{"id":7201,"date":"2020-12-02T06:04:45","date_gmt":"2020-12-01T23:04:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/02\/nhung-gia-tri-pho-quat-cua-bo-tat-hanh-2\/"},"modified":"2020-12-02T06:04:45","modified_gmt":"2020-12-01T23:04:45","slug":"nhung-gia-tri-pho-quat-cua-bo-tat-hanh-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/02\/nhung-gia-tri-pho-quat-cua-bo-tat-hanh-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1 Tr\u1ecb Ph\u1ed5 Qu\u00e1t C\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t H\u1ea1nh"},"content":{"rendered":"

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NH\u1eeeNG GI\u00c1 TR\u1eca<\/span> PH\u1ed4 QU\u00c1T C\u1ee6A B\u1ed2 T\u00c1T H\u1ea0NH<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Th\u00edch Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

I. L\u00dd T\u01af\u1edeNG<\/span> V\u00c0 HI\u1ec6N TH\u1ef0C<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

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Khi nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> ra quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecdc tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span>, r\u1ed3i t\u01b0 duy<\/span> tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n<\/span> qua c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7<\/span> tri\u1ebft gia<\/span>, nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb n\u00e9m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> g\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eddi gian<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, hay kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u1ea5y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, trong \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 nguy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy<\/span>, m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span> c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i. Kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng sau s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 hai, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf con s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n, n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a con s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span>, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy<\/span>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean<\/span> b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/span>. C\u00f3 khi \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u00dd ni\u1ec7m<\/span>. C\u00f3 khi \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 H\u1eefu th\u1ec3<\/span>, hay Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, m\u1ed9t phi l\u00fd<\/span> k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0m s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> t\u01b0 duy<\/span>, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7y d\u1ef1ng qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. \u00d4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u00ednh<\/span> b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/span> \u1ea5y k\u00e9o theo n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span>, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t \u00e1c-xoa[1] lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u00ednh ch\u00f9m nhau. \u00dd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> tam gi\u00e1c<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u00ednh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111o\u1ea1n, g\u00f3c. M\u1ed7i \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span>. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi n\u00e0o \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00e1i \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span> \u1ea5y b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o<\/span> tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> c\u00f2n chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> trong t\u00ednh th\u1ec3 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span>, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p con, v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng khi tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> nh\u00ecn n\u00f3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> \u1ea5y t\u1ee9c th\u00ec tan r\u00e3, s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. Song, ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 cho nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, sau khi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>, tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span> v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u1ea3, c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span>, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span>. Cho n\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch<\/span>, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>. Th\u0103ng hoa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch<\/span> th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, n\u00f3 n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1m l\u1eeda quay li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eeda. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb1ng sau hay b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>; c\u00e1i \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng<\/span> ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> tha th\u1ec3. S\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/span>. V\u1eady, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3, hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3. C\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> th\u00e2m thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng<\/span>. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i t\u00ecm tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> th\u1ec3, \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng hai: kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"duy_ma_cat\"
B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> Duy Ma C\u1eadt<\/span>. Tranh Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/td>\n

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T\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 im l\u1eb7ng<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi: sau s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec, khi m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t, m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i t\u01b0 duy<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eafng b\u1eb7t? T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> minh nhi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7m m\u00ecnh trong d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ec3 cho to\u00e0n th\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> m\u00e1t m\u1ebb<\/span> vi di\u1ec7u<\/span>, khi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d C\u0169ng v\u1eady, sau s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean<\/span> tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb<\/span> \u1ea5y v\u00e0o ngay trong sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Duy-ma-c\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 V\u0103n-th\u00f9, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t. Khi m\u00e0 Duy-ma-c\u1eadt im l\u1eb7ng<\/span>, V\u0103n-th\u00f9 tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u0103m ngh\u00ecn B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u1eeda ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb<\/span>, li\u1ec1n ngay khi \u1ea5y X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: \u201cS\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd \u0103n, c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0103n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2y?\u201d Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c Thanh v\u0103n<\/span>, m\u00e0 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb v\u1eeba th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb<\/span>.[2]<\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> vi di\u1ec7u<\/span> trong s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a V\u0103n-th\u00f9 m\u00e0 li\u1ec7t \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t v\u00e0o h\u1ea1ng c\u0103n c\u01a1 th\u1ea5p<\/span> k\u00e9m.[3] Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> n\u00ean nh\u00ecn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1ef1 trang b\u1ecb cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. C\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb<\/span>, m\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> tinh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. V\u00ec u\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00e0 hai th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean n\u1eef<\/span> n\u00f3i: \u201cTham d\u1ee5c, th\u00f9 h\u1eadn, v\u00e0 ngu si<\/span>, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>.\u201d T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> thu\u1ea7n l\u00fd<\/span>. V\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u01b0 duy<\/span> thu\u1ea7n l\u00fd<\/span> \u1ea5y ngay trong sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt? C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t k\u00e9o t\u01b0 duy<\/span> thu\u1ea7n l\u00fd<\/span> \u0111ang c\u00f3 c\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0103n. Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> b\u1edfi th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>.\u201d[4] V\u1eady, khi B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o<\/span> d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n<\/span>, tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. B\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh Ph\u1eadt<\/span> qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. B\u1eb1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> t\u1ecbnh Ph\u1eadt<\/span> qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi an b\u00ecnh<\/span>, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 h\u1eb5n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecda<\/span> c\u00e1c sinh lo\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0ng \u1ea9n c\u00e1c t\u1ea1i h\u1ecda hay th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean<\/span> s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> duy tr\u00ec<\/span> s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c quan n\u0103ng; l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c<\/span> cho ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh t\u1ebf, bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f2, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0i th\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00fay th\u00ed<\/span> trong ba lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> ba-la-m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ngo\u00e0i \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ef1c<\/span>, ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m. M\u1eaft c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn s\u1eafc; tai c\u1ea7n nghe ti\u1ebfng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh, c\u0103n s\u1ebd tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a<\/span>.[5] Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd<\/span>, t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd<\/span>, c\u0103n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i<\/span>. N\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span> nghe \u00e2m thanh<\/span> ch\u00e1t ch\u00faa, tai c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ebfc. C\u00e1c c\u0103n t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i<\/span>, khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n t\u00e2m<\/span> tr\u00ed. Cho n\u00ean, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean<\/span> \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i<\/span>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> ti\u1ebfng chim h\u00f3t, ti\u1ebfng gi\u00f3<\/span> th\u1ed5i, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> hoa, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3i theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c, t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> c\u1ee7a x\u00fac th\u1ef1c<\/span>, l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ef9 c\u1ea3m, m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng<\/span> ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u00ean th\u00e1c lo\u1ea1n, m\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> t\u1eadp trung t\u01b0 duy<\/span> thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span> y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> th\u1ee9 ba, \u00fd t\u01b0 th\u1ef1c<\/span>, hay t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c<\/span>. Th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec<\/span> s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng<\/span>. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm thuy\u1ec1n, ch\u01a1i v\u01a1i gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> bao la<\/span>, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb1ng xa \u0111\u1ed1ng b\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n<\/span>, h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 b\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1ng b\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ea5t hy v\u1ecdng<\/span>, h\u1ecd \u0111u\u1ed1i s\u1ee9c, bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 cho ch\u00ecm l\u0129m, v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u0111u\u1ed1i. B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> trong c\u00f5i t\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> ki\u00ean c\u1ed1<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Sau h\u1ebft, th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c<\/span>, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> cho d\u00f2ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y sang \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.[6] B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>. C\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>, l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f2ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c<\/span> \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u1edbi hai lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> ba-la-m\u1eadt v\u1edbi t\u00e0i th\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00fay th\u00ed<\/span>. V\u1edbi hai lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> sau, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p<\/span> th\u00ed. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c, v\u1edbi hai lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, m\u00e0 s\u00f4ng, n\u00fai kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i<\/span>; \u0111\u00e1 s\u1ecfi, gai, th\u00e9p c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t. V\u1edbi hai lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> sau, t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> an b\u00ecnh<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta<\/span> quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed<\/span> trong l\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed<\/span> gi\u1ea3 \u0111ang th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd<\/span> cao si\u00eau, khi \u1ea5y ch\u1ee3t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n \u0103n u\u1ed1ng<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u1ea5t b\u1ecb xem th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. Song, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kinh Kim cang<\/span> B\u00e1t nh\u00e3<\/span> <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft sau khi Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0103n xong nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y. Nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Kim cang<\/span>, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt. Cho n\u00ean, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span> c\u1ee7a X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> v\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Duy-ma-c\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> cho \u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span> c\u1ee7a X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t: \u201cPh\u1eadt d\u1ea1y t\u00e1m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. Nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd h\u00e0nh. H\u00e1 c\u00f2n l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n<\/span> gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n \u0103n v\u00e0 nghe ph\u00e1p<\/span> sao?\u201d T\u00e1m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c<\/span>. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> c\u1ea3 ba gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> mang t\u00ednh h\u1eefu l\u1eadu<\/span> n\u00e0o n\u1eefa. X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Thanh v\u0103n<\/span> b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> h\u1eefu l\u1eadu<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, \u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span> c\u1ee7a X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c<\/span>, lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span>.[7] C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> t\u1eeb A-na-h\u00e0m tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u1eefa, n\u00ean lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u00f3i c\u00e1c Thanh v\u0103n<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span> b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ly<\/span> ch\u00fang v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> kh\u1ed5: \u201cC\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> gi\u00fap \u00edch ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ef1c<\/span>, hai l\u00e0 x\u00fac th\u1ef1c<\/span>, ba l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0 th\u1ef1c<\/span>, b\u1ed1n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c<\/span>. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f3 tham, c\u00f3 h\u1ef7, th\u00ec \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u01b0u bi<\/span>, c\u00f3 tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u<\/span>. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ef7, th\u00ec \u1eaft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01b0u bi<\/span>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u<\/span>.\u201d[8]<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> l\u00e0 X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cc\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> n\u00e0y\u201d s\u1ebd \u0103n c\u00e0i g\u00ec, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c Thanh v\u0103n<\/span>. \u201cC\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> n\u00e0y\u201d l\u00e0 n\u0103m ngh\u00ecn v\u1ecb v\u1eeba m\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> nh\u1eabn v\u00f4 sinh<\/span>, m\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> \u0111ang \u1edf h\u00e0ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, t\u1ee9c v\u1eeba m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>. Trong h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>.[9] Trong h\u00e0ng Thanh v\u0103n<\/span>, h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span>. Ho\u1eb7c do nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c do bi nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>. C\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00ean c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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D\u00f9 b\u1eb1ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c<\/span>, hay b\u1eb1ng bi nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>, d\u00f9 \u1edf h\u00e0ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> hay Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c Thanh v\u0103n<\/span> quy\u1ebft nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> n\u1eefa, th\u00ec th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>, n\u00ean ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, s\u1ef1 g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> c\u00f3 v\u1ebb khi\u00ean c\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 suy ngh\u0129<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0103n c\u1ee7a X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn<\/span> x\u1ea3y ra ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>; th\u1ebf th\u00ec s\u1ef1 khi\u00ean c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1edfi v\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>, n\u00ean khi c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng<\/span> nghi v\u1ea5n<\/span> c\u1ee7a X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t, Duy-ma-c\u1eadt gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span> m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i, hoa vi\u00ean<\/span>, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh<\/span> b\u1edfi h\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1edfi ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> trong qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e2y. H\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9 c\u0103n<\/span> hay kh\u1ee9u gi\u00e1c<\/span>. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c<\/span>.[10]<\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> n\u01a1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00f9i<\/span> th\u01a1m c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 vi di\u1ec7u<\/span>, lan t\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> kh\u00e1c. Khi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1m \u0103n d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> H\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang v\u1ec1 trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt, c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh T\u1ef3-da-ly \u0111\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u01a1m n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 Duy-ma-c\u1eadt, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> trong v\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang ng\u1ef1, m\u00e0 m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u01a1m ph\u1ee9c. Duy-ma-c\u1eadt n\u00f3i cho A-nan bi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> h\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y: v\u1edbi h\u1ea1ng ph\u00e0m phu<\/span>, c\u01a1m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn 7 ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi ti\u00eau h\u1ebft. H\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Thanh v\u0103n<\/span>, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb<\/span> t\u1ee9c ch\u01b0a d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o<\/span> h\u00e0ng Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>, m\u00e0 \u0103n c\u01a1m n\u00e0y, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp<\/span> Thanh qu\u1ea3, r\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> ph\u00e0m phu<\/span>, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u01a1m m\u1edbi ti\u00eau. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> nh\u1eabn v\u00f4 sinh<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0103n c\u01a1m n\u00e0y th\u00ec khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t sinh b\u1ed5 x\u1ee9<\/span> t\u1ee9c c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> n\u1eefa s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u01a1m \u1ea5y m\u1edbi ti\u00eau. Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> h\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span> s\u1ef1.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u00e1c \u00e2m v\u1eadn,[11] ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n \u00e2m<\/span> ho\u1eb7c \u0111a \u00e2m<\/span>, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hay s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/span> trong kho ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m<\/span> hay kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi hay danh. \u1ea2nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng<\/span> ti\u1ec1m th\u1ebf, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u00ec t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span>. C\u00f4ng n\u0103ng<\/span> \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 danh ng\u00f4n<\/span> t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span>, t\u1ee9c\u00a0ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng danh ng\u00f4n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu<\/span>, ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, trong kho ch\u1ee9a kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng<\/span> ti\u1ec1m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> v\u00f4 l\u1eadu<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng sau m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span> nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>; t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 danh ng\u00f4n<\/span>. M\u1ed9t danh ng\u00f4n<\/span> lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a h\u1ebf th\u1ea5y, c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd<\/span> nghe ai n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01b0 t\u1eed<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span>, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn danh s\u01b0<\/span> t\u1eed, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> chi ti\u1ebft<\/span>. S\u1ef1 m\u00f4t\u1ea3 trung th\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, do ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span> c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 t\u1eed<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt di\u00ean t\u1ea3 t\u1ee9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span>; b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> s\u01b0 t\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e1p n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i. \u1ea2nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/span> b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t danh ng\u00f4n<\/span>. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau, nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0n nghe, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 t\u1eed<\/span>, v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 t\u1eed<\/span>, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi danh ng\u00f4n<\/span> t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u01b0 t\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 s\u01b0 t\u1eed<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1eadn m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1[12]<\/b><\/i> n\u00f3i: \u201cPh\u00e1p u\u1ea9n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c M\u00e2u-ni n\u00f3i, t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfn 80 ngh\u00ecn. T\u00f9y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u1eef t\u1ee9c thanh, m\u00e0 li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span>; ho\u1eb7c cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 danh, m\u00e0 li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n<\/span>.\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>, c\u00e1c Thanh v\u0103n<\/span> v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> kh\u00e1c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u00ean t\u1ea3i t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span> ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>. Cho n\u00ean, sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Duy-ma-c\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb c\u00f5i Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>, th\u00ec A-nan t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1edbi A-nan: C\u00f3 c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u1ea5y \u00e1nh \u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1<\/span>. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> kh\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. C\u00f3 c\u00f5i l\u1ea5y y ph\u1ee5c<\/span>, ng\u1ecda c\u1ee5<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1<\/span>. C\u00f3 c\u00f5i l\u1ea5y hoa vi\u00ean<\/span>, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0i l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1<\/span>. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i Ma<\/span>, c\u00f3 t\u00e1m v\u1ea1n b\u1ed1n ngh\u00ecn c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>; Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea5y ngay c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1<\/span>, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> c\u1eeda gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Sau khi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span> lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> vi di\u1ec7u<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng, Duy-ma-c\u1eadt h\u1ecfi trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> v\u1ecb n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1m v\u1ec1 cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f9ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 im l\u1eb7ng<\/span>. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt m\u00e0 qua v\u0103n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 v\u1ebb khinh b\u1ea1c: \u201cNh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span> n\u00e0y h\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng h\u1ed7 th\u1eb9n sao?\u201d[13] V\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> c\u1ee7a V\u0103n th\u00f9<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng: \u201cPh\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, ch\u1edb khinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a h\u1ecdc.\u201d Chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt<\/span> th\u00fa v\u1ecb<\/span> n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 giao<\/span> th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, trong s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 ti\u1ebfp, trao \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1ch<\/span>. B\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0y, Khuy C\u01a1<\/span> n\u00eau l\u00ean b\u1ed1n l\u00fd do<\/span>: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3i ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>; cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1ch \u0111i l\u1ea5y c\u01a1m v\u1ec1 cho ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3i. V\u0103n-th\u00f9 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean<\/span> v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/span> c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt, n\u00ean khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span> im l\u1eb7ng<\/span>.[14] Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ef9 c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n \u0103n u\u1ed1ng<\/span>, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng<\/span> y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/span> c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt. Th\u1ee9 ba, c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> b\u1edfi th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>, n\u00ean tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng<\/span>. Sau h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 Duy-ma-c\u1eadt t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span> du h\u00fd<\/span> tam-mu\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/p>\n

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D\u00f9 sao, hai v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ef9 n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, xem c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span>, ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> hay ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>, v\u00e0 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>, hay ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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II. NH\u1eeeNG GI\u00c1 TR\u1eca<\/span> PH\u1ed4 QU\u00c1T<\/span><\/h3>\n

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Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> n\u00f3i, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt y tr\u00ean hai ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> hay th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>, v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> hay th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> th\u00e2m s\u00e2u<\/span>.[15] Cho n\u00ean, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 giao ti\u1ebfp th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, trao \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ef9 m\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n<\/span> ng\u1eef c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ngh\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3<\/span> b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd d\u1eabn v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u0169ng ngh\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 quen v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1edfi m\u1eaft, tai th\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u1ec7m. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> huy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1 trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ed5, nghe nh\u1eefng g\u00ec con r\u00f9a k\u1ec3 sau chuy\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch d\u00f4ng d\u00e0i<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span>. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> \u1ea5y c\u00f2n kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, khi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy<\/span> kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ta. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ed1 n\u00e2ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00ean t\u1ea7m cao h\u01a1n, ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n<\/span> h\u1ecdc Trung hoa khi nh\u00ecn l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao g\u1ea7n nhau b\u00ean kia b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Ng\u00e2n; \u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/span> ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh<\/span> \u1ea3nh c\u00f4 g\u00e1i d\u1ec7t l\u1ee5a. \u00d4ng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00f2m sao Ch\u1ee9c n\u1eef. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7m, khi nghe m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 Thi\u00ean v\u0103n<\/span> Hy l\u1ea1p, c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn ch\u00f2m sao \u0111\u00f3, g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n Th\u1ea5t huy\u1ec1n. Cho n\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i<\/span> t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng bao dung<\/span> qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> kh\u1ecfi l\u0169y tre l\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> v\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chu du<\/span> b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau; \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 v\u00e0n sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span> nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> qua v\u00f4 v\u00e0n sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span> \u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong kinh Hoa nghi\u00eam<\/span><\/i>,[16] B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> Kim Cang T\u1ea1ng<\/span>, n\u01b0\u01a1ng oai th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, thuy\u1ebft minh<\/span> m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>. Khi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, trong \u0111\u00f3 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 h\u00e0ng Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>, t\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia t\u1ed9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span>, c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span> ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span>. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> kia c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>, m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh<\/span> ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ho\u1eb7c thai sinh<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p sinh<\/span>, v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span> sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>: h\u1ecd\u0103c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 to l\u1edbn, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee9ng nghi\u00eang, ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed9n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, ho\u1eb7c tr\u00f2n, ho\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng, tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span>. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, l\u1edbn hay b\u00e9, th\u1eb3ng hay nghi\u00eang, hay l\u1ed9n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, hay b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn, t\u00e2m t\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao dung<\/span>, n\u1ebfu v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01a1i kia, trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> ch\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng; bi\u1ebft v\u1eady m\u00e0<\/span> v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng cho l\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y; h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Cho n\u00ean, khi Duy-ma-c\u1eadt th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span> du h\u00fd<\/span>, khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span> t\u1eeb n\u01a1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/span> x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i, m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a th\u00e2n<\/span> B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> l\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3; n\u1ebfu khi nh\u00ecn ho\u1ea1t c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean<\/span>, th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f3 tin, kh\u00f3 bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span>, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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R\u1ed3i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> kia, khi h\u00f3a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>; c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kinh ng\u1ea1c<\/span>, th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y: \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0o, l\u1ea1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> sinh v\u1eadt t\u00ed hon, b\u00e9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t vi sinh v\u1eadt so v\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y? Tuy b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span> qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e2n<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Sau khi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi h\u1ecd: H\u00e3y thu l\u1ea1i m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u00e3y thu nh\u1ecf<\/span> th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/span> ch\u1edb sinh t\u00e2m khinh m\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> li\u00ean v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> cho c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 tin t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> kh\u00e1c trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 sinh v\u1eadt th\u00f4ng minh<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u1edf trong tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. V\u1eady, h\u00e3y g\u00e1c qua kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn<\/span> \u1ea5y, m\u00e0 xem \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> t\u1ea7m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1ed1n ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ta.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb h\u1ecdat c\u1ea3nh th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt, l\u00e0 h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 \u0111o\u00e0n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng xa l\u1ea1<\/span>, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eafc d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span> l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u x\u00ed<\/span> h\u01a1n, v\u00ec m\u00e0u da kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eafng tr\u1ebbo, th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng cao l\u1edbn; t\u01b0 duy<\/span> c\u0169ng th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m<\/span> h\u01a1n, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3<\/span> m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng Ch\u00ed t\u00f4n<\/span> nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb<\/span> nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng hung b\u1ea1o n\u1ebfu lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i<\/span> \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd<\/span> hay thu\u1eadn l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span> \u1ea5y, c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra? Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u00e0n s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc<\/span>, do b\u00ean n\u00e0y hay b\u00ean kia. Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> g\u1edbi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb<\/span>, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> t\u00e2m t\u01b0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> trong v\u00f4 v\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> sai bi\u1ec7t? Cho n\u00ean, Ph\u1eadt H\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00edch<\/span> sau khi c\u0103n d\u1eb7n c\u00e1c B\u1ed1 t\u00e1t<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ta b\u00e0<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span>: \u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>.\u201d H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> v\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>; t\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> c\u0169ng v\u1eady, qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>. B\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m t\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111i tr\u00ean Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u00ean kia, b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> th\u1ebf g\u1edbi v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u1eady. B\u00ean n\u00e0y, Duy-ma-c\u1eadt c\u0169ng khuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span>: \u201c\u0110\u1eebng \u0103n c\u01a1m n\u00e0y v\u1edbi \u00fd h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n; v\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 ti\u00eau.\u201d \u00d4ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i th\u00eam: \u201c\u0110\u1eebng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u00ed nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u01b0\u1edbc hu\u1ec7<\/span> v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span>. N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n, ch\u1ee9 c\u01a1m n\u00e0y v\u00f4 t\u1eadn\u2026 T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> c\u00f2n d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span> gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, hu\u1ec7, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u1ec7m, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi<\/span> nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn t\u1ef1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 khai ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m t\u01b0. Cho n\u00ean, ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> sau \u0111\u00f3, Duy-ma-c\u1eadt h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> n\u00e0y thuy\u1ebft minh<\/span>: \u201cNh\u01b0 lai \u1edf qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span> b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m khi\u1ebfn cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp<\/span> lu\u1eadt h\u00e0nh<\/span>. M\u1ed7i B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y h\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng vi di\u1ec7u<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp<\/span> tam-mu\u1ed9i Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ea1ng<\/span>. Ai ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tam-mu\u1ed9i n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> c\u00f3.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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S\u1ef1 nghe ph\u00e1p<\/span>, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span>. So v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> h\u1ecdc, qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> l\u00e0m. Nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft<\/span> minh c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eeb c\u00f5i Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u201cCh\u00fang sinh trong c\u00f5i n\u00e0y cang c\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span>, n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft<\/span> b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u00fac sinh\u2026\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e0 h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e0 h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n\u2026cho \u0111\u1ebfn\u2026\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu<\/span>, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi<\/span>, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u2026\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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Do c\u00e1ch \u0103n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>; do bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n tu<\/span> kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> h\u01a1n k\u00e9m. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cao \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n, hay cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n, v\u00ec nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 m\u00e0 xinh x\u1eafn<\/span> d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, hay to l\u1edbn m\u00e0 th\u00f4 k\u1ec7ch<\/span>; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hay v\u00ec l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span> kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5, d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng, hay nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng m\u00e0 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn. M\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, qua nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau. Cho n\u00ean, nghe xong, c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eeb c\u00f5i Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng<\/span> ca ng\u1ee3i<\/span>: \u201cTh\u1eadt ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n<\/span> Th\u00edch-ca N\u00e2u-ni Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea9n \u0111i v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/span>, h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span>. C\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc, b\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> m\u00e0 sinh n\u01a1i c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y tho\u1ea1t ti\u00ean<\/span> nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u1edf c\u00f5i Ta-b\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i \u201cngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng \u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ea1nh<\/span>.\u201d Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ecf ra<\/span> h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00ec nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/span> n\u00e0y, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span>. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i: \u201cB\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n<\/span>, l\u00fac m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y ch\u00fang con c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> n\u00f3 th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m<\/span>, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn<\/span>, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa. V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt th\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span> n\u00e0y mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi A-nan: \u201cH\u1ebft th\u1ea3y Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc<\/span>, uy quang, v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p, t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o<\/span>, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span>, gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, hu\u1ec7, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> tri ki\u1ebfn\u2026\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>. H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh<\/span> m\u00e0 m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1i. T\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 x\u00f3a h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00f3; khi m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt<\/span> sinh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng; khi c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m. Kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft minh<\/span> cho c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cT\u1eadn B\u1ea5t t\u1eadn.\u201d[17] T\u1eadn, t\u1ee9c ki\u1ec7t t\u1eadn, x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1eadn? C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> suy hao, t\u00e0n ho\u1ea1i, ki\u1ec7t t\u1eadn. Ho\u1eb7c tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ea1n h\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ea1n h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> kia, do s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u1ea5y m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y. Ho\u1eb7c T\u1ef3-kheo kia tu t\u1eadp<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span> \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u00f4 l\u1eadu<\/span>, t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, hu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng th\u1eafng tr\u00ed, t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa<\/span>.[18] N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 vi<\/span>, T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> l\u00e0m c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1t \u00e1i<\/span>, ly d\u1ee5c<\/span>. Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0<\/span> v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi<\/span>.[19] Ngh\u0129a quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Theo ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3, Khi Duy-ma-c\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u0103n-th\u00f9 h\u1ecfi, \u201cB\u1ed3 t\u00e1t n\u00ean nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u201d; \u0111\u00e1p: B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt<\/span> nh\u00ecn v\u1eadt \u1ea3o hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea3o m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra.[20] Thanh v\u0103n<\/span> hay B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf gian<\/span> n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tu\u1ed3ng huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c, n\u00ean B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 d\u1ed1i<\/span>. Kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i t\u00ecm l\u00f5i c\u00e2y, b\u00f3c d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi t\u00ecm t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 l\u00f5i c\u00e2y ch\u1eafc th\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, nh\u00e2n sinh<\/span>. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> Ta-b\u00e0 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tai h\u1ecda<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc. Cho n\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> d\u1ea1y: Bi\u1ebft th\u00e2n<\/span> n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1ng n\u1eafng, nh\u01b0 \u1ea3o<\/span> \u1ea3nh; ai hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a T\u1eed th\u1ea7n<\/span>.[21] Tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecbnh, Duy-ma-c\u1eadt c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span> cho kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m b\u1ecbnh ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n sinh<\/span>: \u201cTh\u00e2n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1ng b\u1ecdt, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ed1c n\u1eafm. Th\u00e2n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 bong b\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span>. Th\u00e2n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1ng n\u1eafng b\u1ed1c t\u1eeb kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>. Th\u00e2n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i, ru\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng l\u00f5i ch\u1eafc. Th\u00e2n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n<\/span>, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi \u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span> \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>…\u201d[22]<\/span><\/p>\n

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D\u00f9 v\u1eady, th\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> b\u1edfi b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span>, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c<\/span>, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> l\u00e0, l\u1ecdai th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> \u1ea5y sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p thu n\u00f3 b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 gh\u00ea t\u1edfm. Cho n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2u n\u1ea1p \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c<\/span>, nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb l\u1eef h\u00e0nh qua hoang m\u1ea1c ph\u1ea3i \u0103n th\u1ecbt<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9a con duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> th\u00e2n y\u00eau<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng. Sau khi \u0103n th\u1ecbt<\/span> con, n\u00f3 v\u1eeba \u0111i v\u1eeba k\u00eau kh\u00f3c: \u201cCon t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2u? Con t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d[23]<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1ecdai th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a th\u00e2n<\/span> Duy-ma-c\u1eadt mang v\u1ec1 cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u00e1ng t\u1edfm nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. M\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> \u1ea5y, tuy c\u0169ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c<\/span>, d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n b\u1edfi k\u1ebb ph\u00e0m phu<\/span>, v\u1eabn l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng vi di\u1ec7u<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u00e0m t\u1edfm. \u0110o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. V\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span>, trong m\u1ed7i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> n\u00e0y, Duy-ma-c\u1eadt khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span> kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0103n c\u01a1m t\u1eeb c\u00f5i Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng \u00fd h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n, b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m \u00fd b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/span> trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ef1c. V\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

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N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> Th\u00edch-ca n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eeb c\u00f5i Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u201cB\u1ed3 t\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec7t t\u1eadn h\u1eefu vi<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng an tr\u00fa<\/span> v\u00f4 vi<\/span>. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec7t t\u1eadn h\u1eefu vi? Kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span>, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ea7u Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed<\/span> kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng<\/span>; gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi\u2026\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, ta \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>, th\u00ec c\u00e1 t\u00ednh d\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng v\u1eady, b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span>, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gian<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian<\/span>; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho n\u00ean B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> cao l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n to\u00e1t ra m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng vi di\u1ec7u<\/span>. Ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> Ta-b\u00e0 n\u00e0y th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh<\/span> b\u00e9 x\u00edu, l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebft ra m\u00f9i h\u00f4i<\/span> h\u00e1m. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> kia hay th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng san b\u1eb1ng<\/span> h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u00e1i v\u00f4 vi<\/span> b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn h\u1eefu vi<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 v\u00f4 vi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng xa x\u00f4i kia, m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng kia, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1edbi Ta-b\u00e0 \u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> T\u1eadn-V\u00f4 t\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> kia v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u01b0 nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh<\/span> v\u1ed1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i, m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span> v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn<\/span> h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> ch\u00ecm ng\u1eadp trong c\u00f5i T\u00e0-b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5<\/span> nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ea1nh<\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn h\u1eefu vi<\/span>, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft<\/span> qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 v\u00f4 vi<\/span>, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, n\u00ean m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t. Kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn h\u1eefu vi<\/span>, n\u00ean B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1eadn th\u00f9<\/span> tranh ch\u1ea5p<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 v\u00f4 vi<\/span>, n\u00ean B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng<\/span> gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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III. NH\u00c2N C\u00c1CH SI\u00caU VI\u1ec6T<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

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B\u00e0i ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cT\u1eadn-V\u00f4 t\u1eadn\u201d l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u01b0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span>, bao dung<\/span>, v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean m\u1ecdi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> qu\u1ed1c gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span>, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span> sinh lo\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00ednh. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa b\u00ean n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u00ean kia, d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1eeb m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp<\/span>: t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 u\u1ebf, ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh\u2026 C\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> t\u01b0 bi\u1ec7n suy l\u00fd<\/span> s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span> t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> phi th\u1ef1c<\/span>. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span> \u1ea5y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea3. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u00f3 \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 im l\u00ecm b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>. C\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111ang l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, c\u1eb7p m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ec1, l\u00e0 Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng<\/span>. T\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng<\/span> \u1ea5y y tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3 danh<\/span>, ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>.\u201d[24]<\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed7i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span>. M\u1ed7i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. Quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng<\/span>. T\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng<\/span> \u1ea5y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> t\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 danh<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hai m\u1eb7t<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span>, hay c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> quan h\u1ec7, th\u00ec t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t m\u00e0 tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> quan h\u1ec7. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span>, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ecdi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> \u1ea5y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n<\/span> n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch minh nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp<\/span> gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> qua t\u1eebng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u<\/span>. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu ta n\u00f3i, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>; th\u00ec Trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span> l\u00e0 Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9 t\u1eebng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> \u1ea5y. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span>, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd Nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. C\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u00f3, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>.[25]<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> cho \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh, sau khi c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> Th\u00edch-ca h\u1ecfi Duy-ma-c\u1eadt: \u201cKhi \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span>, \u00d4ng th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d[26] Duy-ma-c\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>: \u201cKhi con mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span>, khi \u1ea5y con th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span> b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. Con th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span> kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span> t\u1eeb ti\u1ec1n t\u1ebf<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb h\u1eadu t\u1ebf<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>.\u201d[27]<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00d4ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp: \u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> Nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc l\u00e0 phi s\u1eafc<\/span>; t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> Nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ecd l\u00e0 phi th\u1ecd. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>, t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> Nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 phi th\u1ee9c.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a<\/span>, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>. T\u00f9y nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span>, t\u00f9y \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>, b\u1edfi th\u1eddi gian<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ef1c, Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n<\/span> sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. Th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>, Duy-ma-c\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u1ea5y. Cho n\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/span> hay v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh m\u00e0 X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi Duy-ma-c\u1eadt: \u201c\u00d4ng th\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> n\u01a1i n\u00e0y?\u201d Duy-ma-c\u1eadt h\u1ecfi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span>: \u201cPh\u00e1p m\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda<\/span> t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> ng\u1ed9, ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ch\u1ebft \u0111i v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> ch\u0103ng?\u201d[28]<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt: \u201cC\u01b0 s\u1ef9 Duy-ma-c\u1eadt n\u00e0y ch\u1ebft t\u1eeb c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00e0y?\u201d Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> m\u00e0 b\u1ea3o X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u00e1t n\u00ean h\u1ecfi th\u1eb3ng Duy-ma-c\u1eadt. R\u1ed3i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn.<\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u1edfi v\u00ec trong \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a La-th\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span> Trung hoa d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/span> trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p<\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng Thanh v\u0103n<\/span>, th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span>, ch\u1ecbu chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> sinh di\u1ec7t<\/span>. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt b\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 A-nan \u0111i xin s\u1eefa b\u00f2 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Duy-ma-c\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n.[29] C\u0169ng theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft Duy-ma-c\u1eadt ch\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 sinh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 sinh c\u00f3 ch\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t h\u1ecfi th\u1eb3ng \u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Duy-ma-c\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>: \u201cCh\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh. Sinh l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh.\u201d[30] \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>. Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, trong kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt c\u00f2n h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t<\/span> b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gian<\/span>. Cho n\u00ean, trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span>, Duy-ma-c\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf g\u1edbi kia.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> Ba th\u00e2n<\/span> trong gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n<\/span>, th\u00ec nh\u01b0 Duy-ma-c\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> Ph\u1eadt: \u201cTh\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y.\u201d B\u1edfi v\u00ec Nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc l\u00e0 phi s\u1eafc<\/span>. Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghe Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng \u00e2m thanh<\/span>; ai h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p<\/span> th\u00e2n; v\u00ec th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng Ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh<\/span> th\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Trong kinh Kim cang<\/span><\/i>, Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.[31] Th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh<\/span>, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 th\u00e2n t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t<\/span>, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng. Th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>. B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> l\u00e0 con ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, l\u01b0u xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb ph\u00e1p<\/span> t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean Duy-ma-c\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> ng\u00e0i X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sinh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng<\/span> b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> gi\u1eefa h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, m\u00e0 \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i; n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u0103ng; t\u1ecf hay m\u1edd t\u00f9y theo<\/span> n\u01b0\u1edbc trong hay \u0111\u1ee5c, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eb7ng hay n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng. Cung v\u1eady, Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt<\/span> b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f9y theo<\/span> c\u01a1 c\u1ea3m<\/span>, t\u00f9y th\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ed1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n \u1ee8ng h\u00f3a<\/span> t\u00f9y theo<\/span> l\u1ecdai, t\u00f9y theo<\/span> th\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n m\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e0m phu<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe; nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Cho n\u00ean, tuy Duy-ma-c\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>, th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> thay: Duy-ma-c\u1eadt t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7u h\u1ef7; \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7u<\/span> l\u00e0 V\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/span>. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i n\u00e0y.[32] \u0110\u1ec3 minh gi\u1ea3i<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i, t\u1eeb c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00e1c, Duy-ma-c\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1edbi X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t: \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span> lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> c\u1ecdng t\u1ed3n v\u1edbi b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o b\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111i m\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eeb t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn u\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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D\u00f9 l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> hay u\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>, d\u00f9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y hay \u1edf kia, th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Cho n\u00ean, th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span>, nh\u01b0 tr\u0103ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> Di\u1ec7u h\u1ef7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> b\u1ea3n kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt, trong t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh<\/span>, th\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n<\/span> cho ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> th\u1ea5y; n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, lo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng Thanh v\u0103n<\/span>, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>; th\u00ec n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span>, c\u0169ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u1eefng n\u00fai, nh\u1eefng s\u00f4ng, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span>, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng<\/span>, c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao, v.v. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 \u0111i. N\u1ebfu Duy-ma-c\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u00ec \u00d4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y. Khi \u1ea5y, c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf g\u1edbi Di\u1ec7u h\u1ef7 to l\u1edbn, huy ho\u00e0ng tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7<\/span> kia, b\u1ed7ng ch\u1ed1c n\u1eb1m g\u1ecdn trong l\u00f2ng tay c\u1ee7a \u00d4ng, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span> \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span> trong v\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 n\u1eef Am-ba-b\u00e0-l\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn<\/span>. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ai trong c\u00f5i Di\u1ec7u h\u1ef7<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch ngo\u00e0i qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kinh s\u1ee3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, d\u00f9 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> Di\u1ec7u h\u1ef7 l\u00e0 c\u00f5i t\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch, t\u1ea5t b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> b\u1edfi quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> sinh di\u1ec7t<\/span>, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. C\u00e1c Thanh v\u0103n<\/span>, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee3t kinh s\u1ee3, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u00f4 vi<\/span>. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> sinh di\u1ec7t<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Duy-ma-c\u1eadt t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean th\u00edch<\/span> h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u1eefa. V\u00e0 \u1edf trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span> lu\u1eadn, t\u1eeb trong t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o, ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft<\/span> m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh<\/span>, m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng l\u00fd t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u1eady r\u1ed3i, v\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 n\u1eef, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f4n c\u00f4ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecm l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span> kia, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec, trong kho\u1ea3ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span>, th\u1eddi gian<\/span> v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span> n\u00e0y?\u00a0M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> b\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> cho \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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T.S.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[1] \u00c1c-xoa t\u1ee5 \u60e1\u53c9\u805a. Skt, ak\u1e63a\/ rudr\u0101k\u1e63a<\/i>: h\u1ea1t kim cang<\/span>. Th\u00e0nh duy th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn<\/span> thu\u1eadt k\u00fd<\/i> (T43n1830, tr. 304b22): \u00e1c-xoa, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t v\u00f4 th\u1ef1c \u7121\u98df\u5b50, khi r\u1ee5ng th\u00ec gom th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[2] Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span> d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi La-th\u1eadp: \u201cS\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd \u0103n. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ma-ha-t\u00e1t n\u00e0y thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady<\/span>, Thanh v\u0103n<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> s\u1ebd \u0103n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.\u201d La-th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch s\u00e1t v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n: k\u0101la\u1e25 paryant\u012bbh\u016bta\u1e25\/ ime ca mah\u0101sattv\u0101 nittihanti kutraite paribhok\u1e63yante<\/i>, th\u1eddi gian<\/span> s\u1eafp h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ma-h\u00e1-t\u00e1t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady<\/span>. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0103n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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[3] Duy-ma kinh ch\u00fa 8<\/i> (tr. 399c): La-th\u1eadp n\u00f3i, \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span> n\u00e0y v\u00ec ba l\u00fd do<\/span>. M\u1ed9t, th\u1ec3 do nghi\u1ec7p k\u1ebft<\/span> th\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>. Hai, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng<\/span> s\u00e2u. Ba, suy t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng v\u1eady.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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[4] T\u1eadp d\u1ecb<\/i> 8, tr. 400b02. Sa\u1e45g\u012bti, D.iii. 211, 228: sabbe satt\u0101 \u0101h\u0101ra\u1e6d\u1e6dhitik\u0101<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[5] T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa<\/i>, 129,\u00a0T27n1545, tr. 674a1: th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> c\u00e1c c\u0103n, t\u0103ng \u00edch<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[6] T\u1ea1p a-h\u00e0m <\/i>15, kinh 272: Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o<\/span> Ph\u1ea3-c\u1ea7u-na (Pali Phagguna): \u201c\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y Ta n\u00f3i th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>, v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u01a1i n\u00ean h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y<\/span>: \u2018Do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c?\u2019 Ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p: \u2018Th\u1ee9c \u0103n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m<\/span> h\u1eefu trong v\u1ecb lai<\/span> khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> sanh; do c\u00f3 h\u1eefu n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u00e1u nh\u1eadp<\/span> x\u1ee9; do s\u00e1u nh\u1eadp<\/span> x\u1ee9 l\u00e0m duy\u00ean n\u00ean c\u00f3 x\u00fac.\u2019\u201d Pali, S. ii tr.13 Phagguna: vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47\u0101h\u0101ro \u0101yati\u1e43 punabbhav\u0101bhinibbattiy\u0101\u00a0paccayo, tasmi\u1e43 bh\u016bte sati sa\u1e37\u0101yatana\u1e43, sa\u1e37\u0101yatanapaccay\u0101 phasso\u2019 ti<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[7] T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa<\/i>, 130, T27n1545, tr. 676a20: D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 4 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c<\/span>. S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u00f3 ba, trong \u0111\u00f3 x\u00fac th\u1ef1c<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh.\u00a0V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ba m\u00e0 ba b\u1eadc d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u01b0 th\u1ef1c<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh; phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9<\/span>, th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[8] T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m 15, kinh 375; xem th\u00eam c\u00e1c kinh 372-379. Cf. Pal: S. ii. tr. 103 (Atthirr\u0101ga).<\/i>\u00a0D\u1eabn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa<\/i> 130, T27n1545, tr. 677a17.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[9] \u0110\u1ea1i b\u00e1t nh\u00e3<\/span> 449<\/i>, T07n220, tr. 264b23: \u201cB\u1ed3 t\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng Kh\u00f4ng<\/span> m\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp ch\u00ednh t\u00ednh ly sinh<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> (=ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span> kh\u1edfi. Do tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span> kh\u1edfi, n\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc ph\u00e1p<\/span> nh\u1eabn v\u00f4 sinh<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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[10] T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa<\/i> 129, T27n1545, tr. 674b22: th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c<\/span> g\u1ed3m ba x\u1ee9 (\u0101yatan\u0101ni<\/i>): h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[11] M\u1ed7i v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t danh (n\u0101ma<\/i>). C\u00e1c danh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> th\u00e0nh c\u00fa (pada<\/i>). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span> li\u1ec7t danh v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n<\/span>. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Kinh b\u1ed9<\/span> li\u1ec7t trong s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span> v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a danh l\u00e0 thanh (\u015babda<\/i>). Cf. C\u1ea5u x\u00e1<\/i> 5 , T29n1558, tr. 29a23.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[12] C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 <\/i>1, T29n1558, tr. 6a29.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[13] B\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi La-th\u1eadp. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span> l\u00e0m cho c\u00e2u v\u0103n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u00e0i h\u00f2a h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[14] Tr\u00ed Kh\u1ea3i<\/span>, C\u00e1t T\u1ea1ng<\/span>, c\u0169ng b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[15] Trung lu\u1eadn<\/span>, k. xxiv.8-9.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[16] Hoa nghi\u00eam<\/span><\/i>, b\u1ea3n 60, quy\u1ec3n 23, tr. 545b09; b\u1ea3n 80, quy\u1ec3n 34, tr. 181c10. Cf. Da\u015babh\u016bmika, tr. R. 15.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[17] Skt. k\u1e63ay\u0101k\u1e63ayo n\u0101ma bodhisattv\u0101n\u0101m vimok\u1e63a\u1e25.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[18] \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00fa Pali, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> \u0111\u1eafc A-la-h\u00e1n: idha,\u00a0bhikkhave,\u00a0bhikkhu\u00a0\u0101sav\u0101na\u1e43\u00a0khay\u0101 an\u0101sava\u1e43 cetovimutti\u1e43 pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101vimutti\u1e43 di\u1e6d\u1e6dheva dhamme saya\u1e43 abhi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 sacchikatv\u0101 upasampajja viharati.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[19] Cf. A. ii. 34: y\u0101vat\u0101,\u00a0bhikkhave,\u00a0dhamm\u0101\u00a0sa\u1e45khat\u0101 v\u0101 asa\u1e45khat\u0101 v\u0101, vir\u0101go tesa\u1e43 aggamakkh\u0101yati, yadida\u1e43 \u2026 ta\u1e47h\u0101kkhayo vir\u0101go nirodho nibb\u0101na\u1e43.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[20] Ph\u1ea9m vii \u201cQu\u00e1n ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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[21] Dhp. 46.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[22] Ph\u1ea9m ii \u201cPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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[23] T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m 15<\/i>, kinh 373, tr. 102b18. P\u0101li, Puttama\u1e43sa, S.ii.98.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[24] MK. xxiv. 18: ya\u1e25 prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da\u1e25 \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101\u1e43 t\u0101\u1e43 pracak\u1e63mahe\/ s\u0101 prajnaptir up\u0101d\u0101ya pratipat saiva madhyam\u0101<\/i>. H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch c\u00faa La-th\u1eadp: \u773e\u56e0\u7de3\u751f\u6cd5\u6211 \u8aaa \u5373 \u662f \u7121 \u4ea6 \u70ba \u662f \u5047 \u540d\u00a0\u4ea6 \u662f\u4e2d\u9053\u7fa9. C\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: ph\u00e1p sinh b\u1edfi nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span>, ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh<\/span>, v\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng trong Ph\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh<\/span> v\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>; m\u00e0 t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh<\/span> v\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. B\u1edfi, \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb<\/span> s\u0101<\/i><\/b> trong n\u1eefa t\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf t\u1eeb prat\u012btya-samutp\u0101da\u1e25<\/i> (duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>) v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1c. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 (s\u0101<\/i><\/b>) thay th\u1ebf t\u1eeb \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101m<\/i> (t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng<\/span>) trong n\u1eefa t\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean), v\u00ec t\u1eeb n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i. Xem gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a Candrak\u012brti, Prasannapada<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[25] Candrak\u012brti, Prasannapad\u0101, tr. 265:\u00a0tath\u0101bh\u0101vo\u2019vik\u0101ritva\u1e43 sadaiva sth\u0101yit\u0101<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[26] VKN: yad\u0101 tva\u1e43 kulaputra tath\u0101gatasya dar\u015banak\u0101mo bhavasi katha\u1e43 tva\u1e43 tath\u0101gata\u1e43 pa\u015byasi?<\/span><\/p>\n

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[27] VKN: yad\u0101ha\u1e43 bhagava\u1e43s tath\u0101gatasya dar\u015banak\u0101mo bhav\u0101mi tad\u0101 tath\u0101gatam apa\u015byanay\u0101 pa\u015by\u0101mi p\u016brv\u0101ntato \u2018j\u0101tam aparantato sa\u1e43kr\u0101nta\u1e43 pratyutpanne dhvany asamhita\u1e43 pa\u015by\u0101mi.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[28] VKN: sthavire\u1e47a dharma\u1e25 s\u0101k\u1e63\u0101tk\u1e5bta\u1e25 kaccit tasya dharmasya cyut\u1ec9 upapattir v\u0101?<\/span><\/p>\n

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[29] Xem ph\u1ea9m iii \u201cCh\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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[30] C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1n, VKN: cyutir iti\u2026 abhisa\u1e43sk\u0101ralak\u1e63a\u1e47apadam etat upapattir ity abhisa\u1e43sk\u0101raprabhanda \u2026<\/i>, ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh; s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[31] Vajracchedik\u0101: ye m\u0101\u1e43 r\u016bpe\u1e47a c\u0101dr\u0101k\u1e63urye m\u0101\u1e43 gho\u1e63e\u1e47a c\u0101nvayu\u1e25 |mithy\u0101prah\u0101\u1e47apras\u1e5bt\u0101 na m\u0101\u1e43 drak\u1e63yanti te jan\u0101\u1e25 ||1|| dharmato buddh\u0101 dra\u1e63\u1e6davy\u0101 dharmak\u0101y\u0101 hi n\u0101yak\u0101\u1e25 |dharmat\u0101 ca na vij\u00f1ey\u0101 na s\u0101 \u015baky\u0101 vij\u0101nitum ||2|| B\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> th\u1ee9 hai trong Ph\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a La-th\u1eadp. H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span>: \u61c9 \u89c0 \u4f5b \u6cd5 \u6027 \u5373 \u5c0e \u5e2b \u6cd5 \u8eab \u6cd5 \u6027\u975e\u6240\u8b58 \u6545\u5f7c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e86.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[32] Khuy C\u01a1<\/span>, tr. 1107a: \u201cPh\u1eadt hi\u1ec7u A-s\u00fac, \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 V\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/span>. T\u00e1m gi\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5u, b\u1ed1n Ma<\/span> kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m, th\u01b0\u01a1ng an tr\u00fa<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/span>. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, \u00d4ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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