{"id":7241,"date":"2020-12-02T06:13:34","date_gmt":"2020-12-01T23:13:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/02\/hinh-tuong-bo-tat-quan-am-va-van-de-binh-dang-gioi\/"},"modified":"2020-12-02T06:13:34","modified_gmt":"2020-12-01T23:13:34","slug":"hinh-tuong-bo-tat-quan-am-va-van-de-binh-dang-gioi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/02\/hinh-tuong-bo-tat-quan-am-va-van-de-binh-dang-gioi\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00ecnh T\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Quan \u00c2m V\u00e0 V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"

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H\u00ecnh T\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> Quan \u00c2m<\/span> V\u00e0 V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1<\/span> B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eb3ng<\/span> Gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

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Th\u00edch H\u1ea1nh B\u00ecnh<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cC\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> Quan \u00c2m<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, l\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n<\/span> ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0a th\u1ea7y<\/i>?\u201d. T\u00f4i c\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cB\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Quan \u00c2m<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o hai \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>: 1.Ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>. 2.T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian<\/span> d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 xin l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span> m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m: Danh x\u01b0ng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> Quan \u00c2m<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Nam truy\u1ec1n, ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> l\u00e0 \u201cKinh Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> Li\u00ean Hoa\u2019\u2019 – \u2018Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u1ed5 M\u00f4n\u2019 th\u1ee9 25. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> Quan \u00c2m<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n nghi\u00eam<\/span> t\u00fac t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> (linh t\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 b\u1ea5t linh t\u1ea1i ng\u00e3) m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, do v\u1eady t\u00f4i nh\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> n\u00e0y cho anh\u201d. <\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> cho anh thanh ni\u00ean, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span> r\u1eb1ng: n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> Quan \u00c2m<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> h\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> (l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>) trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. \u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Nam truy\u1ec1n, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> l\u00e0 \u201cJ\u0101taka\u201d (ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n<\/span>) trong \u201cKhuddaka\u201d (Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9<\/span>), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 5 b\u1ed9 Nik\u0101ya. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, do v\u1eady n\u1ebfu B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh x\u01b0ng Quan \u00c2m<\/span> th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 danh x\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng danh x\u01b0ng, m\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u1edf t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> – h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>, \u00edch m\u00ecnh l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. (Hoa h\u1ed3ng<\/span> h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y s\u00e1 g\u00ec t\u00ean chi). <\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3<\/span> tri\u1ec3n khai<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. T\u00f9y theo<\/span> h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u1eb1m h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0110\u1ecba T\u1ea1ng<\/span> v\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y; B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> V\u0103n Th\u00f9<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed<\/span> tu\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c<\/span> nh\u1eefng t\u00e0 ma ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>; B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> Quan \u00c2m<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> trang nghi\u00eam<\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n th\u00e2n<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u1ea3<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nam hay n\u1eef, quan hay d\u00e2n\u2026v\u00e0 \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u mi\u1ec5n n\u01a1i \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 hi\u1ec1n che ch\u1edf<\/span> \u0111\u00e0n con th\u01a1. <\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> Quan \u00c2m<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, ngo\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> n\u1ebfu x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u201ctr\u1ecdng nam khinh n\u1eef\u201d c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> l\u00e0 hai l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 hai c\u00e1i n\u00f4i v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 m\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. Hai qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> \u201ctr\u1ecdng nam khinh n\u1eef\u201d, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 lan r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn<\/span> thu\u1ed9c Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>. \u1ede nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> n\u00e0y, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u xui x\u1ebbo, tai h\u1ecda<\/span>, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span>. H\u1ecd b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1<\/span>, ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p<\/span> nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m<\/span>, \u0111em b\u00e1n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng[1], nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng. <\/span><\/p>\n

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X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng<\/span> can thi\u1ec7p<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1<\/span> nh\u1ee5c m\u1ea1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 2500 n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta xem nh\u01b0<\/span> l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng<\/span> ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span> nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng<\/span> ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> x\u1ea5u xa<\/span> n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n<\/span>, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u201ctr\u1ecdng nam khinh n\u1eef\u201d c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vua Pasenadi n\u01b0\u1edbc Kosala trong \u201cKinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span>. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> ghi r\u1eb1ng, trong l\u00fac nh\u00e0 vua c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u00ec c\u00f3 tin truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 sinh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i. Nh\u00e0 vua kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n<\/span> tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> khuy\u00ean vua:<\/span><\/p>\n

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N\u00e0y Nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi,
C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef<\/span>,
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> h\u01a1n,
So s\u00e1nh<\/span> v\u1edbi con trai,
C\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>,
Khi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea1c m\u1eabu th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c<\/span>.
R\u1ed3i sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con trai,
L\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng<\/span>, qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7,
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,
C\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 hi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>,
Th\u1eadt x\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o s\u01b0,
Gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi cho to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c.[2]<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

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N\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m hai \u00fd ch\u00ednh: 1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea4n<\/span> \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u201ctr\u1ecdng nam khinh n\u1eef\u201d; 2. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> \u1ea5y, Ng\u00e0i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh<\/span> h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, ch\u1edb c\u00f3 khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef. \u1ede b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c cho n\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span> l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> r\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 2.500 n\u0103m, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf, v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> tr\u1ecdng nam khinh n\u1eef, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ngang nhi\u00ean<\/span> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 vua, \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> hy h\u1eefu<\/span>; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/span> gi\u1edbi n\u1eef, \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i, Ng\u00e0i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 cho gi\u1edbi n\u1eef xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>; kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3<\/span> v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i cao<\/span> l\u00e0 A la h\u00e1n<\/span>[3] (Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 4 qu\u1ea3, A la h\u00e1n<\/span> l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> cao nh\u1ea5t), tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb T\u1ef7 kheo ni<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Vi\u1ec7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>, n\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a<\/span> Ni gi\u1edbi<\/span> trong T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ecb s\u1ee9c \u00e9p<\/span> t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, m\u00e0 ngay trong T\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span> c\u0169ng k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Ca Di\u1ebfp<\/span>[4]. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 l\u00fd do<\/span> v\u00ec sao ng\u00e0i Ca Di\u1ebfp<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A Nan<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/span> v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/span>, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc<\/span>, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> (c\u01b0 tr\u00fa) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> trong T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Ni gi\u1edbi<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span> quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 A Nan<\/span> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> cho gi\u1edbi n\u1eef c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>, tu t\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> k\u00eau g\u1ecdi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf<\/span> th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> \u201ctr\u1ecdng nam khinh n\u1eef\u201d, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng<\/span> bi\u1ebft bao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span> tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> t\u1ee7i nh\u1ee5c do quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch<\/span>, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf<\/span> s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi. H\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> Qu\u00e1n \u00c2m<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ng\u00e0n tay ng\u00e0n m\u1eaft, th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span> qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> kh\u1eafp hang c\u00f9ng ng\u00f5 h\u1ebbm, m\u1ecdi l\u00fac m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i<\/span>, th\u1ef1c thi tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, v\u1edbi l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>: \u201cN\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng than kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec n\u01a1i \u1ea5y c\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i\u201d (Kinh Ph\u00e1p<\/span> Hoa- Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u1ed5 M\u00f4n<\/span>). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y. Trong th\u1ebf gian<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> n\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng bao dung<\/span>, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng<\/span> n\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng bao dung<\/span> ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, n\u1ebfu con c\u00f3 ng\u1ed7 ngh\u1ecbch<\/span>, b\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, khi g\u1eb7p n\u1ea1n<\/span> c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 th\u00ec m\u1eb9 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng tha th\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00eca tay n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1<\/span> con. B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> Quan \u00c2m<\/span> c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> nh\u01b0 con ru\u1ed9t, lu\u00f4n c\u1eadn k\u1ec1 v\u1ed7 v\u1ec1<\/span> an \u1ee7i<\/span> xoa d\u1ecbu<\/span> n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n con. <\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u00ec B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> Quan \u00c2m<\/span> c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nam hay n\u1eef, d\u00e2n hay quan, k\u1ebb \u00e1c hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n…\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, c\u1ea7u Ng\u00e0i c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00f2ng hi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb<\/span> v\u00e0 bao dung<\/span> \u1ea5y, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span> g\u1ecdi Ng\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i t\u00ean th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft<\/span> l\u00e0 \u201cM\u1eb9 Hi\u1ec1n Quan \u1ea4m\u201d hay \u201cPh\u1eadt B\u00e0 Quan \u00c2m\u201d, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i<\/span>, t\u1eeb th\u1ecb<\/span> th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4n qu\u00ea, t\u1eeb non cao \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc hi\u1ec3m nguy.<\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> Quan \u00c2m<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> bao la<\/span>, d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/span> h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> phi \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> l\u00fd: \u201ctr\u1ecdng nam khinh n\u1eef\u201d c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> n\u00f3i chung, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> Ni gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3<\/span> trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> cho th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> \u201ctr\u1ecdng nam khinh n\u1eef\u201d. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i<\/span> cho gi\u1edbi n\u1eef, \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> gi\u1edbi n\u1eef ngang b\u1eb1ng nam gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Hy v\u1ecdng<\/span> r\u1eb1ng qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i<\/span>. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> Quan \u00c2m<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u2013 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> t\u1eeb bi<\/span> c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> x\u00f3a b\u1ecf<\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u201ctr\u1ecdng nam khinh n\u1eef\u201d c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh<\/span>, r\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang n\u0103m K\u1ef7 S\u1eedu<\/span><\/p>\n

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[1] Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span> theo \u0111\u1ea1o Hindu \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 thi\u00eau<\/span> s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed3ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng may b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fd do<\/span> g\u00ec.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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[2] HT. Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span> d\u1ecbch, \u201cKinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng<\/span> B\u1ed9\u201d t\u1eadp 1, Vi\u1ec7n NCPHVN \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh<\/span>, 1993, trang 194.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[3] HT. Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span> d\u1ecbch, \u201cKinh T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9\u201d, t\u1eadp 3, Vi\u1ec7n NCPHVN \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh<\/span>, 1996, trang 653 (T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span> Ananda b\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>: N\u1eef nh\u00e2n<\/span> sau khi xu\u1ea5t gia\u2026c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3<\/span> g\u00ec? N\u00e0y Ananda, sau khi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>, s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>, trong ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt do Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span>, n\u1eef nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u<\/span>, Nh\u1ea5t Lai<\/span>, B\u1ea5t Lai<\/span> hay A La H\u00e1n qu\u1ea3<\/span>.)<\/span><\/p>\n

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[4] \u201cT\u1ef3 Ni M\u1eabu Kinh\u201d(\u6bd8\u5c3c\u6bcd\u7d93), (CBETA, T24, no. 1463, p. 818, b16-c6). Trong kinh n\u00e0y, T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ca Di\u1ebfp<\/span> qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch<\/span> A Nan<\/span>: v\u00ec A Nan<\/span> xin Ph\u1eadt cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>, n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span> g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i 10 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng may, nh\u01b0 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> cho n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span> b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc 500 n\u0103m. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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