{"id":6865,"date":"2020-12-01T00:50:56","date_gmt":"2020-11-30T17:50:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/01\/phat-giao-va-tu-do-tu-tuong\/"},"modified":"2020-12-01T00:50:56","modified_gmt":"2020-11-30T17:50:56","slug":"phat-giao-va-tu-do-tu-tuong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/01\/phat-giao-va-tu-do-tu-tuong\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o V\u00e0 T\u1ef1 Do T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng"},"content":{"rendered":"

[ad_1]
\n<\/p>\n


PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O<\/span> v\u00e0 T\u1ef0 DO<\/span> T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG<\/span><\/span><\/b>

<\/b><\/span><\/span>1. \u00d0\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT<\/span><\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> uy\u00ean th\u00e2m<\/span> nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> gia, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft<\/span> ph\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n vi\u00ean, nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch<\/span> th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span> nh\u1ea5t, v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> s\u01b0 t\u1eeb bi<\/span> nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t. \u00d0\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i qu\u00e1 thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1eabu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span> nh\u1ea5t, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> s\u00e2u s\u1eafc b\u1edfi c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00dd ch\u00ed<\/span>, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span>, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf<\/span>, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i – t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n hoan ngh\u00eanh<\/span> \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e3nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/span> t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span> trong vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> sanh. Ng\u00e0i du h\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u1eeb n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c<\/span> trong 45 n\u0103m, truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft<\/span> ph\u00e1p cho c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang l\u1eabn t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c<\/span>, vua ch\u00faa, qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c v.v… M\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> l\u00fac s\u1eafp nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> cho qu\u1ea7n sanh<\/span> b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eabn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng xu d\u00ednh t\u00fai – h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 du h\u00e0nh<\/span> kh\u1eafp \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eb1m truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span> cho qu\u1ea7n sanh<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i<\/span> b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u201cH\u00e3y n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span> tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi di hu\u1ea5n<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u00edch T\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> hay thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> h\u00f3a n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 van xin<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e3y n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec1n s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/span> th\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span>, s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00fang<\/span> sanh kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> sanh t\u1eed<\/span> n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ai n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y, \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng thuy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u1eabn tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> th\u00ec r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>. V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hy sinh<\/span> s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m linh<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> hi\u1ec7n nay.
Pandit Nehru, c\u1ef1u th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9, th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ccon\u201d v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129<\/span> S.Radhakrishnan m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia<\/span>, khi ”d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn” nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ca ng\u1ee3i<\/span> t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau: <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u201cTrong \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ed3 \u00d0\u00e0m, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh<\/span> kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00d0\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp<\/span> c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u0129 nh\u00e2n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c<\/span>. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u201d. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> \u201cBa nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d, s\u1eed gia H.G.Wells vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cTrong \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, t\u1eadn t\u00e2m<\/span>, \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span> tranh \u0111\u1ea5u<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> – m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span>, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> r\u1ea5t sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed. Ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> hay nh\u1ea5t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> hi\u1ec7n nay c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p<\/span>, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n<\/span> l\u00e0 do t\u00ednh \u00edch k\u1ef7<\/span> sinh ra. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng<\/span>, anh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>. Th\u00ec sau \u0111\u00f3, anh ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc v\u0129 nh\u00e2n. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>, \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>.\u201d <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> nh\u01b0ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n<\/span>. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt, ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u01a1i c\u00f5i ta b\u00e0<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u1ecfi bi\u1ec3n m\u00ea. Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n<\/span> b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh anh ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> si\u00eau nhi\u00ean<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng khuy\u00ean ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y thi \u0111ua v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3<\/span>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> (nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> giai h\u1eefu Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh<\/span>).\u201d <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> Ng\u00e0i t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>, th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7<\/span> (s\u1ef1 ban \u00e2n) v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tinh<\/span> th\u1ea7n \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 gia s\u1ea3n n\u00e0o cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i sau n\u00e0y th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/span> r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m<\/span> n\u00e0o m\u00e0 qu\u00e1 v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n<\/span> gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh Bertrand Russell g\u1ecdi \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u sai, hay \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> phi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>. \u00d0\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1<\/span> an l\u1ea1c<\/span>, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span> cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>, m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00ec tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> suy \u0111\u1ed3i<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u00e0y. \u00d0i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span> m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng<\/span> hay l\u1ec5 nghi<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/span> d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span> kh\u1ea3 k\u00ednh. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Theo gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Foad \u201cv\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 6 tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Hoa \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> 3 v\u1ecb \u00d0\u1ea1o s\u01b0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> gi\u00fap cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span> hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh nh\u1eb1m mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 tha nh\u00e2n<\/span>. \u00d0\u1ee9c C\u1ed3 \u00d0\u00e0m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u00d0\u1ea1o s\u01b0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i\u201d. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span> t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span>, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129<\/span> ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u1ecb tha<\/span>, l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span>, v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i<\/span>; ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef<\/span> m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span> \u00e1c \u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>; ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng<\/span> ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> s\u1ef1 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t<\/span>, bi\u1ec3n th\u01b0 hay nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch phi ph\u00e1p<\/span> kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1edfi nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p<\/span> cao qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> v\u1ecb tha<\/span>, v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang cho h\u00e0ng qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed, qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c<\/span>, tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3<\/span> gi\u00e0u sang<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ngh\u00e8o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1 ti\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n<\/span> c\u00f9ng \u0111inh<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> r\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m linh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> ra cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n<\/span>, th\u00e1nh hay ph\u00e0m, trong s\u1ea1ch<\/span> hay t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/span>, cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai mu\u1ed1n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u, quy v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span> trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.
M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span> ph\u00e1p cho c\u1ea3 hai gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> l\u1eabn t\u1ea1i gia<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft. V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp n\u1ecd, Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t n\u1eafm<\/span> l\u00e1 tr\u00ean tay v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh<\/span> v\u1edbi n\u1eafm l\u00e1 tr\u00ean tay c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh<\/span> nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e1 trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i r\u1eebng. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh<\/span> h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i; Ng\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span> cho h\u00e0ng ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> (devas). Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giai t\u1ea7ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> vua ch\u00faa, qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c<\/span> v.v… L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng \u201cb\u1ea7u s\u1eefa t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00e1t\u201d cho \u201cnh\u1eefng em b\u00e9\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cmi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt\u201d ngon cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span>, \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o<\/span> ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t<\/span> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> cho ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c chu \u0111\u00e1o<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNh\u1eefng ai ch\u0103m s\u00f3c chu \u0111\u00e1o<\/span> b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c chu \u0111\u00e1o<\/span> ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i\u201d. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u00f3a b\u1ecf<\/span> c\u00e1c giai t\u1ea7ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1edf ra c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia<\/span> c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd<\/span> gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1p<\/span> nh\u01b0 sadi (Samanera – 10 gi\u1edbi) T\u1ef3-kheo (250 gi\u1edbi) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a 4 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> th\u00e1nh. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/span> T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> c\u0169ng mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<\/span> b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y, Lord Zetland ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span>: \u201cV\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/span> T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 2500 n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ng\u00e0y nay\u201d. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span> \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> cho n\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span> – s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/span> T\u1ef3-kheo ni – m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u1ecb khinh mi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecda<\/span> trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Do \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> n\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> nh\u1eb1m x\u00f3a b\u1ecf<\/span> giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> n\u00f4 l\u1ec7<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c s\u1ef1<\/span> gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4ng may m\u1eafn<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>, v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> cho ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh n\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n<\/span> h\u1eefu gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> nh\u1eb1m x\u00f3a b\u1ecf<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch chia r\u1ebd gi\u1eefa qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> n\u00e0y v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> kh\u00e1c, gi\u1eefa t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00e0y v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng chung<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n ga nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7<\/span>, anh ch\u1ecb<\/span> em v.v… ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec h\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> s\u01b0 cao qu\u00fd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> ho\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> sanh. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> khoan dung<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>. S\u1ef1 khoan dung<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9<\/span> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean gi\u1eadn d\u1eef<\/span>, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng vui<\/span> v\u1ebb khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i x\u1ea5u<\/span> Ng\u00e0i, ch\u00ea bai ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng<\/span> nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> Ng\u00e0i. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ecf ra<\/span> kh\u00f4ng vui<\/span> v\u1ebb, h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng<\/span>, th\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp<\/span> khi nay, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span> suy x\u00e9t<\/span> li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang hay sai.\u201d Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129<\/span> S. Radhakrishnan \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span>: \u201cM\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed sau 2500 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>.\u201d <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span> bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> hay ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> m\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd<\/span> tr\u00ed suy x\u00e9t<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 nghi<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>, m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/span> gia nh\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 th\u1ea7n linh<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9c l\u1ea5y t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> h\u00f3a th\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e2m. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft l\u00fd h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1eadm th\u00e2m<\/span> v\u1ecb di\u1ec7u cho t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i khuy\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n uy<\/span> c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> ch\u00fang khi \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t<\/span> k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u00e0 n\u00ean ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay sai. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Trong su\u1ed1t<\/span> cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9 sanh<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 2500 n\u0103m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt m\u00e1u n\u00e0o r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> tr\u00ean c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y th\u1eadm th\u00e2m<\/span> vi di\u1ec7u<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 lan t\u1ecfa v\u00e0 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> lan t\u1ecfa kh\u1eafp h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, khoan dung<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay. Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u0103ng h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> \u00c1 ch\u00e2u. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/span> trong c\u00e1c n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111i, nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 suy, nh\u01b0ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span> do \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp<\/span> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/span> v\u1eabn \u0111ang th\u1ecbnh<\/span> h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/div>\n

[ad_2]
\n
Ngu\u1ed3n : Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[ad_1] PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O v\u00e0 T\u1ef0 DO T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG 1. \u00d0\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng uy\u00ean th\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6866,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[104],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-6865","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-giai-dap-nghi-hoac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6865","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6865"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6865\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6865"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6865"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6865"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=6865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}