{"id":7109,"date":"2020-12-02T03:44:03","date_gmt":"2020-12-01T20:44:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/02\/y-nghia-cai-chet-theo-quan-diem-phat-giao\/"},"modified":"2020-12-02T03:44:03","modified_gmt":"2020-12-01T20:44:03","slug":"y-nghia-cai-chet-theo-quan-diem-phat-giao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/02\/y-nghia-cai-chet-theo-quan-diem-phat-giao\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o"},"content":{"rendered":"

[ad_1]
\n<\/p>\n

\n


\u00dd NGH\u0128A<\/span> C\u00c1I CH\u1ebeT THEO QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M<\/span> PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O<\/span>\u00a0<\/span> <\/b>
Hoang Phong<\/span>
<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/b><\/span>
“B\u00ean trong th\u00e2n x\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3i tay mang \u0111\u1ea7y gi\u00e1c c\u1ea3m n\u00e0y, <\/i><\/span>
<\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> xem \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c<\/i> g\u00ec nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>,
<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/address>\n
s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi”<\/i><\/span> <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/address>\n
L\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/address>\n
(Kinh T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A H\u00e0m<\/span><\/i>)<\/span><\/span><\/address>\n<\/div>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"anh_dep_phat_giao___182_\"

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ng\u1eafn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng mang tham v\u1ecdng<\/span> ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u xa<\/span> m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> to l\u1edbn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> trong ba khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng tu t\u1eadp<\/span> d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng<\/span> gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n h\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> l\u00e0: Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada, Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc<\/span> Zen. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft lu\u00f4n mang l\u1ea1i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 lo \u00e2u<\/span> s\u00e2u k\u00edn v\u00e0 ray r\u1ee9t nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra th\u00ec \u00edt ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n<\/span> hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t<\/span> l\u1edbn lao. V\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec – \u00edt nh\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u00e0 tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> – h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> d\u1ec5 theo d\u00f5i<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft<\/span> theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> hay bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1<\/span> tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch nay kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 3,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 3,8 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m. S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u00f4 c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u01a1 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadn<\/span> l\u1ee3i x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span> bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt th\u1eadt th\u00f4 s\u01a1. C\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt th\u00f4 s\u01a1 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111a b\u00e0o, d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/span>. C\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111a b\u00e0o th\u00f4 s\u01a1 theo d\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/span> l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n: t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long to l\u1edbn cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh<\/span> v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft suy ngh\u0129<\/span>. Tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng t\u1ec9 c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. Ngay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ri\u00eang lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi chung d\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 “h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sinh h\u1ecdc” (biogenesis). T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u00e0 “c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft” th\u00ec mang hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau: s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long) v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> sinh v\u1eadt (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta<\/span>). N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/span> t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi, th\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo<\/span> m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn. Quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> th\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3i khi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00e0y xem m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 “duy nh\u1ea5t” v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng l\u00e0 “duy nh\u1ea5t”: c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> s\u1ef1 Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9<\/span> (Bodhi<\/i>) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xoay v\u1ea7n<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> xem s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n<\/span> ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 xoay v\u1ea7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng” \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh “ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u” v\u1edbi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 sinh (theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> s\u1ef1 sinh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, gi\u00e0 nua<\/span>, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft). Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh “xu\u00f4i d\u00f2ng” c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng” c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t “chu k\u1ef3 xoay v\u1ea7n” b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1ec9 quan<\/span> s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xu\u00f4i d\u00f2ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh dung<\/span> ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra ph\u00eda sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, b\u1edfi v\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 tan bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. S\u1ef1 tan bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1ec9 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y “b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft” m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda “chu k\u1ef3 xoay v\u1ea7n” tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Th\u1eadt ra “xu\u00f4i d\u00f2ng” hay “ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng” th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a<\/span> nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> h\u00ecnh dung<\/span> ra s\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u<\/span> v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n th\u1ebf th\u00f4i. S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng chung c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span> s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> g\u00e2y ra t\u1eeb\u00a0quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1o gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> (pratityasamutpada<\/i> \/ interdependence \/ conditioning co-production \/ l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>). Quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> nguy\u00ean-nh\u00e2n-h\u1eadu-qu\u1ea3 (karma<\/i>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xoay v\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9ng<\/span> hay l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u00f3. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0V\u00f2ng xoay v\u1ea7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> hay c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> chung c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y x\u1ed5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1 s\u00e2u hay r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c bay v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tan bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p. Theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> th\u00ec m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tan bi\u1ebfn \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m s\u1eb5n b\u00ean trong s\u1ef1 sinh ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac tinh tr\u00f9ng m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi no\u00e3n c\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 tan bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb l\u00fac tim h\u1ebft \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5i h\u1ebft th\u1edf. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u1ee9 xem s\u1ef1 tan bi\u1ebfn \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/span>, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chia l\u00eca, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00ecnh dung<\/span> c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 phi l\u00fd<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 do \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a Tr\u1eddi (volont\u00e9 de Dieu \/ God’s will) m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 khi c\u0169ng cho \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m tr\u1ea1ng<\/span>, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh<\/span>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n \u00e1c c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean<\/span>, v.v… C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi<\/span> mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh dung<\/span> c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u1ea5y.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ”\u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n” v\u00e0 h\u1ecd xem \u0111\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1” l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>. L\u00fd do<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span>. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span> th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> “\u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n” \u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> “\u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n” kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span> x\u1ea3y ra chung quanh ta. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> tr\u00ean th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span> trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 “\u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n” th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u1edf v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 “\u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n” \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i th\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> chung quanh. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> g\u1ecdi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> “\u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n” v\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n” \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ”v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng” (anitya<\/i> \/ impermanence). N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 hay \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0o mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> “tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n” v\u00e0 ”v\u0129nh c\u1eedu” kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0N\u1ebfu ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 b\u00ean trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 “tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n” kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>, d\u00f9 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u1eadt-ch\u1ea5t hay phi-v\u1eadt-ch\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 “tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n” ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> l\u1eeba ph\u1ec9nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng<\/span> b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eabn tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 \u0111au mang l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au? B\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span> nh\u1eadn n\u00f3, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf! Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf n\u00f3, l\u00e0m ng\u01a1 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 n\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0m ng\u01a1 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f2n l\u00e2u n\u00f3 m\u1edbi x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xem n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, n\u00f3 th\u1ea5m s\u00e2u trong t\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00ecnh, trong t\u1eebng t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 gia t\u00e0i<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u00e1i gia t\u00e0i<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb khi tinh tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a cha v\u00e0 no\u00e3n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/i><\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 gia t\u00e0i<\/span> t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> kh\u00e1c trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> – k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m b\u00ean trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> – t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. V\u1eady b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> “c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p” c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec? S\u1ef1 ”c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p” l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean v\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> nguy\u00ean-nh\u00e2n-h\u1eadu-qu\u1ea3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u sinh ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Cha v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 ta m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> nh\u1edd v\u00e0o v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span>. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd – t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 “quen bi\u1ebft” gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> – c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u01a1 duy\u00ean<\/span>. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ta. S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ta c\u0169ng kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa tinh tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 no\u00e3n c\u1ea7u, tinh tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 no\u00e3n c\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span>. S\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa tinh tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 no\u00e3n c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan<\/span> gi\u00e1c c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t sinh, “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” (c\u00e1i ng\u00e3) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng…, \u0110\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1<\/span> s\u1ef1 ”c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p” v\u00e0 “ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n” \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd tan bi\u1ebfn, t\u1eeb th\u00e2n x\u00e1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> x\u00fac c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy<\/span>, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i”. S\u1ef1 tan bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ta.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta<\/span> h\u00ecnh dung<\/span> c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i g\u00ec c\u1ea3 th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>. Tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> l\u1edbn l\u00ean nh\u1edd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o ra, tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> phi-v\u1eadt-ch\u1ea5t t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> th\u00ec nh\u1edd v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn mang l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan<\/span> gi\u00e1c c\u1ea3m. Khi n\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec ta “c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng”. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ”s\u1ed1ng” th\u00ec kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi<\/span> \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t sinh, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i”. T\u1eeb “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd sinh ra t\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span>, t\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span>. T\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span>, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span> s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span>, c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chung quanh. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> do m\u1ed9t “s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng” t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> g\u00e2y ra v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u1ecfa r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n<\/span>, t\u1ea1o ra v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> kh\u00e1c, d\u00f9 cho “s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng” \u0111\u00f3 hay c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tan bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> n\u1eefa. V\u1eady n\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf<\/span>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00e0 sai.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> th\u00ec s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> kh\u00e1c, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> nguy\u00ean-nh\u00e2n-h\u1eadu-qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh<\/span> v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> c\u0169, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 “l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i”, b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 tham gia<\/span> v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> m\u1edbi \u1ea5y. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sinh m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 sinh c\u0169. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh dung<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3. Kinh s\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pa-li, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kinh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 “t\u00e1i sinh” (renaissance \/ rebirth) nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 “\u0111\u1ea7u thai” (reincarnation) c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ho\u00e1n sinh hay chuy\u1ec3n sinh<\/span> (transmigration).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u1ebfu b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, th\u00ec b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 hai s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i xem c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sinh m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh m\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 sinh c\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft<\/span> gi\u1eefa hai s\u1ef1 sinh<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u1eeba th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 sinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sinh kh\u00e1c nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0m trung gian<\/span>. V\u1eady nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i d\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 “li\u00ean h\u1ec7” gi\u1eefa hai s\u1ef1 sinh? Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u chi<\/span> ph\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7: s\u1ef1 sinh mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sinh mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> gi\u1eefa hai s\u1ef1 sinh x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0M\u1ed1i d\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/span> gi\u1eefa hai s\u1ef1 sinh l\u00e0 “d\u00f2ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c”. D\u00f2ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> phi-v\u1eadt-ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng xung n\u0103ng (impulsions \/ pulses) th\u1eadt tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> x\u1ea3y ra ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> nhau, ch\u00fang x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea9y nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u00fac th\u00edch nghi<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sinh m\u1edbi. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma g\u1ecdi d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng xung n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “d\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c” (continuum of consciousness). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung<\/span> d\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> (hay xung n\u0103ng) li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>. D\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> \u1ea5y s\u1ebd mang theo<\/span> v\u1edbi n\u00f3 c\u00e1c ”ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed” c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> m\u1ed7i khi ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9<\/span> m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span>, th\u1ef1c thi m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hay th\u1ed1t ra m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span> th\u00ec t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> hay nghi\u1ec7p (karma<\/i>), v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00e1c c\u00e1c<\/span> “v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n” in \u0111\u1eadm tr\u00ean t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> \u1ea5y. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> khi hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> \u1ea5y do \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang cho n\u00f3. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n c\u0169 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang cho \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf… S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1edbi tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nghi\u1ec7p do nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c thi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> kh\u00e1c \u0111i. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c xung n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p ghi kh\u1eafc<\/span> tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 h\u01a1n, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eb9 b\u1edbt \u0111i, ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9ng<\/span> khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang s\u1ebd “ng\u1ee7 y\u00ean” trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> d\u00e0i hay ng\u1eafn. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eadt x\u1ea5u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ”ng\u1ee7 y\u00ean” ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, hay ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e1 gi\u1ea3i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> ki\u00ean tr\u00ec<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mang l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> do h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> \u1ea5y t\u1ea1o ra. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> sau khi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ebd “nh\u00e0o n\u1eb7n” ch\u00fang c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n c\u0169 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t “t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p” c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n m\u1edbi mang c\u00e1c “xung n\u0103ng” m\u1edbi. D\u00f9 cho c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> \u1ea5y th\u00ec d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span>. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu\u1ed9c th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, gi\u00e1c c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> s\u1ebd tan bi\u1ebfn h\u1ebft v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1o ra th\u00eam c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n m\u1edbi tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span>, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u1ea5y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> mang l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> th\u1eadt tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng phi-v\u1eadt-ch\u1ea5t chung quanh trong khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn<\/span>. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ”h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng”, c\u00e1c “nghi l\u1ec5” hay m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 tan bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. D\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi kh\u1eafc<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n l\u01b0u tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 duy\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sinh m\u1edbi. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span>,<\/i><\/b> b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/i><\/b> tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span> th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span> nh\u1eb1m mang l\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh ni\u1ec1m an vui trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/span> cho ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/i>.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Trong t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>, m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u mong c\u1ea7u t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/span> thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span>, khoa h\u1ecdc, y khoa, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt… m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> mong c\u1ea7u hay kh\u00f4ng? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng! Qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc, y khoa c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7<\/span> thuy\u1ebft tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf<\/span> ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb…, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3<\/span> h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. C\u00e1c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> – n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> ki\u00eau c\u0103ng<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y – c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span>, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t<\/span> v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. S\u1ef1 say m\u00ea t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 – d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i<\/span>, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/span> hay t\u00e2m linh<\/span> – ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/span> ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i lo \u00e2u<\/span> \u00edch k\u1ef7<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn thi\u1ec3n c\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> m\u00ecnh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 an vui kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch<\/span> c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span>. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span> v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng chung quanh. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u? Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i sao m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i sinh ra \u0111\u1eddi? C\u00e1i t\u00ean do cha m\u1eb9<\/span> t\u00f9y h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7t cho m\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e2u! Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n<\/span> m\u00ecnh xuy\u00ean qua<\/span> c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” \u0111\u1ee9ng ph\u00eda sau c\u00e1i t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n<\/span> cho m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> v\u00e0o “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” v\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9<\/span> m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m: b\u1ea5n lo\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3, th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3, \u00edch k\u1ef7<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3, hung d\u1eef c\u0169ng c\u00f3, th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3, \u0111am m\u00ea<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3… N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh xuy\u00ean qua<\/span> nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt<\/span> h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n<\/span>, h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t v\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb v\u00f4 m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n x\u00f3a b\u1ecf<\/span> v\u00f4 minh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> s\u00e2u k\u00edn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/span> duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span>. S\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u00f4 minh<\/span> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 u m\u00ea<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00e0ng \u1ea9n ph\u00eda sau nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh l\u1eeba ph\u1ec9nh \u1ea5y, h\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean sinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> t\u1ed1i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng chung quanh m\u00ecnh. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n gia t\u0103ng<\/span> s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao? Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> ph\u00e9p thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> t\u1ea5t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo ng\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec. S\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng<\/span>, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i”, nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/span> s\u1ef1 si m\u00ea<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1<\/span> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh… ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch mang l\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 xao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span>. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>, s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1<\/span>, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng<\/span> ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng trong y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng trong y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1edf ra cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. “Trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 Th\u1ea7n Ch\u1ebft (Mara<\/i>) s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> m\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3” (Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa<\/span>, ti\u1ebft 170). Ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd<\/span> ch\u1ebft hay l\u1eabn tr\u1ed1n “Th\u1ea7n Ch\u1ebft” m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho “Th\u1ea7n Ch\u1ebft” ch\u1ebft theo v\u1edbi “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m b\u1ea5n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. D\u00f9 sao n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span> th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u00edch nghi<\/span>. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1ed1i h\u1ea3<\/span>, m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span> nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng hu\u1ea5n \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> t\u1ea5t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu<\/span> s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u1ebfu gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nghi\u00eam minh<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> th\u1eadt s\u00e2u xa<\/span> th\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ngay trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y? <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Kinh s\u00e1ch x\u01b0a g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 “\u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9” (nirodha<\/i>), n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 “m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7” gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh c\u1edfi b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i d\u00e2y r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/span> t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1c<\/span> quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean (pratityasamutpada<\/i>) v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean-nh\u00e2n-h\u1eadu-qu\u1ea3 (karma<\/i>). Khi n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 “\u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9” \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m b\u1ea5n lo\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb<\/span>, “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” s\u1ebd tan bi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00f3 tay v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t v\u00f2ng xoay v\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a sinh t\u1eed<\/span>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9<\/span> chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i l\u00f4i k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1eabn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft<\/i><\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span> b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p tu t\u1eadp<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u1eady ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y? Thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta<\/span> h\u00e3y th\u1eed ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> chung c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> h\u01a1n c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> chung c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t<\/span> quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129<\/span> kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 theo cung c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span> c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> (Dharma<\/i>) do \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi th\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb hi\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni<\/span>, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1” si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1c<\/span> Ng\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 “S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt” c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0“S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt” do \u0110\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9<\/span> n\u00eau l\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u1eadt-ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 phi-v\u1eadt-ch\u1ea5t, bao h\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>: t\u1eeb khoa h\u1ecdc, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> s\u00e2u k\u00edn c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span>. N\u1ebfu suy x\u00e9t<\/span> th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng tuy “S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt” \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9<\/span> m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1eadt thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> t\u1ef1 g\u00e2y ra cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> gi\u00fap h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> qua nh\u00e3n quan c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> “t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc” (psychology) v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> th\u1eadt bao qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn theo m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh thu h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span> h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh y h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “t\u00e2m l\u00fd tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u” (psychotherapy), n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn theo m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/span> thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> “t\u00e2m linh” (spiritual exploration). Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> \u1ea5y c\u00f3 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 di\u1ec7u k\u1ef3 (a mystical mysticism). “Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n” hay “m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng” c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i “th\u1ea7n b\u00ed” hay “thi\u00eang li\u00eang” n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n” \u0111ang hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span> \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh ki\u00eau c\u0103ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m b\u1ea5n lo\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” \u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t V\u1ecb S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m ng\u00e2y th\u01a1, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1eadt thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u00e2u xa<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/span>, nghi l\u1ec5<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> hay m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n<\/span> x\u00e9t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span> qua nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh<\/span> t\u1eeb c\u00e1c g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Th\u1eadt ra ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ba t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> n\u00eau l\u00ean trong \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> do \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0: Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada, Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p tu t\u1eadp<\/span> g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> th\u1eadt tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span> \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p tu t\u1eadp<\/span> th\u00edch nghi<\/span>. Thi\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc<\/span> ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> mang nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p tu t\u1eadp<\/span> r\u1ea5t c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t<\/span> nh\u1eb1m lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> do t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u1eeba ph\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn<\/span> v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span>. Kinh s\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh<\/span>, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span> lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 minh<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0N\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 ba xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ba t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> (vijnana<\/i>, citta<\/i> \/ consciousness) nh\u1eb1m r\u00fat t\u1ec9a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> qua nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> m\u00ecnh. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> c\u1ea3 ba khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng tu t\u1eadp<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00f3i chung. V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta<\/span> h\u00e3y th\u1eed t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> xem b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ra sao.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> (consciousness \/ kinh s\u00e1ch g\u1ed1c H\u00e1n ng\u1eef g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “th\u1ee9c”) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc” gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>. Tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft”. Ch\u1eef t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> (esprit \/ spirit \/ kinh s\u00e1ch g\u1ed1c H\u00e1n ng\u1eef g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “T\u00e2m”) mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> bao qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> x\u00fac c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> n\u00f3i chung. T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebft suy ngh\u0129<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf<\/span>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>. X\u00fac c\u1ea3m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u0169 gi\u00e1c<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 – t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> – c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (ng\u0169 gi\u00e1c<\/span> c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9i, v\u1ecb, \u00e2m thanh<\/span>…, t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00fac c\u1ea3m, t\u01b0 duy<\/span>…). C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a “t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c” mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span> s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a “tri th\u1ee9c” mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span> h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0 s\u1edf d\u0129<\/span> ta \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef n\u00e0y \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1edd ng\u00e0y c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i h\u1ecdc. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> s\u1edf d\u0129<\/span> k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng “kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc” hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> nhau t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u<\/span> kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span> hay “d\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c” (continuum of consciousness) m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> phi-v\u1eadt-ch\u1ea5t, v\u1eady s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> phi-v\u1eadt-ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan<\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> xem b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> qua nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n<\/span> g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan<\/span> gi\u00e1c c\u1ea3m c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ”tri th\u1ee9c ng\u0169 gi\u00e1c”, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “tri th\u1ee9c t\u00e2m<\/span> th\u1ea7n” (g\u1ed3m x\u00fac c\u1ea3m, t\u01b0 duy<\/span>, t\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span>…). N\u00e3o b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n<\/span> n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft<\/span>, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u1ed9<\/span> n\u00e3o b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> tai h\u1ea1i<\/span> cho sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span> (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u00f4n m\u00ea<\/span>, m\u1ea5t tr\u00ed<\/span>, ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n), c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span> l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh<\/span>, an vui, ho\u1eb7c lo \u00e2u<\/span> hay xao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>…, \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb tr\u00ean th\u00e2n x\u00e1c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng th\u1eadt tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> s\u00e2u s\u1eafc (“th\u1ee9c” trong c\u00e1c kinh s\u00e1ch g\u1ed1c H\u00e1n ng\u1eef) kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1<\/span> hay chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> “\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp” \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u<\/span> su\u1ed1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, trong khi ng\u1ee7 hay trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac b\u1ecb h\u00f4n m\u00ea<\/span>, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. S\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> d\u00f9 cho th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span> th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 tan bi\u1ebfn h\u1ebft khi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft x\u1ea3y ra. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u<\/span> t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y sang ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, xuy\u00ean qua<\/span> c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trung gian<\/span> thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> th\u00ec d\u00f2ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>. M\u1ed7i kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> s\u1edf d\u0129<\/span> ph\u00e1t sinh l\u00e0 do nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3, ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> sau. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed<\/span> n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc “\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean” th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> ”b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i” n\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> v\u1edbi n\u00f3, th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au s\u1edf d\u0129<\/span> x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 do nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> do ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra cho m\u00ecnh. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed<\/span> nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u<\/span> b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc sau c\u00f9ng, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 phi l\u00fd<\/span> kh\u00e1c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> ph\u00e1t sinh th\u00ec b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> kh\u00e1c, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Theo \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma th\u00ec d\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> s\u1ebd v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u<\/span> sau khi c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> s\u1ef1 Gi\u1ea3i Tho\u00e1t<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>. V\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> kh\u00e1c. Tuy mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi<\/span> (ponctuel \/ punctual) th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> nhau r\u1ea5t nhanh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> linh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n phim, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u01b0 duy<\/span>, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p: t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span>, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/span> hay trung h\u00f2a<\/span>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> (h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng) th\u00ec t\u1ea5t s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> (nghi\u1ec7p \/ v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n \/ ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span>). Nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> s\u1ebd l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span>. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p do ch\u00ednh c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> \u1ea5y t\u1ea1o ra, tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> \u1ea5y. C\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n m\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i b\u1edbt, ho\u1eb7c gia t\u0103ng<\/span> th\u00eam hay c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xung n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t “t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n m\u1edbi” tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> sau \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y sang ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p trong t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p. Nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u0169ng n\u00ean ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat m\u1ed9t, do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n t\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> th\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o t\u1eebng t\u01b0 duy<\/span>, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span> h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i<\/span> v\u00e0 tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span> h\u00f3a c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Xao l\u00e3ng<\/span> v\u00e0 phung ph\u00ed<\/span> th\u00ec gi\u1edd<\/span> v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n v\u00f4 b\u1ed5<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0S\u1ef1 xao l\u00e3ng<\/span> s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> tr\u00ean th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> tuy mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> “\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp”, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> th\u1eadt ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed3n l\u01b0u trong \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> sau \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> “tr\u00ed nh\u1edb” v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 “l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean” l\u00e0 g\u00ec. “Tr\u00ed nh\u1edb” d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p ghi kh\u1eafc<\/span> tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> tri th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Khi c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed<\/span> nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n sang cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> \u0111i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb lu m\u1edd<\/span>, m\u00e9o m\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> b\u1ecb che l\u1ea5p<\/span> b\u1edfi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n m\u1edbi. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean ho\u1eb7c nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng khi nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u00e1c k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng<\/span> \u0111i, m\u01a1 h\u1ed3<\/span> v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng x\u00fac c\u1ea3m kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, t\u1eeb h\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> n\u00e0y sang \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u<\/span> c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> kh\u00e1c \u0111i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y c\u00f2n b\u00e9, m\u1ed7i khi ph\u1ea3i \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t gian ph\u00f2ng t\u1ed1i th\u00ec ta “s\u1ee3 ma”, ng\u00e0y nay m\u1ed7i khi h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> hay “nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i” s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadt c\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> \u1ea5y th\u1eadt tr\u1ebb con. Ch\u1eb3ng qua \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> trong s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng khi l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ghi kh\u1eafc<\/span> tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> khi c\u00f2n b\u00e9. H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> kh\u00e1c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n ta th\u1ea5t t\u00ecnh<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 t\u1eed, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> sau \u0111\u00f3 ta l\u1ea1i “quen” m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c “xinh \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 duy\u00ean” ho\u1eb7c “b\u1ea3nh trai v\u00e0 t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi” h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 khi “nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i” chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea5t t\u00ecnh<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec ta m\u1eebng th\u1ea7m<\/span> v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 m\u00ecnh u\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c chu\u1ed9t th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i! S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh “kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf” nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y n\u1eefa m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng<\/span> th\u00eam “h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac” m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang c\u00f3. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n c\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> kh\u00e1c \u0111i. H\u00e3y n\u00eau th\u00eam m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, khi \u0111i ngang m\u1ed9t s\u1ea1p b\u00e1n th\u1ecbt heo \u1edf ch\u1ee3, ng\u1eedi th\u1ea5y m\u00f9i th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 m\u00e1u x\u00f4ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t h\u00f4i tanh, ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eb1m m\u01a1 th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh th\u1ecdc huy\u1ebft heo, con v\u1eadt gi\u1eaby d\u1ee5a, k\u00eau en \u00e9t, m\u00e1u me l\u00eanh l\u00e1ng<\/span>, ta khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 to\u00e1t m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i<\/span>. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> con v\u1eadt b\u1ecb th\u1ecdc huy\u1ebft khi\u1ebfn ta khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> th\u00ec ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i<\/span> con v\u1eadt v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span>. Ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu ta tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean s\u1ea1p b\u00e1n th\u1ecbt \u1edf ch\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i th\u1ecbt \u0111\u00f9i th\u1eadt ngon, n\u1ea1c nhi\u1ec1u, \u00edt m\u1ee1, da m\u1ecfng, l\u00f4ng c\u1ea1o th\u1eadt s\u1ea1ch, ta li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1ed3i th\u1ecbt kho th\u01a1m ph\u1ee9c d\u1ecdn ra<\/span> trong bu\u1ed5i c\u01a1m chi\u1ec1u nay th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span> h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 “th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t” v\u00e0 “b\u00e1m v\u00edu” hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> trong tr\u00ed m\u00ecnh. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a phai, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam h\u00f4m \u1ea5y ta n\u1eb1m m\u01a1 th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 d\u1ecdn c\u01a1m ra v\u1edbi th\u1ecbt kho, rau lu\u1ed9c, d\u01b0a c\u1ea3i…, tuy \u0111\u00f3i th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec l\u00fd do<\/span> n\u00e0y hay l\u00fd do<\/span> kh\u00e1c ta kh\u00f4ng sao \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ta n\u1eb1m m\u01a1 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang lang thang \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i xa l\u1ea1<\/span>, b\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3i th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda<\/span>, ta c\u1ee9 \u0111i h\u1ebft ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y sang ph\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> h\u00e0ng qu\u00e1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n, nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch ghi kh\u1eafc<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng<\/span> trong s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3i chung n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1eadt c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/span> t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra th\u1eadt l\u00e2u trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 hay c\u00e1c c\u01a1n \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 xao l\u00e3ng<\/span> v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1ea5y. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o ra trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> trong gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7, b\u1edfi v\u00ec trong khi ng\u1ee7 l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n m\u1edbi, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n v\u1eeba ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ra trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee7 y\u00ean l\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> h\u01a1n trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t<\/span> con v\u1eadt b\u1ecb th\u1ecdc huy\u1ebft s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ta t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/span> gi\u00fap ta bi\u1ebft \u0103n chay<\/span> v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t<\/span> c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> g\u00e2y ra kh\u1ed5 \u0111au cho c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> kh\u00e1c c\u1ee9 x\u1ea3y ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p xung n\u0103ng th\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh xui khi\u1ebfn<\/span> ta t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n<\/span> ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i<\/span> v\u00e0 hung b\u1ea1o. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111i ngang m\u1ed9t s\u1ea1p b\u00e1n th\u1ecbt \u1edf ch\u1ee3, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng xung n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00e1ch n\u00eau l\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean (interdependence) qua m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span> \u0111i n\u1eefa, l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u<\/span> h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00e0y. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1eadt c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec sinh ra l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd<\/span> do v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec m\u1ea5t \u0111i hay tan bi\u1ebfn \u0111i m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> do ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang g\u00e2y ra. D\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> c\u0169ng g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> do ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t c\u01a1n \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00f4 c\u1edb<\/span>, khi gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh to\u00e1t m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i<\/span> trong \u0111\u00eam c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd<\/span> do c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. S\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> s\u1ebd gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb hay \u1ed1m \u0111au tr\u00ean th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, an vui hay lo bu\u1ed3n trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n hay th\u1eadt xa n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra cho m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/span> \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp may<\/span> gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> suy ngh\u0129<\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 canh ch\u1eebng v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i<\/span> nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3, \u0111ang hay s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y. C\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n “ng\u1ee7 y\u00ean” hay b\u1ecb ”qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng” c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, gi\u00fap cho nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed3n l\u01b0u trong d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1eadt l\u00e2u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean qua<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng. D\u00f9 “ng\u1ee7 y\u00ean” v\u00e0 b\u1ecb “qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng” th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “th\u1ee9c d\u1eady” \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e0ng ng\u1ee7 y\u00ean l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span> ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> lo\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb<\/span> b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea5u ”ng\u1ee7 y\u00ean” l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “th\u1ee9c d\u1eady” b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o khi g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 duy\u00ean<\/span> thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ta v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed5 \u0111au kinh khi\u1ebfp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch “\u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c” c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p s\u00e2u k\u00edn trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00ecnh s\u1edbm h\u01a1n h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i ch\u00fang.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0N\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ”nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i” nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1<\/span> hay s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra li\u00ean quan<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n “tr\u00ed nh\u1edb” c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m cho lu m\u1edd<\/span> n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span> h\u01a1n. Khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 (IRM \/ MRI \/ MRT \/ Imagerie par R\u00e9sonnance Magn\u00e9tique \/ Magnetic Resonance Imaging), th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec th\u00ec d\u00f9 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span> h\u1ecdc, t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> h\u1ecdc hay ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc<\/span> th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu thua<\/span> kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span> th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> m\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a theo k\u1ecbp<\/span>. Sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ”vi m\u00f4” v\u00e0 “v\u0129 m\u00f4” c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng trong gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> ra h\u01a1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1o gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> (pratityasamutpada<\/i> \/ interdependence \/ l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>). C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> thay nhau chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> khi bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang cho \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> v\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span>. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed3n l\u01b0u v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> ph\u1ea3i l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00e1c do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f3 (conditioning co-production \/ dependent origination). Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> m\u00e0 sinh ra n\u00ean m\u1ed7i kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc hay \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi<\/span> quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a b\u00ean trong n\u00f3 c\u0169ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 (b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi). M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> mang \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>: sinh ra, chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7p, tan bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> khi n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng” v\u00e0 khi n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u0111i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft”. D\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft \u0111i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> qua t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. D\u00f2ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0<\/span> s\u1ef1 xoay v\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n th\u1eadt tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u00e2u k\u00edn x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span>. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi d\u00f2ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ”qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi m\u00f4” c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e0 nua<\/span>, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> l\u00e0 “qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 m\u00f4” c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: tinh tr\u00f9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi no\u00e3n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0o thai<\/span>, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, gi\u00e1c c\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t sinh, “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e0 nua<\/span>, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft x\u1ea3y ra, ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> tan r\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec “qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi m\u00f4” di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn<\/span> th\u1eadt \u00e2m th\u1ea7m v\u00e0 s\u00e2u k\u00edn trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>. V\u1eady hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span>, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span> thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u00ean t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh “vi m\u00f4” ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c c\u00e1c<\/span> d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> c\u0169ng gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2<\/span> th\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t “c\u01a1 s\u1edf” hay “m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng” thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/span> gi\u00fap c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi m\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 m\u00f4. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi m\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sinh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/span> thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 m\u00f4 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ho\u1eb7c trong gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi m\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng<\/span> hay nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb9p, ho\u1eb7c trong l\u00fac h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft thanh th\u1ea3n<\/span> hay m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft th\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>, v.v… <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0S\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> chung c\u1ee7a hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi m\u00f4 v\u00e0 v\u0129 m\u00f4 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn<\/span> n\u00edu k\u00e9o v\u00e0 xoay v\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> trong c\u00f5i lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n<\/span>. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span> l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ”\u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9” t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ”h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i” s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, “v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t” ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec1m t\u1ecfa<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u00f9y theo<\/span> c\u00e1c g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn<\/span> b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p tu t\u1eadp<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> hay g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 ba t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> l\u1edbn n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0: Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada, Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc<\/span>. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> n\u00eau l\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng tu t\u1eadp<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n<\/span> ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span> nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng trung gian<\/span> n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa hai s\u1ef1 sinh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa hai “ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng” c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span>. Khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sinh n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t th\u00ec ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sinh kh\u00e1c, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean-nh\u00e2n-h\u1eadu-qu\u1ea3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh “sinh-t\u1eed-v\u00e0-t\u00e1i-sinh” \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span> gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 ”v\u0129 m\u00f4” g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 “sinh “, “th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng trung gian” v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 “t\u00e1i sinh” kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh l\u00f4-gic (h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span>) n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 sinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. T\u00e1i sinh<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sinh m\u1edbi, ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> do s\u1ef1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sinh kh\u00e1c. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> hay \u00edt ra c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra ph\u00eda sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp<\/span> l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span> h\u00f3a “qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi m\u00f4”, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span>, theo d\u00f5i<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eebng t\u01b0 duy<\/span>, t\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span> tr\u00ean th\u00e2n x\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m ch\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t huy m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n<\/span> th\u1ea5y s\u00e2u xa<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> v\u00f4 minh<\/span> gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span> h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 \u0111ang t\u1ed3n l\u01b0u tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/span>, bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp ki\u00ean tr\u00ec<\/span>, nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i v\u00e0 can tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, nh\u1eb1m ch\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9ng<\/span> s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1ea9y x\u00f3a c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n c\u0169 trong t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span>. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho gi\u00e1c c\u1ea3m chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t<\/span>, \u0111am m\u00ea<\/span> hay d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span>, khi\u1ebfn cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1eaft ngh\u1ec9. Kinh s\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 “\u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9” (nirodha<\/i>), l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n. Trong th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sinh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Trong Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa<\/span> c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Tesam sampannasilanam<\/i>
<\/span> appamadaviharinam
sammadanna vimuttanam
Maro maggam na vindati.
<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

bi\u1ebft trau d\u1ed3i s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i [cho m\u00ecnh] s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

[th\u00ec] Ma V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> (Mara) n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00f2n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> [m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i]<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0(Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa<\/span>, Dhammapada<\/i>, ph\u1ea9m IV, ti\u1ebft 57)<\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh<\/span><\/i> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: 1- \u0103n n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang<\/span>, 2- h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang, 3- sinh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang. C\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c<\/span><\/i> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: 4- c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> \u0111\u00fang, 5- ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u00fang, 6- t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00fang. Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span><\/i> \u0111\u00fang c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: 7- suy ngh\u0129<\/span> \u0111\u00fang, 8- hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u00fang (v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>). \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a T\u00e1m \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0110\u00fang \u0110\u1eafn<\/span> (B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span>). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u00ean Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u1ea5y th\u00ec Ma V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> (Mara<\/i>) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n Ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebft ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eefa. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean trong h\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat h\u1eadn th\u00f9<\/span> hay th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t<\/span> n\u00e0o, t\u01b0 duy<\/span> lu\u00f4n ngay th\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch<\/span>, s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n<\/span> th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>, x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> chung quanh, l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1eafc b\u00e9n, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span>. D\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span>, trong s\u00e1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p: \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Trong m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Yatha pubbulakam passe
yatha passe maracikam
evam lokam avekkhantam<\/i>
<\/span> maccuraja na passati.
<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> [t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span>] nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ecdt bong b\u00f3ng<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft nh\u00ecn [th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>] nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf,<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00ec Di\u00eam V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3.<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0(Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa<\/span>, Dhammapada<\/i>, ph\u1ea9m XIII, ti\u1ebft 170)<\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0B\u1ecdt bong b\u00f3ng<\/span><\/i> bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh<\/span><\/i> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span> \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> th\u00ec n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c g\u00ec v\u1edbi n\u0103m th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p (ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span>) t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh<\/span> hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn n\u0103m th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec Di\u00eam V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Trong \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n Kinh<\/span><\/i> (b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pa-li trong Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A H\u00e0m<\/span> – Digha Nikaya<\/i>), \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Anicca vata sankhara,<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

uppadavaya-dhammino;<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

uppajjitva nirujjhanti,<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

tesam vupasamo sukho.<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1edd v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 du:<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i.<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> th\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tan bi\u1ebfn \u0111i.<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span>, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m ph\u00fac h\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt<\/i>.<\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> do c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea5t s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t khi n\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1eefa. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u1eefa t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i Lan l\u00e0 P.A. Payutto (ph\u00e1p danh<\/span> Phra Bhramagunabhorn, sinh n\u0103m 1938) trong m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf “Dependent Origination – The Buddhist Law of Conditionality” <\/i>(Buddhadhamma Foundation, Thailand, 1995) v\u00e0 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III mang t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/i> (Man and Nature) c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a hai “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” kh\u00e1c nhau. Theo \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t “ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng” thu\u1ed9c b\u00ean trong hay b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p (ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span>) c\u1ea3. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span>. S\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi<\/span> v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c do nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f3 (origine conditionn\u00e9e \/ dependent origination \/ l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>), quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00e0y chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u<\/span> (continuum) t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p \u1ea5y v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p \u1ea5y bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho “s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng” v\u00e0 mang ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> l\u00e0: v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> (aniccata<\/i>), v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> (anattata<\/i>) v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au (dukkhata<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u0103m th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> gi\u1eefa nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean (a natural continuum of interrelated determinants), th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span> c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i<\/span> d\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n<\/span> m\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u<\/span> n\u00e0y v\u00e0 xem \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u<\/span> x\u1ea3y ra ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tham v\u1ecdng<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i<\/span>, s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e0ng mang l\u1ea1i th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5 \u0111au h\u01a1n n\u1eefa cho h\u1ecd. Ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1eafp ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra cho “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh – ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft – th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng<\/span> v\u00e0 lo \u00e2u<\/span>, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh th\u1eadt s\u00e2u trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span> ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh<\/span> (avijja<\/i>). <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0D\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi nhau:<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

1- Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng<\/b>: t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a ba th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh (jati<\/i>), gi\u00e0 nua<\/span> (jara<\/i>) v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft (marana<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

2- Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh “t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng”<\/b> (contrived process) ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span><\/b>: qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1edf d\u0129<\/span> x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> (v\u00f4 minh<\/span>) v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> hay v\u00f4 minh<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> v\u00e0o n\u00f3. “C\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng” \u1ea5y s\u1ebd ng\u0103n tr\u1edf d\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean<\/span>, v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y lo \u00e2u<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Xuy\u00ean qua<\/span> hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung<\/span> ra hai c\u00e1i t\u00f4i kh\u00e1c nhau: <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

– “C\u00e1i t\u00f4i quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span><\/b>“: l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean<\/span> (t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>…). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung<\/span> c\u00e1i t\u00f4i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u<\/span> (continuum) c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t<\/span> (c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span>) kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00e1c (c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> kh\u00e1c).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

– “C\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng<\/b>“: l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh<\/span> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 u m\u00ea<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span>. M\u1ed7i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n<\/span> m\u00ecnh xuy\u00ean qua<\/span> c\u00e1i t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0“C\u00e1i t\u00f4i quy \u01b0\u1edbc” kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng” lu\u00f4n n\u1ea5p ph\u00eda sau “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i quy \u01b0\u1edbc” \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> v\u00e0o n\u00f3, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i quy \u01b0\u1edbc” – ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 gi\u00e0 nua<\/span>, \u1ed1m \u0111au v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft – \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i cho n\u00f3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> c\u1ee7a “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng” \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o g\u1ee1<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> v\u00f4 minh<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u0103m th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p do c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean-nh\u00e2n-h\u1eadu-qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> x\u00f3a b\u1ecf<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ”c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng” \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng A-la-h\u00e1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u1ea5y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ”ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0 th\u1eeba” (saupadidesa nibbana \/ h\u1eefu d\u01b0 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/span><\/i>), b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mang th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi n\u00e0o v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n n\u00e0y r\u1eddi b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n x\u00e1c “d\u01b0 th\u1eeba” (residue, remains \/ c\u1eb7n b\u00e3<\/span>, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n d\u01b0) m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang c\u00f3 trong ki\u1ebfp nh\u00e2n sinh<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> n\u00e0y, th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o “ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o” (parinibbana \/ b\u00e1t ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> n\u1eefa, “c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi” ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0 th\u1eeba” (anupadisena nibbana<\/i> ho\u1eb7c khandaparinibbana \/ v\u00f4 d\u01b0<\/span> ni\u1ebft -b\u00e0n<\/i>). <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u0169ng xin l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> kinh s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00eau l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span>, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n m\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> h\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> theo Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0N\u1ebfu Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span> nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa hai s\u1ef1 sinh, th\u00ec tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span> Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span>, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tan-tra Th\u1eeba hay Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span>, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> quan t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trung gian<\/span> n\u00e0y. Th\u1eadt ra Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> nhau tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng sinh di\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bardo (ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> bardo c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \/ ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 antarabh\u00e2va<\/i>). Bardo do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trung gian<\/span> hay chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa hai s\u1ef1 sinh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng: ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac l\u1eafng v\u00e0o gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7, b\u1ecb h\u00f4n m\u00ea<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c khi n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trung gian<\/span> ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trung gian<\/span> kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u00f3 hai bardo ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/span> l\u00e0: “bardo c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng” t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span>, v\u00e0 “bardo c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft” t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb l\u00fac c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 tan bi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u<\/span> b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sinh m\u1edbi (l\u00fac tinh tr\u00f9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi no\u00e3n c\u1ea7u). “Bardo c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng” c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 “bardo c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft” m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia<\/span> th\u00e0nh ba bardo th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u00e1u bardo t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ba “bardo c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng” l\u00e0: <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0– bardo trong l\u00fac t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0– bardo trong khi ng\u1ee7<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0– bardo trong khi thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 bardo n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ra v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng trong s\u00e1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ba “bardo c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft” l\u00e0: <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0- bardo c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 tan bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u0103m th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra (xin l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 theo Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/span> y khoa).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0- bardo c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u0103m th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p (ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span>) \u0111\u00e3 tan bi\u1ebfn h\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tinh tr\u00f9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi no\u00e3n c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0- bardo c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb l\u00fac bardo c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span> ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn khi tinh tr\u00f9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi no\u00e3n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sinh m\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bardo c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u0169ng xin l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span> l\u00e0 bardo c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 bardo c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Tuy bardo c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 so v\u1edbi bardo c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng bardo n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (reversible), t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “t\u1ec9nh d\u1eady” sau \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> theo Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> ph\u00e9p du-gi\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>, theo d\u00f5i<\/span> qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bardo c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp cho quen d\u1ea7n, h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3<\/span> d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n khi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra. C\u0169ng xin l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span> l\u00e0 bardo c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn<\/span> r\u1ea5t nhanh v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp du-gi\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Bardo trong l\u00fac x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n “tan bi\u1ebfn” (dissolution): tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tan bi\u1ebfn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c), \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tan bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan<\/span> gi\u00e1c c\u1ea3m tr\u00ean th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tan bi\u1ebfn b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span> (ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> cao th\u00e2m ra th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i m\u1edbi c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tan bi\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> n\u00e0y). <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tan bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/b> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tan bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u0103m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda, kh\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> (sinh kh\u00ed<\/span>). Khi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea5t (ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng) tan bi\u1ebfn (n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u tan bi\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> m\u1ea5t \u0111i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea5t tan bi\u1ebfn th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u1eabn c\u00f2n), ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> th\u00e2n x\u00e1c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng xoay tr\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e8 l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> n\u01b0\u1edbc tan bi\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eddn tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o (c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ch b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>), ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> kh\u00e1t, t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span> hoang mang v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> nh\u1eb9 b\u1ed7ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed3ng b\u1ec1nh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i. Khi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> l\u1eeda tan bi\u1ebfn, th\u00e2n x\u00e1c m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ea1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u00ea man<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n suy ngh\u0129<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. Ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh<\/span> s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1<\/span> \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1eeba qua s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 trong t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n phim chi\u1ebfu nhanh. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng trong s\u00e1ng<\/span> l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> r\u1ea1ng ng\u1eddi v\u00e0 an b\u00ecnh<\/span>. C\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y tim s\u1ebd ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5i h\u1ebft th\u1edf, ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy tho\u00e1i. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u<\/span> c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/span> y khoa. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/span> y khoa th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd c\u1ee9u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i t\u1ec9nh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/span> y khoa kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/span> y khoa) “sinh kh\u00ed” bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi “kh\u00f4ng gian” trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n duy tr\u00ec<\/span> th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> n\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tan bi\u1ebfn h\u1ebft. Khi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> th\u00ec d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u<\/span> c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tan bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai<\/b> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tan bi\u1ebfn b\u00ean trong. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y n\u0103m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n<\/span> (ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span>) \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi n\u0103m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> \u1ea5y v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 “tan bi\u1ebfn tinh t\u1ebf” c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c<\/span>: c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span> tan bi\u1ebfn h\u1ebft, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> tinh t\u00fay<\/span> th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a cha v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y (khi c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 thai) s\u1ebd h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> tim v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng tan bi\u1ebfn sau \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> tinh t\u1ebf<\/span>, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> ra kh\u1ecfi “l\u1edbp v\u1ecf c\u1ee9ng” t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129<\/span> quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> v\u00e0 quen thu\u1ed9c<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ebd nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean sinh v\u00e0 tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng r\u1ea1ng ng\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong su\u1ed1t” c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n “\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong su\u1ed1t” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp du-gi\u00e0, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span> v\u1edbi n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch “d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i” \u1edf th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a “bardo hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c” t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng “\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong su\u1ed1t”. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi n\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang bardo ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> h\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> c\u00f2n \u0111ang v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc<\/span> trong c\u00f5i lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp du-gi\u00e0 cao th\u00e2m th\u00ec giai \u0111o\u1ea1n bardo c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong su\u1ed1t<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng. Trong th\u1eddi gian<\/span> n\u00e0y x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 th\u1ed1i, ch\u1ec9 sau khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong su\u1ed1t<\/span> (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>) th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0 th\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb<\/span> t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp<\/span> v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong su\u1ed1t<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd th\u00ec th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng trung gian<\/span> n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong kho\u1ea3ng<\/span> v\u00e0i gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn ba ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng. Sau khi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong su\u1ed1t<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> h\u00f4n m\u00ea<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i<\/span> ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t bardo kh\u00e1c, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bardo c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Trong bardo n\u00e0y tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span> s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c<\/span>, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111ang mang m\u1ed9t “th\u00e2n x\u00e1c” m\u1edbi th\u1eadt tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c chi\u00eam bao<\/span> trong gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7). Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 mang m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n x\u00e1c tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> – t\u1ee9c ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 thu\u1ed9c bardo c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sinh s\u1eafp x\u1ea3y ra – th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c<\/span> khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean<\/span> v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 long tr\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng h\u1ed1 s\u00e2u \u0111en ng\u00f2m, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e0n th\u00fa d\u1eef<\/span> g\u1ea7m th\u00e9t<\/span>…, nh\u1eefng \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u00f3i chung h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 gian tru\u00e2n<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u1eed cung<\/span> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>. D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec th\u1eddi gian<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1ed1i \u0111a b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn ng\u00e0y, tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng bardo c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e2u hay mau l\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng “ng\u00e0y” trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n bardo n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span> ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 “ng\u00e0y” trong “c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi” c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> quan t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn “qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 m\u00f4” c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n chia<\/span> qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u bardo kh\u00e1c nhau. Ri\u00eang “bardo v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> th\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> nh\u1edd v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mang l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ph\u00e9p luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 du-gi\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> c\u0169ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> “qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi m\u00f4” di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn<\/span> song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 m\u00f4 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y qua nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 tan bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span>. T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> “l\u00f4-gic” trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span> s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1edd v\u00e0o thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n cao th\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “h\u00ecnh dung” hay “t\u1ea1o ra” m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. N\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh “vi m\u00f4” v\u00e0 “v\u0129 m\u00f4” v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> chung c\u1ee7a hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng xoay v\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>. C\u0169ng xin l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span> l\u00e0 Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o bardo c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span> ngay trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c trong m\u1ed9t hay hai ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng sau \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span> ngay trong ki\u1ebfp nh\u00e2n sinh<\/span> n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n bardo c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong su\u1ed1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> theo Thi\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc<\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0“T\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y”<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> Thi\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc<\/span>. “T\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y”<\/i> l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch “c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t” qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 “ch\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9ng” v\u1ecb lai<\/span>, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ”d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i” m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch<\/span> m\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc<\/span> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 “ho\u00e1 gi\u1ea3i” c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean (pratityasamutpada<\/i>), v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> (anitya<\/i>) v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span> (karma<\/i>). Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> hay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ”s\u1ed1ng” th\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ra v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1ed3n<\/span> hay c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi Th\u1ef1c T\u1ea1i<\/span>. S\u1edf d\u0129<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> qu\u00e1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd b\u1ecb r\u01a1i tr\u1ec7ch ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Hi\u1ec7n Th\u1ef1c<\/span>. T\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3<\/span> h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi n\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m tan bi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u00f9ng tham d\u1ef1<\/span> m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m t\u00e1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> tr\u1ecf x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y: “Th\u1ebf h\u1eafn \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng hay \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft?” V\u1ecb th\u1ea7y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>: ”Ta kh\u00f4ng sao tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> mi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00ednh ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft” (c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> do thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> J.P. Faure k\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 3, n\u0103m 2000 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> Ph\u00e1p, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y t\u00ean g\u00ec v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> n\u00e0o). V\u1ecb th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi h\u1eafn trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u00ec m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng hay c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng \u00e1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span> ch\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9ng<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u01b0 duy<\/span> mang xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> quay nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 suy lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00ec c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i thay, kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec: t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i<\/span>, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 n\u00fai, m\u1ed9t l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tinh, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang “h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh” ho\u1eb7c “tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a” trong t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat m\u1ed9t. Trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> nh\u01b0 nhau, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111i, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4-th\u1ef1c-th\u1ec3, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u1eadt th\u00ec t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc ch\u00fang s\u1ebd h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh<\/span> ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. N\u1ebfu \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c-th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt<\/span> T\u1ed1i H\u1eadu<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y Thi\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc<\/span> lu\u00f4n ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c “\u1ee9ng ph\u00f3” v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span> “\u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u” v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. T\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ra kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span> t\u1eadn c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc<\/span>. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi gian<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 ai m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec: ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua hay sao? Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nay ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc gia, m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia<\/span>, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> gia hay m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec! Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span> m\u1ecdc bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 l\u1eb7n v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span> kh\u00f4ng m\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7n, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u quay chung quanh n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam. Tr\u1ee5c quay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian<\/span>. Trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 hay y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 hay y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? S\u1edf d\u0129<\/span> kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 quay \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o l\u00f2 xo ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 “nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y” c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t transitor, th\u1eddi gian<\/span> kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 quay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nay ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a<\/span> th\u1eddi gian<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ebf. Th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> lu\u00f4n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, do \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian<\/span> c\u0169ng \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/span> b\u00ean trong th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian<\/span> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 “h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1” quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span>. C\u0169ng xin m\u01b0\u1ee3n d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> x\u01b0a l\u00e0 Kinh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed9<\/span> (Sautrantrika) quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1<\/span> ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai<\/span> ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> Trung Qu\u00e1n<\/span> C\u1ee5 Duy\u00ean T\u00f4ng<\/span> (Madhyamika-prasangika \/ m\u1ed9t chi ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Trung Quan T\u00f4ng) th\u1eddi gian<\/span> ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> s\u1ef1 “x\u1ea3y ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c” (continuity) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1<\/span> hay m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o xem th\u1eddi gian<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7<\/span> (entit\u00e9 autonome \/ autonomous entity) \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> th\u1eddi gian<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> (continuum) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VI v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c<\/span> k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp<\/span> nhau xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/span> h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> n\u00e0y, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIII m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o Nguy\u00ean<\/span> (D\u00f4gen, 1200-1253). \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c<\/span> nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem \u00f4ng ngang h\u00e0ng<\/span> v\u1edbi Long Th\u1ee5<\/span> (Nagarjuna) \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 II v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IV. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ba c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>. T\u1eadp Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p Nh\u00e3n T\u1ea1ng<\/span> (S\u00f4boghenz\u00f4) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u1eadp lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc<\/span>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> t\u1eadp lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch<\/span> ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian<\/span>. Theo \u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i<\/span>, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Th\u1eddi gian<\/span> c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> ”kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh” hay “quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh” (a determination) n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 <\/b>g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc”<\/i> (an instant), c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9\/hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i\/t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 “gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat” x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc l\u00e0 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc d\u00f9 ng\u1eafn c\u00e1ch m\u1ea5y \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> v\u1edbi n\u00f3, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> trong th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. C\u0169ng xin ghi ch\u00fa th\u00eam l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian<\/span> mang nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh V\u1eadt L\u00fd L\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1eed<\/span> ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c<\/span>. Tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> th\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n sinh<\/span> (existentialism) v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> nh\u01b0: M. Heidegger (1889-1976), J.P. Sartre (1905-1980), M. Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961), v.v… <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc x\u1ea3y ra “t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y”<\/i> ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, bao h\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb l\u00fac kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc x\u1ea3y ra “t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y”<\/i> c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Do \u0111o \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i “t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y”<\/i> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> h\u01a1n l\u00e0 trong t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span> hay bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i<\/span> x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc<\/span> c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh<\/span> to\u00e1n hay c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc<\/span> g\u00ec c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3<\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft theo h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> Thi\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc<\/span>. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1edbi x\u1ea3y ra \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> s\u1ebd m\u00e3i m\u00e3i<\/span> l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 “t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y”<\/i>. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>. V\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u1eadt h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 duy<\/span> mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span>. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ch\u00fang khi\u1ebfn cho ta c\u1ee9 m\u00e3i m\u00ea h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc<\/span> qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t th\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span> ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai! T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> Thi\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc<\/span> ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> “t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y”<\/i> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft “\u0111ang” vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u0169ng “\u0111ang” \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span>. V\u1eady ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft “t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y”<\/i>? Ngo\u00e0i ph\u00e9p “t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n” (zazen) c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n” ra th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n. T\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n<\/span> theo Thi\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc<\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m<\/span> th\u1ea7n c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span>, s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea1y theo<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eaft c\u00e1c t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp<\/span> hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean<\/span> trong \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i<\/span> m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i “t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y”<\/i>. C\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian<\/span> v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span> trong t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o. Kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span>, tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> gh\u00e9p th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o n\u1eefa. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0D\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n<\/span> (zazen) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng “ph\u1eb3ng l\u1eb7ng” n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m lu\u00f4n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span> \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>: c\u00f3 l\u00fac ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, c\u00f3 l\u00fac tham d\u1ee5c<\/span> d\u1ea5y l\u00ean, c\u00f3 l\u00fac s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00ecnh, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean<\/span> s\u1ef1 thanh tho\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ng<\/span>. T\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111ang chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> b\u00ean trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n<\/span> m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay v\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Qu\u00e1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1eebng h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang h\u1ea7u mang l\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng an b\u00ecnh<\/span> h\u01a1n. C\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1edbi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta<\/span> t\u1ea1o ra cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u1edbi, t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00e1t v\u00e0 thanh tho\u00e1t<\/span>, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u00fac c\u1ea3m b\u1ea5n lo\u1ea1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u01a1i ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span>. Th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> m\u1ed7i khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> quay v\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1edbi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0N\u1ebfu th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span> h\u01a1n th\u00ec ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00e0ng v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng<\/span> h\u01a1n. Xao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> hay an b\u00ecnh<\/span> th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hai th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span>, c\u00f5i lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> hay ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hai th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m m\u00e0n \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfu phim: m\u1ed9t b\u00ean hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> linh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t<\/span> s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t th\u00ec h\u1ecd kinh s\u1ee3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t th\u00ec \u01b0\u1edbc mong<\/span> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f5i ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. S\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc mong<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span>, v\u00e0 ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span> hay \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng<\/span> (aspiration) \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t<\/span> (desire) th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t<\/span> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> s\u00e2u xa<\/span> nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng<\/span> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi n\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nh\u01b0 \u0111i t\u00ecm ng\u00f4i sao B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea9u<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> kh\u00f4ng mang m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 – c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> – th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 ta s\u1ebd bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf<\/span> ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf<\/span> ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1edf ra cho ta c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> th\u1eadt h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> th\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng s\u1ebd bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span> cho t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m trong \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00f4i \u0111i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tan bi\u1ebfn \u0111i nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng gi\u00fap cho s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span> th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7! Bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y s\u00e2u xa<\/span> gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> kh\u00f4ng mang m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ea3: “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” v\u00e0 c\u00e1i “c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i” – t\u1ee9c “c\u00e1i ng\u00e3” – l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y. Bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/span> g\u1eafng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u1eafn r\u0103ng nh\u1ecbn nh\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span> th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e0ng g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5 \u0111au cho m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb tr\u00ed<\/span> tu\u1ec7. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ra trong khi t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n<\/span> (zazen) m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec<\/span> n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xao l\u00e3ng<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat n\u00e0o trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu thi\u1ec1n<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ngay l\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb thanh tho\u00e1t<\/span>, t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0n nh\u00e3, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra b\u00ean trong h\u1ecd t\u00e0ng \u1ea9n m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span>. Nh\u1edd kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> n\u00ean phong th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1eadt thanh th\u1ea3n<\/span>. N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> trong t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra “t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y”<\/i> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> khi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng g\u00e2y ra cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat tai h\u1ea1i<\/span> hay b\u1ea5n lo\u1ea1n n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc<\/span> kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn “qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi m\u00f4” v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 “qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 m\u00f4” c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> quay v\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean sinh v\u00e0 tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap n\u00f3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span>. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu suy x\u00e9t<\/span> th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang cho n\u00f3, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n sang cho \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> x\u1ea3y ra sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang c\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 “\u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9” m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> trong ph\u00e9p tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong su\u1ed1t<\/span> n\u00eau l\u00ean b\u1edfi ph\u00e9p thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> du-gi\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span> n\u00e0y xin m\u1ea1n ph\u00e9p k\u1ec3 ra \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/span> l\u00e0 Suzuki Shosan. Sinh n\u0103m 1579 trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> v\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> (samurai), \u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> cho v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tham d\u1ef1<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn th\u1eadt kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1620 khi v\u1eeba b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i 41, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 gi\u00e0 d\u1eb7n, th\u00ec \u00f4ng ch\u00e1n ng\u00e1n<\/span> vi\u1ec7c binh b\u1ecb v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> tu thi\u1ec1n<\/span>. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t gh\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i<\/span> n\u01a1i ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng phi\u00eau b\u1ea1t<\/span>, ngao du<\/span> h\u1ebft ch\u00f9a n\u00e0y sang ch\u00f9a kh\u00e1c. \u00d4ng thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, thu nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng<\/span>: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn binh th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn binh, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n<\/span> th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n…, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf. Ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn binh th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 “ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 g\u00ec”. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n<\/span> n\u0103m 1655, \u00f4ng ng\u00e3 b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng<\/span>. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i<\/span> r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng quan h\u1ec7 g\u00ec, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft t\u1eeb h\u01a1n ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m r\u1ed3i – t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb khi \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>. Khi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean nguy k\u1ecbch, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> th\u00e2n t\u00edn<\/span> quay qu\u1ea7n chung quanh gi\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4ng n\u1eb1m. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea5t l\u1eddi xin \u00f4ng ban cho<\/span> h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t “l\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng”, t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi<\/span> Shosan tr\u1ee3n m\u1eaft<\/span> nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u00e9t l\u00ean: “Mi n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y? Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec mi v\u1eeba th\u1ed1t ra cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng mi ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ta t\u1eeb ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m nay. H\u00e3y m\u1edf m\u1eaft<\/span> ra m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span>, ta \u0111ang ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf th\u00f4i”. Soshan m\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 6, n\u0103m 1665, th\u1ecd 76 tu\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi k\u1ebft<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u0103n d\u1eb7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 sau: <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef3-kheo, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng gia c\u01b0<\/span> thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng: M\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> (Tathagata) c\u00f3 c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng? […], th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> v\u1edbi h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: ‘N\u00e0y c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1c<\/span> Ng\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> h\u1ec1 n\u00eau l\u00ean […] b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 an vui, kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> s\u1ef1 th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 an b\u00ecnh<\/span>, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9<\/span>, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n […]. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1c<\/span> Ng\u1ed9 n\u00eau l\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 B\u1ed1n S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt<\/span> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> \u1ea5y’ “.<\/i><\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0(Digha Nikaya, III, 135, d\u1ecbch theo b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Liliane Silburn trong quy\u1ec3n Aux Sources du Bouddhisme<\/i>, Fayard, 1977, trang 70).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1eb7n<\/span> d\u00f2 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/span>: th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>, th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ”thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c”, hay \u00edt ra c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng “c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft” \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 ph\u00eda sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> do \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00eau l\u00ean lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span>, minh b\u1ea1ch<\/span>, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch<\/span> gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5<\/span> m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong ki\u1ebfp nh\u00e2n sinh<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u1eadt th\u00e2m s\u00e2u<\/span> nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n minh b\u1ea1ch<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> gi\u00fap cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> l\u00e0 B\u1ed1n S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt<\/span> Cao Qu\u00fd, v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p tu t\u1eadp<\/span> l\u00e0 “Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng G\u1ed3m T\u00e1m \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0110\u00fang \u0110\u1eafn”. Su\u1ed1t trong b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 khai tri\u1ec3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> \u1ea5y. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m si\u00eau h\u00ecnh th\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ”c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” v\u00e0 “c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i” (v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>), s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> (l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>), b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> (ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span>), s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>, v.v. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1eadt thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> do Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ebf t\u1eafc m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0<\/span> sau n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> th\u00eam nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span> th\u00edch h\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> m\u1edbi c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch \u1ee9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/span> c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> sau n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 da d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. S\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> gi\u00fap cho \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ecb kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n v\u00e0 b\u1ebf t\u1eafc. Tuy r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba<\/span> vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> m\u00ecnh xa l\u1ea1<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c l\u00f5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n tuy mang \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/span> gi\u1ed1ng nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> tuy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng xem s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh<\/span>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy “theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o” th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft tu t\u1eadp<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec, th\u00ec gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft n\u1eb1m chung trong s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span> nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> chung c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>. Thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129<\/span> c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> linh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ebf t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o cho m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn thanh th\u1ea3n<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3<\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc “\u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh” c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129<\/span> quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c qua hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 V\u01b0\u01a1ng Duy<\/span> (701-761):<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0“\u0110i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng n\u01a1i con su\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1n,<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1edd nh\u1eefng \u00e1ng m\u00e2y<\/span> bay l\u00ean.”<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

(tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Fran\u00e7ois Cheng trong quy\u1ec3n: Entre Source et Nuage<\/i>, 1990, Spiritualt\u00e9s Vivantes, Albin Michel. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng Duy<\/span> n\u00ean t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y do Fran\u00e7ois Cheng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p)<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft tu t\u1eadp<\/span> s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa h\u01a1n<\/span> c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc “\u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh”, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng xem c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 “b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c”, m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span> ph\u00e1t huy s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span>, l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thanh th\u1ea3n<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00ecm cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> ngay trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ba t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada, Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0N\u1ebfu h\u00ecnh dung<\/span> c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9ng<\/span> s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft \u00fap m\u1eb7t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra m\u00f4t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> kh\u00e1c \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t<\/span>, tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> v\u00e0 an vui, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n<\/span> h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y hoa th\u01a1m<\/span> c\u1ecf l\u1ea1, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u<\/span> ng\u1ecdc ng\u00e0. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u00ean n\u00e0y b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> v\u00e0 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n x\u00e1c d\u01b0 th\u1eeba<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i, hay ch\u1ebft theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp du-gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span> v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong su\u1ed1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, hay l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadt gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> Suzuki Shosan “t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y”<\/i> th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> theo T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00ec T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c<\/span> c\u0169ng \u1edf b\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> sau khi th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> A-di-\u0111\u00e0. Vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng” hay “ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y” c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m<\/span> g\u1ed3m hai m\u1eb7t<\/span>: m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00f2ng T\u1eeb<\/span> Bi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eb1m mang l\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7<\/span> h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i<\/span> l\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u1edf b\u00ean kia b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>, lo \u00e2u<\/span> ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hy v\u1ecdng<\/span> h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n<\/span>. D\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng<\/span> hay s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> th\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecda<\/span> m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Tu t\u1eadp<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u00f4 s\u1eadp b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng<\/span>. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u1eadt l\u1ea1, n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> c\u0169ng \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean n\u00e0y b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111ang n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c<\/span>, t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi v\u00f4 minh<\/span> nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 sinh ra t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (karma<\/i>) \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span>. D\u00f9 suy ngh\u0129<\/span> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec hay th\u1ed1t ra b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00e0o, th\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u01b0 duy<\/span>, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span> \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong t\u1eebng “\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb” c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i “\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb” hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> v\u00e0 mang theo<\/span> nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra m\u1ed9t “\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb” m\u1edbi. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i “\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb” c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc” bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong “kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc” \u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u0111i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u1ea5y. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y tuy ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn mang m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sinh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t “kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc” kh\u00e1c. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn th\u1eadt g\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh qua t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u1eebng “kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc” th\u1eadt ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy<\/span>. M\u1ed7i t\u01b0 duy<\/span> sinh ra, s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tan bi\u1ebfn \u0111i sau \u0111\u00f3. Khi ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i<\/span> d\u00f2ng t\u01b0 duy<\/span> th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>. M\u1ed7i t\u01b0 duy<\/span> khi hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n<\/span> s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o ra v\u1edbi n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” hay m\u1ed9t “c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i” (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “c\u00e1i ng\u00e3”). Th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o m\u1edbi ch\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o<\/span> d\u1ef1ng \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” hay c\u00e1i “c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i” trong t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.\u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb<\/span> nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u00ec m\u1ed7i khi m\u1ed9t “kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc” hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> th\u00ec “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” c\u0169ng theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> v\u1edbi n\u00f3, khi kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u1ea5y ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> hay “ch\u1ebft \u0111i” th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” do n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng ra c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft theo v\u1edbi n\u00f3. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ed1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u1eebng “kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc” m\u1ed9t. \u0110\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi m\u00f4 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1ec9 quan<\/span> t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> x\u1ea3y ra theo qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 m\u00f4 xuy\u00ean qua<\/span> “m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i t\u00f4i”, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> linh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n phim tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean m\u00e0n \u1ea3nh. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi m\u00f4 lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean<\/span> hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c thay nhau xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ph\u00eda sau \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y chi\u1ebfu phim. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00f4i \u1ea5y d\u00f9 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u1ed9t “t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3” thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 m\u00f4 hay d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> nh\u1eefng “\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb” thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng mang m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft n\u1eefa v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng “bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c” m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> nguy\u00ean sinh sau khi \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ea1o Nguy\u00ean<\/span> c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00ecm v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh,<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0H\u1ea7u gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00ean ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Qu\u00ean ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap cho \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span> m\u00ecnh, <\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span> tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp b\u1edfi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>,
\u00a0ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf<\/span> th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/i><\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0(Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1eeb quy\u1ec3n Le Grand Livre de la Sagesse<\/i>,\u00a0t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> Evelyne Bri\u00e8re, Le cherche Midi \u00c9diteur, 2000, tr. 29)<\/span><\/address>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00ecm v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh<\/i> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> nguy\u00ean sinh v\u00e0 tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh<\/i> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng mang m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Qu\u00ean ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh<\/i> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy<\/span> c\u1ee7a “c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” \u0111ang chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3 cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span> tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp b\u1edfi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span><\/i> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span> m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129<\/span> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mang \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span>. V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng th\u1eed t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> xem c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> khuy\u00ean ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> khi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. Th\u1eadt l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> tuy ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p tu t\u1eadp<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u khuy\u00ean ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft trong nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> trong s\u00e1ng<\/span>, an b\u00ecnh<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u1eadp tr\u00e0n t\u1eeb bi<\/span>. Th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd in \u0111\u1eadm d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> thu\u1ed9c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u1ea5y s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 n\u0103m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch<\/span> gi\u00fap kh\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u1ea5y trong l\u00fac h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i:<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a01<\/b>– ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9<\/span> th\u1eadt s\u00e2u xa<\/span> s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9<\/span><\/b> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng g\u00e2y ra \u0111au bu\u1ed3n cho m\u00ecnh. Tha th\u1ee9<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch mang l\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh ni\u1ec1m an vui. H\u1eadn th\u00f9<\/span>, \u00e1c c\u1ea3m<\/span>, o\u00e1n h\u1eddn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea1y theo<\/span> ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc<\/span> trong v\u00f2ng<\/span> lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>. Tha th\u1ee9<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span> t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi o\u00e1n h\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a02<\/b>– ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9<\/span> s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt<\/span><\/b>. H\u1ed1i h\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span> h\u00f3a t\u00e2m<\/span> th\u1ee9c nh\u1eb1m h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra. Kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p do ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra trong su\u1ed1t<\/span> cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn<\/span> trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh hay c\u1ed1 \u00fd<\/span>. H\u1ed1i h\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9<\/span> cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span> h\u00f3a d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a03<\/b>– ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9<\/span> l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span><\/b> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> thi\u1ebfu may m\u1eafn<\/span> h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec n\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft trong lo \u00e2u<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>. V\u1eady h\u00e3y m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> con tim c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecda<\/span> c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u mong cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft th\u1eadt thanh th\u1ea3n<\/span> v\u00e0 an b\u00ecnh<\/span> nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong l\u00fac n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng x\u00f3t th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span> in \u0111\u1eadm tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> nh\u1ea5t trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a04<\/b>– ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9<\/span> l\u00f2ng y\u00eau qu\u00fd v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/b>. H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 noi theo. Ng\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 V\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> su\u1ed1t b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> ng\u00e0y ki\u1ec7t l\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa hai g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y sa-la trong m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng. Sau khi d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 trong s\u00e1ng<\/span>, \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m trong ki\u1ebfp nh\u00e2n sinh<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc V\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> n\u00ean ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng v\u1eeba qua m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> l\u00e0m, cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> tan bi\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc<\/span> hay y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i hay \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i quay nh\u00ecn tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a05<\/b>– ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9<\/span> \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/b>. H\u00e3y h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span>, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9<\/span>. Trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i g\u00ec c\u1ea3: c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 du v\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau<\/span> chung quanh c\u0169ng m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t \u0111i v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t h\u00fat trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> \u0111ang t\u1ecfa r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1<\/span> d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> d\u00f9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean<\/span> tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c<\/span> ch\u1eadp ch\u1eddn trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam h\u00f4m qua. “C\u00e1i t\u00f4i” s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1eadt nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a<\/span>, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1edd d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tan bi\u1ebfn \u0111i trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Sau h\u1ebft c\u0169ng xin m\u1ea1n ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e2u ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft: <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0“B\u00ean trong th\u00e2n x\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3i tay mang \u0111\u1ea7y gi\u00e1c c\u1ea3m n\u00e0y, Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> xem \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c<\/i><\/b> g\u00ec nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi”<\/i><\/b> <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0(Kinh T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A H\u00e0m<\/span>, Anguttara Nikaya<\/i>, \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n Colombo, 1929, tr. 218).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Walpola Rahula trong m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 “L’Enseignement du Bouddha d’apr\u00e8s les textes les plus anciens”<\/i> (Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1c kinh s\u00e1ch x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t<\/i>, Ed. du Seuil, 1978, tr. 66-67) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u00e2u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 theo \u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 B\u1ed1n S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt<\/span> Cao Qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong n\u0103m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p (ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span>) t\u1ea1o ra th\u00e2n x\u00e1c ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. N\u1ebfu thay c\u00e1c ch\u1eef th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/i> (loka<\/i>) b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef kh\u1ed5 \u0111au<\/i> (dukkha<\/i>) th\u00ec s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u n\u00e0y. Th\u1eadt th\u1ebf th\u00e2n<\/span> x\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> sinh ra kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 [may m\u1eafn<\/span> thay] c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay ch\u1eef loka<\/i> b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef samsara<\/i> v\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau: <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0“B\u00ean trong th\u00e2n x\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3i tay mang \u0111\u1ea7y gi\u00e1c c\u1ea3m n\u00e0y, Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> xem \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>, s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u1ea5y”<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Th\u00e2n x\u00e1c g\u1ed3m n\u0103m th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a to\u00e0n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111ang xoay v\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u00e2n x\u00e1c l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u1ea5y. V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta<\/span> h\u00e3y h\u00e2n hoan<\/span> tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i th\u00e2n x\u00e1c n\u00e0y cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Bures-Sur-Yvette, 05.04.13<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Hoang Phong<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

[ad_2]
\n
Ngu\u1ed3n : Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[ad_1] \u00dd NGH\u0128A C\u00c1I CH\u1ebeT THEO QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O\u00a0 Hoang Phong “B\u00ean trong th\u00e2n x\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3i tay mang \u0111\u1ea7y gi\u00e1c c\u1ea3m n\u00e0y, Nh\u01b0 Lai\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7110,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[104],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-7109","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-giai-dap-nghi-hoac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7109","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7109"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7109\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7109"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7109"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7109"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=7109"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}