{"id":7207,"date":"2020-12-02T06:05:57","date_gmt":"2020-12-01T23:05:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/02\/chan-nhu\/"},"modified":"2020-12-02T06:05:57","modified_gmt":"2020-12-01T23:05:57","slug":"chan-nhu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/02\/chan-nhu\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0"},"content":{"rendered":"

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CH\u00c2N NH\u01af<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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T\/S L\u00e2m Nh\u01b0-T\u1ea1ng<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\"phat49\"

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Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span> trong t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u201cA Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms\u201d\u00a0vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u201cTi\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Bh\u0169tatathat\u00e3. \u201cCh\u01a1n\u201d is as the real. \u201cNh\u01b0\u201d is \u201cas Nh\u01b0 Th\u01b0\u1eddng, as thus always, or eternally so. i.e. reality as contrasted with unreality, or appearance and unchanging or immutable as contrasted with from and phenomena. It resembles the ocean in contrast with the waves. It is the eternal, impersonal, unchangeable reality behind all phenomena. Bh\u0169ta is substance, that which exists; tathat\u00e3 is suchness, thusness; i.e. such is its nature. The word is fundamental to Mah\u00e3yana philosophy, implying the obsolute, the ultimate source and character of all phenomena, it is all. It is also called self-existent pure Mind (t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m<\/span>); Buddha-nature (Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh<\/span>);\u00a0Dharmak\u00e3ya (ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n<\/span>); Tath\u00e3gata-gabha (Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng<\/span>) or Buddha-treasury; reality (th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>); Dharma-realm (ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi<\/span>); Dharma-nature (ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh<\/span>);\u00a0the complete and perfect real nature or reality (vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh<\/span> th\u1eadt t\u00e1nh<\/span>); <\/span><\/p>\n

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There are categories of\u00a01, 2, 3, 7, 10 and 12 in number: (1) The undifferentiated whole . (2) There are several antithetical classes, e.g. the unconditioned and the conditioned;\u00a0the \u201cKh\u00f4ng\u201d void , static, abstract, noumenal, and the\u00a0\u201cB\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng\u201d\u00a0not-void, dynamic, phenomenal; pure, and affected (or infected) ; undefiled (or innocent), i.e. that of Buddhas, defiled, that of all beings; in bonds and free;\u00a0inexpressible , and expressible in words. (3) Formless (v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>); uncreated (v\u00f4 sanh<\/span>); without nature (v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh<\/span>); i.e. without characteristics or qualities, absolute in itself. Also as relative; i.e. good, bad, and indeterminate , (7, 10, 12).<\/span><\/p>\n

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The 7 are given in the \u201cDuy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn 8\u201d; the 10 are in two classes, one of the \u201cBi\u1ec7t Gi\u00e1o\u201d cf. Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn<\/span> 8; the other of the Vi\u00ean Gi\u00e1o<\/span>, cf.\u00a0B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 T\u00e2m<\/span> Ngh\u0129a 4; the 12 are given in the Nirv\u00e3na S\u0169tra.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span> c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb lien quan \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span> nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span> Nh\u1ee9t Th\u1ee5c: Bh\u0169tatathat\u00e3 the only reality, the one\u00a0Bh\u0169tatathat\u00e3 reality.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 Tam Mu\u1ed9i<\/span>: The meditation in which all phenomena are eliminated and the bh\u0169tatathat\u00e3 or absolute is realized.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 N\u1ed9i Hu\u00e2n<\/span>: The internal performing or influence of the bh\u0169tatathat\u00e3 or Buddha-spirituality.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 Th\u1eadt T\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>: The essential characteristic or mark (laksana) of bh\u0169tatathat\u00e3; i.e. reality. Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span> is bh\u0169tatathat\u00e3 from the point ot view of the void, attributeless absolute. Th\u1eadt T\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>: is bh\u0169tatathat\u00e3 from the point of view of phenomena.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 H\u1ea3i<\/span>: The ocean of the bh\u0169tatathat\u00e3, limitless.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p Th\u00e2n<\/span>: The absolute as dharmak\u00e3ya, or spiritual body, all embracing.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>: The absolute in its causative or relative condition ; the bh\u0169tatathat\u00e3 influenced by environment, or pure and <\/span><\/p>\n

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impure condition, produces all things.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 T\u00f9y Duy\u00ean<\/span>: The conditioned bh\u0169tatathat\u00e3, i.e. as becoming; it accords with the V\u00f4 Minh<\/span> Nhi\u1ec5m Duy\u00ean<\/span> unconscious and tainting environment to produce all phenomena.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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II- KH\u1ea2O S\u00c1T HAI<\/u><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t trong Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc<\/span> T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n (\u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn) vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u201cCh\u00e2n: ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng<\/span>. Nh\u01b0: nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng sai ch\u1ea1y. Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt T\u00e1nh<\/span>, c\u00e1i t\u00e1nh ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>, nh\u01b0 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> di\u1ec7t. C\u00e1i Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span> th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3<\/span> n\u01a1i ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eed d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u1edbi Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span>: T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh<\/span>, Ph\u00e1p Th\u00e2n<\/span>, Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng<\/span>, th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi<\/span>, ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh<\/span>, vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh<\/span> th\u1eadt t\u00e1nh<\/span>, Ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ba Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

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1\/ V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span>: Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>; l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01b0 ch\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n

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2\/ V\u00f4 sanh<\/span> Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span>: Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span> kh\u00f4ng sanh; c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p<\/span> m\u00e0 sanh ra ch\u1ee9 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f3 sanh .<\/span><\/p>\n

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3\/ V\u00f4 t\u00e1nh<\/span> Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span>: Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c suy x\u00e9t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eadt t\u00e1nh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ecdng t\u00ecnh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o \u0110\u00e0n kinh<\/span>, ph\u1ea9m 5, t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n<\/span> vi\u1ebft: c\u00e1i t\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1ed1n trong s\u1ea1ch<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ngh\u0129 qu\u1ea5y (v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m<\/span>) n\u00f3 che l\u1ea5p<\/span> c\u00e1i Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span>. V\u1eady c\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> qu\u1ea5y (v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>) th\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> tr\u1edf n\u00ean trong s\u1ea1ch<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eed\u00a0kh\u00e1c li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span> nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span> B\u1ed5n T\u00e1nh: B\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh ch\u01a1n th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng . \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>, n\u00f3 ch\u01a1n th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng<\/span>. T\u00e1nh \u1ea5y tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 linh thi\u00eang<\/span>, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng<\/span> m\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m<\/span>, d\u00f9 tr\u00e3i qua bao nhi\u00eau ki\u1ebfp v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf; c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n lai di\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p Nh\u00e3n T\u1ea1ng<\/span>. T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 T\u00f4ng<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed5n T\u00e1nh Di \u0110\u00e0<\/span>. Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean-L\u00fd. L\u00e3o T\u1eed<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1ed1c-Th\u1ea7n\u00a0(C\u1ed1c l\u00e0 Hang tr\u1ed1ng; Th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 H\u1ed3n Thi\u00eang).<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u01a1n Nh\u01b0<\/span> H\u1ea3i: Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u01a1n Nh\u01b0<\/span>. Ch\u01a1n Nh\u01b0<\/span>, Ph\u00e1p T\u00e1nh<\/span> hay Ph\u1eadt T\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1edfi v\u1eady n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u01a1n Nh\u01b0<\/span> h\u1ea3i.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u01a1n Nh\u01b0<\/span> N\u1ed9i Hu\u00e2n<\/span>: Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp<\/span> b\u00ean trong, l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> l\u00f2ng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1<\/span>, ch\u00e1n c\u00f5i tr\u1ea7n<\/span> t\u1ee5c, c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do s\u1ee9c N\u1ed9i Hu\u00e2n<\/span> t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong t\u00e2m m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p<\/span> Th\u00e2n, Ph\u1eadt T\u00e1nh<\/span> m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> t\u00ednh gi\u00e1c<\/span>, tr\u1eeb v\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>; \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 N\u1ed9i Hu\u00e2n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u01a1n Nh\u01b0<\/span> Tam Mu\u1ed9i<\/span>: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/span> Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span>, tu theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> l\u00fd v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i v\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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III-KH\u1ea2O S\u00c1T BA<\/u><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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Tham kh\u1ea3o<\/span> danh t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Vi\u1ec7t-Anh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eef Sanscrit \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eed kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

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1\/\u00a0The meanings of the bhutatathata:<\/u><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c<\/span>: \u201cCh\u00e2n\u201d means the \u201creal,\u201d or \u201ctrue.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng: \u201cNh\u01b0\u201d means\u00a0\u201cso,\u201d \u201csuch,\u201d \u201csuchness,\u201d \u201cthus,\u201d \u201cthusness,\u201d \u201cthus always,\u201d \u201c in that manner,\u201d or \u201ceternally so.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u201cCh\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/b>: Bhutatathata or Tathata (skt)\u2014T\u1ef1 T\u00e1nh Thanh T\u1ecbnh<\/span> T\u00e2m\u2014Ph\u1eadt T\u00ednh\u2014Ph\u00e1p Th\u00e2n\u2014Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng\u2014Th\u1ef1c T\u01b0\u1edbng\u2014Ph\u00e1p Gi\u1edbi\u2014Ph\u00e1p T\u00ednh\u2014Vi\u00ean Th\u00e0nh Th\u1ef1c<\/span> T\u00ednh\u2014Real\u2014Reality\u2014Suchness\u2014According to reality\u2014Natural purity\u2014Theo Trung Qu\u00e1n Lu\u1eadn<\/span>, ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 phi nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u00e1ch. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ng\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Th\u1ef1c T\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i<\/span> v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do<\/span> t\u1ea1i sao Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> T\u1ea1ng\u2014According to Madhyamaka Philosophy, Tathata is the Truth, but it is impersonal. In order to reveal itself, it requires a medium. Tathagata is that medium. Tathagata is the epiphany of Reality. He is Reality personalized. Tathagata is an amphibious being parting both of the Absolute and phenomena. He is identical with Tathata, but embodied in a human form. That is why Tathata is also called the womb of Tathagata (Tathagatagarbha)\u2014See T\u1ef1 T\u00e1nh<\/span> Thanh T\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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2\/ Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 \u201cCh\u00e2n Nh\u01b0\u201d<\/u><\/b>\u2014Other terms for \u201cBhutatathata\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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