{"id":7215,"date":"2020-12-02T06:07:20","date_gmt":"2020-12-01T23:07:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/02\/sinh-tu-luan-hoi\/"},"modified":"2020-12-02T06:07:20","modified_gmt":"2020-12-01T23:07:20","slug":"sinh-tu-luan-hoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/02\/sinh-tu-luan-hoi\/","title":{"rendered":"Sinh T\u1eed Lu\u00e2n H\u1ed3i"},"content":{"rendered":"

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SINH T\u1eec LU\u00c2N H\u1ed2I<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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To\u00e0n Kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0Lu\u00e2n H\u1ed3i<\/span> d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ch\u1eef Samera c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n. Ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, Lu\u00e2n<\/b> l\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe, H\u1ed3i<\/b> l\u00e0 xoay l\u1ea1i, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span>, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span>; Sinh T\u1eed Lu\u00e2n H\u1ed3i<\/span> l\u00e0 sinh ra gi\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i sinh ra gi\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ebft, t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> sinh ra t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y<\/span> (th\u1ec9) \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi n\u1eefa \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> v\u00f4 chung. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> sinh ra ch\u1ebft \u0111i c\u1ee9 tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 sinh trong lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> m\u00e0 t\u00f9y nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra trong su\u1ed1t<\/span> th\u1eddi gian<\/span> s\u1ed1ng theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 sinh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00e1u c\u00f5i. <\/span><\/p>\n

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I). C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> v\u1ec1 sinh t\u1eed<\/span>:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/b>C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

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1). Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> sinh ra l\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/span>, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 sinh, m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 may r\u1ee7i<\/span>, g\u1eb7p may<\/span> c\u00f3 vui, g\u1eb7p r\u1ee7i ph\u1ea3i bu\u1ed3n. Khi gi\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>, khi ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ebft ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec n\u1eefa<\/span>, s\u1ef1 may r\u1ee7i<\/span> c\u0169ng theo c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec n\u1eefa<\/span>; th\u00e2n x\u00e1c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i, h\u01b0 v\u00f4<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t t\u00ed g\u00ec c\u1ea3. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> \u201cch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n\u201d, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 cho mau, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> d\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, t\u00f4n ty; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> bu\u00f4ng xu\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, m\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt. B\u1edfi v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>, n\u00ean b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, t\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> n\u00f3 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb bi\u1ebft th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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2)- Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n

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\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, ph\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c tan r\u00e3, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1i<\/span>, tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ecd quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201clinh h\u1ed3n\u201d b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n<\/span> v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trong hai n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn hay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ean Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span>, hay xu\u1ed1ng H\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c<\/span> ch\u1ecbu thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y ra. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> \u201cch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \u201cQuan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 th\u00f4 s\u01a1, q\u00faa \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>; v\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed5i thay, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i ch\u00fang ta<\/span> t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i d\u00f9 l\u00e0 100 n\u0103m, khi ch\u1ebft \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf tr\u00ean Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c<\/span> ch\u1ecbu c\u1ef1c h\u00ecnh<\/span> kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o<\/span> v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y ra; th\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng phi l\u00fd<\/span> gi\u1eefa hai s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 tin hay kh\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady!\u201d N\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f2n n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e1 to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ham kho\u00e1i h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf\u00a0m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tin theo<\/span> v\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, ch\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng<\/span> \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

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3)- Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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a)- V\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>: <\/b>Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

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1- N\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>:<\/b> N\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn ra<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng, h\u1ed3, bi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span> l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i bay l\u00ean th\u00e0nh m\u00e2y, m\u00e2y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1nh t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb7ng r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh m\u01b0a. N\u1ebfu kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u1ea1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi 0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n (Centigrade) hay d\u01b0\u1edbi 32 \u0111\u1ed9 Farenheit, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1. \u1ede v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c Nam c\u1ef1c, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span> \u00edt chi\u1ebfu t\u1edbi n\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh b\u0103ng; c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c, khi m\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng su\u1ed1i, r\u1ea1ch, h\u1ed3, s\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i ra bi\u1ec3n, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i th\u00e0nh m\u00e2y, m\u00e2y th\u00e0nh m\u01b0a, c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> m\u00e3i. <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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2- Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>:<\/b> Q\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y t\u1ef1 quay nh\u01b0 con quay m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng, n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 ban ng\u00e0y khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 phi\u00e1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ban \u0111\u00eam khi tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t quay phi\u00e1 b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 phi\u00e1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span>, nh\u01b0 v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 ch\u00e2u ban ng\u00e0y th\u00ec v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 ban \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 bu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0a th\u00ec v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 ch\u00e2u n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam. Q\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n ch\u1ea1y chung quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span> trong 365 ng\u00e0y h\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. S\u1ef1 quay ch\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t theo q\u0169y \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n<\/span>, H\u1ea1, Thu, \u0110\u00f4ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng xa X\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 hai m\u00f9a N\u1eafng M\u01b0a \u1edf n\u01a1i g\u1ea7n X\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o, xoay v\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> m\u1ed7i n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt tr\u00ean q\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> b\u1edfi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a hay hai m\u00f9a thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/span><\/p>\n

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3- Lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n<\/span>:<\/b> Trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, q\u1ee7a tim v\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea7u xe l\u1eeda k\u00e9o c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ea7u, tr\u00e1i tim c\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu tim ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1eadp b\u00f3p, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft. Q\u1ee7a tim c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ng\u0103n, hai ng\u0103n tr\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m nh\u0129 (atrium), hai ng\u0103n d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t (ventricle). Do s\u1ee9c b\u00f3p c\u1ee7a tim, m\u00e1u trong t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t b\u00ean tr\u00e1i (left ventricle) b\u01a1m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch (aorta) d\u1eabn \u0111i kh\u1eafp to\u00e0n th\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, c\u01a1 quan<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. R\u1ed3i m\u00e1u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch (veins) tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> tim v\u00e0o t\u00e2m nh\u0129 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i (right atrium). M\u00e1u t\u1eeb t\u00e2m<\/span> nh\u0129 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i van (valve) xu\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i (right ventricle), r\u1ed3i ra \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i (pulmonary artery) v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00ed (oxygen). M\u00e1u t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> tim b\u1eb1ng t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i (pulmonary vein) v\u00e0o t\u00e2m nh\u0129 b\u00ean tr\u00e1i (left atrium), xong m\u00e1u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y qua m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i van xu\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t b\u00ean tr\u00e1i (left ventricle), v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t b\u00f3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5y m\u00e1u \u0111i nu\u00f4i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3; m\u00e1u \u0111i \u0111i, v\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00e1u.<\/span><\/p>\n

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b)- V\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>: <\/b>Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>, ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> , khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/span>. Th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp<\/span>, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp truy c\u1ee9u<\/span>; \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00f3p nh\u1eb7t v\u1ee5n v\u1eb7t, n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a d\u00e1m kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span> to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/span>, v\u00ec v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m linh<\/span> v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> b\u1eb1ng con m\u1eaft ph\u00e0m phu<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 danh nh\u00e2n<\/span> T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

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1- Pythagore<\/b> (h\u01a1n 550 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch): Nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ki\u00eam tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p (Greece) n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>, quanh qu\u1ea9n<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gian<\/span> h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

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2- Platon<\/b> (427 \u2013 347 BC): Nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> Hy L\u1ea1p n\u00f3i: \u201cLinh h\u1ed3n th\u1ecd h\u01a1n th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> sinh ra r\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u1ebf gian\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

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3- Ovid<\/b> (43 BC \u2013 17 AD): Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Rome (\u00dd) n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u0169, c\u00f2n linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0a t\u1eeb n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c<\/span>, linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 ta thay \u00e1o m\u1edbi. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1p m\u1ec1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n, m\u1eb7t s\u00e1p s\u1ebd ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00e1i khu\u00f4n, l\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/span> h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u0169 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a b\u1ecf<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>, s\u00e1p v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u00e1p; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u1edbi, kh\u00e1c c\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u1edbi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

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4- Wordsworth<\/b> (William) (1770 \u2013 1850): Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh qu\u1ed1c n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00e1i sinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c chi\u00eam bao<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean. Linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>, v\u00ec tinh t\u00fa<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u1edbi ta h\u00f4m nay, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng xa: Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span> trong s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u01a1 tr\u1ecdi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

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5- Disraeli<\/b> (Benjamin) (1804 \u2013 1881): Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> Anh Qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> n\u00e0o v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, v\u1eeba \u00edt va ch\u1ea1m<\/span> s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a ta b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ebft lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>. Thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y xem nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> v\u00e0 kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1edfng hay ph\u1ea1t c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ta trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

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6- Emerson<\/b> (Ralph Waldo) (1803 \u2013 1882): Tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> ki\u00eam nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh l\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh ta \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean<\/span>, v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>, trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>; c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y trong nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp n\u1eefa, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 q\u1ee7a\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

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7- Huxley<\/b> (Thomas Henry) (1825 \u2013 1895): Nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc (Biology) ki\u00eam nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Qu\u1ed1c n\u00f3i: \u201c. . . B\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ng\u1ee7 ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u201cta\u201d ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng, th\u00eam v\u00e0o ch\u00fat g\u00ec kh\u00e1c; nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1eb7t<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c<\/span>, t\u1eeb tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb<\/span> tr\u1edf l\u00ean, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00fac lu m\u1edd<\/span> l\u00fac s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/span>, l\u00fac y\u1ebfu l\u00fac m\u1ea1nh, l\u00fac \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span> l\u00fac sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>. V\u00e0 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i sang t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c th\u00e2n kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh<\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m t\u00ednh<\/span> kh\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0Nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> gia \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> g\u1ecdi c\u00e1i \u201cT\u00e1nh\u201d \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi<\/span> nghi\u1ec7p (Karma), ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec3n sinh<\/span>; c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> \u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng trong m\u1ed7i ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng do truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f2n do ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

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4). Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u0110\u00fang l\u00fd ra, sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi<\/span> nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o<\/span> nh\u00e2n q\u1ee7a, v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> t\u1eeb khi sinh ra \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u mang theo<\/span> c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> ph\u00e2n t\u00edch:<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> g\u1ed3m hai ph\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>, t\u1eeb khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/span> gi\u1eefa tinh cha tr\u1ee9ng m\u1eb9 h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c<\/span> hay nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c<\/span>. B\u00e0o thai<\/span> ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> (s\u1eafc) v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> (th\u1ee9c) m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u1ede trong b\u00e0o thai<\/span> l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn: m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00e1u c\u0103n. Khi \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201csinh\u201d ra, l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n l\u00ean, s\u00e1u c\u0103n ti\u1ebfp \u201cx\u00fac\u201d s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n<\/span>: s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p; khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/span> n\u1ebfu y\u00eau th\u00edch sinh th\u1ecd vui, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u00edch sinh th\u1ecd bu\u1ed3n, ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau kh\u00f4ng gh\u00e9t c\u00f3 th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng vui<\/span> kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n. S\u1ef1 y\u00eau gh\u00e9t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u00e1i \u1ed1\u201d, v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00e1i \u1ed1 n\u00ean c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef c\u00e1i y\u00eau th\u00edch, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i y\u00eau th\u00edch, quy\u1ebft d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf<\/span> tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a, \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ee7, b\u1ecf\u201d. V\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf<\/span> \u1ea5y m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p, khi ch\u1ebft th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c<\/span> ph\u1ea3i mang theo<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd sinh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp<\/span>. C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf sinh ra s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ebft, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e3i m\u00e3i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>; ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> m\u1edbi tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed<\/span> lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>, v\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c<\/span> d\u1eabn \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u thai<\/span>, n\u00ean t\u00f9y nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh<\/span> hay nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eef m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong s\u00e1u c\u00f5i. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> s\u01a1 qua \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p g\u00ec sinh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

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1- Sinh c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi<\/span>:<\/b> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o l\u00e0m m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n<\/span> g\u1ed3m ba \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n: Kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sinh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m<\/span>; b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec7ng: Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u00e1c; v\u00e0 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 \u00fd: Kh\u00f4ng tham lam<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n gi\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng si m\u00ea<\/span> t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span>. Sinh l\u00ean \u1edf c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> sung s\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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2- Sinh l\u1ea1i c\u00f5i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/b>: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span> (Ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi<\/span>) kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sinh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i<\/span>, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u. Mu\u1ed1n sinh l\u1ea1i c\u00f5i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, r\u00e1ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Khi t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf ch\u1ed7 gi\u00e0u sang<\/span> quy\u1ec1n q\u00fay sung s\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, manh kh\u1ecfe, s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u.<\/span><\/p>\n

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3 - Sinh c\u00f5i Th\u1ea7n<\/b> (A Tu La<\/span>): Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c thi m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span> gi\u1eadn th\u00f9 ch\u01b0a b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean khi ch\u1ebft \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> c\u00f5i Th\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> d\u00e0i, kh\u00e1 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tranh c\u00e3i, g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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4- Sinh c\u00f5i Ng\u1ea1 q\u1ee7y<\/span>:<\/b> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecfn s\u1ebbn, \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5<\/span>, ghen t\u1ef5<\/span>, m\u01b0u m\u00f4 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/span> v.v\u2026 Khi ch\u1ebft sinh v\u00e0o Ng\u1ea1 q\u1ee7y<\/span>, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i Ma q\u1ee7y kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>, c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i canh c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi<\/span> v.v…, lo\u00e0i Ng\u1ea1 q\u1ee7y<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng lu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u00fac sinh<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n

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5- Sinh S\u00fac sanh<\/span>:<\/b> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c<\/span> ngang tr\u00e1i<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ef5t n\u1ee3<\/span>, gi\u1eadt h\u1ee5i, l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>, bi\u1ec3n th\u1ee7<\/span> ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1<\/span> gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i s\u00fac v\u1eadt<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edbm t\u1ed1i say s\u01b0a r\u01b0\u1ee3u ho\u1eb7c ma t\u00fay<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1n<\/span> v.v.. Khi ch\u1ebft sinh v\u00e0o lo\u00e0i S\u00fac sinh<\/span> b\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf tr\u0103m b\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n

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6- Sinh \u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span><\/b>: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft cha gi\u1ebft m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c<\/span> ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> \u0111\u1ecda \u0111i\u1ea1 ng\u1ee5c nhanh nh\u01b0 li\u1ec7ng m\u0169i ki\u1ebfm th\u1eb3ng xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngay sau khi<\/span> ch\u1ebft, \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span> th\u1eddi gian<\/span> l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span> ch\u1ecbu c\u1ef1c h\u00ecnh<\/span> kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 tr\u0103m b\u1ec1; khi ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>, l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o Ng\u1ea1 q\u1ee7y<\/span> ho\u1eb7c S\u00fac sinh<\/span>, khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> ngh\u00e8o h\u00e8n kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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II). K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1ec1 sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0Trong c\u00e1c Kinh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh<\/span> s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y chuy\u1ec7n t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u; B\u00e1c S\u0129<\/span> Edgar Casey<\/b> t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 20 m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. \u00d4ng chuy\u00ean b\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng m\u1eaft th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u201cth\u00f4i mi\u00ean\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ec7nh cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb trong m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>, m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0Theo d\u00f5i<\/span> b\u00e1o ch\u00ed<\/span> th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y n\u00eau l\u00ean chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, chuy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb L\u1ea1t Ma<\/span> T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/b> t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng chuy\u1ec7n t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> ng\u00e0y nay coi nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0Schopenhauer<\/b> (Arthur) (1788\u20131860): Nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ki\u00eam tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cTa th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> kh\u1edfi xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb thu\u1edf s\u01a1 khai<\/span>, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span> v\u00e0ng son c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n lan r\u1ed9ng trong nh\u00e2n gian<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>; ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i<\/span> v\u00e0 hai t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9<\/span> t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1eadt t\u1ebf<\/span> nh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> \u1ea5y ( H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o<\/span>). C\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong l\u00fac C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o<\/span> t\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i<\/span> v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gian kh\u00e1c, trong th\u1ebf gian<\/span> \u1ea5y s\u1ebd t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span> nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc, th\u00ec theo c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n<\/span>, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<\/span> m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft<\/span> ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> ngay v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng v\u1ecb lai<\/span>, c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> ho\u1eb7c y h\u1ec7t, ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span>, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> nh\u01b0 trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0\u1ef5 …<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00fa trong Kinh Ph\u1ec7 \u0110\u00e0<\/span> (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o<\/span>) v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>, thuy\u1ebft lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>; cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nay, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o<\/span>, h\u01a1n ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u1eabn tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> thuy\u1ebft lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1eeb Ai C\u1eadp, Orph\u00e9e, Pythgore v\u00e0 Platon \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec7t li\u1ec7t nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh.Theo nh\u01b0<\/span> tr\u00ean, s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> n\u01a1i thuy\u1ebft lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> q\u1ee7a quy\u1ebft t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> m\u1ed7i khi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc…” (Tr\u00edch trong \u201cThe World As Will And Idea\u201d).<\/span><\/div>\n

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