{"id":6842,"date":"2020-12-01T00:45:08","date_gmt":"2020-11-30T17:45:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/01\/cuu-canh-cua-thien\/"},"modified":"2020-12-01T00:45:08","modified_gmt":"2020-11-30T17:45:08","slug":"cuu-canh-cua-thien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/01\/cuu-canh-cua-thien\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u1ee9u C\u00e1nh C\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

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I. M\u1ee5c \u0110\u00edch<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

Thi\u1ec1n – d\u00f9 tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> bao th\u1ebf h\u1ec7<\/span> th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> theo th\u1eddi gian<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span>, v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> trong m\u1ecdi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau – c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00ecnh, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ean thi\u1ec1n k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4n ph\u00e1i<\/span> ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, ngay c\u1ea3 trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n. T\u1ed5 S\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n<\/span> c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Tr\u1eebng Qu\u00e1n<\/span> (738-839), T\u1ee9 t\u1ed5 Hoa nghi\u00eam t\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Trung Hoa, s\u01b0 Khu\u00ea Phong<\/span> M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span> (780-842). L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c kinh \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> thi\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0 kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0<\/span>, Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, hay Hoa Nghi\u00eam<\/span> nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m kinh<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra<\/span> ngay t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> ra \u0111\u1eddi, Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tu Thi\u1ec1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tu t\u1eadp<\/span> theo T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9<\/span>, Minh S\u00e1t Tu\u1ec7<\/span> v.v…c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n d\u00f9 Thi\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/span> hay Thi\u1ec1n Qu\u00e1n<\/span>, nh\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n Minh S\u00e1t<\/span>, Qu\u00e1n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9<\/span>, Thi\u1ec1n H\u01a1i Th\u1edf<\/span>… c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tu s\u0129<\/span> c\u0169ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u1ecfi tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>. T\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> kinh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y<\/span> hay Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>. T\u1ef1u chung, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao trong s\u1ea1ch<\/span> h\u00f3a d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> lu\u00f4n tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 v\u00ec d\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c<\/span>. Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m v\u1ed1n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh<\/span> kia nhu\u1ed1m b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i lai<\/span>. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m [tri nh\u1eadn] th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c<\/span> lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n trong s\u00e1ng<\/span> t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh<\/span>. Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh<\/span> trong s\u00e1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng b\u1ed9c l\u01b0u<\/span> sanh t\u1eed<\/span> hay thanh l\u1ecdc d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111ang l\u0103n tr\u00f4i, v\u1ed1n h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

II. Ph\u00e1p Lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n
a) Thanh l\u1ecdc d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n

D\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> lu\u00f4n tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y v\u00f4 chung<\/span> ch\u1ea1y d\u00e0i theo th\u1eddi gian<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u0103n tr\u00f4i trong kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span>. D\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span> trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, ngay c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o n\u00f3 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t<\/span>. \u1ede ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi<\/span> (kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span>) hay trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span> (t\u00e2m kh\u1ea3m) kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. S\u00e1u Th\u1ee9c ra v\u00e0o s\u00e1u C\u0103n, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tham tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> mu\u00f4n c\u1ea3nh t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eef (V\u00f4 minh<\/span>), che khu\u1ea5t<\/span> B\u1ed5n th\u1ec3 Ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0<\/span>. Do ba \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span> (Tham S\u00e2n Si<\/span>) s\u00e1u gi\u1eb7c (L\u1ee5c Th\u1ee9c<\/span> hay L\u1ee5c T\u1eb7c<\/span>), n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta<\/span> b\u1ecb m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c<\/span> v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n<\/span> th\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span>, tr\u00f4i gi\u1ea1t trong sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>, l\u0103n l\u00f3c<\/span> trong s\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> (L\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>: Thi\u00ean, Nh\u01a1n, A Tu La<\/span>, S\u00fac Sanh<\/span>, Ng\u1ea1 Qu\u1ef7<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c<\/span>), ch\u1ecbu c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ee9c<\/span> nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p l\u1ef1c, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o Th\u00e2n Kh\u1ea9u \u00dd<\/span> ch\u1ea1y theo<\/span> T\u00e2m vi\u00ean \u00dd m\u00e3<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> theo Th\u1eddi Gian<\/span> k\u1ebft t\u1ee5. D\u00f2ng T\u00e2m Th\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> b\u1edfi Nh\u1ecb Nguy\u00ean T\u00ednh<\/span> hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u0103n tr\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c. Gi\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 V\u00f4 Minh<\/span> l\u00e0 T\u00e2m B\u1ea5t An<\/span>. Mu\u1ed1n ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng ki\u1ec1m t\u1ecfa<\/span> c\u1ee7a V\u00f4 Minh<\/span> ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ta mu\u1ed1n ra kh\u1ecfi b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i (V\u00f4 Minh<\/span>) th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng (Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed). L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed ?<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tri nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c \u0110ang L\u00e0, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t Nguy\u00ean<\/span> T\u00ednh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a Tr\u00ed Th\u1ee9c<\/span> hay T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. Nh\u1ea5t Nguy\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00ec khi \u00dd T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a C\u0103n (\u00dd th\u1ee9c<\/span>) ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp<\/span>), th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c (hay T\u00e2m Th\u1ee9c<\/span>), l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00dd T\u00e1c N\u0103ng (\u00dd Tr\u00ed) \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> h\u00f3a Gi\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed (hay T\u00e2m Tr\u00ed<\/span>). T\u00e2m Th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 T\u00e2m Tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t T\u00e2m. Th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh Tr\u00ed. Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed \u0110ang L\u00e0 (hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>), d\u00f9 n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd<\/span> nh\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a<\/span> theo th\u1eddi gian<\/span>. C\u00e1i \u0110ang L\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e1t na<\/span> sanh di\u1ec7t<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>. D\u00f2ng Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed \u1ea5y tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y<\/span> l\u00e0m cho Tr\u00ed v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c li\u00ean h\u1ee3p sanh ra T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. C\u00f2n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00ean ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/span>. Do d\u00f3 Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed \u0110ang L\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e2n Tr\u00ed<\/span> hay Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7<\/span> hay c\u00e1i Tr\u00ed Nguy\u00ean S\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> ngay n\u01a1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed \u0110ang L\u00e0, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t Nguy\u00ean<\/span> T\u00ednh Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a N\u0103ng S\u1edf<\/span> song vong v\u00e0 v\u00f4 Th\u1eddi Kh\u00f4ng. V\u1eady Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span> hay T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>, hay \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd<\/span> Nh\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t Th\u1eddi Kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 T\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c hay T\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> suy ngh\u0129<\/span> b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn<\/span> m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng hai<\/span>, hay n\u00f3i<\/span> kh\u00e1c \u0111i l\u00e0Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 im l\u1eb7ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> m\u00e0 l\u00e0 H\u00e0nh l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p “B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 T\u01b0 Ngh\u1ecb”, l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 tri<\/span> ngay kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 trong d\u00f2ng duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>, l\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

III. Ph\u00e1p H\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> hay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> B\u1ea3n T\u00e2m<\/span> hay Ch\u01a1n T\u00e2m<\/span> hay Ph\u1eadt T\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh<\/span> qua ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc. Trong ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc, n\u00e0o l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam minh<\/span>, kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u<\/span> t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a<\/span>, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i trung th\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1ee9t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> am t\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u01a1n t\u00e2m<\/span> m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> minh b\u1ea1ch<\/span>, s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span> cho \u0111\u00fang. C\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p<\/span> m\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp<\/span> hay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

a) K\u1ebft C\u1ea5u T\u00e2m Th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n

R\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> khi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 Tr\u00ed, quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa khi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 V\u1ecdng T\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n T\u00e2m<\/span>. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m Tr\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i Thi\u1ec1n<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> C\u1ea3m Gi\u00e1c<\/span> (Sensation), Gi\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c (Perception hay Consciousness) Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed (Cognition) v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7<\/span> (Pure Cognition) l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

1). Nh\u1eadn Di\u1ec7n<\/span> (Sensation).<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u0169 gi\u00e1c<\/span> quan l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> v\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1ea3nh hay hay<\/span> b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt qua ng\u0169 gi\u00e1c<\/span> quan m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, khi ta th\u1ea5y con b\u00f2 l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> con b\u00f2 \u1edf v\u00f5ng m\u1ea1c cu\u1ea3 m\u1eaft m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 C\u1ea2M GI\u00c1C<\/span>. Nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, (V\u1ec1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c<\/span>) khi ta nh\u00ecn con b\u00f2, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> con b\u00f2 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u1edf v\u00f5ng m\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft, truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea9n b\u1edfi th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c<\/span> th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span> l\u00ean n\u00e3o, l\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 ta m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> con b\u00f2. Khi c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian<\/span> th\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea1y d\u00e0i trong kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span>, v\u1edbi \u1ea3nh ta v\u1eeba th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh th\u1eadt n\u1eefa (S\u1eafc t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng<\/span>: S\u1eafc l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span> (M\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na<\/span>) bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt<\/span> n\u1eefa. H\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian<\/span> th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span>. S\u1ef1 v\u1eadt huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a<\/span> theo th\u1eddi gian<\/span> v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1eadt trong kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span>. V\u1eady, khi nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> (th\u1ea5y), \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> l\u1ef1c(nghe), kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed hay h\u01a1i (ng\u1eedi), \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> k\u00edch th\u00edch<\/span> (n\u1ebfm), h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p c\u1ee7a da hay c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 (x\u00fac) l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qua ti\u1ec1n ng\u0169 c\u0103n<\/span>. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb<\/span> gi\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt chi\u1ebfm c\u1ee9 trong kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> (h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>) m\u1ed9t dung th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>: s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 dung th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u1eafng kh\u00edt nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t, th\u00ec th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u1edf v\u00f5ng m\u1ea1c m\u1eaft khi m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Do \u0111\u00f3 khi th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> \u1edf trong kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1edf v\u00f5ng m\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n

2). Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c<\/span> hay Tri Gi\u00e1c<\/span> (Perception).<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (perceive) t\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. S\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ean m\u00e0 ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 GI\u00c1C TH\u01afC (hay T\u00e2m Th\u1ee9c<\/span>: Consciousness hay Perception) ch\u1ea1y d\u00e0i theo th\u1eddi gian<\/span>. Khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> ngay ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian<\/span> n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c th\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 (ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u) hay l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n th\u1ee9c (pure perception or true consciousness). H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> con b\u00f2 l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1edfi t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span> (t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>.) T\u00e2m v\u00e0 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ec3<\/span> kh\u00f4ng, n\u00ean s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh<\/span>. L\u1ee5c c\u0103n<\/span> ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n<\/span> (th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>) sanh ra l\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c<\/span>. L\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c t\u1eb7c<\/span>, v\u00ec th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p. D\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> lu\u00f4n tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u00f3 d\u00ednh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea7n<\/span> l\u00e0m cho d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> lu\u00f4n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

3). Tri Th\u1ee9c<\/span> hay Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed (Cognition).<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y<\/span>, ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng ng\u0169 gi\u00e1c<\/span> quan. Khi ta tri nh\u1eadn (cognize) s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>, ta c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> (Cognition). Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> (V\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>), qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> hay t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>), c\u1ea3 ba th\u1eddi ch\u00fang<\/span> ta tri nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3 GI\u00c1C TR\u00cd (hay T\u00e2m Tr\u00ed<\/span>). Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, Suy Ngh\u0129<\/span>, L\u00fd Lu\u1eadn<\/span> v.v. theo th\u1eddi gian<\/span>. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> hay tri nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c n\u00ean n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c<\/span>. N\u00ean ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m duy\u00ean<\/span> \u00fd m\u00e3<\/span> v\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span> t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y t\u1eebng ph\u00fat li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> kh\u00e1c hay ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n<\/span> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1eadn d\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

4). Tri Th\u1ee9c<\/span> Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y<\/span> hay Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7<\/span> (Pure Cognition).<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Khi Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7<\/span> hay Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7<\/span> th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7<\/span> trong c\u00e1c th\u1eddi thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp<\/span>. Th\u1ef1c ra<\/span> Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong t\u1ee9 oai nghi<\/span>. V\u1eady Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7<\/span> l\u00e0 tri nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed v\u00e0 xa l\u00eca<\/span> n\u00f3 ngay. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3m Gi\u00e1c<\/span> (Sensation) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 Gi\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 (Pure Perception hay first consciousness), l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span> tri nh\u1eadn Gi\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed (Cognition l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian<\/span>) v\u00e0 xa l\u00eca<\/span> gi\u00e1c tr\u00ed ngay m\u1edbi c\u00f3 Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7<\/span> (V\u00f4 th\u1eddi gian<\/span>). V\u00ec Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7<\/span> l\u00e0 Tri Th\u1ee9c<\/span> Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y<\/span> (Pure Cognition) c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n Tr\u00ed<\/span> (V\u00f4 th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng). Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y con voi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c th\u1ee9c hay t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>, v\u00ec th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay con v\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc (C\u1ea3m Gi\u00e1c<\/span>) r\u1ed3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> (perceive) con v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con voi (hay bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 con voi, bi\u1ebft n\u1ea7y th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u0103n, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i k\u00e8m theo c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>, n\u00ean th\u1ea5y con voi, bi\u1ebft t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c hay t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> hay gi\u00e1c th\u1ee9c. N\u00ean th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> hay gi\u1ea3 danh<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00f4i). R\u1ed3i ch\u00fang ta<\/span> tri nh\u1eadn (d\u00f9ng \u00fd tr\u00ed) gi\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c tr\u00ed. V\u1eady khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con voi (th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft con voi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean) l\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c th\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean s\u01a1, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span> ta tri nh\u1eadn (Hay Bi\u1ebft: Cognize ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 perceive) gi\u00e1c th\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xa l\u00eca<\/span> c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft \u1ea5y n\u1eefa th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

b) Ph\u00e1p M\u00f4n<\/span> Tu T\u1eadp<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n
1. Ti\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/h5>\n

L\u00e0 ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/span>, tu t\u1eadp<\/span> theo theo Th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh Tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean. Khi qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u1ea7y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng<\/span> Th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Tr\u00ed li\u00ean h\u1ee3p nhau th\u00e0nh T\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 theo th\u1eddi gian<\/span> huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n Qu\u00e1n<\/span> l\u00e0 tri nh\u1eadn Gi\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed. Gi\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> theo th\u1eddi gian<\/span>. Khi T\u01b0\u1edfng Tri th\u00ec Th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Tr\u00ed lu\u00f4n n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau l\u00e0m cho ta c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> (T\u01b0 duy<\/span>, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, suy ngh\u0129<\/span>, tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/span> v.v.). V\u00ec th\u1ebf, thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>. Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span>, nh\u01b0 T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9<\/span>, Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, Ni\u1ec7m Ch\u00fa, C\u00f4ng \u00c1n<\/span>, Tho\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea7u<\/span>, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> v.v. Thi\u1ec1n Qu\u00e1n<\/span> c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u0169ng b\u00e0i tr\u00edch d\u1ea9n d\u01b0\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n

* T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 Minh S\u00e1t Tu\u1ec7<\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

“Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch<\/span> kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Thi\u1ec1n<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/span> ph\u1ea3i tu ph\u00e9p \u201cT\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9<\/span>,\u201d qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, qu\u00e1n th\u1ecd th\u1ecb kh\u1ed5<\/span>, qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>. Khi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft th\u00e2n<\/span>, th\u1ecd, t\u00e2m, ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch, kh\u1ed5, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9ng huy\u1ec5n<\/span>, th\u00ec ch\u01a1n t\u00e1nh s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y<\/span>.” (TDVA DP)<\/span><\/p>\n

* K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt Thi\u1ec1n Vipassan\u00e0 (Rhippa Panno). L. V<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKhi qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu<\/span> th\u00e2n n\u00e0y, h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> v\u00f4 hay ra c\u01a1 b\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed3ng x\u1eb9p, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 phong \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> c\u1ee9ng m\u1ec1m trong s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> gi\u1eefa ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 tay, gi\u1eefa b\u00e0n to\u1ea1<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i v.v\u2026 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> th\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span> n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t ra trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ho\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean<\/span> trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u1eddi r\u00e3<\/span>, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/span> c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Th\u00e2n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u00e2u ra c\u00e1c ng\u00e3\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

*Th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt<\/span>: (HT. Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Hoa)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt<\/span> h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span>. V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00e2m bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n, b\u1edfi t\u00e2m bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n, n\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng<\/span> (ph\u00e0m s\u1edf t\u01b0\u1edbng, giai th\u1ecb h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng<\/span>), duy c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t; kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng lai, x\u01b0a nay<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t, cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>. Ba ph\u00e1p ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 S\u1ef1, c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch ti\u1ec7m tu<\/span> v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7m qu\u00e1n. \u00d0\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 n\u1ea7y, l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 L\u00fd t\u00e1nh, cao si\u00eau h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span>, m\u1edbi ng\u1ed9 t\u00e1nh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt A Di<\/span> \u00d0\u00e0, t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh T\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng: nh\u1edd c\u00f3 S\u1ef1 m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3n ra L\u00fd. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u0169ng do Tr\u00ec danh<\/span> ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, Qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v.v… nh\u1edd l\u1ed1i d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng<\/span> tu ba ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb m\u00ecnh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u01a1n t\u00e1nh v\u1eeba y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng, v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfu soi kh\u00f4ng n\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec9, kh\u00f4ng th\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4<\/span>. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 trong Kinh t\u1ee9<\/span> Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb<\/span> Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i: “Ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 v\u00f4 ni\u1ec7m”; hay trong kinh A Di<\/span> \u00d0\u00e0 n\u00f3i: “\u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ee9t t\u00e2m<\/span> b\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1n”.<\/span><\/p>\n

* C\u00f4ng \u00c1n Tho\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea7u<\/span>: (T\u0110VATP)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ng\u1eef<\/span> trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u00e1n<\/span> t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i, th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u01b0 khi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> h\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i Tri\u1ec7u Ch\u00e2u<\/span>, \u201cCon ch\u00f3 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng?\u201d Tri\u1ec7u Ch\u00e2u<\/span> \u0110\u00e1p:<\/b> \u201cKh\u00f4ng!\u201d Nguy\u00ean c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u00e1n<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cKh\u00f4ng\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

* C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Ch\u00fa<\/span>: (Sa M\u00f4n<\/span> Th\u00edch Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u00ed<\/span>)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu ni\u1ec7m \u0110\u1ea1i-bi Ch\u00fa, Ng\u0169 B\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u00fa, Chu\u1ea9n-\u0110\u1ec1 v.v\u2026 t\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u \u00edt, tu\u1ef3 th\u1eddi gian<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. m\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn, m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9t chu\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/p>\n

* Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n: (T\u0110VADP)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

1) \u00dd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00f4. \u201cCh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>,\u201d \u201cPh\u00e1p m\u00f4n v\u00f4 m\u00f4n,\u201d \u201cTh\u00e1nh tr\u00ed v\u00f4 tr\u00ed<\/span>.\u201d S\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a<\/span> gi\u1eefa hai \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u0111en v\u00e0 tr\u1eafng, thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4<\/span>, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span>, l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp<\/span> thi\u1ec1n t\u01b0<\/span> duy s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m. \u201cPh\u00e1p th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n<\/span> m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>.\u201d \u201cKim kh\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng l\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi l\u1eddi.\u201d Nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p trong Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

2) Theo Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Junjiro Takakusu trong C\u01b0\u01a1ng Y\u1ebfu<\/span> Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span>. Khi \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0o t\u01b0 duy<\/span> t\u1ecbnh m\u1eb7c, m\u1ed9t \u2018c\u00f4ng \u00e1n\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ecf ng\u1ed9. Khi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u00e1n<\/span>, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0129nh t\u1ecda<\/span> n\u01a1i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. Ng\u1ed3i tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i<\/span>, ch\u00e2n ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0<\/span>, th\u00e2n ngay ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng l\u01b0ng, tay ki\u1ebft thi\u1ec1n \u1ea5n, m\u1eaft m\u1edf n\u1eeda ch\u1eebng. \u0110\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam. Nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u1edf, \u0103n, ng\u1ee7, t\u0103m, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c<\/span>. Im l\u1eb7ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khi t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hay t\u1ea9y tr\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> g\u00e2y ra ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> n\u00e0o. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng<\/span> c\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p\u2019 gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 tu h\u1ecdc<\/span> thi\u1ec1n hay \u2018v\u00e2n th\u1ee7y,\u2019 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> n\u00eau nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng \u1ea9n d\u1ee5<\/span> hay qu\u00e1t m\u1eafng. Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng s\u01b0 ph\u1ee5<\/span> n\u01a1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span> c\u00f4ng \u00e1n<\/span>. N\u1ebfu thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u1eafc \u00fd<\/span>, ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> th\u00eam n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

* Thi\u1ec1n-na (T\u0110VADP)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>. Trung t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec3m cao c\u1ee7a v\u1ebb m\u1ef9 l\u1ec7, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u1ea1ng r\u00f5 v\u00e0 tinh thu\u1ea7n<\/span> nh\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y \u0111i v\u00e0 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng chuy\u1ebfn nh\u00e0n du th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span>, trong khi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o v\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 r\u01a1i \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>; ho\u1eb7c trong khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1<\/span> t\u1ecfa kh\u1eafp chung quanh, bao tr\u00f9m tr\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n. Th\u1eadt ra, \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m<\/span> tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp trong h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span>. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y, Thi\u1ec1n-na th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (S\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n<\/span>), di\u1ec5n ra.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span>, ph\u00e1p ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, ch\u00fa l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1ch<\/span>, d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u1ed1<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00edt k\u00edn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> b\u1eb1ng l\u1ee5c t\u1ef1<\/span> hay c\u00e2u ch\u00fa qua th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd<\/span>, d\u00f9 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> (c\u00e2u ch\u00fa) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung chuy\u00ean nh\u1ee9t<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp<\/span> hay m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a<\/span>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> m\u1ecdi v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch<\/span> v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0<\/span> V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Quang<\/span> hay \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Ri\u00eang tham tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>, tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span>, khi ch\u01b0a n\u1ed5i ni\u1ec7m mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i ni\u1ec7m mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i ra mi\u1ec7ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tho\u1ea1i v\u0129 r\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m ch\u01b0a sanh. Tham l\u00e0 nghi, nghi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft th\u00ec h\u1ebft nghi, h\u1ebft nghi t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1eady tham tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn ngay ch\u1ed7 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m ch\u01b0a sanh, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec. Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghi t\u00ecnh<\/span>, c\u00f3 nghi t\u00ecnh<\/span> m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>. Do nghi t\u00ecnh<\/span>,\u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn t\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span>, d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng \u00e1n<\/span> hay tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> m\u00e0 nghi t\u00ecnh<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp<\/span>. ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt<\/span> Ni\u1ec7m Ch\u00fa k\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 Thi\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span> Gi\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c hay Gi\u00e1c Tr\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian<\/span> n\u00ean Th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Tr\u00ed li\u00ean h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh T\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u1ee9c hay T\u01b0 Duy<\/span> v.v…, cho n\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean<\/span> ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1ch<\/span> –m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy nh\u1ee9t<\/span> v\u00e0 mi\u00ean m\u1eadt h\u00e0nh<\/span> tr\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb h\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> do nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c<\/span> d\u1ea9n — v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> (ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ee9t<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u00e1n<\/span> hay tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> , l\u1ee5c t\u1ef1<\/span> c\u00e2u ch\u00fa v.v…, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp<\/span> hay nh\u1ee9t ni\u1ec7m v\u00f4 minh<\/span>) n\u00ean gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> ch\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecbt kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng tri \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n<\/span> b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>. Hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp<\/span> tr\u00ed n\u0103ng<\/span> t\u00ecnh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 trong s\u1ea1ch<\/span> h\u00f3a ch\u00fang theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh<\/span>, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span> m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. C\u00e1c ti\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap cho d\u00f2ng t\u01b0 duy<\/span> c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u t\u1eadn b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129<\/span>, t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, k\u00fd \u1ee9c, thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i M\u1ea1c- Na- th\u1ee9c hay trong A-L\u1ea1i-Da-th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i trung th\u1ef1c<\/span>, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i sai l\u1ea1c<\/span> v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n<\/span> v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169. \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u0169 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi\u1ebfm di\u1ec7n (k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng). Do \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft do t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c suy ngh\u0129<\/span> l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> so \u0111o, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f3 do ti\u1ec1n ng\u0169 c\u0103n<\/span> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span>, n\u00ean s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>, l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span> ph\u00e0m phu<\/span>, ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> h\u01a1n, c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span> nh\u01b0 suy ngh\u0129<\/span> r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Th\u1eafng tri hay li\u1ec5u tri<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng so \u0111o, kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129<\/span> v\u1ea9n v\u01a1<\/span>, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c h\u1ef7 m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ch\u01a1n tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00e1nh<\/span> tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span>. cho t\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A-La-H\u00e1n th\u00ec \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham s\u00e2n si<\/span> Tuy v\u1eady, khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> v\u00e0o tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u00e1nh, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c h\u1ef7, tham d\u1ee5c<\/span> s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span> si m\u00ea<\/span>, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c sau: s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> c\u00e1c \u00e1i, s\u1ef1 ly tham<\/span>, s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t<\/span>, s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3 ly, s\u1ef1 tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> c\u00e1c \u00e1i, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span> ng\u1ed9 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> trong s\u00e1ng<\/span>. Ti\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p v\u00ec tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> nh\u01b0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7t ra, t\u01b0\u1edfng tri, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai<\/span> th\u00eam theo t\u01b0 duy<\/span> d\u00f9 trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n<\/span> b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span>, nh\u01b0 thi\u1ec1n h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span>: Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> m\u1ef9 l\u1ec7”. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y khi ta bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, v\u00e0 n\u0103m gi\u00e1c quan<\/span> (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span>), m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> m\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ri\u00eang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 trong kinh “Ph\u00e1p M\u00f4n C\u0103n B\u1ea3n” (M\u00f9lapariy\u00e0ya sutra thu\u00f4c kinh trung b\u1ed9<\/span> do HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span> Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch, ch\u1eef nghi\u00eang), Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e0m Phu<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

— N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 k\u1ebb ph\u00e0m phu<\/span> \u00edt nghe, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c<\/span> ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Ch\u01a1n nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c<\/span> ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Ch\u01a1n nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Ch\u01a1n nh\u00e2n, t\u01b0\u1edfng tri \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>. V\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edfng tri \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ngh\u0129: “\u00d0\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta” – d\u1ee5c h\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady? Ta n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec5u tri<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edfng tri th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>. V\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edfng tri th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> v\u1edbi th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ngh\u0129: “Th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta” – d\u1ee5c h\u1ef7 th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady? Ta n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec5u tri<\/span> th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edfng tri. phong \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edfng tri Sanh v\u1eadt, ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>, Sanh ch\u1ee7<\/span>, Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>, Quang \u00e2m thi\u00ean<\/span>, Bi\u1ebfn t\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean<\/span>, Qu\u1ea3ng qu\u1ea3 thi\u00ean<\/span>, Abhibh\u00f9 (Th\u1eafng Gi\u1ea3<\/span>)…<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edfng tri Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9<\/span>,Th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9<\/span>, V\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9<\/span>, Phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9<\/span>…<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edfng tri s\u1edf ki\u1ebfn<\/span>, s\u1edf v\u0103n, s\u1edf t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m, s\u1edf tri<\/span>…<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edfng tri \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3…<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edfng tri Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. V\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edfng tri Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ngh\u0129: “Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta” – d\u1ee5c h\u1ef7 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady? Ta n\u00f3i: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec5u tri<\/span> Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ecb h\u1eefu<\/span> h\u1ecdc<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, c\u00f3 T\u1ef7-kheo, h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc<\/span> t\u00e2m ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>, \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> an \u1ed5n<\/span> kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch<\/span>. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1eafng tri \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>. V\u00ec th\u1eafng tri \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129: “\u00d0\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta”, - kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c h\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady? Ta n\u00f3i v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u1ec5u tri<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1eafng tri th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>… h\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>… phong \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>… Sanh v\u1eadt… ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>… Sanh ch\u1ee7<\/span>… Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>… Quang \u00e2m thi\u00ean<\/span>… Bi\u1ebfn t\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean<\/span>… Qu\u1ea3ng qu\u1ea3 thi\u00ean<\/span>… Abhibh\u00f9 (Th\u1eafng Gi\u1ea3<\/span>)… Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9<\/span>… Th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9<\/span>… V\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9<\/span>… Phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9<\/span>… s\u1edf ki\u1ebfn<\/span>… s\u1edf v\u0103n… s\u1edf t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m… s\u1edf tri<\/span>… \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t… sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span>… t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3…<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1eafng tri Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n; v\u00ec th\u1eafng tri Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129: “Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta” – kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c h\u1ef7 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady? Ta n\u00f3i v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u1ec5u tri<\/span> Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1eadc A-La-H\u00e1n.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eafng<\/span> tri \u0111\u1ec3 li\u1ec5u tri<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt (ph\u00e1p ch\u00e1nh<\/span> tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span>) kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tam \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span>. B\u1eadc I bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p li\u1ec5u tri<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c h\u1ef7. B\u1eadc \u00ccI bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p li\u1ec5u tri<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham d\u1ee5c<\/span>. B\u1eadc III bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p li\u1ec5u tri<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c h\u1ef7, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>. B\u1eadc IV bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p li\u1ec5u tri<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c h\u1ef7, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si m\u00ea<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 B\u1eadc A-La- H\u00e1n III v\u00e0 IV:<\/span><\/p>\n

* B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n – III v\u00e0 IV<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, c\u00f3 T\u1ef7-kheo l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn, tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> th\u00e0nh m\u00e3n, c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng<\/span> xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn tr\u1eeb h\u1eefu ki\u1ebft s\u1eed<\/span>, ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1eafng tri \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>. V\u00ec th\u1eafng tri \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129: “\u00d0\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta” – kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c h\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady? V\u00ec v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>, nh\u1edd s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1eafng tri th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>… h\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>… V\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1eafng tri Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. V\u00ec th\u1eafng tri Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129: “Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta” – kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c h\u1ef7 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady? V\u00ec v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>, nh\u1edd s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb va v\u00ec v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 si m\u00ea<\/span>, nh\u1edd si m\u00ea<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh Qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y<\/span> v\u1ec1 A La H\u00e1n<\/span> trong kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa<\/span>:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

1) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y bu\u1ed9c r\u00e0ng, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch (Dharmapada 90)<\/span><\/p>\n

2) K\u1ebb d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng<\/span> \u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span> t\u1ea1i gia<\/span>, v\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span> con ng\u1ed7ng khi ra kh\u1ecfi ao, ch\u00fang b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i cl\u1ea1i c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 ao h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat nh\u1edb ti\u1ebfc (Dharmapada 91).<\/span><\/p>\n

3) Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a<\/span> t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span>, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> s\u1ef1 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng<\/span>, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111i trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u201ckh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d nh\u01b0 chim bay gi\u1eefa h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> (Dharmapada 92).<\/span><\/p>\n

4) Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c l\u1eadu, kh\u00f4ng tham \u0111\u1eafm u\u1ed1ng \u0103n, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111i trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u201ckh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d nh\u01b0 chim bay gi\u1eefa h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> (Dharmapada 93).<\/span><\/p>\n

5) Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u0103n, nh\u01b0 t\u00ean k\u1ef5 m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ef1a l\u00e0nh, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng nh\u01a1n thi\u00ean k\u00ednh m\u1ed9 (Dharmapada 94).<\/span><\/p>\n

6) Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng<\/span> s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>, t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng, l\u1ea1i ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh<\/span> ki\u00ean c\u1ed1<\/span> nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0 y\u1ebft la, nh\u01b0 ao b\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng b\u00f9n, n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> xoay chuy\u1ec3n (Dharmapada 95).<\/span><\/p>\n

7) Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng<\/span>, ng\u1eef nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng<\/span>, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u1ed5n<\/span> lu\u00f4n (Dharmapada 96).<\/span><\/p>\n

8) Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i tin ai, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00f4 vi<\/span>, d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span> nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>, c\u00f9ng qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o<\/span> r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/span>, l\u00f2ng tham d\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u0169ng xa l\u00eca<\/span>. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u0129<\/span> (Dharmapada 97).<\/span><\/p>\n

9) D\u00f9 \u1edf x\u00f3m l\u00e0ng, d\u00f9 \u1edf r\u1eebng n\u00fai, d\u00f9 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng, d\u00f9 \u1edf g\u00f2 tr\u1ee7ng, d\u00f9 \u1edf bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 hay \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, d\u00f9 \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u1ed1n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> y\u00ean vui (Dharmapada 98).<\/span><\/p>\n

10) L\u00e2m d\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh r\u1ea5t vui \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng \u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span>, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span> d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh \u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n l\u1ea1i l\u00e1nh xa<\/span> (Dharmapada 99).(T\u0110PHVATP)<\/span><\/p>\n

b. \u0110\u1ed1n Ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n

C\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span> Ph\u00e1pThi\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ed1n Ng\u1ed9<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9<\/span> Gi\u1ea3i Tho\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u1ecfi d\u00f2ng b\u1ed9c l\u01b0u<\/span> sanh t\u1eed<\/span> v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> ch\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecbt v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp<\/span> th\u00e2m s\u00e2u<\/span> d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean trong s\u1ea1ch<\/span>. V\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span> c\u00e1i h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c<\/span>, ta x\u1ea3 ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00f4 th\u00eam n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c<\/span> (nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c<\/span>) n\u1eefa, th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c<\/span> (d\u00f2ng T\u00e2m Th\u1ee9c<\/span>) d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span> s\u1ebd h\u1ebft t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ednh v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c<\/span>. L\u00fac s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u00ec l\u00fac ch\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao b\u1ecb d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> (nghi\u1ec7p) qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec3u. Khi ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1ea5n v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, th\u00ec th\u1ec3 tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1eady. Trong t\u1ee9 oai nghi<\/span>, l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0129nh gi\u00e1c. (Thi\u1ec1n: M\u1ed9t Lo\u1ea1i Tri Th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m Tr\u00ed<\/span>. Ph\u1ed5 Nguy\u1ec7t, 2006)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span>, th\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> hay l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> , l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span>, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft s\u00e1t-na hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n<\/span>, l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>, v\u00ec t\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u00fd tr\u00ed t\u00e1c n\u0103ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c th\u00ec bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft. Bi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 do ch\u1ee7 \u00fd<\/span> t\u1ef1 do<\/span>. Nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, t\u00e1nh H\u01b0 Kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>: \u2019\u2019A Nan ! Ng\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft trong T\u1ea1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, “T\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c\u2019\u2019 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, \u2018\u2019H\u01b0 Kh\u00f4ng\u2019\u2019 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u2018\u2019Thi\u1ec7t T\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c\u2019\u2019, thanh t\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>…\u2019\u2019 V\u1eady Thi\u1ec7t T\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c hay T\u1ef1 T\u00ednh<\/span> Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> hay T\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00ec “Trong s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft” nh\u01b0 trong kinh S\u00e1u X\u1ee9<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, do th\u1ea5y v\u1eady, v\u1ecb \u00d0a v\u0103n Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> y\u1ebfm ly<\/span> m\u1eaft, y\u1ebfm ly<\/span> c\u00e1c s\u1eafc, y\u1ebfm ly<\/span> nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c<\/span>; y\u1ebfm ly<\/span> nh\u00e3n x\u00fac, y\u1ebfm ly<\/span> th\u1ecd, y\u1ebfm ly<\/span> \u00e1i. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y y\u1ebfm ly<\/span> tai, y\u1ebfm ly<\/span> c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng, y\u1ebfm ly<\/span> m\u0169i, y\u1ebfm ly<\/span> c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng; y\u1ebfm ly<\/span> l\u01b0\u1ee1i, y\u1ebfm ly<\/span> c\u00e1c v\u1ecb; y\u1ebfm ly<\/span> th\u00e2n, y\u1ebfm ly<\/span> c\u00e1c x\u00fac; y\u1ebfm ly<\/span> \u00fd, y\u1ebfm ly<\/span> c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p; y\u1ebfm ly<\/span> \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>, y\u1ebfm ly<\/span> \u00fd x\u00fac, y\u1ebfm ly<\/span> th\u1ecd, y\u1ebfm ly<\/span> \u00e1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do y\u1ebfm ly<\/span>, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ly tham<\/span>. Do ly tham<\/span> v\u1ecb \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. Trong s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>: “Ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t”. V\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y tu\u1ec7 tri<\/span>: “Sanh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn, Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf lui tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> n\u00e0y n\u1eefa”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo \u1ea5y hoan h\u1ef7<\/span> t\u00edn th\u1ecd<\/span> l\u1eddi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> d\u1ea1y. Trong khi s\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00ean, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i T\u1ef7-kheo \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span>.” (HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span> Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch)<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u00f3at l\u00e0 xa l\u00eca<\/span> m\u1ecdi sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u00fac th\u1ecd \u00e1i r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/span>.”trong s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>.” Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>, l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 tri<\/span>, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft v\u00f4 th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng, trong s\u00e1t na<\/span> hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n<\/span>. Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> tu\u1ec7 tri<\/span> (bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Tr\u00ed) v\u1ec1 l\u1ee5c c\u0103n<\/span>, l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n<\/span>, hay l\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c<\/span>, T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, th\u00ec x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb h\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi sanh. Nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> qu\u00e1n, “tu\u1ec7 tri” Sanh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn, Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf lui tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> n\u00e0y n\u1eefa” th\u00ec d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> ng\u1eebng ch\u1ea3y (v\u00f4 th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129<\/span> th\u00eam quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> , hay t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> g\u00ec v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u00f3. Khi x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi sanh trong t\u00e2m, th\u00ec \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ba \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span>, th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00eam n\u1eefa trong kinh Ph\u00e1p M\u00f4n C\u0103n B\u1ea3n<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span> gi\u1ea3ng:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ea5ng Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> .<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>, d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eafng<\/span> tri hay ph\u00e1p ch\u00e1nh<\/span> tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 li\u1ec5u tri<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c h\u1ef7, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span> c\u00e1c \u00e1i, s\u1ef1 ly tham<\/span> s\u00e2n si<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span> ng\u1ed9 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00d0\u1ea5ng Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> – II I v\u00e0 IV.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, Ch\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, th\u1eafng tri \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>. V\u00ec th\u1eafng tri \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129: “\u00d0\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta” – kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c h\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady? V\u00ec Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “D\u1ee5c h\u1ef7 l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>, t\u1eeb h\u1eefu, sanh kh\u1edfi<\/span> l\u00ean, v\u00e0 gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt”. Do v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, Ta n\u00f3i v\u00ec Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> c\u00e1c \u00e1i, s\u1ef1 ly tham<\/span>, s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t<\/span>, s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3 ly, s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> c\u00e1c \u00e1i, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span> ng\u1ed9 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> th\u1eafng tri th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>… h\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>… Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> th\u1eafng tri Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. V\u00ec th\u1eafng tri Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129: ”Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ta” — kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c h\u1ef7 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady? V\u00ec Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “D\u1ee5c h\u1ef7 l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>, t\u1eeb h\u1eefu, sanh kh\u1edfi<\/span> l\u00ean, v\u00e0 gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt”. Do v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, Ta n\u00f3i v\u00ec Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> c\u00e1c \u00e1i, s\u1ef1 ly tham<\/span>, s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t<\/span>, s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3 ly, s\u1ef1 tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> c\u00e1c \u00e1i, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span> ng\u1ed9 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>.”<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span>. C\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo \u1ea5y hoan h\u1ef7<\/span> t\u00edn th\u1ecd<\/span> l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9<\/span> l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tri nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 th\u1eb3ng<\/span> t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh, n\u1eafm b\u1eaft tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft s\u00e1t-na hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u1eddi gian<\/span>. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n<\/span> chi\u1ebfu trong ngo\u00e0i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0<\/span> th\u1eadt l\u1ee5c c\u0103n<\/span> l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n<\/span> l\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c<\/span>, n\u00f3i chung th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0<\/span> ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0<\/span> th\u1eadt. Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu<\/span> s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span> l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 tri<\/span> hay bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> (do b\u1ed5n t\u00e2m) c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u1edf ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa.. Khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu<\/span> c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p hay c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ni\u1ec7m<\/span>; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c c\u0103n<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> v\u1edbi s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n<\/span> n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c, ta tri nh\u1eadn tr\u1ecdn ven ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y con b\u00f2 (gi\u00e1c th\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean s\u01a1), bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh th\u1ea5y<\/span> (con b\u00f2) th\u00f4i (gi\u00e1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>), (ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y con b\u00f2 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa; n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft con b\u00f2 r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> th\u00eam \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> con b\u00f2 hay th\u00eam tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa th\u00ec t\u1ea1o ra quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sanh \u00e1i th\u1ee7 h\u1eefu, l\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra d\u00e2y oan tr\u00e1i, l\u00e0 t\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m r\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ni\u1ec7m<\/span>.) V\u00f4 ni\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00f3i theo t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>. Khi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u01a1n th\u1ee9c, r\u1ed3i tri nh\u1eadn ch\u01a1n th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ta th\u1ea5y (C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>) h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> con v\u1eadt, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u00e0 con b\u00f2 (nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c<\/span> hay t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>, gi\u00e1c th\u1ee9c) tri nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c tr\u00ed); v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con b\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u01a1n th\u1ee9c, r\u1ed3i tri nh\u1eadn ch\u01a1n th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 trong kinh Kim Cang<\/span> Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c t\u00e2m<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp<\/span> (ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>) v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> (v\u00f4 vi ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span>: h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa. N\u00ean mu\u1ed1n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c t\u00e2m<\/span> (v\u00f4 ni\u1ec7m<\/span>), h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> tr\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> (qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu<\/span>) th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, ngay \u0111\u00f3 l\u00eca t\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> (Xa b\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u1edbng: Ng\u00e3, Nh\u00e2n, Ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>, Th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3<\/span>, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt). K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn t\u00e1nh<\/span> l\u00e0 tri nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c tr\u00ed. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1c tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian<\/span> v\u1eabn c\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c sanh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u1ea9n v\u01a1<\/span> n\u00ean xem nh\u01b0<\/span> l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c th\u1ee9c, t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>, hay v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/span>. D\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y<\/span>, tam th\u1eddi<\/span> b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc<\/span>. Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 qua ti\u1ec1n ng\u0169 c\u0103n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m sao n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng s\u00e1t na<\/span> sanh di\u1ec7t<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n<\/span> nh\u1eafm ngay th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c tr\u00ed \u0111ang l\u00e0. V\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u00f9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m. C\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng, c\u00e1i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n. Cho n\u00ean BT Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> n\u00f3i, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1eadt trong c\u00e1i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn. Th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp<\/span> th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 trong d\u00f2ng duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> hay gi\u1ea3 danh<\/span>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>.V\u1eady c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1eadt trong c\u00e1i v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/span>, hai c\u00e1i tuy hai m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t<\/span>, v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>. V\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> n\u00ean nh\u1edb, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 minh t\u00e2m<\/span> ki\u1ebfn t\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u00fd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ni\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Hu\u00ea N\u0103ng,<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hay c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft sat-na hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n<\/span> l\u00e0: kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng nh\u01a1, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> m\u1ecdi sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> hay v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m (th\u1ee9c) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p do \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt b\u1edfi duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3<\/span> danh sanh. D\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> lu\u00f4n tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y<\/span> theo th\u1eddi gian<\/span> m\u00e0 duy\u00ean theo x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, \u00e1i g\u00e2y ra th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn<\/span>, ba \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span> t\u00f9y mi\u00ean<\/span>, tham s\u00e2n si<\/span>. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m<\/span> th\u1ee9c v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hay v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, ch\u00fang thay \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u00f4n, n\u00ean ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> v\u00ec duy\u00ean x\u00fac th\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u00e1i l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n<\/span> theo th\u1eddi gian<\/span> t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na<\/span> sanh di\u1ec7t<\/span> lu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9. Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn<\/span>, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn ba \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span> l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> m\u1edbi r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch m\u1ecdi sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111ang tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y<\/span> l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf lui tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c<\/span> n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh Qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00e1nh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> (Tathagata), theo Ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> trong Trung Qu\u00e1n Lu\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00e0:.<\/span><\/p>\n

1) Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> v\u00e0 T\u1eeb bi-Sunyata and Karuna: Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1eeb bi<\/span> l\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3<\/span> hay tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span>. V\u1ed1n s\u1eb5n kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> ho\u1eb7c B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3<\/span> cho n\u00ean Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span>; v\u1ed1n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb bi<\/span> cho n\u00ean Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n h\u1eefu ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Khi n\u00f3i \u2018s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n h\u1eefu ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n h\u1eefu ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u2019 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec<\/span>. Trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u00ec Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> l\u00e0 \u2018c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u00e2m s\u00e2u<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u2019 C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p hay nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>. B\u1eadc Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 v\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf trong Trung Qu\u00e1n<\/span> T\u1ee5ng, Ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 sanh<\/span> v\u00f4 t\u1eed; nh\u1eefng ai x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed<\/span> tu\u1ec7 b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> b\u1edfi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span>, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> trong b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span> \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.\u201d (T\u0110PHVATP)<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n Tham Kh\u1ea3o<\/span>: Qu\u00e1n H\u01a1i Th\u1edf<\/span>: M\u00f4t Ph\u00e1p Thi\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ed1n Ng\u1ed9<\/span>. (Ph\u1ed5 Nguy\u1ec7t, 2006)<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa V\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 \u00dd Th\u1ee9c<\/span>. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u00f4i ra nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m tr\u1edf n\u00ean trong s\u00e1ng<\/span>. Qu\u00e1n h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9<\/span> t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> v\u00ec n\u00f3 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh th\u00eam m\u1ecdi t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> thi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c. Trong \u0110\u1ea1i Kinh S\u00e1u X\u1ee9<\/span> Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, “Th\u1ea5y Bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 Ch\u01a1n l\u1ee5c c\u0103n<\/span> l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n<\/span>, l\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c<\/span> v.v…”. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng<\/span> qu\u00e1n t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9t kh\u1edfi<\/span> ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y<\/span> trong T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9a trong v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3 ra nh\u1eefng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>, nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1eeb trong th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span>; nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span> h\u1ebft, v\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y<\/span> t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u00e0 trinh nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c<\/span> (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> b\u00ean trong), kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat d\u00ednh d\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> hay t\u01b0 duy<\/span>, tha l\u1ef1c<\/span> (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n) hay nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/span>..<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1eady, sau khi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ecdi th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c<\/span> ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tu t\u1eadp<\/span> qu\u00e1n h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi h\u00edt h\u01a1i v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> hay nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> lu\u1ed3ng h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> v\u00e0o, bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i th\u1edf v\u00f4.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi th\u1edf h\u01a1i ra, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> hay nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> lu\u1ed3ng h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> ra, bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i th\u1edf ra<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> ni\u1ec7m bi\u1ebft<\/span> t\u1eebng h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> ni\u1ec7m bi\u1ebft<\/span> trong t\u1ee9 oai nghi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> ra, v\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> qu\u00e1n h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> hay t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>. V\u1eady khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> qu\u00e1n h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> (thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>) n\u00f3 r\u1ed3i ta tri nh\u1eadn (t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>) th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi v\u00f4 th\u1eddi gian<\/span> ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>.Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ng\u1ed3i v\u1edbi hai m\u1eaft kh\u00e9p m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat th\u00f4i, v\u00e0 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span>. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1edf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1edf qua l\u1ed7 m\u0169i, \u0111\u1eebng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span> ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/span> h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span>, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span> v\u1ec1 h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> khi h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra hai l\u1ed7 m\u0169i. C\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> ch\u00fa \u00fd b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/span> v\u00e0o n\u00f3, v\u00e0 g\u00e1c b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u00f3 l\u00fac ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> b\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed1ng l\u00ean x\u1ed9p xu\u1ed1ng, li\u1ec1n bi\u1ebft b\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed3ng l\u00ean, b\u1ee5ng x\u1ed9p xu\u1ed1ng, hay nghe ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, ta bi\u1ebft nghe ti\u1ebfng, ho\u1ea1c khi ng\u1ee9a, ta bi\u1ebft ng\u1ee9a, khi ta g\u00e3i, bi\u1ebft ta <\/span>g\u00e3i <\/span>ng\u1ee9a, v.v…<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa \u00dd: Trong \u0111\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p<\/span> (ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span>) ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (ph\u00e1p) c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> nh\u01b0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span>, b\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed3ng l\u00ean x\u1ed9p xu\u1ed1ng, ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng l\u1ee5c c\u0103n<\/span> nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u00e0nh l\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c<\/span> hay t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>, r\u1ed3i tri nh\u1eadn t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u1ea5y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span> hay gi\u00e1c tr\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1c tr\u00ed, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> v\u00ec gi\u00e1c tr\u00ed v\u00f4 th\u1eddi gian<\/span> t\u1ee9c gi\u00e1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> v\u1eady. Nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> tri th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>, ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n t\u0129nh gi\u00e1c, d\u00f9 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m (l\u00fac t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi) th\u00ec tu\u1ec7 tri<\/span> n\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, c\u00f2n h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn th\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> hay \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> trong th\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ea3m Gi\u00e1c<\/span> + Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c= T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tri nh\u1eadn t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> = Tri th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> + v\u00f4 tr\u1ee5<\/span> (phi th\u1eddi<\/span> gian) = tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> hay gi\u00e1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>: khi th\u1ea5y con b\u00f2 (ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> con b\u00f2 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c<\/span>), ta bi\u1ebft (tri nh\u1eadn) l\u00e0 con b\u00f2 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft s\u00e1t- na hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng sanh di\u1ec7t<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng nh\u01a1, l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c v\u1eady, l\u00e0 t\u00e2m tri nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

IV. K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

Khi c\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh hay t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> thanh l\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 tan c\u00e1i kho ch\u1ee9a nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> cho t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Tuy v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> thanh l\u1ecdc t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y, c\u0169ng c\u00f2n t\u00e0n d\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp, hay nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u0169 \u0111ang n\u1eb1m trong kho ch\u1ee9a nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. Khi g\u1eb7p \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> m\u1edbi. Do v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 thanh l\u1ecdc c\u00e1i t\u00e2m v\u1ed1n mang \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3<\/span> v\u00e0 mi\u00ean m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u \u0111i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> s\u00fac s\u1ea1ch kho nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169 l\u1eabn m\u1edbi th\u00ec kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00f3\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi d\u00f2ng b\u1ed9c l\u01b0u<\/span> sanh t\u1eed<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u00e3i lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t. D\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp tu t\u1eadp<\/span> gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> nghi\u00eam minh<\/span> d\u00f9ng thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> hay thi\u1ec1n n\u00f3i chung (ti\u1ec7m hay \u0111\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p<\/span>), m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 trong s\u1ea1ch<\/span> h\u00f3a tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3<\/span> t\u00ecnh n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ed n\u0103ng<\/span> (th\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span>), c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span> l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5 tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n<\/span>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u00f9ng v\u0103n t\u01b0 tu<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> t\u1ea7m t\u01b0 duy<\/span> s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span> (ti\u1ec7m tu<\/span>) n\u1eafm b\u1eaft th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m<\/span> (t\u1eeb ti\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9<\/span>) \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/span> Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> ki\u00ean c\u1ed1<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> duy tr\u00ec<\/span> s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> bi tr\u00ed<\/span> d\u0169ng m\u1edbi mong \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>. T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y d\u00f9ng qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7m tu<\/span> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> b\u1eadc A-La-H\u00e1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t<\/span> h\u1ebft ma ch\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> n\u00e3o phi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 sanh<\/span> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p lu\u00e2n<\/span> h\u1ed3i sanh t\u1eed<\/span>. Cho t\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> c\u00e1c \u00e1i, s\u1ef1 ly tham<\/span>, s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t<\/span>, s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3 ly, s\u1ef1 tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> c\u00e1c \u00e1i, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span> ng\u1ed9 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span> (Tr\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m<\/span>, lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9<\/span>) h\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> ki\u00ean c\u1ed1<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng tri<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed<\/span> trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/span> tam h\u1ecdc<\/span> “gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7” hay sao?<\/span><\/p>\n

Tham kh\u1ea3o<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n

C\u1ed1t T\u1ee7y c\u00e1c Kinh C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Ph\u1ed5 Nguy\u1ec7t, 2006, \u0111\u0103ng trong website T\u1ea1ng Th\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

http\/\/:www.tangthuphathoc.com<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh Ph\u00e1p M\u00f4n C\u0103n B\u1ea3n<\/span> (M\u00f9lapariy\u00e0ya sutra). Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/span> (Majjhima Nikaya). Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span> Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch<\/span><\/p>\n

(Ch\u1eef nghi\u00eang) \u0111\u0103ng trong website Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00fac (Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n<\/span>): http:\/\/www.quangduc.com\/<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u0110PHVATP. T\u1ef1 \u0110i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc<\/span> Vi\u1ec7t Anh. Thi\u1ec7n Ph\u00fac \u0111\u0103ng trong website Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n: M\u1ed9t Lo\u1ea1i Tri Th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m Tr\u00ed<\/span>. Ph\u1ed5 Nguy\u1ec7t, 2006, \u0111\u0103ng trong website T\u1ea1ng Th\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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