{"id":7170,"date":"2020-12-02T05:58:09","date_gmt":"2020-12-01T22:58:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/02\/vi-dieu-phap-toat-yeu\/"},"modified":"2020-12-02T05:58:09","modified_gmt":"2020-12-01T22:58:09","slug":"vi-dieu-phap-toat-yeu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/02\/vi-dieu-phap-toat-yeu\/","title":{"rendered":"Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n<\/p>\n

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C\u00e2u K\u1ec7 Nh\u1eadp \u00d0\u1ec1
Kh\u00e1i L\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n V\u1eafng L\u1eb7ng<\/span>
Nh\u1eefng Giai \u00d0o\u1ea1n Luy\u1ec7n T\u00e2m
Nh\u1eefng \u1ea4n Ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> C\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Tr\u00ecnh<\/span> Luy\u1ec7n T\u00e2m
Thi\u1ec1n S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi<\/span>
Thi\u1ec1n V\u00f4 S\u1eafc<\/span>
Si\u00eau Tr\u00ed<\/span>
Nh\u1eefng B\u1ea9m T\u00e1nh
Nh\u1eefng Ph\u00e1p Thanh T\u1ecbnh<\/span> Kh\u00e1c Nhau
S\u1ef1 Ch\u1ee9ng Ng\u1ed9<\/span>
Gi\u1ea3i Tho\u00e1t<\/span>
Nh\u1eefng B\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh Nh\u00e2n<\/span>
Thanh T\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u00d0\u1ea1o
Nh\u1eefng S\u1ef1 Ch\u1ee9ng \u00d0\u1eafc<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u01af\u1edbc Nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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-ooOoo-<\/span><\/p>\n

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L\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u01b0 danh t\u1eeb h\u00e0m x\u00fac \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>, Abhidhamma, Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span>, l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Hu\u1ea5n<\/span> Cao Si\u00eau, vi di\u1ec7u<\/span>, th\u00f9 th\u1eafng<\/span>, c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. S\u00e1ch n\u1ea7y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n tinh hoa<\/span> c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ban truy\u1ec1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> n\u1eb1m trong t\u1ea1ng Kinh<\/span> (Sutta Pitaka) l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh (voh\u0101ra desan\u0101). Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> (Abhidhamma) l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t (paramattha desan\u0101) r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i thay hay bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch<\/span> th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> (Abhidhamma) c\u1ea3 danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc, hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o<\/span> gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch<\/span> r\u1ea5t t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9. Nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn<\/span> ch\u00e1nh y\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh sanh v\u00e0 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u trong Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ecdi s\u00e1ng<\/span>. Con \u00d0\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 v\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span> r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd.<\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span> c\u1ee7a Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> t\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span> nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>, xem nh\u01b0<\/span> m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> t\u00e2m, hay t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi r\u00f5 t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3n. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 chi ti\u1ebft<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t sanh qua n\u0103m c\u1eeda gi\u00e1c quan<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1eeda t\u00e2m (\u00fd c\u0103n<\/span>) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1i y\u1ebfu t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span> ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eb7p t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Bhava\u1e45ga (H\u1ed9 Ki\u1ebfp) v\u00e0 Javana (T\u1ed1c H\u00e0nh<\/span>) m\u00e0 trong t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> trong Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span> v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> khoa t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ea7y.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t<\/span> Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> r\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch<\/span> r\u1eb1ng lu\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> m\u00e0 v\u00e0i t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> gia hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 William James c\u0169ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3. Ta ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00fd V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3<\/span> (Anatt\u0101), gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> n\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>: tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> ch\u1ebft, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec di chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp n\u1ea7y sang ki\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> Nghi\u1ec7p B\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 T\u00e1i Sanh<\/span> m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng qu\u00fd b\u00e1u<\/span> nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m linh<\/span> (n\u0101ma, danh) Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> — ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> (r\u016bpa, s\u1eafc). Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>, nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>, s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan<\/span> gi\u1eefa c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e2m, s\u1eafc v\u00e0 danh, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong t\u1eadp “Abhidhammattha Sa\u1e45gaha”<\/i>, Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu<\/span>, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1eafn t\u1eaft<\/span> \u00d0\u1ecbnh Lu\u1eadt T\u00f9y Thu\u1ed9c<\/span> Ph\u00e1t Sanh (c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean<\/span>, hay Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi<\/span>), v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> sau l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u00e1p T\u01b0\u01a1ng Quan Duy\u00ean H\u1ec7 (nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3), kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi s\u00e2u v\u00e0o Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2u th\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>. Ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> h\u1ed5n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>, nh\u1eb1m th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p<\/span>. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy. V\u00e0, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> n\u1ea7y, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai<\/span> nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span> m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span>, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 B\u00e0 Rhys Davids n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang,<\/span><\/p>\n

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“Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn:
1. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> (a) b\u00ean trong ta, (b) quanh ta, v\u00e0
2. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta khao kh\u00e1t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>.”<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> s\u1ef1 Gi\u1ea3i Tho\u00e1t<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng<\/span> g\u00e1c qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u1eadp “Abhidhammattha Sa\u1e45gaha”, m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Anuruddha Thera, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u1edf Kanjevaram (Ka\u00f1cipura), l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n to\u00e1t y\u1ebfu<\/span> t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ea1ng Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> (Abhidhamma Pi\u1e6daka, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn<\/span>). \u00d0\u1ebfn nay s\u00e1ch n\u1ea7y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n<\/span> Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> th\u00edch \u1ee9ng<\/span> nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng<\/span> th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i<\/span> nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00d0\u1ec3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn<\/span> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3y b\u1ed9, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span> \u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span> t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc tho\u00e1ng qua.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi minh m\u1eabn<\/span> s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span> th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>, Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch tr\u00ed<\/span> th\u1ee9c. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> gia ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u0103ng say nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span> nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4 khan nh\u01b0 c\u00e1t, nh\u01b0 b\u1ee5i.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/span><\/p>\n

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“Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span>, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng? Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p<\/span> kh\u00f4ng?”<\/span><\/p>\n

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Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span>, v\u00ec ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span>. Ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng<\/span> th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span> cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1ec1 Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u00f4i khi ta th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>. Abhidhamma, Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span>, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 khai tri\u1ec3n Tu\u1ec7 Minh<\/span> S\u00e1t (Vipassan\u0101).<\/span><\/p>\n

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Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft<\/span> r\u1eb1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> Gi\u1ea3i Tho\u00e1t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> (sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhika, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t<\/span> ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh). T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u00d0\u1ebf, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ban truy\u1ec1n, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> n\u01a1i t\u1ea5m th\u00e2n nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u1ea7y. Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ta, kh\u00f4ng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i ta. H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn tr\u1edf v\u00e0o trong. H\u00e3y t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm l\u1ea5y ta. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 b\u00e0y tr\u1ea7n, tr\u1ea3i ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft<\/span> ta.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span> thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 Pa\u1e6d\u0101c\u0101r\u0101, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> s\u1ea7u l\u1ee5y v\u00ec m\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau<\/span> nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span> trong khi r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi su\u1ed1i, nh\u1edd qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng gieo \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i tan bi\u1ebfn theo d\u00f2ng?<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span> C\u016blapanthaka, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u kinh trong th\u1eddi gian<\/span> b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> \u00d0\u1ea1o Qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n<\/span> nh\u1edd th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u0103n tay s\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean ngay m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn?<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span> Upatissa, v\u1ec1 sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> \u00d0\u1ee9c S\u0101riputta, X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span> khi ch\u1ec9 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3?<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 v\u00e0ng r\u01a1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> \u00d0\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span> suy g\u1eabm<\/span> s\u00e2u xa<\/span>, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn<\/span> nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng tho\u00e1ng qua c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Theo m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span>, Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> (Abhidhamma) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau, do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> uy\u00ean b\u00e1c<\/span> so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 trau chu\u1ed1t<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>, ch\u00ednh \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea7n n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span> ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng tri \u00e2n<\/span> t\u1eeb m\u1eabu<\/span> — l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi — \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span> gi\u1ea3ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp<\/span> su\u1ed1t ba th\u00e1ng cho v\u1ecb Tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span> kh\u00e1c. \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> d\u1ea1y Ng\u00e0i S\u0101riputta nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> ch\u00e1nh y\u1ebfu (m\u0101tik\u0101) c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> cao si\u00eau c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/span> (kusal\u0101 dhamma), b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> ph\u00e1p (akusal\u0101 dhamm\u0101) v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p<\/span> (aby\u0101kata) v.v… r\u1ed3i Ng\u00e0i S\u0101riputta gi\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng ra, gom l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh s\u00e1u b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn<\/span> (ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb b\u1ed9 Kath\u0101vatthu, Thuy\u1ebft S\u1ef1, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

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R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb th\u00edch nghi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span> “Abhidhamma”. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y xin t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 “Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p”.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u danh t\u1eeb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span> sang m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef<\/span> kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u1ecfi l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>. V\u00e0i danh t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m, \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span>, t\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span>, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c<\/span>, tri gi\u00e1c<\/span> v.v… \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y xin qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1ea5y theo ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> (Abhidhamma). \u00d0\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m<\/span> t\u1eeb ng\u1eef<\/span> theo l\u1ed1i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> quen thu\u1ed9c<\/span> t\u1eeb x\u01b0a, c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb P\u0101li \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng quen thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u1edbi P\u0101li \u0111\u00f4i khi th\u1ea5y phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c<\/span>. Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb P\u0101li \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft t\u1ef1<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> theo ng\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span> r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00d0\u00f4i khi danh t\u1eeb P\u0101li \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn d\u00f9ng lu\u00f4n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc quen thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef \u1ea5y. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c l\u1eadu, t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh<\/span>, t\u00e2m qu\u1ea3 v.v… nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span>, \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb n\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t<\/span> r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

Trong khi so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u1ea7y, hai quy\u1ec3n “Buddhist Psychology”<\/i> c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 Rhys Davids v\u00e0 “Compendium of Philosophy” <\/i>c\u1ee7a \u00d4ng Shwe Zan Aung qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> h\u1eefu \u00edch. M\u1ed7i khi c\u1ea7n, nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n trong hai quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng nguy\u00ean v\u0103n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u1eddi ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh<\/span> tri \u00e2n<\/span> h\u1ed9i Buddhist Publication Society \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh<\/span> b\u1ea3n duy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec n\u1ea7y.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

N\u0101rada
14-07-1978\/ 2522<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/i><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n

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