{"id":6788,"date":"2020-11-30T23:59:02","date_gmt":"2020-11-30T16:59:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/11\/30\/gioi-thieu-kinh-thang-man\/"},"modified":"2020-11-30T23:59:02","modified_gmt":"2020-11-30T16:59:02","slug":"gioi-thieu-kinh-thang-man","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/11\/30\/gioi-thieu-kinh-thang-man\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u Kinh Th\u1eafng Man"},"content":{"rendered":"

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GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U<\/span> T\u1ed4NG QU\u00c1T<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

I. T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG<\/span> CH\u1ee6 \u0110\u1ea0O<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abPh\u1eadt t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>,\u00bb hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng suy lu\u1eadn<\/span> c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> cao c\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh<\/span>, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>, th\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n. Cho n\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u00e2m thi\u1ebft, kinh Ph\u00e1p hoa<\/span><\/i> \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh dung<\/span> T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span> X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m t\u01b0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> kh\u1eaft khe c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span>. Sau khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> cao t\u1ed9t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c<\/span> v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span>, T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 tr\u00e1ch c\u0103n t\u00ednh<\/span> th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u00abH\u1ee1i \u00f4i, c\u00f9ng \u1edf trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 l\u1eadu<\/span>, ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m t\u01b0 x\u1ea5u. Cho n\u00ean, \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ecb lai<\/span> ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft<\/span> Ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> trong ba c\u00f5i<\/span>.[1]\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abH\u1ee1i \u00f4i \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e1ch<\/span> thay! T\u1ea1i sao t\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i?\u00bb \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span> t\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i sao tru\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng gieo tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> ch\u00ed th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng<\/span> gi\u00e1o ho\u00e1<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, nh\u01b0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5, ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> n\u00f3 th\u00ec h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span>: \u00abNh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span> x\u01b0ng \u2039Nam m\u00f4 Ph\u1eadt\u203a trong c\u00e1c th\u00e1p mi\u1ec1u th\u1edd x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> tr\u00ed gi\u00e1c v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y.\u00bb[2] <\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> bao nhi\u00eau c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau. Cho n\u00ean, khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd<\/span> nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba<\/span> r\u1eb1ng: \u00abV\u00e0 Ta n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y<\/span>: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng<\/span>, b\u1ea3n lai<\/span> t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> sau khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/span> s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00bb[3] th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1<\/span> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. <\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1<\/span> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, khi Th\u1eafng Man Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span> ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>. Ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 mong h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span> Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>; v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf, ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> cao c\u1ea3, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c<\/span> tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> l\u1edbn lao, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng<\/span> v\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00ec \u00edch l\u1ee3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh nhi n\u1eef<\/span> hay ch\u00ed kh\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng phu<\/span> n\u1eefa. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng t\u1eed<\/span>,[4] bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c<\/span>, s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f3i r\u00e1ch b\u01a1 v\u01a1. Nh\u01b0ng khi g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i cha gi\u00e0 trong khung c\u1ea3nh sang c\u1ea3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> quy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba k\u1ebf<\/span> gia s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 \u00f4m ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m<\/span> th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m<\/span> b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb t\u00f4i t\u1edb h\u00e8n m\u1ecdn<\/span>. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi n\u00e0o c\u00f9ng t\u1eed<\/span> \u1ea5y nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha gi\u00e0 m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, ch\u1ec9 khi \u1ea5y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> l\u1edbn lao \u1ea5y. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o<\/span> trong h\u00e0ng Thanh v\u0103n<\/span> nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i Tu-b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, Ma-ha Ca-di\u1ebfp, Ma-ha Ca-chi\u00ean-di\u00ean, Ma-ha M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, sau khi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> khai th\u1ecb cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 con ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, h\u00f3a sinh<\/span> t\u1eeb trong l\u00f2ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p<\/span>. T\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, t\u1ee9c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> t\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/span> ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u1ee7a Th\u1eafng Man Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span>. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a kinh Th\u1eafng Man<\/i> n\u00e0y, ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> cao c\u1ea3, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng phu<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1ea5y th\u1eadt c\u0169ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span>, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u1ebb th\u01a1 b\u1ea3y tu\u1ed5i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

II. TH\u1ef0C TI\u1ec4N<\/span> H\u00c0NH \u0110\u1ed8NG<\/b><\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eed<\/span>,[5] sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>, l\u1ea1i mong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1ea5y, b\u00e8n th\u01b0a v\u1edbi B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> V\u0103n-th\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng: \u00abNh\u01b0 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, khi mang g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng<\/span> b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span>, nh\u01b0 kho t\u00e0ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, mong con b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ed7 xe t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.\u00bb[6] <\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> V\u0103n-th\u00f9 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec7u<\/span> tr\u1ea7m h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a con voi ch\u00faa,[7] qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span> Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eed<\/span>: \u00abL\u00e0nh thay, l\u00e0nh thay!<\/span> Thi\u1ec7n nam t\u1eed<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n mong m\u1ecfi<\/span> g\u1ea7n g\u0169i c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span> B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> h\u1ea1nh\u2026\u00bb <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>, l\u1ea1i ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft<\/span> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1ea5y, \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 cung c\u00e1ch h\u00f9ng d\u0169ng c\u1ee7a con s\u01b0 t\u1eed<\/span> \u0111ang v\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng cung c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a con voi ch\u00faa. \u00abS\u01b0 t\u1eed t\u1ea7n th\u00e2n, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> h\u1ed3i th\u1ecb\u00bb, l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef<\/span> m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cung c\u00e1ch uy m\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1ea5y. Nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng<\/span> do n\u01a1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> cao tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u1eed<\/span> hay v\u01b0\u01a1ng phi<\/span>, hay nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh do b\u1edfi<\/span> ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span> h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u1eafng Man Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1eef Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> n\u00e0o. <\/span><\/p>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Th\u1eafng Man Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span> l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span> h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0103n t\u00ednh<\/span> d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c<\/span> h\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng \u0111i trong m\u1ed9t Nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, c\u00f9ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> c\u0103n t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> v\u1ed1n sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span> b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t. Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eed<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho gi\u1edbi thanh<\/span> ni\u00ean tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c<\/span>, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1eadn thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi<\/span>. Duy-ma-c\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span> l\u00e3o th\u00e0nh, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> b\u1eb1ng du h\u00ed tam mu\u1ed9i<\/span>, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng<\/span>, thong dong<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00e2u n\u1ec7<\/span> h\u00ecnh danh s\u1eafc<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, Th\u1eafng Man Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span> th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> b\u1eb1ng cung c\u00e1ch trang nh\u00e3<\/span>, t\u1eeb \u00e1i<\/span>, khi\u00eam cung. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c<\/span> h\u00e0nh bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> t\u1eeb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span> b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, y\u00eau m\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span> x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, bi\u1ebft s\u0103n s\u00f3c<\/span> nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4i c\u00fat<\/span>, bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m v\u01a1i n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng ni\u1ec1m vui cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 trong l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t th\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5: \u00abKh\u00f4ng v\u00ec ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> b\u1ed1n nhi\u1ebfp s\u1ef1.\u00bb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang<\/span> m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span> chung \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1ebf gian<\/span> c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1<\/span> x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Cho n\u00ean, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/span> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ebf<\/span> gian \u0111ang c\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng<\/span>: T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span>, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac\u2026 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t l\u00eca. Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> hay th\u00e1c sinh trong h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span> th\u00ec B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang theo thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span>. Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c<\/span> \u1ea5y trong ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span> B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, do c\u0103n t\u00ednh<\/span> d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a<\/span> b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> Thanh v\u0103n<\/span> hay h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n, t\u1ef3-kheo, c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>, th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e1<\/span> b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1eef<\/span>. Cho n\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> cao c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span>, th\u00ec c\u0169ng v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb. N\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3, th\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tung hoa c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean n\u1eef<\/span>, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed T\u00f4n<\/span> gi\u1ea3 X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft.[8] N\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, th\u00ec cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> vi\u1ec7c con n\u00edt v\u1ecdc c\u00e1t m\u00e0 ch\u01a1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.[9] <\/span><\/p>\n

III. S\u1ede H\u1eccC BAO LA<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a kinh Th\u1eafng Man<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> tr\u00ean thuy\u1ebft Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span>, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i>, Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/i>, B\u1ea5t t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m<\/span><\/i>, V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> y<\/i>; v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba kh\u1edfi t\u00edn lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/i>, Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/i>. Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. Th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> do b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4<\/span> b\u1edfi c\u00e1u b\u1ee3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng<\/span> si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh<\/span> s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, v\u00e0 do b\u1edfi<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> s\u00e2u s\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u00ednh \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1ea1y \u0111u\u1ed5i theo d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span> h\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 con d\u00ea kh\u00e1t \u0111u\u1ed5i theo r\u00e1ng n\u1eafng tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u00e2n, ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u00ednh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span>, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u1ea5y, Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> d\u00f9 cao xa nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng<\/span>, v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span> v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>. S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00e0ng ki\u00ean c\u1ed1<\/span>, s\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng cao xa. C\u1ea3 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u1ea5y, tri v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 hai b\u00e1nh xe c\u1ee7a c\u1ed7 xe l\u1edbn ch\u1edf ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span> c\u1ee7a tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u xa<\/span> v\u1ec1 Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span>, v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u1ea5y, Th\u1eafng Man<\/i> kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng sinh t\u1eed<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span> d\u00f9 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi Thanh v\u0103n th\u1eeba<\/span> hay B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t th\u1eeba<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: \u00abV\u00ec s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn quy y<\/span> v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n c\u00e2y\u2026\u00bb[10] Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> g\u00ec? S\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9, v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111e d\u1ecda<\/span> c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tu\u1ef3 theo th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span> m\u00f4ng mu\u1ed9i b\u00e1n khai<\/span>, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ee3 s\u1ea5m, s\u1ee3 b\u00e3o, s\u1ee3 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean<\/span>. Ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ee3 tai n\u1ea1n<\/span> giao th\u00f4ng, s\u1ee3 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1<\/span>, s\u1ee3 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed\u2026 nh\u01b0ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> \u1ea5y ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft<\/span>. H\u00e0ng Thanh v\u0103n<\/span> do nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u00abnh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 sinh t\u1ea5t c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t\u00bb cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng tu t\u1eadp<\/span> n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> r\u1eb1ng: \u00abS\u1ef1 sinh c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t, \u2026, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ecd sinh \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/span> n\u1eefa.\u00bb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t<\/span> h\u01b0 \u1ea3o<\/span> \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span>. B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n hai h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a sinh t\u1eed<\/span>; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n sinh t\u1eed<\/span> v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch sinh t\u1eed<\/span>. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> qua t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc th\u00e2n<\/span> n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> n\u00e0y hay \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/span>, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n sinh t\u1eed<\/span>. H\u00e0ng Thanh v\u0103n<\/span> v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span> n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft<\/span> qua t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc th\u00e2n<\/span> n\u00e0y, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u00e1c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i, t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng tham d\u1ee5c<\/span>, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>, c\u00e1c k\u1ebft s\u1eed<\/span>, c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/span>, ch\u00fang l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ecb b\u1ee9c r\u1ee9c<\/span>, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o<\/span>. B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1i g\u00ec che l\u1ea5p<\/span> ch\u00e2n t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> ngay trong ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u0103n t\u00ednh<\/span> th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m<\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn<\/span> s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/span> cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u00f4 minh<\/span> nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb. Nh\u01b0 con g\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong tr\u1ee9ng, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eadp v\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f5 tr\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 chui ra. <\/span><\/p>\n

Theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, do b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh<\/span> che l\u1ea5p<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean t\u1ebf<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft; kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft<\/span> trong t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc s\u00e1t-na, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> nhau t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch sinh t\u1eed<\/span>, nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m, s\u00e2u k\u00edn kh\u00f3 th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f3 bi\u1ebft, so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n sinh t\u1eed<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, v\u00f4 minh<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c m\u00e0n t\u1ed1i ng\u0103n che kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft<\/span> gi\u1eefa m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>; kh\u00f4ng cho nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd t\u00ednh<\/span> duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng<\/span> v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong m\u00e0ng l\u01b0\u1edbi k\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ebf thanh<\/span> minh ch\u00e2u<\/span>. Do th\u1ebf, do b\u1ecb v\u00f5 tr\u1ee9ng v\u00f4 minh<\/span> ng\u0103n che ta v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/span>; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t<\/span> gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> \u1ea5y. Nh\u1eefng ai ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> c\u00e1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> chung bao la<\/span> c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span>, th\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, n\u1ebfu tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft<\/span> c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00f2n v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> do b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p<\/span> n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Sau khi th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc th\u00e2n<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> h\u01b0 \u1ea3o<\/span> tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span> s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n sinh t\u1eed<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh<\/span> ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span> tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span>, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch sinh t\u1eed<\/span>. Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00f4 \u00fay<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Thanh v\u0103n<\/span> hi\u1ec3u Kh\u1ed5, \u0111o\u1ea1n T\u1eadp, ch\u1ee9ng Di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Tu \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>; c\u0169ng v\u1eady, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span> tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ed1n Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng, v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi<\/span> h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch sinh t\u1eed<\/span>, Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span>. Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span>, cho n\u00ean nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 hay T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> c\u0169ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span>, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1c di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5<\/span> v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp<\/span> d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5<\/span> c\u0169ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span>. B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp V\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span> Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>, cho n\u00ean s\u1edf h\u1ecdc \u1ea5y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bao la<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

GI\u1ea2I TH\u00cdCH<\/span> \u0110\u1ec0 KINH<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a kinh, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 15 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau cu\u1ea3 kinh n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1 kinh th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau \u1ea5y. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> chi ti\u1ebft<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

I. TH\u1eaeNG MAN<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u trong danh hi\u1ec7u<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

a. Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span><\/i>. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/span> c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> kinh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ra do b\u1edfi<\/span> Th\u1eafng Man Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

b. Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span><\/i>. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span> t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t n\u00e0y, Th\u1eafng Man Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> cho tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>, l\u00e0 thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>. B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf<\/span>, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng phu<\/span>, l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh<\/span> v\u1ed1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> n\u01a1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> cho n\u00ean ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u1eabn c\u00f3<\/span> th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span> b\u1edfi c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1eef Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>. V\u1edbi thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u00e0m m\u1eb9, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> \u00f4m tr\u1ecdn c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gian<\/span> v\u00e0o trong t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng bao dung<\/span> tr\u1eddi bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u1eafng Man<\/i> l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn<\/span> c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> nu\u00f4i l\u1edbn th\u00e1nh thai<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> t\u00ecnh m\u1eb9 bao la<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>, do th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t d\u00e0nh cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span>, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh trong mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch Th\u1eafng Man<\/i> v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd Th\u1eafng Man<\/i> trong ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> kinh. <\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a Th\u1eafng Man Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span>, hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang ta<\/span> bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t \u00edt, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kinh. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> trong \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch Ph\u1eadt<\/span> gi\u00e1o Trung hoa hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kinh n\u00e0y n\u00f3i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eafn t\u1eaft<\/span> v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau: Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span> l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a vua Ba-t\u01b0-n\u1eb7c v\u00e0 M\u1ea1t-l\u1ecb Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span>, l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng phi<\/span> c\u1ee7a vua H\u1eefu X\u1ee9ng. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ba-t\u01b0-n\u1eb7c v\u00e0 M\u1ea1t-l\u1ecb Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span> l\u00e0 hai v\u1ecb t\u1ea1i gia<\/span> \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> danh ti\u1ebfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch T\u00f4n. Nh\u00e0 vua c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/span> thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft<\/span>, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>. Kinh \u00abPh\u00e1p trang nghi\u00eam\u00bb[11] ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u1ee7a vua v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> trong s\u00e1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, v\u1ec1 Ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> kh\u00e9o gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft<\/span>, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang<\/span> s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn<\/span>, vui t\u01b0\u01a1i<\/span>, kh\u00e9o tu t\u1eadp<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>. Trong m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng b\u1ed9<\/span><\/i>[12] c\u00f3 ghi r\u1eb1ng, v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u1ecd nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ngay l\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/span> cung nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1o tin M\u1ea1t-l\u1ecb Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u1eeba sinh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa<\/span>. Vua t\u1ecf \u00fd<\/span> kh\u00f4ng vui<\/span> v\u1ec1 tin n\u00e0y, v\u00ec nh\u00e0 vua th\u00edch con trai h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span> r\u1eb1ng trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> con g\u00e1i v\u1eabn x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01a1n con trai. B\u1ea3n kinh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 chung \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> P\u0101li ch\u1ec9 cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> vua v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu M\u1ea1t-l\u1ecb c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i r\u00f5 t\u00ean. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> P\u0101li c\u0169ng cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> nh\u00e0 vua c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa<\/span> t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Vajir\u012b hay Vajirakum\u0101ri (Kim Cang v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1eef<\/span>) v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e3 cho vua A-x\u00e0-th\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc Ma-ki\u1ec7t-\u0111\u00e0. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 Vajir\u012b l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng phi<\/span> n\u00e0o. <\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eafng Man l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y, theo\u00a0[13] c\u1ee7a C\u00e1t T\u1ea1ng<\/span>, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00abth\u1ea5t-l\u1ecb-ma-la\u00bb.[14] Nh\u01b0ng theo Khuy C\u01a1<\/span>\u00a0[15] th\u00ec ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00abm\u1ea1t-l\u1ecb-th\u1ea5t-la\u00bb.[16] C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>: C\u00e1t t\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> hoa man<\/span> tr\u00e0ng hoa<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>, th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, hay \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 k\u1ebft tr\u00e0ng hoa<\/span>. Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd <\/i>c\u1ee7a Khuy C\u01a1<\/span> c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> r\u1eb1ng, s\u1edf d\u0129<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00ec m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 M\u1ea1t-l\u1ecb n\u00ean con g\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u1ea1t-l\u1ecb-th\u1ea5t-la. <\/span><\/p>\n

II. S\u01af T\u1eec H\u1ed0NG<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n

Th\u1eafng Man s\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/i><\/b>, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 15 danh hi\u1ec7u<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00eau l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t cho kinh n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>, th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef<\/span> \u00abs\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u1ed1ng\u00bb hay ti\u1ebfng r\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con s\u01b0 t\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng theo c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau:[17] <\/span><\/p>\n

1. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> thuy\u1ebft: l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span> ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span>. Kinh Th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, kinh s\u1ed1 137 thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 Trung A h\u00e0m<\/span><\/i>[18] n\u00f3i: \u00ab\u0110\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00eam th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ngch\u00ednh gi\u00e1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u00eam nh\u1eadp v\u00f4 d\u01b0<\/span> Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, trong kho\u1ea3ng<\/span> trung gian<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p<\/span> b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>; n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u01b0 t\u1eed<\/span> v\u1eady.\u00bb <\/span><\/p>\n

2. V\u00f4 \u00fay<\/span> thuy\u1ebft: n\u00f3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 do d\u1ef1<\/span>, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>; n\u00f3i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c t\u00edn, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft<\/span>. Khi T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span> X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t ca ng\u1ee3i<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> r\u1eb1ng: \u00abTrong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t (\u2026) ai t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span> h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u2026\u00bb; th\u00ec b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> \u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span> X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>, l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng r\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 t\u1eed<\/span>.[19] <\/span><\/p>\n

3. Nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft<\/span> tu h\u00e0nh<\/span>: tu t\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span>, \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p<\/span>; s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00abS\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u1ed1ng\u00bb. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i tu<\/span> kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span>, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> h\u01a1n c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u1ea5y cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01afu-\u0111\u00e0m-b\u00e0-la, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u00fac Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng r\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 t\u1eed<\/span>, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u01afu-\u0111\u00e0m-b\u00e0-la s\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/i>.[20] <\/span><\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>, t\u1eeb \u00abs\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u1ed1ng\u00bb th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed<\/span>. V\u00ec ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u1ea5y l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 c\u0103n t\u00ednh<\/span> th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m<\/span>, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0n nai run s\u1ee3<\/span> khi nghe ti\u1ebfng r\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 t\u1eed<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, Th\u1eafng Man Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng do d\u1ef1<\/span>. Cho n\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span> n\u00f3i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00abs\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u1ed1ng\u00bb. <\/span><\/p>\n

III. NH\u1ea4T TH\u1eeaA<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n

\u00abNh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba\u00bb c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v trong ph\u1ea7n sau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> kinh. N\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u00abNh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba\u00bb c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i trong kinh Ph\u00e1p hoa<\/span><\/i>, theo \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch T\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ra ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>, l\u00e0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i. Cho n\u00ean, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> m\u1ed9t th\u1eeba duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>, t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba<\/span>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1 kinh ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5, \u1edf Th\u1eafng Man<\/i>, Nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba<\/span> \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0, t\u1eeb Nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba<\/span>, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span>, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1eeba kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn. <\/span><\/p>\n

IV. \u0110\u1ea0I PH\u01af\u01a0NG TI\u1ec6N<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u00abph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n x\u1ea3o\u00bb, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thuy\u1ebft<\/span> gi\u00e1o, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span> t\u00f9y theo<\/span> c\u0103n t\u00ednh<\/span> m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng song \u0111\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> hay \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh<\/span>. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed<\/span>, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh<\/span> ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span> v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span> Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd bi\u1ebft m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi<\/span> nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> mong c\u1ea7u l\u1ee3i<\/span> \u00edch ri\u00eang cho m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3, song song v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed<\/span>, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span>. T\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> do ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u00ed<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed<\/span>, t\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed<\/span>, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu<\/span>, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a chi\u00eam bao<\/span>, nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng<\/span> trong n\u1eafng qu\u00e1i, nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0n ch\u1edbp, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span>, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n<\/span> th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span> \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng<\/span> t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> th\u1ebf gian<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh<\/span> th\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9ng Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Cho n\u00ean, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u00ed<\/span>. V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u00ed<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e9o<\/span> l\u00e9o, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ebf gian<\/span> v\u1ed1n tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span>, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi. Do hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u xa<\/span> nguy\u00ean l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n<\/span> th\u1ebf gian<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp<\/span> Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, trong \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ee7a kinh Th\u1eafng Man<\/i> n\u00e0y, \u00abNh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba\u00bb ch\u1ec9 cho tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt<\/span>, hay th\u1eadt tr\u00ed<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u00ab\u0110\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n\u00bb ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u00ed<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab\u0111\u1ea1i\u00bb, v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> v\u00e0 bao qu\u00e1t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00abm\u1ed9t th\u1eeba\u00bb nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 qua ba th\u1eeba<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau; cho n\u00ean \u00ab\u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n\u00bb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00abm\u1ed9t th\u1eeba\u00bb bao qu\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1eeba. <\/span><\/p>\n

V. PH\u01af\u01a0NG QU\u1ea2NG KINH<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd<\/span> r\u1eb1ng trong Th\u1eafng Man b\u1ea3o kh\u1ed1t<\/i> c\u1ee7a C\u00e1t T\u1ea1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 Th\u1eafng Man ngh\u0129a k\u00fd<\/i> c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec5n<\/span> \u00abph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng\u00bb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> l\u00e0 \u00ab\u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng<\/span>.\u00bb Theo \u0111\u1ec1 kinh cho b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a C\u1ea7u-na-b\u1ea1t-\u0111\u00e0-la hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n<\/span> th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1eafng Man s\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng kinh<\/span>.<\/i><\/span> <\/p>\n

\u00abPh\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng\u00bb,[21] c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c<\/span> c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng kinh, Qu\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i, Qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1c<\/span> hay Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>, m\u1ed9t trong 9 b\u1ed9 lo\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>,[22] theo ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>, hay m\u1ed9t trong 12 b\u1ed9 lo\u1ea1i<\/span>,[23] theo ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u1eadu k\u1ef3. \u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed<\/span> gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span><\/i>,[24] s\u1edf d\u0129<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>, v\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>. Ho\u1eb7c theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> a-t\u00ec-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma t\u1eadp lu\u1eadn<\/i>: \u00abPh\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft<\/span> c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t t\u1ea1ng<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng<\/span>; c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1; c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 t\u1ef7<\/span>. Do \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng? V\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 s\u1edf y<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c<\/span> cho ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>; tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span> ph\u00e1p s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m. Do \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> g\u00ec m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1? V\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1<\/span> h\u1ee7y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i<\/span>. Do \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0o m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ef7? V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh<\/span> b\u1eb1ng.\u00bb[25] M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i tr\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9<\/i>,[26] th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng<\/span>, nh\u01b0 B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3<\/i> hay Ph\u00e1p hoa<\/span><\/i>, v.v\u2026 <\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Th\u1eafng Man<\/i> s\u1edf d\u0129<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng kinh<\/span> do n\u1ed9i dung bao h\u00e0m r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n xu\u1ea5t sinh<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Th\u1eeba, v\u00e0 bao tr\u00f9m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Th\u1eeba. <\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i theo t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>. Cho n\u00ean Th\u1eafng Man s\u1edf d\u0129<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng<\/span>, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span> thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 danh hi\u1ec7u<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span> n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau: Th\u1eafng Man s\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u1ed1ng<\/span> nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> (\u0111\u1ea1i) ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng kinh<\/span><\/i>,[27] \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kinh thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o<\/span>, n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> Nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span>, hay \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft b\u1edfi Th\u1eafng Man Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span>, nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng r\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con s\u01b0 t\u1eed<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 do d\u1ef1<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n

[1] (\u0110\u1ea1i 9, tr. 10c23). Cf.\u00a0Saddh, tr. 45:\u00a0aho’ smi pariva\u00f1citu p\u0101pacittais tulyesu dharmesu an\u0101sravesu yan n\u0101ma traidh\u0101tuki agradharmam na de\u015bayisy\u0101mi an\u0101gate’ dhve.\u00a0Ph\u00e1p hoa<\/span>, ph\u1ea9m iii \u00abTh\u00ed d\u1ee5.\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]Saddh, tr.375:\u00a0namo’ stu buddh\u0101ya krtaikav\u0101ram yeh\u012b tad\u0101 dh\u0101tudharesu tesu\/ viksiptacittair api ekav\u0101ram te sarv\u012b pr\u0101pt\u0101 imam agrabhodhim. Cf,\u00a0Ph\u00e1p hoa<\/span>, ph\u1ea9m ii \u00abPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n\u00bb (\u0110\u1ea1i 9, tr. 9a7).<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]Saddh, tr. 3311:\u00a0evam ca bh\u0101s\u0101my ahu nityanirvrt\u0101 \u0101dipra\u015b\u0101nt\u0101 imi sarvadharm\u0101h\/ cary\u0101m ca so p\u016briya buddhaputro an\u0101gate’ dhv\u0101ni jino bhavisyati. Cf.\u00a0Ph\u00e1phoa, tr. 8b26: \u00abch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p t\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n lai<\/span>, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> d\u0129, lai th\u1ebf<\/span> \u0111\u1eafc t\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]Ph\u00e1p hoa<\/span>, ph\u1ea9m iv, \u00abT\u00edn gi\u1ea3i\u00bb (\u0110\u1ea1i 9, tr. 16b25). Cf.\u00a0Saddh., tr. 72ff.<\/span><\/p>\n

[5] Skt.\u00a0Sudhana-\u015bresthid\u0101raka.<\/span><\/p>\n

[6] Cf.\u00a0Ganda, tr. 4523:\u00a0tan mah\u0101mahital\u0101calopamam karunavegabalabh\u0101rav\u0101hitam\/ j\u00f1\u0101na- sa\u1e43pajagatopaj\u012bvitam agray\u0101nam abhirohay\u0101hi me. Cf.\u00a0Hoa nghi\u00eam<\/span> (Th\u1eadt), q. 62, ph\u1ea9m Nh\u1eadp ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi<\/span>, \u0110\u1ea1i 10 tr.333b21;\u00a0Hoa nghi\u00eam<\/span> (B\u00e1t), \u0110\u1ea1i 10, T.293, tr. 678c19;\u00a0Hoa nghi\u00eam<\/span> (Ph\u1eadt), \u0110\u1ea1i 9 tr. 689a18.<\/span><\/p>\n

[7]n\u0101gavalokiten\u0101valokya,\u00a0Ganda., 46.<\/span><\/p>\n

[8]Duy-ma-c\u1eadt, ph\u1ea9m vii. \u00abQu\u00e1n ch\u00fang sinh\u00bb; \u0110\u1ea1i 14, tr.547c<\/span><\/p>\n

[9]Ph\u00e1p hoa<\/span>, ph\u1ea9m ii. \u00abPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n,\u00bb \u0110\u1ea1i 9, tr. 9a5.<\/span><\/p>\n

[10]Dh. l88:\u00a0bahum ve saranam yanti, pabbat\u0101ni van\u0101ni ca \/ \u0101r\u0101marukkhacety\u0101ni, manuss\u0101 bhayatajjit\u0101.<\/span><\/p>\n

[11]Trung (kinh s\u1ed1 213), \u00abPh\u00e1p trang nghi\u00eam<\/span> \u00bb (\u0110\u1ea1i 2, tr.795tt). Cf. P\u0101li: M.89 Dhammacetiya.<\/span><\/p>\n

[12]P\u0101li, S. i.83.<\/span><\/p>\n

[13]\u0110\u1ea1i 37, tr. 2b24.<\/span><\/p>\n

[14]\u00a0Skt.\u00a0\u015ar\u012bm\u0101la.<\/span><\/p>\n

[15]Khuy C\u01a1<\/span>,\u00a0Th\u00e0nh duy th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn<\/span> thu\u1eadt k\u00fd, \u0110\u1ea1i 43, tr. 536b6.<\/span><\/p>\n

[16]Skt.\u00a0M\u0101lya-\u015br\u012b.<\/span><\/p>\n

[17]C\u00e1t T\u1ea1ng<\/span>,\u00a0Th\u1eafng Man b\u1ea3o kh\u1ed1t,<\/i> \u0110\u1ea1i 34, tr. 3a18, d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p s\u01b0<\/span>, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> theo kinh T\u01b0 \u00edch<\/span>:\u00a0T\u01b0 \u00cdch Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean s\u1edf v\u1ea5n kinh<\/span>, C\u01b0u-ma-la-th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch, \u0110\u1ea1i 15 (No 586).<\/span><\/p>\n

[18]\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i 2, tr. 645tt. Tham chi\u1ebfu<\/span> P\u0101li: A, iv.23.<\/span><\/p>\n

[19]Tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kinh s\u1ed1 18, \u00abT\u1ef1 hoan h\u1ef7\u00bb, \u0110\u1ea1i 1, tr. 76. Tham chi\u1ebfu<\/span> P\u0101li: D.28 Sampad\u0101n\u012bya.<\/span><\/p>\n

[20]P\u0101li: D.25 Udumbarika-s\u012bhan\u0101da;\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kinh s\u1ed1 8, \u00abT\u00e1n-\u0111\u00e0-na\u00bb, \u0110\u1ea1i 1, tr. 47. Cf.\u00a0Trung, kinh s\u1ed1 104, \u00ab\u01afu-\u0111\u00e0m-sa-la\u00bb, \u0110\u1ea1i 1, tr. 591.<\/span><\/p>\n

[21]Skt.\u00a0vaipulya, hay\u00a0mah\u0101-vaipulya. P\u0101li:\u00a0vedalla.<\/span><\/p>\n

[22]H\u00e1n: c\u1eedu b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span> (Skt.\u00a0nav\u0101nga\u015b\u0101sana). Danh s\u00e1ch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea<\/span> theo\u00a0Saddh, tr. 307:\u00a0s\u0169tr\u0101ni bh\u0101s\u0101mi tathaiva g\u0101th\u0101 itivrttakam j\u0101takam adbhutam ca nid\u0101na aupamya\u015batai\u015b ca citrair geyam ca bh\u0101s\u0101mi tathopade\u015b\u0101n, H\u00e1n (Ph\u00e1p hoa<\/span>, \u0110\u1ea1i 9, tr. 7c25): tu-\u0111a-la, gi\u00e0-\u0111\u00e0, b\u1ea3n s\u1ef1<\/span>, b\u1ea3n sanh, v\u1ecb t\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu<\/span>, nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span>, th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, k\u1ef3-d\u1ea1, \u01b0u-ba-\u0111\u1ec1-x\u00e1. P\u0101li:\u00a0sutta (tu-\u0111a-la, hay kh\u1ebf kinh<\/span>),\u00a0geyya (k\u1ef3-d\u1ea1, \u1ee9ng t\u1ee5ng<\/span> hay k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span>),\u00a0veyyak\u0101rana (th\u1ecd k\u00fd<\/span>),\u00a0g\u0101th\u0101 (ph\u00fang t\u1ee5ng<\/span>, hay th\u1ec3 ng\u00e2m v\u1ecbnh<\/span>),\u00a0ud\u0101na (t\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft, hay k\u1ec7 c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng<\/span>),\u00a0itivuttaka (nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb<\/span> ng\u1eef),\u00a0j\u0101taka (b\u1ea3n sanh, hay chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n<\/span>),\u00a0vedalla (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng<\/span>, hay qu\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i),\u00a0abbhutadhamma (ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb<\/span> t\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu).<\/span><\/p>\n

[23]Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span>, hay th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb<\/span> ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o (Skt.\u00a0dv\u0101da\u015b\u0101nga-buddhavacana): tu-\u0111a-la (s\u016btra), k\u1ef3-d\u1ea1 (geyya), th\u1ecd k\u00fd<\/span> (vy\u0101karana), ph\u00fang t\u1ee5ng<\/span> (g\u0101th\u0101), \u01b0u-\u0111\u00e0-na (ud\u0101na), nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> (nid\u0101na), th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> (avad\u0101na), nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb<\/span> ng\u1eef (itivrttaka), b\u1ea3n sanh (j\u0101taka), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng<\/span> (vaipulya), v\u1ecb t\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu<\/span> (adbhutadharma), lu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecb<\/span> (upade\u015ba).<\/span><\/p>\n

[24]\u0110\u1ea1i b\u00e1t-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n kinh<\/span>, q.14, \u0110\u1ea1i 12, tr. 684a8.<\/span><\/p>\n

[25]\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i 31, tr. 686b16.<\/span><\/p>\n

[26]quy\u1ec3n 33, \u0110\u1ea1i 25, tr. 34a4.<\/span><\/p>\n

[27]T\u00ean kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> b\u1edfi\u00a0\u015aiks,<\/i> tr. 27:\u00a0<\/i>\u015ar\u012bm\u0101l\u0101simha–<\/i>n\u0101das\u016btra.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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