{"id":7203,"date":"2020-12-02T06:05:11","date_gmt":"2020-12-01T23:05:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/02\/ban-chat-cua-tam-thuc\/"},"modified":"2020-12-02T06:05:11","modified_gmt":"2020-12-01T23:05:11","slug":"ban-chat-cua-tam-thuc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/02\/ban-chat-cua-tam-thuc\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a T\u00e2m Th\u1ee9c"},"content":{"rendered":"

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B\u1ea2N CH\u1ea4T<\/span> C\u1ee6A T\u00c2M TH\u1ee8C<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

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T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span>: His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama, Nottingham, England, 24\/05\/2008\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Anh d\u1ecbch: Alexander Berzin\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/span>: Tu\u1ec7 Uy\u1ec3n<\/span> – 26\/10\/2011<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\"dalai_lama\"

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NH\u1eeeNG TR\u00ccNH \u0110\u1ed8<\/span> C\u1ee6A T\u00c2M TH\u1ee8C<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> c\u00f9ng h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau.\u00a0Khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea5c<\/span>, khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> m\u01a1 ng\u1ee7<\/span> v\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u1edf trong gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i th\u00ec khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh – \u1edf t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i giai t\u1ea7ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> s\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>.\u00a0R\u1ed3i th\u00ec c\u0169ng ngay t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e2m chung<\/span> khi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a tan bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> sau khi h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> – t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e2m chung<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea5c<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u01a1\u00a0ng\u1ee7<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac ng\u1ee7 s\u00e2u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

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NH\u1eeeNG KH\u00c1C BI\u1ec6T GI\u1eeeA NH\u1eeeNG T\u00c2M TH\u1ee8C<\/span> CH\u00cdNH V\u00c0 C\u00c1C NH\u00c2N T\u1ed0 TINH TH\u1ea6N<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/span> lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>, th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1eadp trung ch\u0103m ch\u00fa (\u0111\u1ecbnh – samadhi<\/i>), v\u00e0 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c trau d\u1ed3i qu\u00e1n, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n<\/span> – vipashyana<\/i>), m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> tr\u1ea1ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>.\u00a0C\u1ea3 hai th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u1edbi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>; do th\u1ebf, th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>.\u00a0Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>.\u00a0Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00c2n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau [c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>].\u00a0C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0m s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> theo nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 kia l\u00e0m s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> theo b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>.\u00a0Di L\u1eb7c<\/span>, th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> th\u1ebf, trong Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t<\/span> Trung \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span> v\u1edbi C\u1ef1c \u0110oan<\/span>, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u1ecb th\u1ebf th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m: t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span>, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu hay nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> b\u1edfi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span>, quan t\u00e2m<\/span> nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> hay nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m hay nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, trong c\u1ea3 hai th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 hai \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng r\u1ed9ng: c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan<\/span> c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd s\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n<\/span> h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn. Do v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c tinh<\/span> th\u1ea7n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c tinh<\/span> th\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c tinh<\/span> th\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 hai l\u1ea1i: m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em t\u1edbi b\u1edfi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 kia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span>, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> c\u0169ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u0103m nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> lu\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>. Do v\u1eady, th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>, v\u00e0 v.v\u2026 Nh\u01b0 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a “c\u00f3\u00a0ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 n\u1ecd,” c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan<\/span> c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong n\u00e3o b\u1ed9. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> n\u00f3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 “\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y” hay “\u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 kia”, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> c\u00f3 [nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a] s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u1edbi n\u00f3, th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u1edbi b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

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NH\u1eeeNG S\u1ef0 PH\u00c2N BI\u1ec6T<\/span> XA H\u01a0N<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

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B\u00e2y gi\u1edd,\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> d\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> quan t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Theo v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa Lu\u1eadn S\u01b0<\/span>, th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0<\/span> m\u1ed9t trung gian<\/span> cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span> theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Kinh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed9<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>, v\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn<\/span> th\u1ee9 hai th\u00ec g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Do v\u1eady trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> ki\u1ec5u th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y. C\u00f3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/span> gi\u1eefa Kinh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 Duy T\u00e2m<\/span> (duy th\u1ee9c<\/span>), l\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1ea5y hay kh\u00f4ng? Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1ea5y? Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1ea5y? S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> l\u00e0, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, t\u00e2m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1edd, Paul Eckman – n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span>, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a kinh lu\u1eadn<\/span> t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>, m\u00e0 tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/span> xa h\u01a1n<\/span> trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>: s\u1ebd l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c<\/span> v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> cho c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u01b0 cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>; c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt; v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i th\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o hai \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng tuy th\u1ebf<\/span> lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> th\u1eddi gian<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u1ea2N CH\u1ea4T<\/span> T\u1ef0 NHI\u00caN<\/span> C\u1ee6A T\u00c2M TH\u1ee8C<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> hay t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c<\/span>, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>: ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> hay t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 (1) r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>, (2) t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c<\/span>, t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 hay nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 (3) kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span> hay ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/span>; nh\u01b0ng, tuy th\u1ebf<\/span>, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 trung t\u00ednh<\/span>. Cho d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> l\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch hay tai h\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> m\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 [v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>].<\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span> kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>: nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span> t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> [nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span>. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span> t\u1eebng c\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span>]. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ed3i th\u00ec [ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>], \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n sinh c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> \u01b0u th\u1ebf<\/span> l\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Khi s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>, l\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/span> th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m<\/span> th\u1ee9c hay h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>. Tuy th\u1ebf<\/span>, qua th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span> \u1ea5y khi n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span> n\u00f3 sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. T\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y, c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span>, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u<\/span> n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>. Do v\u1eady, khi m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> tr\u1ea1ng hay nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span>, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00edt v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed0I QUAN H\u1ec6 GI\u1eee C\u1ea2M X\u00daC<\/span> V\u00c0 TH\u00c2N TH\u1ec2<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn<\/span> kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa m\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> th\u00eam sau \u0111\u00e2y. Qua s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span>. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>. L\u1ea5y th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00f9 o\u00e1n<\/span>. Khi s\u00e2n h\u1ec7 x\u1ea3y ra, s\u1ef1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n<\/span> m\u00e1u trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span> m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> h\u01a1n v\u1edbi t\u1eeb bi<\/span>. Cho n\u00ean, trong tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> vi t\u1ebf<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc: m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span>, hay m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span> mang \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong n\u00e3o b\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> xa h\u01a1n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span>. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u01a1i vi t\u1ebf<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> vi t\u1ebf<\/span>, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00f4. Khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>, th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> th\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1u tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1ea1y; khi s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn, nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1u ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn tay v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e1nh. V\u1eady n\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> th\u00f4 ph\u00f9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u1ef1 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00e1u, th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u00f4 m\u00e0 trong \u1ea5y s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf t\u1ea1i tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> n\u00e0o m\u00e0\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3?<\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> vi t\u1ebf<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>: h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> hay tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u1ea5y. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i “gi\u00f3 b\u00ean trong (n\u1ed9i phong) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> th\u00f4 v\u00e0\u00a0h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 chung nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span>: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 trung gian<\/span> hay c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u cho m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd?<\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>, c\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c<\/span> ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i”. [Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00f3, nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> m\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vui, kh\u1ed5, hay trung t\u00ednh<\/span>, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o<\/span>, hay trung t\u00ednh<\/span>]. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c<\/span> ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea5y cho nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au hay vui s\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u1edf m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1c quan<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 – th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y \u1edf con m\u1eaft – tuy th\u1ebf<\/span>, th\u1ee9c x\u00fac gi\u00e1c<\/span> sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u00f3 lan r\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1c quan<\/span> c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> kh\u00e1c. Theo khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 nghe, v\u2026 m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>; nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> v\u1edbi n\u00e3o b\u1ed9. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang lan t\u1ecfa kh\u1eafp n\u00e3o b\u1ed9. Cho n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea9m tra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 lan t\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u00e1c [v\u00ec c\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span> v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0m \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady].<\/span><\/p>\n

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Khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea9m tra n\u00e3o b\u1ed9, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> gi\u1eefa tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00f4 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> vi t\u1ebf<\/span> h\u01a1n. B\u00e2y\u00a0gi\u1edd, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00f4 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> [tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>] c\u1ea3 trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 con ch\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng qua nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3 hai, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> c\u1ea3 hai bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u00ean tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00f4. [V\u00ec th\u1ebf, th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, nh\u1eefng con ch\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u1eedi m\u00f9i so v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>]. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> vi t\u1ebf<\/span> h\u01a1n [c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> hay h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> th\u00f4].<\/span><\/p>\n

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Theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> tr\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t vi t\u1ebf<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00f4 h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> [l\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>]. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span> phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span> s\u1ebd \u1edf trong tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> vi t\u1ebf<\/span> h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>., m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u00edt t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>. V\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 con th\u00fa [li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> vi t\u1ebf<\/span> h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1?]<\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. Lo\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra trong m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m qua. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ch\u1ebft trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y – kh\u00f4ng ai th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft trong khi l\u00e0m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ea7n nghi\u00eam t\u00fac h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u<\/span> th\u1ec9nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y h\u00e3y vui l\u00f2ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft trong khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/span>; ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00eam t\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra qua ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1\u00a0ba tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>. Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> th\u1ee9 ba ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc<\/span> l\u00e2m chung<\/span>. [M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra khi] h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i tim \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng, nh\u01b0ng tuy th\u1ebf<\/span>, v\u1eabn c\u00f3<\/span> m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> x\u1ea3y ra. Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u00edt l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> tr\u00ean tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> [h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>]. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00f4 l\u00e0 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> tr\u00ean n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span>; c\u00f2n tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> vi t\u1ebf<\/span> h\u01a1n n\u00e0y:\u00a0\u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span> phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> [theo s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>] tr\u00ean tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> vi t\u1ebf<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00f4. T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang \u00edt l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> th\u00f4 ph\u00f9? M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1edf v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi, ”Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> n\u00e0o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> thu\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> kh\u00f4ng?” v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>, “Trong l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00e2ng [c\u00f3 th\u1ec3]; nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3”.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1eafm. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span>. Kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c hay tu\u00f4n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u1edbi vui ho\u1eb7c bu\u1ed3n. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn lao tr\u00ean tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/span> th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhau. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f3c ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb m\u1eaft b\u00ean tr\u00e1i do bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u<\/span>, th\u1ebf th\u00ec tr\u00ean tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1eady: s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00f4. Do v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u h\u01a1n tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> th\u00f4 nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u00e2m<\/span> th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

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[ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a] n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 – ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 v\u1eabn qu\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong lu\u1eadn l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt<\/span> Gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> suy lu\u1eadn<\/span> kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span> nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a v\u00e0 suy\u00a0ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng. Hay n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n<\/span> s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c.Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 [nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/span>] qu\u00e1 bao qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span> cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n: The Nature of the Mind<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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Tu\u1ec7 Uy\u1ec3n<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/span> – \u1ea8n T\u00e2m L\u1ed9<\/span> ng\u00e0y 24-7-2013<\/span><\/p>\n

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http:\/\/www.berzinarchives.com\/web\/en\/archives\/sutra\/level4_deepening_understanding_path\/mind_mental_factors\/nature_mind.html<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[ad_1] B\u1ea2N CH\u1ea4T C\u1ee6A T\u00c2M TH\u1ee8C \u00a0 T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama, Nottingham, England, 24\/05\/2008\u00a0 Anh d\u1ecbch: Alexander Berzin\u00a0 Chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef: Tu\u1ec7 Uy\u1ec3n – 26\/10\/2011 \u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7204,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[104],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-7203","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-giai-dap-nghi-hoac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7203","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7203"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7203\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7204"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7203"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7203"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7203"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=7203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}