{"id":6797,"date":"2020-12-01T00:01:32","date_gmt":"2020-11-30T17:01:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/01\/bay-phuong-phap-di-den-giac-ngo\/"},"modified":"2020-12-01T00:01:32","modified_gmt":"2020-11-30T17:01:32","slug":"bay-phuong-phap-di-den-giac-ngo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/01\/bay-phuong-phap-di-den-giac-ngo\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea3y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"

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A. D\u1eaaN NH\u1eacP<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>, nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span> nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span> do ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> t\u1ea1o n\u00ean, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span>, hay m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> gi\u00fap cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng b\u1ebf t\u1eafc trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i, hay n\u00f3i<\/span> c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe: “Ch\u00fang sanh \u0111a b\u1ec7nh, Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng” (ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh, Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb cho nhi\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c nhau). Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap cho ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> nh\u1eefng v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m<\/span> m\u00ea l\u1ea7m<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c<\/span> trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B. N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I- \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> (Satta sambojjhanga) = The Seven factors of Enlightenment, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ea5t b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n<\/span>, Trung Hoa d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> (con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>), m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng ph\u00e1p<\/span> (paramattha dhamma) c\u1ee7a 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>. Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

II- N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1)- Tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> (Dhammavicaya sambojjhanga)<\/b> :<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n<\/span>, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u0103n c\u01a1<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u1ebf h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean<\/span> c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 s\u01b0<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y : “Thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00fd-ti\u1ec7n, l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c hay, Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1n-ti\u1ec7m (mau, ch\u1eadm), h\u1ee3p c\u01a1 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p di\u1ec7u”. Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1c chi<\/span>. Trong kinh Sa Di Th\u1eadp Gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00f3i: “C\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>, c\u1ee7a con l\u1eeba, con l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 ch\u1edf n\u1eb7ng ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5”. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy<\/span> (suy t\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh) ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p<\/span>, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, suy lu\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span>. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> xem s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c<\/span> trong ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua g\u1ea1n l\u1ecdc<\/span> c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span> (s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh), \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00f3i : “Tin ta m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ta l\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng<\/span> ta”. Trong kinh Kamala (T\u0103ng Chi I), \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00f3i : “\u0110\u1eebng v\u1ed9i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u00f4n. \u0110\u1eebng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 qua c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1eebng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u00e1o ng\u1eef hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1. \u0110\u1eebng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, d\u00f9 cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00fat t\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n<\/span> x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o ta ph\u1ea3i tin. \u0110\u1eebng tin m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e3nh l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y hay nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span>, theo suy nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 sau khi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i<\/span>, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> ri\u00eang cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> th\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> s\u1ed1ng theo s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span> \u1ea5y”. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y: “Th\u00e0 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed9, c\u00f2n h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat sai l\u1ea7m”. T\u1ed5 L\u00e2m T\u1ebf<\/span> n\u00f3i: “Nh\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m h\u00e0o ly, thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba huy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch” (M\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m l\u00eca xa, \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1eddi xa c\u00e1ch<\/span>). N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1ecdn sai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span> th\u00ec mu\u00f4n ki\u1ebfp kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Cho n\u00ean tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span> t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o<\/span> tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2)- Ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> (Sati sambojjhanga<\/b>) :<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 nh\u1edb ngh\u0129, gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>. Ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng<\/span> l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m<\/span> kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea5y kh\u1edfi. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> bi\u1ebft, t\u1ea1p ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> kinh nghi<\/span> v\u00e0 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a<\/span>, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3<\/span> cho tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> gi\u00fap cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> qua c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, kh\u1ed5, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i thay c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c ni\u1ec7m, cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> trong t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na<\/span> sanh di\u1ec7t<\/span>, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c t\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m, c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span> (ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span>) v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> gi\u00fap cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> lu\u00f4n t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o<\/span> trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3)- Tinh t\u1ea5n gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> (Virya sambojjhanga<\/b>) :<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh t\u1ea5n gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> chuy\u00ean r\u00f2ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c<\/span>, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span> l\u00e0m cho tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> cao \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa<\/span>, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 (tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span>) th\u00ec kh\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>. Nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> Huxley \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i : “M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i cao<\/span> trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> su\u00f4ng”. V\u00ec th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean<\/span> tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span> l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> ; thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span>, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> khi \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ed5n<\/span> S\u01b0 Th\u00edch<\/span> Ca d\u00f9ng b\u00e1t s\u1eefa c\u1ee7a Suj\u00e0ta, xong Ng\u00e0i qu\u0103ng b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1eefa xu\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Ni Li\u00ean Thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> : “D\u00f9 th\u00e2n ta c\u00f3 kh\u00f4, m\u00e1u ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, ta nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i n\u00e0y”.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Qua \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> trong tu t\u1eadp<\/span> hay \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, bao gi\u1edd s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u0169ng d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> si\u00eang n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 (tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span>), thi\u1ebfu chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n<\/span> th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng minh<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> d\u1ea1y : “H\u1ebft ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y qua th\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c, h\u1ebft gi\u1edd n\u1ecd sang gi\u1edd kia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 v\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u00f4ng phu<\/span> m\u1edbi l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0ng r\u00f2ng<\/span>. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> mu\u1ed1n cho th\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span> trong s\u1ea1ch<\/span> c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf” (Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa<\/span>).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4)- H\u1ef7 gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> (Piti sambojjhanga)<\/b> :<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ef7 gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vui c\u00f3 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>, khi tu t\u1eadp<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ni\u1ec1m an l\u1ea1 trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>, t\u00f9y h\u1ef7<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/span> m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> xung quanh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m<\/span> hoan h\u1ef7<\/span> trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> m\u1ecdi ch\u01b0\u1edbng duy\u00ean, tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 vui t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c<\/span> th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>. Trong n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, t\u00e2m h\u1ef7<\/span> l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u u\u1ebf<\/span> phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp<\/span>, gi\u00fap cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3<\/span> B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 “chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ea khai ng\u1ed9<\/span>, ly kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ea1c” (chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 m\u00ea m\u1edd l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, l\u00eca kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vui).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

5)- Khinh an gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> (Passaddhi sambojjhanga<\/b>) :<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Khinh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, an l\u00e0 an \u1ed5n<\/span>, khinh an gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng an l\u1ea1c<\/span> t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c<\/span> trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n th\u01b0 th\u00e1i<\/span> do \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> ni\u1ec1m h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n<\/span>. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng<\/span> l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span> b\u1ecb ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb<\/span> nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span> l\u00e0m dao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> b\u1ea5t an<\/span>. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> khinh an<\/span> s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, v\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1n \u0111au l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1<\/span> c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> s\u1ef1 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong kinh A H\u00e0m<\/span> k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i<\/span> : C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i t\u0129nh t\u1ecda<\/span> trong r\u1eebng b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean t\u00e2m hoan h\u1ef7<\/span> ph\u00e1t sanh th\u1ed1t l\u1edbn l\u00ean : “\u00d4i, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> qu\u00e1. \u00d4i, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> qu\u00e1…”. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng tu<\/span> ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> li\u1ec1n \u0111em b\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> nh\u00e2n c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> nghe v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> kia nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00ec sao khi t\u0129nh t\u1ecda<\/span> l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt<\/span> : “Trong l\u00fac ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> an l\u1ea1c<\/span>, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, con c\u00f3 th\u1ed1t ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y con l\u00e0m quan trong tri\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cao l\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ef9 v\u1ecb, k\u1ebb h\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o con c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> y\u00ean t\u00e2m, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n lo s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/span>, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 vua th\u00ec s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch do k\u1ebb s\u00e0m t\u1ea5u t\u00e2u l\u00ean. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u1eeb khi con v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, con th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t an<\/span> s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> lo l\u1eafng<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u1edf tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, n\u00ean khi ng\u1ed3i t\u0129nh t\u1ecda<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y<\/span>, con c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m an l\u1ea1c<\/span> khinh an<\/span> (nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng) h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp trong l\u00f2ng n\u00ean con th\u1ed1t l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf”.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

6)- \u0110\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> (Samadhi sambojjhanga<\/b>) :<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 samadhi, l\u00e0 gi\u1eef t\u00e2m an tr\u1ee5<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng cho t\u00e2m phan duy\u00ean<\/span> ph\u00f3ng \u0111i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c<\/span>. \u0110\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00e2m lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n an \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> b\u1edfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c duy\u00ean b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0o t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> n\u1ed9i quan, cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> quay l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> n\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> n\u01a1i t\u1eebng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh h\u1ea1nh<\/span> ph\u00fac hay kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u1ec1u do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. Cho n\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> t\u1eebng n\u00f3i : Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>. Vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u00ecm t\u00f2i<\/span> “soi c\u0103n, soi ki\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c”, hay \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span>, ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1<\/span> tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ch\u1eefa t\u00e0, sai khi\u1ebfn<\/span> qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n<\/span>, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> ch\u1ea1y theo<\/span> c\u1ea3nh duy\u00ean<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

7)- X\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> (Upekkh\u00e0 sambojjhanga)<\/b> :<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

X\u1ea3 l\u00e0 upekkh\u00e0, do hai t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c upa l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span>, ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, v\u00f4 t\u01b0<\/span>, v\u00e0 ikkha tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>, suy lu\u1eadn<\/span>. V\u1eady, upekkh\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span>, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, ho\u1eb7c suy lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00f4 t\u01b0<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n<\/span>. Kinh J\u00e3taka n\u00f3i : “Trong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>, trong phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>, l\u00fac th\u0103ng, l\u00fac tr\u1ea7m, ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1eadt g\u00ec, d\u1ea7u chua, ng\u1ecdt, s\u1ea1ch, d\u01a1, \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1eabn th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean<\/span>, m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c tr\u01a1 tr\u01a1<\/span>. \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eadn c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng”. D\u00f9ng tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb<\/span> v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> s\u1ef1 an t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u00e2m x\u1ea3. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 b\u1ecb lay chuy\u1ec3n. Thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> b\u1ea5t an<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch<\/span> c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i duy\u00ean<\/span>. B\u00e1t phong<\/span> kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p<\/span> x\u1ea3 b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n theo. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span> th\u1ee7 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 tu, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>. Kinh Kim Cang<\/span> S\u1edb n\u00f3i : “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ec1n qua s\u00f4ng, khi thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn, n\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean b\u1edd th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng h\u00f2ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec”.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

IV- M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> khi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p<\/span> gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1)- Khi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p<\/span> gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>, t\u1ef1 do<\/span>, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7<\/span>, c\u00f3 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span>, gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span>, nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng<\/span> th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c<\/span> gia h\u1ed9<\/span>, ph\u00f9 tr\u00ec, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/span> b\u1ecb m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng<\/span>, th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau<\/span> h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> suy t\u01b0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2)- Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng t\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ea1p ni\u1ec7m chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m ti\u00eau tan<\/span> \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span> t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec3n v\u00f4ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span>. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh<\/span> t\u00e2m sinh l\u00fd<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3)- Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p<\/span> tinh t\u1ea5n gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u00ednh bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c<\/span>, do d\u1ef1<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng khi g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u1edbng duy\u00ean tr\u1eafc tr\u1edf<\/span>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span> l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh ki\u00ean tr\u00ec<\/span> gi\u00fap cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span> tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4)- Nh\u1eefng lo \u00e2u<\/span> phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n<\/span> l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m<\/span> thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u00e9o t\u00e0n<\/span> theo th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i : “N\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi thang thu\u1ed1c b\u1ed5”. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> h\u1ef7 gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i Dhammanda n\u00f3i : “B\u00ed quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> kh\u00f4ng lo \u00e2u<\/span>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n<\/span> v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9”.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

5)- M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> b\u1ea5t an<\/span>, s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> l\u00e0m cho th\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i<\/span> trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng, b\u1ef1c d\u1ecdc trong sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span>. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> khinh an gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span> nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, tr\u00fat b\u1ecf g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a lo \u00e2u<\/span>, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>. Th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i<\/span> t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/span> ung dung<\/span> trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

6)- O\u00e1n th\u00f9, chi\u1ebfn tranh, tranh ch\u1ea5p<\/span> quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i<\/span> h\u01a1n thua, ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea5y<\/span> l\u00e0m kh\u1ed5 m\u00ecnh, kh\u1ed5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c<\/span>, trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m. H\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span> ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u00ecnh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c duy\u00ean b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i sai khi\u1ebfn<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

7)- Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5<\/span> ganh gh\u00e9t<\/span>, b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 thi\u1ebfu t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ra, cho n\u00ean phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u0169ng t\u1eeb n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t sinh tr\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> x\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span>, bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span>, ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb<\/span> h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p, \u00edch k\u1ef7<\/span>, \u0111\u1eadp tan t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean<\/span> mu\u1ed1n cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> an vui, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> x\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c chi<\/span> : ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau<\/span> ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> m\u1edbi \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C. K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Qua nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> tr\u00ean, cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>: ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> b\u1ea3y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> (Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi<\/span>) m\u1edbi \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> an vui h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>: “N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb m\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i; gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t”.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

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