{"id":6965,"date":"2020-12-01T22:22:50","date_gmt":"2020-12-01T15:22:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/01\/vai-ghi-chu-ve-pho-tuong-phat-giao-tac-tu-mot-khoi-thien-thach\/"},"modified":"2020-12-01T22:22:50","modified_gmt":"2020-12-01T15:22:50","slug":"vai-ghi-chu-ve-pho-tuong-phat-giao-tac-tu-mot-khoi-thien-thach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/01\/vai-ghi-chu-ve-pho-tuong-phat-giao-tac-tu-mot-khoi-thien-thach\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e0i ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 Pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"

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V\u00c0I GHI CH\u00da V\u1ec0 <\/b><\/span><\/span>
Pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt<\/span> Gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch <\/b><\/span><\/span>
Hoang Phong<\/span><\/span>
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\"photuongpg-hoangphong\"

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\u00a0\"the-buddhist-statue-hoangphong\"

\u00a0M\u1ea9u tin nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trang web nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd l\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> kh\u00e1 “k\u1ef3 th\u00fa” n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef Vaisravana<\/i> v\u00e0 Sambhala<\/i> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ea1i sao hai ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i bu\u00f4ng th\u00f5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft tr\u00e9o v\u00e0o nhau trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef V\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec v.v…, Do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft xin m\u1ea1n ph\u00e9p n\u00eau th\u00eam v\u00e0i ghi ch\u00fa nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef V\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ch\u1eef V\u1ea1n<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ch\u1eef V\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Swastika<\/i>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> t\u1eeb 2.500 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn 3.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y L\u1ecbch \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u, t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng sang T\u00e2y, t\u1eeb B\u1eafc Phi (Ai C\u1eadp) \u0111\u1ebfn nam Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh<\/span> D\u01b0\u01a1ng (\u00dac Ch\u00e2u) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 M\u1ef9 Ch\u00e2u. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u “t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o” ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>. \u1ede \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u th\u00ec k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> Ja-in, \u1ea4n Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Ng\u00e0y nay d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y nhan nh\u1ea3n<\/span> kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>, Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, v.v… C\u00e1c “t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi” ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> Cao \u0110\u00e0i<\/span>, Ph\u00e1 Lu\u00e2n C\u00f4ng… c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Theo \u1ea4n Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec ch\u1eef V\u1ea1n c\u00f3 hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y v\u00e0o h\u01b0\u1edbng quay c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef n\u00e0y: quay sang ph\u1ea3i th\u00ec mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn (Pravitti<\/i>), quay sang b\u00ean tr\u00e1i th\u00ec s\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t (Nivriti<\/i>). Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng quay c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn<\/span>, th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef V\u1ea1n th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span> g\u00f3c nh\u1ecdn hay v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef V\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec t\u1ea5t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 hai h\u01b0\u1edbng quay tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau (xem H. 1 v\u00e0 2). <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u1eef V\u1ea1n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau, do \u0111\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>, c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> th\u00ec ch\u1eef V\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>, n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec s\u1ebd quay theo h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00e1i (xem h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean ng\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng). Thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7, \u00edt ra l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> ch\u1eef V\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u1edbi ch\u1eef V\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3, v\u00ec ch\u1eef V\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3 quay theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"vaighichu-02\"

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0H.1 v\u00e0 2: C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef V\u1ea1n th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u quay t\u00f9y theo<\/span> c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u hay v\u00e0o g\u00f3c nh\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00e1nh. C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> theo h\u00ecnh s\u1ed1 2 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng quay l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, ch\u1eef v\u1ea1n tr\u00ean ng\u1ef1c pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng quay b\u00ean tr\u00e1i. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0H.3: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u ch\u1eef V\u1ea1n thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span>, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh<\/span> Vaisravana v\u00e0 Sambhala c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay kh\u00f4ng<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng n\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt<\/span> Gi\u00e1o hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 ba chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea7ng h\u00e0o quang<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ph\u1ed5 Di\u1ec7u Kinh<\/span> cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> l\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00ec tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span> T\u1ea5t-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> m\u1ed9t v\u1ea7ng h\u00e0o quang<\/span> r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1<\/span>. Kinh Trung A H\u00e0m<\/span> (Majjhima Nikaya, 26) k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng sau khi th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span> th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Ka-thi (Kashi, ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 Vanarasi hay Ba-la-n\u1ea1i) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i n\u0103m v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng tu tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb sa-m\u00f4n tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ja-in \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ed7ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd<\/span> th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u Ng\u00e0i to\u1ea3 ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ea7ng h\u00e0o quang<\/span> th\u1eadt s\u00e1ng, b\u00e8n l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7<\/span> c\u1ee7a ai v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> theo Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd<\/span> n\u00e0o… T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1ea7ng h\u00e0o quang<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch. Sau n\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea3nh bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea7ng h\u00e0o quang<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 ch\u1eef V\u1ea1n kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean ng\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt<\/span> Gi\u00e1o. Chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u0169 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/span> cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n<\/span> T\u00e2y t\u1ea1ng<\/span>, chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span>. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0o trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o? C\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Vaisravana<\/i> hay Jambhala<\/i> nh\u01b0 trong b\u1ea3n tin do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed<\/span> n\u00eau l\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng? <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Vaisravana<\/i> l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0110a V\u0103n Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1eafc Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u1ecb H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p<\/span> th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2<\/span> tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"vaighichu-04\"

H.1- Vaisravana T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> <\/b>(Namth\u00f6se): ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con s\u01b0 t\u1eed<\/span> tuy\u1ebft (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng<\/span> vi\u1ec7n Guimet, Paris)<\/span><\/p>\n

H.2 – Vaisravana Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> <\/b>(\u0110a V\u0103n Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> \/ Duo Wen Tian Wang): tay ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u01a1ng, tay tr\u00e1i c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p<\/span>. C\u00e1c pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

H.3 – Vaisrarana Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/span> <\/b>(Damon-ten): (ch\u00f9a Todai-ji, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VIII)<\/span><\/p>\n

H.4 – Vaisravana H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c <\/b>(Damun Cheonwang): (ch\u00f9a Pyochungsa, g\u1ea7n th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Miryang)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0V\u1ecb Vaisravana <\/i>c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Jambhala<\/i> hay Kubera<\/i> (hai ch\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n), ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y t\u1ea1ng<\/span> l\u00e0 Namth\u00f6se<\/i>, ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt l\u00e0 Damon-ten<\/i>, ti\u1ebfng H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 Damun Choenwang<\/i>, ti\u1ebfng Th\u00e1i l\u00e0, Thao Kuwen<\/i>). Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> t\u1ea1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u1ecb Vaisravana<\/i> d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n linh<\/span> th\u1eadt oai phong, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o gi\u00e1o, tay ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y th\u01b0\u01a1ng hay \u0111inh ba, tay tr\u00e1i c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p<\/span> nh\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> cho tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch<\/span> b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u00e9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb n\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/span> c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Vaisravana<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1938 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0o trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o? Chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng<\/span> tr\u00e9o v\u00e0o nhau trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n<\/span> m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 bu\u00f4ng l\u01a1i: m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n g\u1eadp l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n bu\u00f4ng th\u00f5ng. Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi t\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 bhadrasana<\/i>, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o cho Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c<\/span>. \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Di L\u1eb7c<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf hay tr\u00ean b\u1ee5c v\u1edbi hai ch\u00e2n bu\u00f4ng th\u1eb3ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 “c\u00e1ch ng\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng” tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i ch\u1edd v\u1edbi hai ch\u00e2n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u00e1c pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Di L\u1eb7c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> trong v\u00f9ng Gandhara (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 II v\u00e0 III) thu\u1ed9c Pakistan ng\u00e0y nay, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Di L\u1eb7c<\/span> Th\u00e1i Lan l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng. C\u00e1ch t\u1ea1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 “ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i” v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> c\u0169ng “s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng” \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"vaighichu-08\"

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"vaighichu-09\"

\"vaighichu-11\"

V\u00e0i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

(C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf hay tr\u00ean b\u1ee5c v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n bu\u00f4ng th\u00f5ng, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n co m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n du\u1ed7i trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean. Xin l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span> l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c<\/span> Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> trong c\u00e1c th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng Th\u1ea7n T\u00e0i<\/span>, xin xem h\u00ecnh 6 v\u00e0 7. H.1- Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c<\/span> Sarnath – \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 V; H.3- Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c<\/span> H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c; H.6- Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c<\/span> Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>, hang V\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 V-VI; H.7- Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c<\/span> t\u1ea1c trong v\u00e1ch n\u00fai \u1edf Feilai Feng, H\u00e0ng Ch\u00e2u<\/span>) <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> t\u1ea1c v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XI l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Di L\u1eb7c<\/span>. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1<\/span> th\u00eam cho s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7ng h\u00e0o quang<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u1eef V\u1ea1n tr\u00ean ng\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>. B\u00e0n tay ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi, b\u00e0n tay tr\u00e1i th\u00ec c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc “cam l\u1ed3” d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. Hai tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh<\/span> nh\u01b0 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 thay cho l\u1eddi k\u1ebft <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft<\/span> th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Di<\/span> L\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t s\u1eafp th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111ang ng\u1ee5 \u1edf cung tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t<\/span> (Tusita) ch\u1edd \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf<\/span> h\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c<\/span> s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gian<\/span> n\u00e0y? Kinh s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c<\/span> s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u kho\u1ea3ng 30.000 n\u0103m sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni<\/span> t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t<\/span>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn 3 t\u1ec9 920 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u01a1i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> l\u00e0 4,55 t\u1ec9 n\u0103m v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kho\u1ea3ng hai tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u1eady nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u00f3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 “ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn” \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i th\u00eam \u2026 g\u1ea7n 4 t\u1ec9 n\u0103m n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> Di L\u1eb7c<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng? <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> lu\u00f4n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n hay xa nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span> r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean s\u1ebd ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7<\/span> hay bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd n\u1ed5 tung tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n<\/span> qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y? C\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed7i n\u00e0o qu\u00e1 y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> hi\u1ebfm hoi \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch nay kho\u1ea3ng 10.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 20.000 n\u0103m. Tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt<\/span> h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0o. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c<\/span> v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XI. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma r\u1eddi T\u00e2y t\u1ea1ng<\/span> v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1959 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau cao \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. Pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Di L\u1eb7c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch, ch\u00e2n cao ch\u00e2n th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ng\u1ed3i ch\u1edd t\u1eeb 1.000 n\u0103m nay \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ng\u1ed3i ch\u1edd th\u00eam n\u1eefa m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> gi\u1eefa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1<\/span> m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u<\/span> m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi cho x\u1ee9 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00f3i chung hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hoang Phong<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Bures-Sur-Yvette, 08.10.12<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Xem b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u25cf M\u1ed8T PHO T\u01af\u1ee2NG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O B\u1eb0NG THI\u00caN TH\u1ea0CH \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1938 – Hoang Phong bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(S\u00c1CH C\u00d9NG T\u00c1C <\/i><\/a><\/span>GI\u1ea2<\/i><\/span><\/a>\/ D\u1ecaCH GI\u1ea2<\/a>)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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