{"id":7025,"date":"2020-12-01T22:31:54","date_gmt":"2020-12-01T15:31:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/01\/luan-de-ve-van-de-phong-sinh\/"},"modified":"2020-12-01T22:31:54","modified_gmt":"2020-12-01T15:31:54","slug":"luan-de-ve-van-de-phong-sinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/01\/luan-de-ve-van-de-phong-sinh\/","title":{"rendered":"Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f3ng sinh"},"content":{"rendered":"

[ad_1]
\n<\/p>\n

\n

LU\u1eacN \u0110\u1ec0 V\u1ec0 V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0<\/span> PH\u00d3NG SINH<\/span><\/b>
Ch\u00fac Ph\u00fa<\/span>
<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\"phongsinh2-chucphu\"

T\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3, tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> quy m\u00f4, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ai. \u0110\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span> Shidhartta lu\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t trang m\u1edbi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>. V\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> lu\u00f4n \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh c\u01a1<\/span> b\u1ea3n, v\u00ec t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> \u1ea5y lu\u00f4n n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> v\u00e0 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb, s\u1ebb chia. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/span> s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng cho ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u1edf ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span> bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span> sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng hai ch\u1eef ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn: ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch, c\u1ee9u m\u1ea1ng<\/span> s\u1ed1ng, ban cho<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do<\/span>, gi\u00fap m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang\u2026 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee3 h\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> \u1ee9ng x\u1eed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span>, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp n\u1ea3y sanh xung quanh<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> xem t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. T\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> nh\u00e2n, ng\u00e3, b\u1ec9 th\u1eed\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>. V\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, v\u00ec t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 hy sinh<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn b\u00e1nh xe ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>, v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> cho ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>, v\u00ec l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng cho \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>, v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>, v\u00ec an l\u1ea1c<\/span> cho ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>(2)<\/sup><\/i> th\u00ec m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u1ee3i tha<\/span> v\u00e0 do l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span>, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span>(3)<\/sup>.<\/i> Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb<\/span> sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> l\u1edbn, ch\u1ea5t ng\u1ea5t, v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eabn sinh ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadt m\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 ham s\u1ed1ng<\/span>, s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft<\/span>, gh\u00e9t kh\u1ed5, ham vui<\/span>. V\u00ec sinh m\u1ec7nh<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/span>, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m<\/span>. Ngay nh\u01b0 con s\u00e2u, c\u00e1i ki\u1ebfn c\u0169ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Trong kinh Ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9<\/span><\/i>, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng mua c\u00e1 t\u1eeb ng\u01b0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span>(4)<\/sup>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2u ti\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c mua c\u00e1 ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1ec1 ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1<\/span> th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean<\/span> h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1<\/span> c\u00e1c con c\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m vui, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o b\u1ea3o l\u0169 tr\u1ebb n\u00ean ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch con c\u00e1, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn d\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n k\u1ec7: N\u1ebfu con kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a kh\u1ed5\/ D\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o\/ Ch\u1edb l\u00e0m c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c\/ Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t<\/span> hay sau l\u01b0ng\/ N\u1ebfu con l\u00e0m, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m\/ C\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c<\/span>, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n\/ Con kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span> tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5\/ D\u1ea7u nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y(5)<\/sup>.<\/i> \u0110\u00fac k\u1ebft t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> chung n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span>: M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ee3 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t\/ M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> th\u00edch s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n\/ L\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5\/ Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o gi\u1ebft(6)<\/sup>. <\/i>Trong nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u1ef3-kheo, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> s\u00e1t sanh<\/span>, tr\u00e1nh xa s\u00e1t sanh<\/span>(7)<\/sup> <\/i>m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u00e2y c\u1ecf<\/i>. \u00dd th\u1ee9c<\/span> s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a tha nh\u00e2n<\/span> khi b\u1ecb x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> s\u00e1t sanh<\/span>, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> s\u00e1t sanh<\/span>, n\u00f3i l\u1eddi t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span> t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> s\u00e1t sanh<\/span>(8)<\/sup><\/i> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t sinh<\/span> quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/span> m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng cho ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> n\u00f3i chung.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i. Kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng may m\u1eafn<\/span> c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac v\u1eeba sanh ra, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd<\/span> n\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>, c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do<\/span>. S\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> ch\u00e2n x\u00e1c trong kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9<\/span><\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> cay nghi\u1ec7t<\/span> d\u00f9 \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u00e0o: nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7<\/span>, l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do<\/span> \u0111i l\u1ea1i(9)<\/sup>. <\/i>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ti c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span> Sunita, v\u1ed1n con nh\u00e0 h\u1ea1<\/span> ti\u1ec7n, l\u00e0m lao c\u00f4ng qu\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng Th\u00e1nh(10)<\/sup> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef<\/span> Prakriti khi d\u00e2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc cho ng\u00e0i A Nan<\/span>. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb<\/span>, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 cao sang hay b\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do th\u00e2n th\u00edch<\/span>, d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd<\/span> m\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh b\u1edfi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec sanh\/ Ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed<\/span> kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec sanh\/ Do h\u00e0nh, th\u00e0nh b\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7n\/ Do h\u00e0nh, th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed<\/span>(11)<\/sup>.<\/i> Cho n\u00ean x\u00e1c l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> n\u00f3i chung, do t\u00fac nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> oan khi\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>, d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c, cha m\u1eb9<\/span> n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i khi hi\u1ec7n sinh<\/span> \u1edf ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng t\u00f9 h\u00e3m<\/span>, lao lung. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t c\u1ea3nh chim l\u1ed3ng c\u00e1 ch\u1eadu, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 dung d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i nh\u1eb1m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span> s\u1edf d\u1ee5c v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i sinh<\/span> v\u1eadt tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> theo ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span>, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span>, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh<\/span> hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ea1nh?<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> v\u1ec1 ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Trong nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00ec K\u1ef3 Na gi\u00e1o<\/span> (Jain), hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni Ki\u1ec1n T\u1eed<\/span> (Nigantha), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> tho\u00e1t ly<\/span> \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 Veda v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ed5 x\u00fay cho l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/span> sinh m\u1ea1ng. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a K\u1ef3 Na gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i<\/span> (Ahimsa), kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i<\/span> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0o v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/span> sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, khi \u0111i l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u00ec s\u1ee3 gi\u1eabm ch\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf nh\u00edt. Trong kinh \u01afu-ba-li<\/i>(12)<\/sup>, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o minh gi\u1ea3i<\/span> s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n t\u1eeb lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i<\/span> Ni Ki\u1ec1n T\u1eed<\/span>, v\u00ec theo \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, d\u00f9 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi<\/span> vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eabm \u0111\u1ea1p l\u00ean v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> sinh linh<\/span> nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 trong nh\u1ecbp s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, l\u00fd l\u1ebd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u00fang sanh c\u0103n<\/span> c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span><\/i> (Cetana) c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, trong kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span><\/i>, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f2n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed5 sung: Danh ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i!\/ Ai v\u1edbi th\u00e2n, mi\u1ec7ng, \u00fd\/ Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ai\/ Ai kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\/ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i<\/span>(13)<\/sup>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ni Ki\u1ec1n T\u1eed<\/span> (Nigantha Nataputta) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9<\/span><\/i>, \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: \u201cM\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nigantha (Ni Ki\u1ec1n T\u1eed<\/span>) s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1<\/span> b\u1edfi b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5m gi\u1edbi<\/span>. N\u00e0y \u00d0\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nigantha s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1<\/span> b\u1edfi b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5m gi\u1edbi? N\u00e0y \u00d0\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t Nigantha s\u1ed1ng g\u00ecn gi\u1eef<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi \u00e1c ph\u00e1p<\/span>, s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00e1c ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> g\u00ecn gi\u1eef<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00e1c ph\u00e1p\u201d(14)<\/sup>. Theo ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i<\/span> n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5<\/span> h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> v\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span>, ng\u1eeda tay xin \u0103n<\/span>, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/span> ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c g\u00ec c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c<\/span> trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> (moksa) cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Theo kinh Sa m\u00f4n qu\u1ea3<\/span>,<\/i> ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i<\/span> n\u00e0y v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span> th\u00fa h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m linh<\/span> c\u1ee7a vua Ajatasattu, \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u1ecb.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i<\/span> (Ahimsa), quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> \u0103n chay<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c K\u1ef3 Na gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> x\u00e1c t\u00edn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/span> sinh linh<\/span> m\u00e0 ngh\u0129a t\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh<\/span> ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/span> trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, trong ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u1ef3-kheo h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span> gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> th\u00ec nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sanh<\/span><\/i> ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5m gi\u1edbi<\/span>: kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5n<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi (thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m Parajika). Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng<\/span> s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0: V\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u00e2y c\u1ecf(15)<\/sup>,<\/i> th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ngay nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ecf xanh, hay s\u1ebd b\u1ecf xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> trong \u1ea5y(16)<\/sup>.<\/i><\/span> <\/p>\n

Trong gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ea5m gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5m gi\u1edbi<\/span> kh\u00e1c \u1edf trong nh\u00f3m Parajika. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh<\/span> n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1<\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1<\/span> c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi b\u1ed5n<\/span> Patimokkha, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 oai nghi<\/span> ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, th\u1ea5y nguy hi\u1ec3m trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t, th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh<\/span> v\u00e0 tu h\u1ecdc<\/span> c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p. N\u00e0y Mahanama, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh<\/span>(17)<\/sup>.<\/i> Cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/span> sinh m\u1ea1ng ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span>, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ea1nh, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 bao thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/span> kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh. T\u00f9y theo<\/span> ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft khai t\u00f4ng l\u1eadp ph\u00e1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 khinh tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n<\/span> tu c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh<\/span>, \u1ee9ng x\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>. Trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kinh Kim Quang Minh<\/span><\/i>(18)<\/sup> <\/i>kinh Ph\u1ea1m V\u00f5ng<\/span>(19)<\/sup>, <\/i>kinh D\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u01b0<\/span>(20)<\/sup><\/i> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kinh, lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c. Chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> Tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3<\/span> T\u1eed L\u01b0u Th\u1ee7y<\/span> c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e0n c\u00e1 trong kinh Kim Quang Minh<\/span><\/i>(21)<\/sup> \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> cho h\u1ea1nh ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb vua th\u00e2m t\u00edn<\/span> v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1eafc d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a vua Ashoka(22)<\/sup>, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn v\u0103n<\/span> c\u1ee7a L\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf<\/span>(23)<\/sup>, c\u00e1c Ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> tr\u00ec<\/i> c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1ng Ch\u00e2n T\u00f4ng\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> h\u1ea1nh ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn khu bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ee7y t\u1ed9c, chim mu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 xu th\u1ebf<\/span> c\u1ea7u ph\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecd<\/span>(24)<\/sup>, gi\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ea7u an<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c<\/span> r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 k\u00e9n.<\/i> T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t nh\u01b0 sau: N\u00e0y Ananda, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2m hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 k\u00e9n, r\u1ed1i ren<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ecf munja v\u00e0 lau s\u1eady babaja (ba-ba-la) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 x\u1ee9, \u00e1c th\u00fa<\/span>, \u0111\u1ecda x\u1ee9, sanh t\u1eed<\/span>(25)<\/sup>. <\/i>H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00eau d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong kinh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m minh gi\u1ea3i<\/span> r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u hay k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh sinh m\u1ec7nh<\/span>. Do v\u1eady, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn chu tr\u00ecnh sinh m\u1ec7nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a. Ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng can thi\u1ec7p<\/span> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> nh\u1eb1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ebf t\u1eafc, l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i kh\u1eafc kho\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean<\/span> khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c thi tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/span> d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c Th\u00edch Ca<\/span>(26)<\/sup>; v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m<\/span> khi ng\u00e0i M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean<\/span> ph\u00f3 m\u1eb7c th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00ean c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u1eadp n\u00e1t x\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span> ra, b\u1eaft ch\u1ecbu th\u1ee9 c\u1ef1c h\u00ecnh<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cr\u01a1m v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t\u201d<\/i>(27)<\/sup>, <\/i>v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, ng\u00e0i an nhi\u00ean<\/span> x\u1ea3 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ebd c\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a \u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1n, o\u00e1n tr\u1ea3. Ngay c\u1ea3 b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i d\u0169ng<\/span> m\u00e3nh nh\u01b0 Angulimala, nh\u01b0ng khi nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> oan n\u1ee3 ti\u1ec1n khi\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00edn th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u, b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t<\/span> b\u1ecb b\u1ec3, ngo\u1ea1i y b\u1ecb r\u00e1ch<\/i> (28)<\/sup>. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u201cTr\u01b0 h\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d(29)<\/sup> <\/i>m\u00e0 Ni s\u01b0<\/span> Tr\u00ed H\u1ea3i<\/span> ph\u1ecfng d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> n\u00e0y. Chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00f9a c\u00f3 nu\u00f4i m\u1ed9t con heo, tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac \u0111i xa, H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec<\/span> – l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> – \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span> khi heo ch\u1ebft th\u00ec c\u1ee9 cho d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 l\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, do t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a li\u1ec5u ng\u1ed9<\/span> n\u00ean \u0111em heo \u0111i ch\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> sinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1c sanh<\/span> th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span> n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>(30)<\/sup> \u201clo\u1ea1n \u0111ao phanh th\u00e2y\u201d.<\/i> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam minh<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/span> c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> nh\u1eb1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1edf vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/span> sinh m\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f3ng sinh<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> \u1edf ph\u1ea7n ng\u1ecdn, ch\u01b0a mang t\u00ednh c\u0103n c\u01a1<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tay m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a ai l\u00ean thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0y ai xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. S\u1ef1 thanh cao hay \u0111\u1ecda l\u1ea1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u do ch\u00ednh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng can thi\u1ec7p<\/span> th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc<\/span> c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/span>, c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> th\u00ec \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span> n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> ph\u00e1 tan l\u1ed3ng s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng con chim. \u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u00e2u ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng con chim b\u1ecb giam<\/span> h\u00e3m l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> mi\u1ebfng m\u1ed3i ngon cho ch\u00fa m\u00e8o hoang d\u1ea1i. Do b\u1edfi<\/span> l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> lu\u00f4n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc<\/span> v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>(31)<\/sup><\/i>. Trong h\u00e0nh x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u00ecnh an<\/span> v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n<\/span> c\u1ea3, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>. Ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span>, t\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00fang h\u00e0nh x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> ng\u00e0y nay<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> nh\u01b0 gieo tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng, lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n sinh, gia t\u0103ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> cho s\u1edf d\u1ee5c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 thu h\u1eb9p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng<\/span>. S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sinh th\u00e1i m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/span> c\u0169ng do b\u1edfi<\/span> s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p<\/span> m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, sinh s\u00f4i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng<\/span> trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/span> b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai mang t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> chia s\u1ebb th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau<\/span>, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. T\u1eeb th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, soi r\u1ecdi v\u00e0o h\u1ea1nh ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span>, th\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng<\/span> lo\u1ea1i sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> \u1ee9ng x\u1eed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span>, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u1ee7y t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 gia c\u1ea7m<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ch<\/span> c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n nay th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>. \u0110\u01b0a ch\u00fang ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi<\/span> h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng, k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng th\u00eam c\u1ee7a cua c\u00e1, gia c\u1ea7m<\/span>, chim mu\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, v\u00e0i n\u0103m so v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng ch\u00e1y b\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb7ng cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> trong c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c<\/span>, l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au; nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ra trong kho\u1ea3ng<\/span> th\u1eddi gian<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u00f3, sinh v\u1eadt v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m<\/span> an to\u00e0n<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t. V\u1edbi sinh v\u1eadt n\u00f3i chung, theo thi\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa t\u1ef1 do<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng<\/span> gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ee5 c\u1ea3m ch\u1ee7 quan<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Cho n\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> s\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span>. \u0110\u01a1n c\u1eed m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5, mua c\u00e1 t\u1eeb trang<\/span> tr\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> th\u00ec n\u00ean mua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> s\u1ed1ng li\u00ean quan<\/span>. V\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> hi\u1ec7n nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>, \u0111\u00f4i khi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> ch\u1ec9 quan<\/span> t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> s\u1ed1ng k\u00e8m theo, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i. Theo c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i<\/span> M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/span><\/i> t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0i Loan<\/span>, h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n<\/span> do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9<\/span> t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c n\u1ea3y. D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn<\/span>, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ban h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ea5m ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span>(32)<\/sup>. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>, th\u00ec s\u1edf d\u0129<\/span> th\u1ea3m tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> sai v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>(33)<\/sup><\/i>. H\u00e0nh x\u1ee9<\/span><\/i> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> s\u1ed1ng. Ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o<\/span> h\u00e0nh x\u1ee9<\/span><\/i> \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi<\/span> vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"phongsinh3-chucphu\"

Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> Hoa k\u1ef3 ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch t\u00f4m h\u00f9m. <\/i>\u1ea2nh Reuters<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh<\/span> kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ed7: s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4i khi k\u00e9o theo s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f4i khi ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch m\u1ed9t sinh<\/span> v\u1eadt ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea9m s\u00e1t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n th\u00ec d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sinh th\u00e1i nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/span>, m\u00e0 ngh\u0129a \u0111en<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u00edch kh\u00e1c. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u1ed1c b\u01b0\u01a1u v\u00e0ng<\/i>, v\u1ec1 r\u00f9a tai \u0111\u1ecf(34)<\/sup><\/i> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh<\/span> th\u00e1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> s\u00e2u xa<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/span> sinh linh<\/span>. Trong li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> so s\u00e1nh<\/span> th\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1ed5, b\u00e1o v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y nguy h\u1ea1i k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1eeb h\u00e3ng Reuters ng\u00e0y 4-8-2011 t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u1edf Massachusetts \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch 534 con t\u00f4m h\u00f9m ra bi\u1ec3n kh\u01a1i(35)<\/sup>; g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Qu\u00fd, tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec<\/span> ch\u00f9a T\u00e2m Th\u00e0nh<\/span>, \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/span> hoang d\u00e3<\/span> \u1edf Tr\u00e0m Chim<\/i> tr\u00ean GNO(36)<\/sup>, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc<\/span> v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span><\/i>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo<\/span> kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng k\u00e9o theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>. T\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t sanh nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng xa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. B\u1eaft chim \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i k\u1ebb ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span>, nu\u00f4i c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch\u2026 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea3y sinh khi tr\u1ee3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh xu th\u1ebf<\/span>, th\u00e0nh phong tr\u00e0o<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> c\u00f2n xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh tu. Trong li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> s\u00e2u xa<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>, do v\u00ec m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7n ni\u1ec7m v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t<\/span> tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00e1c, c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span>, th\u00ec kh\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> th\u1ea5y, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> c\u1ea7n l\u1eafm t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m cho t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>. T\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i th\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span>, v\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c<\/span>, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span>, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh<\/span> \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c<\/span>, \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> v\u00e0 hy sinh<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ch\u00fa th\u00edch<\/b><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

(1)<\/sup> Kinh T\u0103ng chi<\/i>, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Ba ph\u00e1p, ph\u1ea9m L\u00f5a th\u1ec3, kinh S\u00e1t sanh<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(2)<\/sup> Kinh Trung b\u1ed9<\/span>, <\/i>t\u1eadp 1, \u0110\u1ea1i kinh s\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u1ed1ng<\/span>, <\/i>s\u1ed1 12.<\/span><\/p>\n

(3)<\/sup> Kinh Trung b\u1ed9<\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 3, kinh Ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/span>, <\/i>s\u1ed1 103.<\/span><\/p>\n

(4)<\/sup> Kinh Ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9<\/span>,<\/i> t\u1eadp 4, Chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, chuy\u1ec7n Con c\u00e1,<\/i> s\u1ed1 34<\/span><\/p>\n

(5)<\/sup> Kinh Ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9<\/span>,<\/i> Kinh Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/span> thuy\u1ebft, <\/i>ch\u01b0\u01a1ng N\u0103m, ph\u1ea9m Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o<\/span> Sona.<\/span><\/p>\n

(6)<\/sup> Kinh Ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9<\/span><\/i>, kinh Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa<\/span>,<\/i> ph\u1ea9m H\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t, c\u00e2u 130.<\/span><\/p>\n

(7)<\/sup> Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9<\/span>,<\/i> t\u1eadp 1, kinh Sa m\u00f4n qu\u1ea3<\/span>, <\/i>s\u1ed1 2.<\/span><\/p>\n

(8)<\/sup> Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp V, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> d\u1ef1 l\u01b0u<\/span>, ph\u1ea7n a, ph\u1ea9m Veludvara, kinh Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Veludvara.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(9)<\/sup> Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9<\/span>,<\/i> kinh Sa m\u00f4n qu\u1ea3<\/span>,<\/i> <\/i>s\u1ed1 2.<\/span><\/p>\n

(10)<\/sup> Kinh Ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9<\/span>,<\/i> Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o T\u0103ng k\u1ec7<\/span>, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XII, ph\u1ea9m XII k\u1ec7, ng\u00e0i Sunita.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(11)<\/sup> Kinh Ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9<\/span><\/i>, kinh T\u1eadp<\/span>, kinh K\u1ebb b\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7n.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(12)<\/sup> Kinh Trung b\u1ed9<\/span>, kinh \u01afu-ba-li,<\/i> <\/i>s\u1ed1 56.<\/span><\/p>\n

(13)<\/sup> Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span>,<\/i> t\u1eadp 1, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, ph\u1ea9m A-la-h\u00e1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, kinh B\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i<\/span> – Ahimsaka.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(14)<\/sup> Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9<\/span>,<\/i> kinh Sa m\u00f4n qu\u1ea3<\/span>,<\/i> <\/i>s\u1ed1 2.<\/span><\/p>\n

(15)<\/sup> Kinh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn.<\/span><\/p>\n

(16)<\/sup> Kinh Trung b\u1ed9<\/span>,<\/i> t\u1eadp 1, kinh Th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p<\/span>, <\/i>s\u1ed1 3.<\/span><\/p>\n

(17)<\/sup> Kinh Trung b\u1ed9<\/span><\/i>, kinh H\u1eefu h\u1ecdc<\/span>,<\/i> <\/i>s\u1ed1 53.<\/span><\/p>\n

(18)<\/sup> Kim quang minh kinh<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span> v\u01b0\u01a1ng kinh,<\/i> \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh t\u00e2n tu \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ea1ng kinh<\/span>, t\u1eadp 16, t\u1eeb trang<\/span> 403 – 456.<\/span><\/p>\n

(19)<\/sup> Xem th\u00eam: B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t gi\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m v\u00f5ng<\/span>, H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> Tr\u00ed Quang<\/span>, d\u1ecbch, ti\u1ebft 2, N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t gi\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m v\u00f5ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

(20)<\/sup> <\/i>Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n:\u00a0N\u00e0y A Nan<\/span>,\u2026<\/i> <\/i>ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span> c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt, r\u1ea3i hoa<\/span> \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 danh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> D\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u01b0<\/span>, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> c\u00e1c tai n\u1ea1n<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(21)<\/sup> Kinh \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng ho\u00e0ng kim<\/span><\/i>,<\/i> T\u1ef3-kheo Tr\u00ed Quang<\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u1ed5ng H\u1ee3p TP. HCM, 2011, t\u1eeb trang<\/span> 738 – 760<\/span><\/p>\n

(22)<\/sup> Bi k\u00fd s\u1ed1 4, Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: Vua Piyadasi c\u1ed5 x\u00fay vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i<\/span> sinh th\u00fa<\/span>,<\/i> Bia k\u00fd Girnar, ban v\u00e0o n\u0103m 257 TTL, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

(23)<\/sup> Xem th\u00eam, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ed B\u00ecnh, C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, <\/i>\u0110\u00e0o Nam Th\u1eafng, d\u1ecbch, L\u00ea \u0110\u1ee9c Ni\u1ec7m<\/span> hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh<\/span>, ph\u1ea7n 2, L\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf<\/span> b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> theo Ph\u1eadt, \u0110o\u1ea1n t\u1eedu nh\u1ee5c v\u0103n<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(24)<\/sup> Xem th\u00eam, Kinh \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng ho\u00e0ng kim<\/span>,<\/i> T\u1ef3-kheo Tr\u00ed Quang<\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u1ed5ng H\u1ee3p TP. HCM, 2011, tr.78. Xem th\u00eam kinh Trung b\u1ed9<\/span>, kinh Ti\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>,<\/i> Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecd<\/span>, n\u00e0y Thanh ni\u00ean, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> s\u00e1t sanh<\/span>, tr\u00e1nh xa s\u00e1t sanh<\/span>, b\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ecf ki\u1ebfm, bi\u1ebft t\u00e0m qu\u00fd<\/span>, c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span>, s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(25)<\/sup> Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9<\/span>,<\/i> Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i duy\u00ean<\/span><\/i>,<\/i> s\u1ed1 15.<\/span><\/p>\n

(26)<\/sup> Kinh T\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t a h\u00e0m<\/span><\/i>, ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1eb3ng ki\u1ebfn. B\u1ea3n dich c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> Th\u00edch Thanh T\u1eeb.<\/span><\/p>\n

(27)<\/sup> Kinh Ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9<\/span>,<\/i> t\u1eadp 9, Chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, ph\u1ea9m B\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span>, chuy\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 522, chuy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n<\/span> thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea1 Sarabhanga. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0y b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0<\/span> trong l\u00fac tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span> Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o<\/span> Mah\u00e0moggall\u00e0na (\u0110\u1ea1i M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean<\/span>).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(28)<\/sup> Kinh Trung b\u1ed9<\/span><\/i>, kinh Angulimala,<\/i> s\u1ed1 86.<\/span><\/p>\n

(29)<\/sup> Th\u00edch n\u1eef<\/span> Tr\u00ed H\u1ea3i<\/span>, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>, ph\u1ea7n VII, Tr\u01b0 h\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(30)<\/sup> Xem th\u00eam, H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau, \u0110\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(31)<\/sup> Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span>, <\/i>t\u1eadp V, Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m<\/span>, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span>, ph\u1ea7n a, ph\u1ea9m Ambapali, kinh Con chim \u01b0ng.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(32)<\/sup> Xem th\u00eam, \u0110\u00e0i Loan<\/span> s\u1eafp ban h\u00e0nh<\/span> lu\u1eadt ph\u00f3ng sanh<\/span><\/i>.<\/i> GNO, ng\u00e0y 14.5.2012.<\/span><\/p>\n

(33)<\/sup> Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span>,<\/i> t\u1eadp V, Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m<\/span>, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span>, ph\u1ea7n a, ph\u1ea9m Ambapali, kinh Con chim \u01b0ng<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(34)<\/sup> Nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y nguy h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng cho nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

(35)<\/sup> http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2011\/08\/04\/us-buddhists-lobsters-idUSTRE7734L520110804<\/span><\/p>\n

(36)<\/sup>http:\/\/www.giacngo.vn\/bandoctoasoan\/bandoc\/2012\/06\/02\/12C21B\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Source: thuvienhoasen<\/i>
Ch\u00fac Ph\u00fa
(Nguy\u1ec7t San Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9<\/span>)<\/i><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam:
\u25cf NH\u1eacP T\u1eea TAM MU\u1ed8I PH\u00d3NG SINH – Ch\u00e2n Hi\u1ec1n T\u00e2m<\/a><\/p>\n

Source: thuvienhoasen<\/i><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/div>\n

[ad_2]
\n
Ngu\u1ed3n : Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[ad_1] LU\u1eacN \u0110\u1ec0 V\u1ec0 V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u00d3NG SINHCh\u00fac Ph\u00fa \u00d0\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ba ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi.\u00a0Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ba? T\u1ef1\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7027,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[104],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-7025","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-giai-dap-nghi-hoac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7025","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7025"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7025\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7027"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7025"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7025"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7025"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=7025"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}