecb lai<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sa-m\u00f4n, b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, th\u1ea7n t\u00fac<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh ngang v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt. Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u1ed1ng<\/span>. V\u00ec sao? <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

II. T\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> ph\u00e1p.<\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0<\/span> v\u1eady, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span> ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> m\u00e0 x\u00e1c t\u00edn nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>. Ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> (dhammanvaya<\/i>) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch<\/span> t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea<\/span> g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span>, theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p l\u00ean cao: ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> ph\u00e1p \u0111en, ph\u00e1p tr\u1eafng, hai ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb<\/span> nhau. Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span> c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: b\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span>, b\u1ed1n ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n<\/span>, b\u1ed1n th\u1ea7n t\u00fac<\/span>, b\u1ed1n thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, n\u0103m c\u0103n, n\u0103m l\u1ef1c<\/span>, b\u1ea3y gi\u00e1c chi<\/span>, t\u00e1m chi Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i<\/span> x\u1ee9. Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng vi di\u1ec7u<\/span>: b\u1ed1n nh\u1eadp thai<\/span>, b\u1ea3y gi\u00e1c chi<\/span>, b\u1ed1n th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh<\/span>, h\u00e0nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> ng\u00f4n thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed, th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa lu\u1eadn, qu\u00e1n tha t\u00e2m<\/span>, gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi, gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, t\u00fac m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ed<\/span>, thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n tr\u00ed<\/span>, th\u1ea7n t\u00fac th\u00f4ng<\/span>. Do c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p vi di\u1ec7u<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span> c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o thuy\u1ebft b\u1edfi Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

III. Ph\u1eadt \u1ea5n<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng<\/b>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi, X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>: Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> v\u1ecb lai<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb ngang b\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> v\u1ecb lai<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh. V\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft, v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb th\u1ecb gi\u1ea3<\/span> b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 \u01afu-\u0111\u00e0-di v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c thi\u1ec3u d\u1ee5c tri t\u00fac<\/span> n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt. Thi\u1ec3u d\u1ee5c tri t\u00fac<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh t\u1ef1<\/span> nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n hay t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span> \u00edt h\u01a1n. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

19. Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i<\/span><\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

[P\u0101li: Mah\u0101samayasutta<\/i>, D 20] <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Kinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, hay ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n li\u1ec7t k\u00ea<\/span> danh s\u00e1ch h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt hay sau \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1eadt tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Ca-t\u00ec-la-v\u1ec7, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 500 t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span>. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> T\u1ecbnh c\u01b0<\/span> hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn. Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span>, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>. Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean<\/span> th\u1ea7n di\u1ec7u<\/span>, t\u1ee9c ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> c\u00f3 uy l\u1ef1c<\/span> r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea1i<\/span> Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n tr\u00fa tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u00fai non, hang \u0111\u1ed9ng danh ti\u1ebfng<\/span> kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ea7n<\/span>. M\u1ed7i thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n<\/span> th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh d\u1eabn theo v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n<\/span>: c\u00e0n-th\u00e1t-b\u00e0, d\u1ea1-xoa, la-s\u00e1t, v.v\u2026 <\/span><\/p>\n

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D\u1ea5u \u1ea5n M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> trong b\u1ea3n P\u0101li t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1 m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t; nh\u01b0ng trong b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch th\u00ec r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nhau n\u01a1i m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Kinh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong Kinh, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb danh hi\u1ec7u<\/span> c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n<\/span>, c\u00e1c qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n<\/span>, nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0ng H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u00e0 phi\u00ean \u00e2m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> khi\u1ebfn Kinh n\u00e0y trong b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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20. Kinh A-ma-tr\u00fa<\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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[P\u0101li: Amba\u1e6d\u1e6dhasutta<\/i>, D 3] <\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Ph\u1ea5t-gi\u00e0-sa-la (Pokkharas\u0101ti) hay tin<\/span> Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ee5 trong \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u00f4ng c\u0169ng nghe \u0111\u1ed3n<\/span> r\u1eb1ng Sa-m\u00f4n C\u00f9-\u0111\u00e0m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n<\/span>; m\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u00ec r\u1ea5t r\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 khoa t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. Theo khoa n\u00e0y n\u00f3i, ai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u00e2n, n\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i gia<\/span> s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n<\/span> th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2u thi\u00ean h\u1ea1<\/span>; n\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i gi\u00e1c<\/span>. \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng th\u1eadt<\/span> l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3n n\u00e0y, n\u00ean sai \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> l\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean A-ma-tr\u00fa, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y k\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 khoa t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn<\/span> xem l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Khi \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt, A-ma-tr\u00fa t\u1ef1 cao v\u1ec1 huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>, t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 s\u1edf h\u1ecdc, n\u00ean t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> khinh m\u1ea1n v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u1eadt b\u00e8n n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng<\/span> v\u1edbi A-ma-tr\u00fa l\u00e0 anh ch\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span>. T\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn v\u00ec b\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span>, thanh ni\u00ean n\u00e0y bu\u00f4ng l\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c<\/span> Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd<\/span> Th\u00edch. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1eadt b\u00e8n h\u1ecfi anh thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd<\/span> n\u00e0o. Anh n\u00f3i, d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd<\/span> Thanh v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ph\u1eadt li\u1ec1n d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> g\u1ed1c t\u00edch cho bi\u1ebft<\/span>, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a A-ma-tr\u00fa nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1eef t\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eed h\u1ecd Th\u00edch<\/span> th\u1eddi x\u01b0a<\/span>. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o<\/span> A-ma-tr\u00fa x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng anh ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> th\u1ea7n Kim cang L\u1ef1c<\/span> s\u1ef9 \u0111ang c\u1ea7m ch\u00e0y s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9ng ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u. Ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3, anh x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd<\/span> anh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho A-ma-tr\u00fa m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft kh\u00ed ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1edbi A-ma-tr\u00fa v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t<\/span> trong c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y, A-ma-tr\u00fa t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn thu\u1ed9c giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n l\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eed h\u1ecd Th\u00edch<\/span>, thu\u1ed9c giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> s\u00e1t-l\u1ecb, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span> m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef s\u00e1t-l\u1ecb l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, con trai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i<\/span> b\u00ean s\u00e1t-l\u1ecb. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u1eef b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n g\u00e3 cho nam s\u00e1t-l\u1ecb, con trai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n b\u00ean m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n<\/span>, giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> s\u00e1t-l\u1ecb \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t<\/span> h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng, Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i th\u1ebf gian<\/span> y c\u1ee9<\/span> ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span> n\u00ean s\u00e1t-l\u1ecb l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t; duy ch\u1ec9 ai \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 Minh v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span> tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/span><\/p>\n

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A-ma-tr\u00fa li\u1ec1n h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> Minh H\u00e0nh<\/span> n\u00e0y. Ph\u1eadt d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> Minh v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7n nam t\u1eed<\/span> ch\u00ed t\u00edn x\u1ea3 t\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> gi\u1edbi, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> c\u0103n lu\u1eadt nghi<\/span>, s\u1ed1ng tri t\u00fac<\/span>, tu t\u1eadp<\/span> ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> ch\u00ednh tri, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb n\u0103m tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i<\/span>, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1eafng tr\u00ed: th\u1ea7n t\u00fac th\u00f4ng<\/span>, thi\u00ean nh\u0129 th\u00f4ng<\/span>, tha t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>, t\u00fac m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ed<\/span>, sinh t\u1eed<\/span> tr\u00ed, l\u1eadu t\u1eadn tr\u00ed<\/span>: \u201csinh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t, ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eefng, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/span> n\u1eefa.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> Minh H\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> h\u01a1n. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n s\u1ef9 s\u1ed1ng trong r\u1eebng s\u00e2u, \u0103n c\u1ee7, \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y r\u1eebng; ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5t am tranh<\/span> th\u1edd l\u1eeda, s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n th\u00f4n x\u00f3m, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>; nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1i th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Minh H\u00e0nh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> Minh H\u00e0nh<\/span>. Ngay c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2 A-ma-tr\u00fa v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ng\u00f4ng cu\u1ed3ng ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 s\u1edf tri<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng Sa-m\u00f4n Th\u00edch t\u1eed<\/span> cho l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1eadt n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c Ti\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb so\u1ea1n t\u1eadp c\u00e1c kinh th\u01a1, c\u00e1c t\u00e1n t\u1ee5ng<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> Ti\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> l\u00ean Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ecfng theo l\u1eddi c\u00e1c Ti\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ed5 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> Ti\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>. C\u00e1c b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n nay mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc theo Thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1ng xa hoa<\/span> trong c\u00e1c dinh th\u1ef1<\/span> m\u00e0 mong tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> nh\u01b0 Ti\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n<\/span> thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a vua Ba-t\u01b0-n\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe l\u1ecfm \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vua Ba-t\u01b0-n\u1eb7c. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean A-ma-tr\u00fa, ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>, ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c<\/span>; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o<\/span>, th\u00f4i, b\u1ecf qua chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 h\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> anh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1p. Sau khi quan s\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o<\/span> n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt, A-ma-tr\u00fa c\u00e1o t\u1eeb<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea5t-gi\u00e0-sa-la \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u1edd s\u1eb5n h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 n\u01a1i c\u1eeda. \u00d4ng b\u1ea3o A-ma-tr\u00fa t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i ki\u1ebfn<\/span>. Nghe xong, \u00f4ng n\u1ed5i c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea1p A-ma-tr\u00fa t\u00e9 ng\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 th\u00f4ng minh<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i b\u00eau x\u1ea5u<\/span> \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>. R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111i g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt. T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh quan s\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sinh t\u00edn t\u00e2m<\/span>, th\u1ec9nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 T\u0103ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c. <\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u00f4m sau, Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang T\u1ef3-kheo \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea5t-gi\u00e0-sa-la nh\u1eadn trai T\u0103ng<\/span> c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. \u0102n xong, Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span> ph\u00e1p cho \u00f4ng nghe. Sau th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p, Ph\u1ea5t-sa-gi\u00e0-la li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eafc S\u01a1 qu\u1ea3<\/span>. \u00d4ng ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> quy y Tam b\u1ea3o<\/span>, th\u1ecd tr\u00ec<\/span> n\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span> l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0u-b\u00e0-t\u1eafc. <\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y sau, Ph\u1ea5t-gi\u00e0-sa-la ph\u00e1t b\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t. Ph\u1eadt th\u1ecd<\/span> k\u00fd, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3<\/span> B\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n<\/span>, t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> l\u00ean T\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u01a1i n\u00e0y n\u1eefa. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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21. Kinh Ph\u1ea1m v\u00f5ng<\/span><\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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[P\u0101li: Brahmaj\u0101lasutta<\/i>, D 1] <\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u00f3 hai th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2 Ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed<\/span>, nh\u00f3m tu ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> (paribb\u0101jaka<\/i>: ph\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>, du s\u1ef9 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>) l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n Ni\u1ec7m (Suppiya) v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m-ma-\u0111\u1ea1t (Brahmadatta) \u0111i theo<\/span> sau Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u00fac th\u00f4n. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ea bai Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch; m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ee3i khen<\/span> Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch. <\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0y. Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng hoan h\u1ef7<\/span> khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u01b0u s\u1ea7u<\/span> khi b\u1ecb ch\u00ea bai. S\u1ef1 khen ch\u00ea c\u1ee7a hai th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2 kia ch\u1ec9 do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> b\u1edfi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ki\u1ebfn<\/span> gi\u1ea3i, t\u01b0 duy<\/span>, th\u00e2n c\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu<\/span> t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span> Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span>. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 k\u1ebb tr\u00ed m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u<\/span> h\u01a1n. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span>, Kinh g\u1ed3m hai ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea7n I<\/b>: T\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span> v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong kinh A-ma-tr\u00fa (Amba\u1e6d\u1e6dhasutta<\/i>, D 3), nh\u01b0ng v\u0103n d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> ba \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf: (a) nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>; (b) sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> \u00e1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>, t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t g\u00e2y ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o; (c) sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng<\/span>, l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e0 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 m\u01b0u sinh.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea7n II<\/b>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a kinh. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00eau ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sinh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> trong 62 lo\u1ea1i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cL\u1ee5c th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb<\/span> ki\u1ebfn\u201d. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft<\/span> n\u00e0y y c\u1ee9<\/span> tr\u00ean hai ph\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian<\/span>: y c\u1ee9<\/span> t\u1ed1i s\u01a1, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfp b\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn<\/span>, li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 y c\u1ee9<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u1ea1t ki\u1ebfp<\/span>, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ea1t ki\u1ebfp m\u1ea1t ki\u1ebfn<\/span>. T\u1eeb hai y c\u1ee9<\/span> n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> 62 lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau: <\/span><\/p>\n

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i. B\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfp b\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn<\/span><\/b> (pubbantakappik\u0101<\/i>), t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u00f3 18 lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft<\/span>: <\/span><\/p>\n

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- 4 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa lu\u1eadn<\/i><\/b> (sassatav\u0101da<\/i>), ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>, b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/span>. Ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u, y v\u00e0o m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i; tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, y v\u00e0o suy l\u00fd<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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- 4 b\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa lu\u1eadn<\/i><\/b> (ekaccasassatav\u0101da<\/i>), b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa, ch\u1ecbu bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch<\/span>. T\u1ee9c duy ch\u1ec9 Brahman (Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>) l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/span>, ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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-\u00a04 h\u1eefu bi\u00ean v\u00f4 bi\u00ean lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/i><\/b> (ant\u0101nantav\u0101da<\/i>), t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> l\u00e0 h\u1eefu bi\u00ean<\/span> (h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n), v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span> (v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n) v\u00e0 v\u1eeba h\u1eefu v\u1eeba v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span> (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span>, b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span>). Ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> n\u00e0y y v\u00e0o m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i; tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 y v\u00e0o suy l\u00fd<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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- 4 ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/b> (anar\u0101vikkhepav\u0101da). <\/span><\/p>\n

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- 2 v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n<\/span> lu\u1eadn<\/i><\/b> hay ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/span> lu\u1eadn<\/i><\/b> (adhicca-samuppannav\u0101da<\/i>), th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y do ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng b\u1edfi nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1eeb h\u01b0 v\u00f4<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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ii. M\u1ea1t ki\u1ebfp m\u1ea1t ki\u1ebfn<\/span><\/b> (aparantakappik\u0101<\/i>), bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> 44 lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft<\/span>: <\/span><\/p>\n

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- 16 h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/i><\/b> (sa\u00f1\u00f1\u012bv\u0101da<\/i>): \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 s\u1eafc (h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh<\/span>), ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng s\u1eafc<\/span> (v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh), c\u00f3 bi\u00ean (h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n), hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u00ean (v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n), thu\u1ea7n l\u1ea1c, hay thu\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5, t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 hay t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, v.v\u2026 <\/span><\/p>\n

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- 8 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/i><\/b> (asa\u00f1\u00f1\u012bv\u0101da<\/i>), \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/span> c\u00f3 s\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng, v.v\u2026 <\/span><\/p>\n

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- 8 phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> lu\u1eadn<\/i><\/b> (nevasa\u00f1\u00f1\u012bn\u0101sa\u00f1\u00f1\u012bv\u0101da<\/i>), \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng, v.v\u2026 <\/span><\/p>\n

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- 7 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn<\/span> <\/b>(ucchedav\u0101da), <\/span><\/p>\n

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- 5 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn<\/i><\/b> (di\u1e6d\u1e6dhadhammanibb\u0101nav\u0101da<\/i>), n\u0103m d\u1ee5c<\/span> l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> T\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p<\/span> \u1ea5y: c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u00eam n\u00e0y t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>. Do c\u0103n, c\u1ea3nh, th\u1ee9c, ba s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p sinh th\u1ecd. Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 duy\u00ean cho \u00e1i; \u00e1i l\u00e0 duy\u00ean cho th\u1ee7, th\u1ee7 duy\u00ean h\u1eefu\u2026 cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>, t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi<\/span> thu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5<\/span> t\u1ee5. \u201cN\u1ebfu T\u1ef3-kheo bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u x\u00fac<\/span>, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn, v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt, tai h\u1ecda<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t ly<\/span> c\u1ee7a x\u00fac, T\u1ef3-kheo \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span>, v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn \u1ea5y.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

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Do th\u00e2u t\u00f3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p<\/span>, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e0i t\u00f3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1 trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1edbi, Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m v\u00f5ng<\/span><\/i>, \u201cl\u01b0\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean\u201d. B\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/i>, nghi l\u00e0 do \u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 trong truy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3n: Brahmaj\u0101la (Ph\u1ea1m v\u00f5ng<\/span>) \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh Brahmac\u0101la (Ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9ng). B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Lu\u1eadt T\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/i> c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi Kinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/i>. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m<\/i> v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt T\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span>, c\u00e1ch nhau<\/span> v\u00e0i n\u0103m, trong ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Ho\u1eb3ng th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1eddi H\u1eadu T\u1ea7n. V\u1eady n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> do nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn sao ch\u00e9p, hay \u0111\u1ecdc sai \u00e2m g\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Kinh n\u00e0y trong ph\u00e1i \u0110\u00e0m-v\u00f4-\u0111\u1ee9c (Dharmagupta) \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 T 21, hay m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m v\u00f5ng<\/span><\/i>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Kinh c\u0169ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed9ng, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9ng, Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, Ma \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/i> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 v\u00f5ng<\/i> (l\u01b0\u1edbi). <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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22. Kinh Ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span><\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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[P\u0101li: So\u1e47ada\u1e47\u1e0dasutta<\/i>, D 4] <\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Ch\u1ee7ng \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span> (So\u1e47ada\u1e47\u1e0da) \u0111ang t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n<\/span>, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ec5<\/span> hi\u1ebfn hy c\u00fang t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>. T\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n<\/span> n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m<\/span>. Khi hay tin<\/span> Ph\u1eadt du h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn tham kh\u1ea3o<\/span> nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n<\/span> n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span> th\u00edch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, m\u00e0 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> xa x\u01b0a. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n<\/span> l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i an c\u01b0 l\u1ea1c nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/span> kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span>: c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i bu\u00f4n, c\u1ea5p b\u00f2, b\u00ea, th\u00f3c gi\u1ed1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng; t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> cho d\u00e2n chuy\u00ean tu<\/span> ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u binh m\u1ea1nh, vua t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u t\u01b0 c\u1ee5: <\/span><\/p>\n

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1. B\u1ed1n t\u01b0 tr\u1ee3: vua truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecbch b\u1ed1 c\u00e1o cho b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> tham gia<\/span>, bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> n\u1ed9i cung<\/span>, th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>, qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n, t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef9. N\u00f3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>, bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> ho\u00e0ng th\u00e2n<\/span>, tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n, t\u0103ng l\u1eef<\/span>, v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. <\/span><\/p>\n

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2. T\u00e1m th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3, t\u1eeb huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> tri th\u1ee9c<\/span>, v\u00f5 ngh\u1ec7\u2026 <\/span><\/p>\n

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3. B\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n, t\u1ee9c quan t\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a vua c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>, bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng, h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c<\/span>, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3c. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1eed h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ebf, v\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u khai gi\u1ea3i<\/span>. Trong khi t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n<\/span> di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn<\/span>, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn xin b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, vua c\u1ea7n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y h\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> hay m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1<\/span> hay m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn tham d\u1ef1<\/span> trong l\u00fac c\u1eed h\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n<\/span>. Ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span>, v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 vua kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span> t\u00e2m h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc<\/span> v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ba h\u1ed1i t\u00e2m<\/span>. T\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n t\u01b0 tr\u1ee3 m\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecbch b\u1ed1 c\u00e1o cho bi\u1ebft<\/span>. M\u1ed7i t\u01b0 tr\u1ee3 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i b\u1ed1n c\u1ed5ng kinh th\u00e0nh. <\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n<\/span> c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>, mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span>, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft b\u00f2, d\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>; ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng b\u01a1, s\u1eefa, d\u1ea7u m\u00e8, m\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111en, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00eda. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Sau khi nghe Ph\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft<\/span>, C\u1ee9u-la-\u0111\u00e0n-\u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ea7m ng\u00e2m<\/span> suy ngh\u0129<\/span>. V\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tham d\u1ef1<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n<\/span> h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i \u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span> n\u00e0y v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span>, qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt<\/span>, qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. <\/span><\/p>\n

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R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng h\u1ecfi, c\u00f3 nghe t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o<\/span> h\u01a1n th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng? Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f3. V\u00e0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p l\u00ean cao, t\u1eeb b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> cho T\u0103ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp<\/span>, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eafc b\u1ed1n thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, c\u00e1c th\u1eafng tr\u00ed, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> ba minh, l\u1eadu t\u1eadn<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, l\u00e0 t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n<\/span> \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m<\/span> nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cao nh\u1ea5t. Chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong kinh A-ma-tr\u00fa<\/i> (Amba\u1e6d\u1e6dhasutta<\/i>, D 3). <\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u1ee9u-la-\u0111\u00e0n-\u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t hoan h\u1ef7<\/span>, ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> t\u00edn t\u00e2m<\/span>, th\u1ec9nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 T\u1ef3-kheo T\u0103ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u00f4m sau, Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang T\u0103ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn trai t\u0103ng<\/span> c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. Sau khi \u0103n xong, Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span> ph\u00e1p. B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n sau khi nghe ph\u00e1p<\/span> li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eafc s\u01a1 qu\u1ea3<\/span>, ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m<\/span> quy y<\/span>, th\u1ecd tr\u00ec<\/span> n\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y sau, C\u1ee9u-la-\u0111\u00e0n-\u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ea5t. Ph\u1eadt th\u1ecd<\/span> k\u00fd, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3<\/span> B\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n<\/span>, t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> l\u00ean T\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u00a0t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u01a1i n\u00e0y n\u1eefa. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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23. Kinh Ki\u00ean c\u1ed1<\/span><\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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[P\u0101li: Keva\u1e6d\u1e6dasutta<\/i>, D 11] <\/span><\/p>\n

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Kinh n\u00e0y Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i r\u00f5 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span>. C\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/span> gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7<\/span> hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span>, l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1<\/span>. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u<\/span> Ph\u1eadt th\u1ecb<\/span> hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span>, l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ec5 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. V\u1ecb C\u01b0<\/span> s\u1ef9 Ki\u00ean C\u1ed1<\/span> (Keva\u1e6d\u1e6da\/ Kevaddha) trong Kinh th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 n\u00eau l\u00ean ba lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span>, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ba th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> (t\u012b\u1e47i p\u0101\u1e6dih\u0101rriy\u0101ni<\/i>), t\u1ee9c ba s\u1ef1 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n<\/span> l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh ng\u1ea1c<\/span>, th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3: (a) Th\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn<\/span> th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> (iddhip\u0101\u1e6dih\u0101riya<\/i>), l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span> bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u00e0nh<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n, \u0111i trong h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 chim, \u0111i xuy\u00ean qua<\/span> v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1\u2026 (b) K\u00fd t\u00e2m th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> (\u0101desan\u0101p\u0101\u1e6dih\u0101riya<\/i>), \u0111\u1ecdc r\u00f5 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ngh\u0129 g\u00ec. (c) Gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> (anus\u0101san\u012bp\u0101\u1e6dih\u0101riya<\/i>), gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span>, d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u1ed1t, bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebb hung \u00e1c th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n. Trong ba lo\u1ea1i, Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a<\/span> th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span> ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1<\/span> k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/span> nh\u1ea5t. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1eadt k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t T\u1ef3-kheo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u00e0y khi di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn th\u00ec tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> \u0111\u00e2u. \u00d4ng v\u1eadn th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00ean h\u1ecfi ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecb n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>. \u00d4ng l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> l\u00ean cung tr\u1eddi cao h\u01a1n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span>. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi, Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>: \u201cTa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m<\/span>, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng V\u00f4 N\u0103ng Th\u1eafng<\/span>, th\u1ed1ng l\u00e3nh m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, ph\u00fa qu\u00fd, t\u00f4n qu\u00fd, h\u00e0o qu\u00fd, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/span>, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt<\/span>, l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>.\u201d T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> To\u00e0n n\u0103ng<\/span>, To\u00e0n tr\u00ed<\/span>. V\u1ecb T\u1ef3-kheo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/span> tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> \u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> th\u00fa nh\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> K\u00ec vi\u00ean<\/span> h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt. <\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u1ef3-kheo n\u00e0y tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> K\u00ec vi\u00ean<\/span> h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u1eadt k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n, nh\u01b0 con chim c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 ra t\u00ecm b\u1edd. N\u1ebfu t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> b\u1edd, n\u00f3 \u0111i lu\u00f4n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u1ea5y b\u1edd, n\u00f3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> thuy\u1ec1n. T\u1ef3-kheo n\u00e0y c\u0169ng v\u1eady, \u0111i su\u1ed1t m\u1ea5y c\u00f5i, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra<\/span> gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p<\/span> m\u1edbi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span> trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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25. Kinh L\u00f5a h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed<\/span><\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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[P\u0101li: Kassapas\u012bhan\u0101dasutta<\/i>, D 8] <\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>, tu theo h\u1ea1nh l\u00f5a th\u1ec3, g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/span> c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng? <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/span> hay t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span>, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, do \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c<\/span>, c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> t\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c. Trong \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0o m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>; v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> t\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa T\u00f4ng s\u01b0<\/span> v\u1edbi T\u00f4ng s\u01b0<\/span>, gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3o \u0111\u00fang, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00edch, t\u1ee9c y c\u1ee9<\/span> tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span>, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y gi\u00e1c chi<\/span>, t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> x\u1ea3. Trong b\u1ea3n P\u0101li t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00e1m chi. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Tuy th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1p \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng Ca-di\u1ebfp v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, t\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n<\/span> ch\u00ednh. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> trong Kinh T\u00e1n-\u0111\u00e0-na<\/i> (Udumbarikasutta<\/i>, D 25). <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh \u1ea5y ngay \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span> n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3<\/span> th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh<\/span> ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ca-di\u1ebfp h\u1ecfi gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec, Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong kinh A-ma-tr\u00fa<\/i> (Amba\u1e6d\u1e6dhasutta<\/i>, D 3). Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, an l\u1ea1c<\/span> ngay trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. B\u1ea3n P\u0101li n\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n: T\u1ef3-kheo tu t\u1eeb t\u00e2m<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng nhu\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i, l\u1eadu t\u1eadn<\/span>, t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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D\u00f9 v\u1eady, Ca-di\u1ebfp v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f3 h\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f3 bi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Sa-m\u00f4n. Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i theo nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gia, N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u1edf tru\u1ed3ng, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n, v.v., m\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span> kh\u00f3 h\u00e0nh, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft. Bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i<\/span>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh<\/span> gi\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh \u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhu\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng nhu\u1ebf, h\u1ea1i hay kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i. T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span>, duy ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> gi\u1edbi, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u1eafc tam minh<\/span>, ch\u1ee9ng l\u1eadu t\u1eadn tr\u00ed<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh. M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, khi Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ee5 trong hang Th\u1ea5t di\u1ec7p<\/span> Cao s\u01a1n, th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e1<\/span>, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh cho ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed<\/span> Ni-c\u00e2u-\u0111\u00e0 nh\u01b0 trong kinh T\u00e1n-\u0111\u00e0-na<\/i> (Udumbarikasutta<\/i>, D 25). <\/span><\/p>\n

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S\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u1ed1ng<\/span>, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng do d\u1ef1<\/span> s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u00fang h\u1ed9i<\/span> n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng ai nghe Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u sinh t\u00edn t\u00e2m<\/span>, tu t\u1eadp<\/span> theo, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span> ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00f4 d\u01b0<\/span> Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Sau th\u1eddi lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p, L\u00f5a h\u00ecnh Ca-di\u1ebfp ph\u00e1t sinh t\u00edn t\u00e2m<\/span>, c\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>, th\u1ecd c\u1ee5<\/span> t\u00fac. M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> sau, do tinh c\u1ea7n<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span>, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3<\/span> A-la-h\u00e1n. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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26. Kinh Tam minh<\/span><\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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[P\u0101li: Tevijjasutta<\/i>, D 13] <\/span><\/p>\n

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Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch T\u00f4n, kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n<\/span> ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi ba b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 trong H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tam minh<\/span> (tevijj\u0101<\/i>). \u0110ay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tam minh<\/span> trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n. Kinh n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tam minh<\/span><\/i>, ch\u1ec9 cho ba V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0, v\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, l\u00e0 sinh l\u00ean Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/span>, c\u1ed9ng tr\u00fa v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span> (Brahman<\/i>). Thuy\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng tr\u00fa Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span> v\u1ec1 sau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0n-\u0111\u00e0 (Ved\u0101nta<\/i>) v\u00e0 Di-man-t\u00e1t (Mim\u0101\u1e43s\u0101<\/i>). <\/span><\/p>\n

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Kinh Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span>. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> trong v\u00f2ng<\/span> l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> sinh t\u1eed<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t sinh t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u00f5 trong kinh Ph\u1ea1m v\u00f5ng<\/span><\/i>Brahmaj\u0101lasutta<\/i>, D 1). <\/span> (<\/p>\n

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B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 hai thanh ni\u00ean b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n l\u00e0 B\u00e0-t\u1ea5t-tra (V\u0101se\u1e6d\u1e6dha) v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea3-la-\u0111\u1ecda (Bh\u0101radv\u0101ja) tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> v\u1ec1 con con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> n\u00e0o ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span> d\u1eabn l\u00ean Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>, theo B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Ph\u1ea5t-gi\u00e0-sa-la (Pokkharav\u0101ti) hay \u0110a-x\u00e1-l\u00ea (T\u0101rukkha). M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7<\/span> quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn tham kh\u1ea3o<\/span> Ph\u1eadt. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft<\/span> l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u1ef9 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ed5, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t<\/span> v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ed9ng tr\u00fa Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span>; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb C\u1ed5 Ti\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a ai th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span>, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tinh th\u00f4ng<\/span> Tam minh<\/span>, so\u1ea1n c\u00e1c th\u1ecb t\u1ee5ng t\u00e1n ca<\/span>, t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec3n V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 trong Kinh Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn<\/span> Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n<\/span> B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00eau l\u00ean ba th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft<\/span> t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edfng. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n m\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o, d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd<\/span>, gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>, x\u1ee9 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, th\u00ec anh ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec c\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt \u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u01b0 d\u1ed1i<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eafc thang mu\u1ed1n leo l\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> m\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111ang leo l\u00ean nh\u00e0 tr\u00ean; nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00ean Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> th\u00ec c\u0169ng v\u1eady. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u1ee9 ba, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n qua s\u00f4ng A-di-la; \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean n\u00e0y m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi b\u1edd, th\u00ec b\u1edd kia kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1p l\u1ea1i b\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u01b0\u1edbc qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u1eeb phi<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> l\u00e0m b\u00e8. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u1edbi ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c<\/span> m\u00e0 mong sinh Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi hai thanh ni\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh n\u01a1i Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span>, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n sinh l\u00ean Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>. Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 san t\u00e2m, h\u1eadn t\u00e2m, h\u1ea1i t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng \u00f4m gi\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i<\/span>, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/span>. V\u1eady, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span>, h\u1eadn t\u00e2m, h\u1ea1i t\u00e2m, c\u00f2n gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/span>, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng tr\u00fa v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span>. V\u00ec b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh<\/span> b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh thuy\u1ebft Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Hai thanh ni\u00ean b\u00e8n h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span> d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span>. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt n\u00eau th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh sinh t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbn; n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn<\/span> r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sai l\u1ea1c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> c\u0169ng v\u1eady. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> l\u00ean Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span>, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span>. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean? Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> b\u1ed1n Ph\u1ea1m tr\u1ee5 (Brahmavih\u0101ra): t\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ef7, x\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu ai th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> b\u1ed1n v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m<\/span> n\u00e0y, sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span> ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> l\u00ean Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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27. Kinh Sa-m\u00f4n qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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[P\u0101li: Sam\u00f1\u00f1aphalasutta<\/i>, D 2] <\/span><\/p>\n

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A-x\u00e0-th\u1ebf (Aj\u0101tasattu) tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y nghe l\u1eddi<\/span> x\u00fai d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ec1-b\u00e0-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a (Devadatta) \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft cha \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1edbp ng\u00f4i. <\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam r\u1eb1m, tr\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb9p,vua ng\u1ef1 l\u00ean l\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n, th\u1ec3 n\u1eef. C\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng<\/span>, vua h\u1ecfi t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu<\/span> qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00eam tr\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y. T\u00f9y theo<\/span> s\u1edf th\u00edch<\/span> m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng<\/span> v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng s\u01b0<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e1 th\u00e0nh<\/span>, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u1ee5c S\u01b0<\/span>. Vua im l\u1eb7ng<\/span>. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, y s\u1ef9 K\u00ec-b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111ang ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn Xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Vua nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi. <\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u1edbi \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng<\/span> h\u1ed9 gi\u00e1, voi ng\u1ef1a, r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9<\/span> k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1eddn Xo\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u1eddn kh\u00f4ng xa, A-x\u00e0-th\u1ebf b\u1ed7ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> kinh s\u1ee3, l\u00f4ng t\u00f3c d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. Y S\u1ef9 K\u00ec-b\u00e0 tr\u1ea5n an vua, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u00e3y ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi<\/span>, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>. A-x\u00e0-th\u1ebf kinh s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 kinh ng\u1ea1c<\/span> v\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 T\u1ef3-kheo \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong khu v\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 khu v\u01b0\u1eddn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> im l\u1eb7ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng? <\/span><\/p>\n

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Vua b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ed3i gi\u1eefa, ch\u00fang T\u1ef3-kheo v\u00e2y quanh. Nh\u00ecn khung c\u1ea3nh y\u00ean t\u0129nh, vua ch\u1ee3t c\u1ea3m th\u00e1n: \u201cMong sao th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span> \u01afu-\u0111\u00e0-di c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi xong, A-x\u00e0-th\u1ebf h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt: M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee9c nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a sa-m\u00f4n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? <\/span><\/p>\n

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Vua n\u00f3i,\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y v\u1edbi L\u1ee5c S\u01b0<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng<\/span>. R\u1ed3i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n h\u1ed9i ki\u1ebfn<\/span> \u1ea5y, v\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u00f3m L\u1ee5c S\u01b0<\/span> g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span>: <\/span><\/p>\n

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1. Ph\u1ea5t-lan Ca di\u1ebfp<\/span> (P\u016bra\u1e47a-kassapa), v\u1edb ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft<\/span> phi nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> hay v\u00f4 t\u00e1c<\/span> (akiriyav\u0101da<\/i>), h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o<\/span> \u1ee9ng g\u00ec. <\/span><\/p>\n

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2. M\u1ea1t-gi\u00e0-l\u00ea C\u00e2u-x\u00e1-l\u1ecb (Makkhali-Gos\u0101la), ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn<\/span> (ucchedav\u0101da<\/i>), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> c\u00e1c th\u1ee9. Nh\u01b0ng theo b\u1ea3n P\u0101li, \u0111o\u1ea1n thu\u1eadt trong H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ajita Kesakambali. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Makkhali Gos\u0101la l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a (sa\u1e43s\u0101rasuddhi<\/i>). <\/span><\/p>\n

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3. A-k\u00ec-\u0111a S\u00ed-x\u00e1-kh\u00e2m-b\u00e0-la XE “A-ky\u00f8-\u00f1a S\u00ed-xa\u00f9-kha\u00e2m-ba\u00f8-la” (Ajita-Kesakambala), ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn<\/span> (ucchedav\u0101da<\/i>). <\/span><\/p>\n

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4. B\u00e0-ph\u00f9-\u0111\u00e0 Gi\u00e0-chi\u00ean-na (Pakudha- Kacc\u0101yana), m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng theo Pali thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> (aviparri\u1e47ama<\/i>), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ecb t\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0ng trong H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Makkhali Gos\u0101la \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadt trong P\u0101li. <\/span><\/p>\n

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5. T\u00e1n-nh\u00e3-di T\u00ec-la-l\u00ea-ph\u1ea5t XE “Ta\u00f9n-nha\u00f5-di Ty\u00f8-la-le\u00e2-pha\u00e1t” (Sa\u00f1jaya Bala\u1e6d\u1e6dhiputta), theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span>, ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span> (amar\u0101vikkhepika<\/i>), tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1eddn. <\/span><\/p>\n

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6. Ni-ki\u1ec1n Th\u00e2n T\u1eed (Niga\u1e47\u1e6dha-N\u0101ta-putta), theo b\u1ea3n P\u0101li, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 (c\u0101tuy\u0101masa\u1e43varasa\u1e43vuto<\/i>), nh\u01b0ng trong H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span> tr\u00ed\u201d th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Sau c\u00f9ng, A-x\u00e0-th\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt: k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a sa-m\u00f4n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? <\/span><\/p>\n

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Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, Ph\u1eadt n\u00eau hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>: m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 t\u00ec<\/span> c\u1ee7a vua, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 do<\/span> kh\u00e1c; khi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, vua v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia l\u00e0 n\u00f4 t\u00ec<\/span> v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh hay kh\u00f4ng? Vua \u0111\u00e1p: Kh\u00f4ng; m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span> ph\u1ea3i k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng<\/span> h\u1ecd. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a sa-m\u00f4n. Nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y dung t\u1ee5c. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi di\u1ec7u<\/span> h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? B\u1ea3n P\u0101li t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft<\/span>, t\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf<\/span>, thi\u1ec7n gia nam t\u1eed ph\u00e1t t\u00edn t\u00e2m<\/span> xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> gi\u1edbi, c\u0103n lu\u1eadt nghi<\/span>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng l\u1eadu t\u1eadn tr\u00ed<\/span>. Chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch trong kinh A-ma-tr\u00fa. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong v\u00e0i ba d\u00f2ng. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Sau th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p, A-x\u00e0-th\u1ebf t\u1ec9nh ng\u1ed9<\/span>, t\u1ecf b\u00e0y<\/span> s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> b\u1ea1o ngh\u1ecbch gi\u1ebft cha tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m<\/span> quy y Tam b\u1ea3o<\/span>, th\u1ecd tr\u00ec<\/span> n\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span>, th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0u-b\u00e0-t\u1eafc, r\u1ed3i th\u1ec9nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 T\u0103ng v\u00e0o v\u01b0\u01a1ng cung \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Khi A-x\u00e0-th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i r\u1ed3i, Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, n\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia vua kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft cha th\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc S\u01a1 qu\u1ea3<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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28. Kinh B\u1ed1-tra-b\u00e0-l\u00e2u<\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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[P\u0101li: Po\u1e6d\u1e6dhap\u0101dasutta<\/i>, D 9] <\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>, Ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed<\/span> B\u1ed1-tra-b\u00e0-l\u00e2u (Po\u1e6d\u1e6dhap\u0101da) thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt nghe v\u1ec1 tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1eeba x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed<\/span>: nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edfng sinh v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edfng di\u1ec7t. T\u01b0\u1edfng (sa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101<\/i>) \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n<\/span> trong n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>, l\u00e0 s\u1edf y<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy<\/span>. T\u1eeb v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edfng, li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. T\u1eeb v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u1ecb th\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ba \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Kinh. <\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edfng, Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 duy\u00ean cho t\u01b0\u1edfng sinh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng di\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i y c\u1ee9<\/span> tr\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb t\u00e1n t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m<\/span> qua c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> di\u1ec7t trong t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> n\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> di\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u1ee9c \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng v\u00ec nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 trong c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc n\u00e0o. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u1eadp t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd di\u1ec7t, b\u1ea5y g\u00ec\u01a1 tuy v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, t\u01b0\u1edfng li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e3. Do b\u1edfi<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edfng sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span> theo c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf, c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 hay v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, m\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u0169ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng theo. C\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3; ho\u1eb7c th\u00e2n D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi thi\u00ean<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c S\u1eafc, V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span> thi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edfng sinh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng di\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng do t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t, s\u1edf th\u00edch<\/span> d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng Ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed<\/span> nh\u01b0 B\u1ed1-tra-b\u00e0-l\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edfng sinh t\u01b0\u1edfng di\u1ec7t. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Do c\u0103n c\u01a1<\/span> hay thi\u00ean t\u00ednh<\/span> sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u hay kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>, cho n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span> ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Kinh. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> ng\u00e3 hay v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> m\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u00fd do<\/span> th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n v\u00f4 k\u00fd<\/span>, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng hay<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n hay v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t d\u1ecb<\/span> bi\u1ec7t th\u00e2n<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu<\/span> nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 sau n\u00e0y. Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch<\/span> Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> th\u1eb3ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n<\/span> v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, Ph\u1eadt kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ec9 k\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1eefu \u00edch, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span> h\u1eefu l\u1eadu<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u00e2n khi B\u1ed1-tra-b\u00e0-l\u00e2u thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt n\u00eau l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>: c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u01b0 d\u1ed1i? Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng hay<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/span> thu\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5 hay thu\u1ea7n l\u1ea1c; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng khoe m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng gian<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span> \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng, t\u1eeb tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u00e0y m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>. Tr\u1eeb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p l\u00ean cao, nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edfng sinh t\u01b0\u1edfng di\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span> an l\u1ea1c<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ee7 X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t, nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 T\u1ef3-kheo \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c<\/span>, h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7<\/span>. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau: t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> thu\u1ed9c D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span>, tu t\u1eadp<\/span> th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p cao, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edfng sinh t\u01b0\u1edfng di\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, khi t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1edbi th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c<\/span> c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7<\/span> kia, S\u1eafc v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc<\/span>, hay kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cTrong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>. Trong v\u1ecb lai<\/span>, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd sinh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3; trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, t\u00f4i \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. Ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u201d. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Sau b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed<\/span> B\u1ed1-tra-b\u00e0-l\u00e2u xin xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng tinh c\u1ea7n<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3<\/span> A-la-h\u00e1n. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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29. Kinh L\u1ed9-gi\u00e0<\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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[P\u0101li: Lohiccasutta<\/i>, D 12] <\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n L\u1ed9-gi\u00e0 (Lohicca) th\u1ec9nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 T\u0103ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00e1c ki\u1ebfn<\/span> n\u00e0y: \u201cC\u00e1c Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/span> r\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tham \u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1 ng\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u0169 l\u1ea1i x\u00e2y ng\u1ee5c m\u1edbi.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 h\u1edbt t\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n sai \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o gi\u1edd. \u00d4ng n\u00e0y thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> \u1ea5y v\u1edbi Ph\u1eady, v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u<\/span> Ph\u1eadt d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb \u00e1c<\/span> ki\u1ebfn. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Sau khi th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c xong, Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span> ph\u00e1p, h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i \u00f4ng b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadt. \u00d4ng b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, Ph\u1eadt n\u00eau c\u00f3 ba h\u1ea1ng t\u00f4n s\u01b0<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/span>, theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a L\u1ed9-gi\u00e0. <\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9<\/span> nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span>. Th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span>. Th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2 ch\u1ec9 n\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. H\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7y n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span>, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o ph\u00e1 ng\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u0169 m\u00e0 x\u00e2y ng\u1ee5c m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tham \u00e1c. <\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9<\/span> hai, tuy ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> m\u1ed9t \u00edt ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span>. C\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o xoa l\u01b0ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tham \u00e1c. <\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9<\/span> ba, tuy \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>. L\u1ee3i m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh, l\u1ea1i \u0111i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span>. Ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o b\u1ecf c\u1ecf ru\u1ed9ng m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u0111i c\u00e0y ru\u1ed9ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tham \u00e1c. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng T\u00f4n S\u01b0<\/span> b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> Ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1c<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 Minh H\u00e0nh<\/span>. h\u1ea1ng T\u00f4n S\u01b0<\/span> \u1ea5y thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> b\u1ed1n Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3<\/span>. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i<\/span>, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span> l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ai ng\u0103n v\u1ecb \u1ea5y thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span>, c\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u1ecb \u1ea5y thuy\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, s\u1ebd t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00f5i kh\u1ed5. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vua Ba-t\u01b0-n\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span> v\u01b0\u01a1ng gia m\u00e0 chu c\u1ea5p<\/span> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; ai c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf<\/span> vua l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i<\/span> ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ai c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea5t s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Sau b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p, L\u1ed9-gi\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> \u00e1c ki\u1ebfn<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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30. Kinh Th\u1ebf k\u00fd<\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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[Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 P\u0101li t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng] <\/span><\/p>\n

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Kinh n\u00e0y d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m<\/i>, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, g\u1ed3m n\u0103m quy\u1ec3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch, t\u1eeb quy\u1ec3n 18 \u0111\u1ebfn 22. V\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem qu\u1ea3ng di\u1ec5n chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> Kinh Ti\u1ec3u duy\u00ean<\/i> m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng P\u0101li l\u00e0 Agga\u00f1\u00f1asutta<\/i>, D 27. trong Kinh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> trong v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn<\/span> P\u0101li, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n<\/span> t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n kinh<\/span> thu\u1ed9c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9<\/span> P\u0101li kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 hay bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. Tuy tho\u1ea1t nh\u00ecn s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi<\/span>, nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a Kinh mang nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> kh\u00e1 phong ph\u00fa<\/span> ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed<\/span>, c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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N\u1ed9i dung to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean hai \u0111i\u1ec3m: <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

- Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> quan Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, qua c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1eadn th\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> c\u00e1c th\u1eddi th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfp<\/span>, trung ki\u1ebfp<\/span> r\u1ed3i ho\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp<\/span>. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> quan n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean<\/span>, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong \u0111\u00f3, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gian<\/span>. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh, tr\u1ee5, ho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng; r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee5, ho\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng; ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n<\/span> b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn; nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh xe quay li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

- Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u00f9y theo<\/span> tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span> l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p, m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span> thu\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5<\/span>, cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> thu\u1ea7n lac, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> cho c\u00e1c giai t\u1ea7ng sinh th\u00e1i \u1ea5y tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng theo nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, m\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span> c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 ba ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>: m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span>, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u thi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn ti\u1ec3u thi\u00ean h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trung thi\u00ean<\/span>. M\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn trung thi\u00ean<\/span> h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean<\/span>. Trong c\u00e1c c\u00f5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giai t\u1ea7ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u1ea5y theo nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n th\u00ec d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n<\/span> con s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span>. V\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian<\/span> v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span> t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch<\/span>. Sinh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<\/span> cao nh\u1ea5t, hay \u0111\u1ecda xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba nguc \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c<\/span> hay th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 c\u1ef1c cao r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd c\u1ea5t l\u00ean; th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m<\/span> b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. Th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0<\/span> t\u1ec9nh ng\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> xu\u1ea5t ly<\/span>, t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Kinh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span> nh\u1eafc, sau m\u1ed7i khi k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Kinh chia l\u00e0m 12 ph\u1ea9m: <\/span><\/p>\n

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1. Ph\u1ea9m Di\u00eam-ph\u00f9-\u0111\u1ec1<\/i><\/b>: <\/span><\/p>\n

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L\u1ea5y chu\u1ea9n t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng Ng\u0169 h\u00e0<\/span>, t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n minh<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>, l\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam l\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Di\u00eam-ph\u00f9-\u0111\u1ec1. Theo Kinh k\u1ec3, n\u00f3i ph\u00eda nam l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> \u1edf ph\u00eda nam n\u00fai Tu-di. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Di\u00eam-ph\u00f9, v\u00ec v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y m\u1ecdc l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u r\u1eebng c\u00e2y di\u00eam-ph\u00f9 m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 jambu<\/i>. N\u1ebfu theo m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> c\u1ee7a Kinh th\u00ec c\u00e2y n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng theo th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y h\u1ed3ng t\u00e1o<\/span>, t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>, Pakistan, v\u00e0 Nam \u00c1. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> v\u1edbi ch\u00e2u Di\u00eam-ph\u00f9-\u0111\u1ec1, ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1ea5t-vu-\u0111\u00e3i, m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c Sanskrit c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 P\u016brvavideha<\/i>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng P\u0101li l\u00e0 Pubbavideha<\/i>; d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Th\u1eafng th\u00e2n, l\u00e0 ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh<\/span> \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u00f3 ch\u00e2u C\u00f9-\u0111a-ni, m\u00e0 Sanskrit l\u00e0 God\u0101n\u012bya<\/i>. P\u0101li c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. D\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0u h\u00f3a ch\u00e2u<\/span>. H\u00f3a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00f3a v\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c v\u1eadt ngang gi\u00e1 d\u00f9ng trong giao d\u1ecbch. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng tr\u00e2u b\u00f2. <\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ch\u00e2u, Kinh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng<\/span>, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y n\u00fai Tu-di l\u00e0m t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m. <\/span><\/p>\n

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2. Ph\u1ea9m U\u1ea5t-\u0111an-vi\u1ebft<\/i><\/b>: <\/span><\/p>\n

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N\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Tu-di. Ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng<\/span> trong v\u0103n h\u1ec7 H\u00e1n, ch\u00e2u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean l\u00e0 B\u1eafc C\u00e2u-l\u00e2u, m\u00e0 Sanskrit l\u00e0 Uttara-Kuru<\/i>, ch\u1ec9 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Kuru<\/i>. Kuru<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 16 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c l\u1edbn trong th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c Kinh. Tuy v\u1eady, theo \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, Kuru<\/i> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Kuru<\/i> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn ph\u00eda b\u1eafc ngo\u00e0i d\u00e3y Th\u00f4ng l\u0129nh<\/span>. Xa h\u01a1n<\/span> n\u1eefa, v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh bang Sumeria c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00e2u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 ri\u00eang v\u00ec sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n ba ch\u00e2u kia. Trong ch\u00e2u n\u00e0y, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span>, c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i l\u00faa t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gieo tr\u1ed3ng. V\u1ec1 y ph\u1ee5c<\/span>, c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n, ai c\u1ea7n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea5y. C\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ch\u00e9n b\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ecbch, h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. D\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, cha m\u1eb9<\/span> v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i. Trai g\u00e1i th\u00edch nhau, d\u1eabn v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 khu\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ed3i chia tay. Tr\u1ebb n\u00edt m\u1edbi sinh, b\u1ecf gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111i ngang qua, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c<\/span> nh\u01b0 gi\u1ebft nhau, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/span>, n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i<\/span>; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 b\u1ecbnh t\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ba ch\u00e2u kia, cho n\u00ean ai c\u0169ng s\u1ed1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ecd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ebft y\u1ec3u<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

3. Ph\u1ea9m Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n th\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/i><\/b>: <\/span><\/p>\n

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Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong ch\u00e2u Di\u00eam-ph\u00f9, nh\u01b0ng chinh ph\u1ee5c<\/span> lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 ba ch\u00e2u kia, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2u thi\u00ean h\u1ea1<\/span>. Chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> sung t\u00fac<\/span> th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 trong Kinh Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/i> n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vua \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u1ec7n Ki\u1ebfn<\/span> (Mah\u0101sudassana) \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. <\/span><\/p>\n

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4. Ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span><\/i><\/b>: <\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2u thi\u00ean h\u1ea1<\/span> bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y n\u00fai<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i kim cang<\/span>. Ngo\u00e0i d\u00e3y n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i bao th\u00eam m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y n\u00fai<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i kim cang<\/span> n\u1eefa. Kho\u1ea3ng trung gian<\/span> hai d\u00e3y n\u00fai<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> t\u1ed1i m\u1ecbt, kh\u00f4ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o. D\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean<\/span> th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i uy l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng r\u1ecdi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span> l\u1edbn, n\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 ch\u00fat l\u1ea1c. Chung quanh m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span> l\u1edbn c\u00f3 16 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span> nh\u1ecf. Kinh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span> n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/p>\n

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5. Ph\u1ea9m Long \u0111i\u1ec3u<\/i><\/b>: <\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> r\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec3u. T\u1eeb m\u00e0 ta quen g\u1ecdi r\u1ed3ng, Sanskrit n\u00f3i l\u00e0 n\u0101ga<\/i>, c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> r\u1eafn l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 m\u00e3ng x\u00e0 hay r\u1eafn th\u1ea7n. C\u00f3 khi ch\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i voi c\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh<\/span> to l\u1edbn. Ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> r\u1ed3ng hay n\u0101ga<\/i> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ee7ng long c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i: lo\u1ea1i sinh t\u1eeb tr\u1ee9ng, sinh t\u1eeb b\u00e0o thai<\/span>, sinh b\u1edfi th\u1ea5p kh\u00ed, v\u00e0 sinh b\u1edfi bi\u1ebfn th\u00e1i<\/span>. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> r\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ed3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c qu\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 garuda<\/i>, kim s\u00fay \u0111i\u1ec3u, chim c\u00e1nh v\u00e0ng<\/span>. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i: no\u00e3n, thai, th\u1ea5p, h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i r\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5<\/span>. Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec3u c\u00e1nh v\u00e0ng l\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng. Qu\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec3u thai sinh<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft lo\u1ea1i r\u1ed3ng thai sinh<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0103n th\u1ecbt<\/span>. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> kia c\u0169ng v\u1eady. <\/span><\/p>\n

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6. Ph\u1ea9m A-tu-la<\/i><\/b>: <\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c a-tu-la s\u1ed1ng trong bi\u1ec3n b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Tu-di. Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1ch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> c\u0169ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi<\/span> \u0110ao-l\u1ecb. Trong h\u00e0ng D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span>, c\u00e1c A-tu-la th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp sau ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00ec s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> ngang v\u1edbi ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> \u0110ao-l\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u1ea5p th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c<\/span>, c\u00f3 khi b\u1ecb x\u1ebfp xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1<\/span> b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh A-tu-la c\u00f3 th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh t\u00ean l\u00e0 La-h\u1ea7u (Rah\u016b); m\u1ed7i khi th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9<\/span>, l\u1ea5y tay che m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span> m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng<\/span> khi\u1ebfn sinh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c<\/span> hay nguy\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c. <\/span><\/p>\n

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7. T\u1ee9 thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/i><\/b>: <\/span><\/p>\n

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Tr\u00ean A-tu-la\u00a0m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc l\u00e0 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<\/span> T\u1ee9 thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> (S. Cat\u016brmah\u0101r\u0101jak\u0101yika-dev\u0101<\/i>; P. Catummah\u0101r\u0101jik\u0101<\/i>), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi b\u1ed1n v\u1ecb H\u1ed9 th\u1ebf thi\u00ean<\/span> v\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed7i v\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c Tu-di \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/span> tr\u1eddi \u0110ao-l\u1ecb ng\u0103n qu\u00e2n A-tu-la k\u00e9o l\u00ean t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. <\/span><\/p>\n

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8. Ph\u1ea9m \u0110ao-l\u1ecb thi\u00ean<\/i><\/b>: <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110ao-l\u1ecb l\u00e0 phi\u00ean \u00e2m (S. Tr\u0101yastri\u1e43\u015ba<\/i>; P. T\u0101vati\u1e43sa<\/i>), d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Tam th\u1eadp tam thi\u00ean<\/span>, l\u00e0 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<\/span> th\u1ee9 hai thu\u1ed9c D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi 33 v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span>. C\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<\/span> n\u00e0y \u1edf ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh Tu-di. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong c\u00f5i n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1ch. Trung t\u00e2m<\/span> l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> (P. Sudhamm\u0101-s\u0101l\u0101<\/i> XE ”Sudhamma\u00f8-sa\u00f8la\u00f8” , S. Sudharm\u0101 devasabh\u0101<\/i>), l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span>, n\u01a1i t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> \u0110ao-l\u1ecb. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> \u1edf trong th\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn<\/span>, l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>. Ph\u00eda B\u1eafc Thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> l\u00e0 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>. Chung quanh c\u00f3 c\u00e1c khu v\u01b0\u1eddn d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1n<\/span>, h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c. Kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khu v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00f3 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ecd<\/span> g\u1ecdi la c\u00e2y Tr\u00fa \u0111\u1ed9, ngh\u0129a \u0111en<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111o b\u00f3ng ng\u00e0y. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc<\/span> k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span>. G\u1ed1c Sanskrit c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 P\u0101rij\u0101taka<\/i> (P. P\u0101ricchattaka<\/i>). Trong C\u00e2u-x\u00e1, Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span> d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Vi\u00ean sinh th\u1ecd. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Kinh c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00fa vui, v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v.v\u2026 <\/span><\/p>\n

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9. Ph\u1ea9m Tam tai<\/span><\/i><\/b>: <\/span><\/p>\n

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N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ba tai ki\u1ebfp, ba ki\u1ebfp tai<\/span> h\u1ecda, hay ba chu k\u1ef3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, tai ki\u1ebfp l\u1eeda<\/i><\/b>.<\/i><\/span> <\/p>\n

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M\u1ed7i tai ki\u1ebfp g\u1ed3m hai ph\u1ea7n, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 tai ki\u1ebfp s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra. Tai ki\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>, l\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n<\/span> bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> c\u1ea3 Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/span>. C\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span> d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span> th\u1ecd h\u1ebft t\u1ed9i b\u00e1o<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> l\u00ean l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c sinh l\u00ean cao h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eabn t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> c\u00e1c c\u00f5i th\u1ea5p t\u1eeb s\u00fac sinh<\/span> xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>, n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00fac t\u00e0n nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00ec ch\u00fang b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh<\/span>; t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t h\u1eb5n. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd th\u1ebf gian<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Trong \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u tu t\u1eadp<\/span>, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u00e1c b\u1eadc t\u1eeb Nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n<\/span> tr\u1edf l\u00ean. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n<\/span> tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> n\u00e0y m\u1ea1ng chung<\/span> th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f5i thu\u1ed9c Nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n<\/span> tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> l\u00fac, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> t\u1eeb S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n<\/span> tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n<\/span> hai c\u1ee7a tai ki\u1ebfp. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb h\u00e2m n\u00f3ng b\u1edfi b\u1ea3y m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span> l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft do m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i cu\u1ed3ng phong l\u00e0m l\u1ec7ch qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span>, khi\u1ebfn cho hai m\u1eb7t<\/span> tr\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, r\u1ed3i ba, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> b\u1ea3y. S\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n, r\u1ed3i n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> kh\u00f4 ki\u1ec7t. R\u1ed3i qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y. L\u1eeda thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y<\/span> l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>, ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi Quang \u00e2m thi\u00ean<\/span>. M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span> v\u1ec1 sau, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<\/span>, t\u1eeb c\u00f5i Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span> tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o<\/span> tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span>. C\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<\/span> tr\u00ean, khi ph\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eadn, h\u00e0nh t\u1eadn, ch\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 do t\u00fac t\u00e0n nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u00e1c c\u00f5i d\u01b0\u1edbi. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c<\/span> h\u1ed3i, t\u1eeb S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, do b\u1edfi<\/span> l\u1eeda. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u1ee9 hai, do b\u1edfi<\/span> n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i><\/b>.<\/i><\/span> <\/p>\n

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C\u0169ng chia l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. Tai ki\u1ebfp l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> Nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n<\/span>. C\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> l\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f5i Tam thi\u1ec1n<\/span> ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n. T\u1eeb Nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n<\/span> tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/span> \u0111en l\u1edbn t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed5 m\u01b0a xu\u1ed1ng kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111un s\u00f4i, l\u00e0m ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e1, s\u1eaft th\u00e9p, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ea3 kim cang<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean cung<\/span> c\u0169ng ti\u00eau r\u1ee5i, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gian<\/span> t\u1eeb Nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n<\/span> tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y<\/span> s\u1ea1ch h\u1ebft. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> sau, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> t\u1eeb Nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n<\/span> xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>. Do t\u00fac t\u00e0n nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> xu\u1ed1ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 tr\u00f2n m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t th\u1ee9 hai do b\u1edfi<\/span> n\u01b0\u1edbc. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0 ba, do b\u1edfi<\/span> gi\u00f3<\/i><\/b>.<\/i><\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Chu k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> c\u00e1c c\u00f5i Tam thi\u1ec1n<\/span>. C\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> l\u00ean T\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n<\/span>. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n l\u1ed1c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, xo\u00e1y m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt<\/span>, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thi\u00ean cung<\/span>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> n\u00fai non, va ch\u1ea1m<\/span> nhau, nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t l\u1eabn nhau, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> tro b\u1ee5i. Gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1m tro b\u1ee5i bay t\u1ee9 t\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft g\u00ec, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng. M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span> v\u1ec1 sau n\u1eefa, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c<\/span> h\u1ed3i. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n tai ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>, thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span> l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. Chu k\u1ef3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t th\u1ee9 hai ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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10. Ph\u1ea9m Chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u<\/i><\/b>: <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> \u0110ao-l\u1ecb v\u00e0 A-tu-la. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, c\u00f5i \u0110ao-l\u1ecb l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a A-tu-la. Sau \u0111\u00f3, 33 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> do ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o<\/span> r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn t\u1eeb c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> l\u00ean. Do ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o<\/span> l\u1edbn, n\u00ean uy l\u1ef1c<\/span> ngang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh A-tu-la. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, hai b\u00ean s\u1ed1ng chung h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng A-tu-la th\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u00f4ng tr\u00f4i trong say s\u01b0a, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp, khi c\u00e1c A-tu-la u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u say, 33 thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n<\/span> n\u00e0y b\u00e8n h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c<\/span> tr\u00f3i ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i, li\u1ec7ng xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n b\u1eafc. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh \u0110ao-l\u1ecb, s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n b\u1ed1 ph\u00f2ng. <\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh A-tu-la sau khi t\u1ec9nh r\u01b0\u1ee3u, b\u00e8n t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c<\/span> l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean cung<\/span>. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n<\/span> ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span> l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i r\u1ed3ng, do Long v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> B\u1ea1t-nan-\u0111\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 huy<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Khi tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t b\u1ecb v\u1ee1, Long v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> d\u1eabn quan r\u00fat lui v\u1ec1<\/span> tuy\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Ca-l\u00e2u-la, t\u1ee9c kim s\u00fay \u0111i\u1ec3u, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n. Khi tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng b\u1ecb v\u1ee1, c\u00e1c qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n<\/span> l\u1ea1i r\u00fat lui v\u1ec1<\/span> tuy\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 ba tr\u1ea5n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n<\/span> Tr\u00ec hoa, r\u1ed3i lui v\u1ec1<\/span> tuy\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 tr\u1ea5n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n<\/span> Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1c<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Tuy\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/span> cung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span>, tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef b\u1edfi b\u1ed1n v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>. N\u1ebfu quan c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea1i thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y lui<\/span> A-tu-la tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n, Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span> \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n l\u00e2m chi\u1ebfn. \u00d4ng c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 l\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<\/span> tr\u00ean, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> tr\u1eddi Tha h\u00f3a<\/span> t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh nhau<\/span> v\u1edbi A-tu-la, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i, b\u00e8n r\u00fat lui th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y. Qu\u00e2n A-tu-la \u0111u\u1ed5i theo truy k\u00edch. Khi xe \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span> th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n<\/span> m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 chim con. V\u00ec \u00f4ng gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u1ea5t s\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i chim con. N\u1ebfu k\u00e9o c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n ch\u1ea1y ngang qua t\u1ed5 chim s\u1ebd b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0 chim con s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft. Suy ngh\u0129<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u00e2y, \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span> li\u1ec1u b\u1ea3o qu\u00e2n h\u1ed9 gi\u00e1 quay xe tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. \u0110o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n A-tu-la \u0111ang \u0111u\u1ed5i theo, ch\u1ee3t th\u1ea5y xe \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span> quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span>, t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o \u1ed5 ph\u1ee5c binh, ch\u00fang ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3, quay l\u1ea1i th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y. Qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span> nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, quay l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh A-tu-la, tr\u00f3i d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean cung<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

V\u00ec ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span> b\u00e8n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh A-tu-la, v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd<\/span> chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span> l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong lu\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn, Au-tu-la kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1edb g\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn n\u1eefa. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Kinh k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span>: Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 A-tu-la \u0111\u00e1nh nhau<\/span>, l\u00e0 do b\u1edfi<\/span> d\u1ee5c v\u1eady. <\/span><\/p>\n

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11. Ph\u1ea9m Ba trung ki\u1ebfp<\/span><\/i><\/b>: <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfp<\/span> v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp<\/span>, nh\u1eefng chu k\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/span> v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, l\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0m t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c trung ki\u1ebfp<\/span>. M\u1ed7i trung ki\u1ebfp<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u<\/span> b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u0103ng hay gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd. Tho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ef1c l\u00e2u l\u00e0 8 v\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i, gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 10 tu\u1ed5i. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t sinh d\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u00e0ng nhanh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung ki\u1ebfp<\/span>. R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb 10 tu\u1ed5i, t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 8 v\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp. T\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> ki\u1ebfp ho\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1u trung c\u00f3 20 \u0111\u1ee3t t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Khi ki\u1ebfp gi\u1ea3m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 10 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111ao binh tai n\u1ed5i l\u00ean.Trong t\u00e2m m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m \u00e1c l\u00e0 gi\u1ebft. Cho n\u00ean, g\u1eb7p ai l\u00e0 gi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 th\u1ee3 s\u0103n g\u1eb7p nai tr\u00ean r\u1eebng. Ng\u1ecdn c\u1ecf l\u00e1 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u0169 kh\u00ed gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span> b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t<\/span> b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecda<\/span> n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t<\/span>. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eadt d\u1ecbch tai. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd do t\u00e0n s\u00e1t nhau<\/span>, ch\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t h\u1ebft, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> k\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed9c, n\u00ean t\u1eadt d\u1ecbch l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, gi\u1ebft th\u00eam h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> n\u1eefa. <\/span><\/p>\n

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S\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd do b\u1edfi<\/span> chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 t\u1eadt d\u1ecbch, n\u00ean th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> khan hi\u1ebfm, n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i x\u1ea3y ra, gi\u1ebft th\u00eam h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> n\u1eefa. <\/span><\/p>\n

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S\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ec9nh ng\u1ed9<\/span>. Ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 \u00e1c t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t l\u1eabn nhau s\u1ea1ch h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, s\u1ed1 thi\u1ec7n \u00edt \u1ecfi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t<\/span> c\u00e1c tai h\u1ecda<\/span>. H\u1ecd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nhau tu thi\u1ec7n<\/span>. Do thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span>, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> 8 v\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

H\u1ebft chu k\u1ef3 gi\u1ea3m r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng. H\u1ebft chu k\u1ef3 t\u0103ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3m. Khi t\u0103ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00ec sung s\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> qu\u00e1, bu\u00f4ng lung<\/span>, d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t tu thi\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00ean tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a<\/span>, \u0111\u1ecda l\u1ea1c<\/span>. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> ch\u00f3t, l\u1ea1i h\u1ed3i t\u1ec9nh<\/span>, tu t\u1eadp<\/span> tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng quay c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c<\/span>, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u00f2ng quay c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, sinh th\u00e0nh<\/span> r\u1ed3i h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. Di\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i sinh, l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, chu k\u1ef3 tam tai<\/span> k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn<\/span>. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 hai gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>. Ho\u0103c c\u1ea3 ba tai x\u1ea3y ra li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t trung ki\u1ebfp<\/span>, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng l\u00e0 trung ki\u1ebfp<\/span> gi\u1ea3m. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed7i trung ki\u1ebfp<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi tai h\u1ecda<\/span>, do \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi ho\u1eb7c s\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec sinh \u0111ao binh tai; si nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec sinh t\u1eadt d\u1ecbch tai; tham nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec sinh c\u01a1 c\u1ea9n tai<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch<\/span>, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn hay tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a<\/span> do nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

12. Ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ebf b\u1ea3n duy\u00ean<\/span><\/i><\/b>: <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Kinh Ti\u1ec3u duy\u00ean<\/i>, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 thu\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00fai Tu-di, b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2u thi\u00ean h\u1ea1<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, t\u1eeb kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch T\u00f4n. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Kinh c\u0169ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi vua, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do d\u00e2n b\u1ea7u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> ch\u1ee7, truy\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> th\u1eddi vua T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n<\/span> v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span> B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> T\u1ea5t-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> l\u00e0 La-h\u1ea7u-la; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd<\/span> Th\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch T\u00f4n. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

T.S. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p><\/div>\n

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