{"id":7254,"date":"2020-12-02T06:16:44","date_gmt":"2020-12-01T23:16:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/02\/tue-sanh-dinh\/"},"modified":"2020-12-02T06:16:44","modified_gmt":"2020-12-01T23:16:44","slug":"tue-sanh-dinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/02\/tue-sanh-dinh\/","title":{"rendered":"Tu\u1ec7 Sanh \u0110\u1ecbnh"},"content":{"rendered":"

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TU\u1ec6 SANH \u0110\u1ecaNH<\/b><\/span><\/span>S\u1ed5 Tay H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn Tu T\u1eadp<\/span> Ph\u00e1p Thi\u1ec1n C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/b>
T\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3<\/span>: Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0<\/span> Maha Boowa \u00d1anaasampanno
Nguy\u00ean T\u00e1c Anh Ng\u1eef: H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> Acariya Pa\u00f1\u00f1avaddho
Chuy\u1ec3n Ng\u1eef<\/span>: Nh\u1ea5t Nh\u01b0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

\u201cM\u00f3n qu\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o<\/span> l\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u201d
\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua b\u00e1n<\/span> nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u1edf x\u00f3m ch\u1ee3
\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 do<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> xin gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p.
T\u00e1i b\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u00e0o v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m.
www.forestdhamma.org<\/p>\n

M\u1ee4C L\u1ee4C<\/span><\/b>
1.\u00a0Gi\u1edbi
2.\u00a0\u0110\u1ecbnh 1
3.\u00a0\u0110\u1ecbnh 2
4.\u00a0\u0110\u1ecbnh 3
5.\u00a0Tu\u1ec7
6.\u00a0Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span>: Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> Maha Boowa t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span> d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3, H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ngPa\u00f1\u00f1avaddho<\/p>\n

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L\u1edcI GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U<\/span> C\u1ee6A D\u1ecaCH GI\u1ea2<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\"tue-sanh-dinh\"

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Nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span> trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> \u201cTu\u1ec7 Sanh \u0110\u1ecbnh\u201d v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef y nguy\u00ean<\/span> b\u1edfi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng Anh ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c t\u1eeb\u00a0n\u00e0y. Hy v\u1ecdng<\/span> r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3<\/span> s\u1ebd h\u1ef7 x\u1ea3<\/span> b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span> h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u thay v\u00ec l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m<\/span>.Tuy v\u1eady, ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span> kh\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u1edf ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span>, bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt<\/span> s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Hy v\u1ecdng<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> xa x\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai xa th\u1eb3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp<\/span> s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3n sanh.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nguy\u1ec7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> n\u00e0y s\u1ebd g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c<\/span> t\u1eeb\u00a0n\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u1ef3 Kheo<\/span> Pa\u00f1\u00f1avaddho <\/span><\/p>\n

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Thi\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n<\/span> Baan Taad Forest, n\u0103m 2003 <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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GI\u1edaI (SILA)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Gi\u1edbi (Sila)\u2026 \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> s\u1ef1 \u201cph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt\u201d (Kanoon)[1] tr\u00ean th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd<\/span> qua t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u00ean t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span> k\u1ebft giao<\/span> v\u1edbi k\u1ebb hay \u201cph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt\u201d, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba<\/span> b\u1edfi gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai tin h\u1ecd c\u1ea3. Tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi giao ti\u1ebfp d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t hay hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m x\u1ea5u, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n<\/span> v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec<\/span> s\u1ef1 y\u00ean \u1ed5n<\/span> l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span>. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i b\u1edfi h\u1ecd khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng<\/span> h\u1ecd, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span> hung d\u1eef ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ef1c ch\u1edd c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1eafn ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Cho n\u00ean Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/span> cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y, duy tr\u00ec<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> g\u00e2y ra ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span>, ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c<\/span> qua thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 tin mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> trong c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t<\/span> v\u00e0 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf nhoi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Gi\u1edbi (Sila) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u0169 Gi\u1edbi<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, B\u00e1t Gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u00e0 Th\u1eadp Thi\u1ec7n<\/span> Gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 227 gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean duy tr\u00ec<\/span> th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span>, tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ng\u0169 Gi\u1edbi<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. H\u1ecd n\u00ean gi\u1eef c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch qua m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb sa ng\u00e3<\/span> khi h\u1ecd g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c<\/span> ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/span> ho\u1eb7c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i<\/span>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p, trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty ho\u1eb7c trong d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef Ng\u0169 Gi\u1edbi<\/span>, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span> nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 tin c\u1eady<\/span> nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi giao d\u1ecbch b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng giao d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c. D\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1eabn l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng<\/span> kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec khi h\u1ecd duy tr\u00ec<\/span> Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> Dhamma trong tr\u00e1i tim h\u1ecd –\u00a0nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch l\u00eca t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 Ph\u00e1p (Dhamma) trong h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 Gi\u1edbi, n\u00ean m\u1ed7i khi h\u1ecd ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> Dhamma trong h\u1ecd , b\u1edfi v\u00ec\u00a0Dhamma li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00e2m v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi (sila) li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> v\u1edbi th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m\u2026 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m lu\u00f4n s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> Dhamma trong n\u00f3, th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd<\/span> nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> trong s\u1ea1ch<\/span> v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thanh t\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n<\/span> kh\u1ea9u \u00fd bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9<\/span> qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 Dhamma trong t\u00e2m h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> trong m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn<\/span> t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u2026 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau m\u1ebfn trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e2m theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tuy v\u1eady v\u1eabn t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> qua th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd<\/span> c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i (savaka). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh<\/span> vi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 cao nh\u00e3, lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ao \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00f4i l\u00fac, tuy v\u1eady, c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c \u201cb\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu\u201d v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span>, giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do<\/span> t\u1ea1i sao h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>, giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i<\/span>, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span> ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng<\/span> n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i<\/span> cho nhau. Nh\u01b0ng ngo\u00e0i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng<\/span> ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span> trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh<\/span> h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd<\/span> theo l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng<\/span> h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed7i khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n<\/span> v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 ch\u00fat thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t<\/span> trong h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi<\/span>, n\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> kh\u00f4ng g\u1ea5p r\u00fat<\/span> c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n<\/span> ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh theo th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng s\u1edbm\u00a0b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5<\/span> trong s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9<\/span>, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/span> s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span> t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>, n\u1ebfu gi\u1edbi (sila), v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span> thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t<\/span> \u1edf c\u1ea3 v\u1ee3 l\u1eabn ch\u1ed3ng th\u00ec h\u1ecd thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 tin c\u1eady<\/span> l\u1eabn nhau. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sanh nghi<\/span> v\u1ea5n ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ed m\u1eadt<\/span>. N\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y th\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> trong t\u00e2m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00edn m\u00f9i v\u00e0 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 lo \u00e2u<\/span>. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>, s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con c\u00e1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed chia r\u1ebd b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> s\u1ed1ng l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1edbm th\u00ec mu\u1ed9n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng<\/span> b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed5 b\u00f9ng<\/span> trong s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd v\u00e0 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i<\/span>. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb r\u1edbt xu\u1ed1ng b\u1ec3 ra v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e0n ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span>. Cho n\u00ean, n\u1ebfu th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh<\/span>, r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> l\u00e0 n\u00f3 n\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo<\/span> ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/span> m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c\u2026 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> nguy\u00ean l\u00fd s\u1ef1<\/span> th\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y t\u1eeb th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5?<\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> t\u1eeb\u00a0m\u1ed9t bhikkhu (tu s\u0129<\/span>) ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb\u00a0m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/span> trong Wat (thi\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n<\/span>) ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span>. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span> v\u00e0 \u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> trong ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span> v\u00e0 cao nh\u00e3, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u01b0 x\u1eed<\/span> theo t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> kh\u00e1c, tr\u00e1nh \u0111i nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> trong c\u00e1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. <\/span><\/p>\n

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L\u00fd do<\/span> t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u1ea9y sinh qua t\u00e2m v\u00e0 qua l\u1ed1i c\u01b0 x\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0,<\/span><\/p>\n

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Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/span>: N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sanh t\u1eeb \u201cb\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc b\u00ean tr\u00ean.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u1ee9 hai: N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i<\/span>, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u1ea9n s\u0129<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y\u2026 v\u00e0 sau khi h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span> t\u1eeb\u00a0c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i, l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tu t\u1eadp<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> tr\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> trong ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> m\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0o n\u00f3 c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span>. C\u1ea3 hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> tr\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang<\/span> ta v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> ta trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd duy tr\u00ec<\/span> s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span> trong c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e2n h\u1eefu<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec<\/span> Ng\u0169 Gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u00e0 khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eb1m trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim trong s\u1ea1ch<\/span> thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u1edbi B\u00e1t gi\u1edbi<\/span>, Th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 227 gi\u1edbi, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> tr\u00ean Ng\u0169 Gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xa h\u01a1n<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> cao h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai, trong s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> duy tr\u00ec<\/span> gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m, gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t<\/span> t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy tr\u00ec<\/span> Ng\u0169 Gi\u1edbi<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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N\u00f3i t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span>, gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> \u1edf m\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/span> t\u00ednh \u201cph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt\u201d trong h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> \u201cb\u00ecnh an\u201d v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i tim h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i<\/span>. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ta giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy tr\u00ec<\/span> gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span> th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m<\/span> ho\u1eb7c hung \u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t.\u00a0H\u1ecd lu\u00f4n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed5<\/span> h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 m\u01b0u g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gian<\/span> n\u00e0y m\u1ed7i khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u01b0 duy<\/span> l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> d\u00e0nh cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n quan s\u00e1t<\/span> lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i trong nh\u00e0 ta th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt t\u1ecfa kh\u1eafp v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ta n\u00ean lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ta ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> t\u1ed1t, t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp<\/span> v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec9nh l\u1ef5 c\u1ee7a ta, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> t\u1ed1t trong ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> m\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf<\/span>. H\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ecaNH 1<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n (kammathana-dhammas) l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3<\/span> \u201cph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m.T\u00e2m<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi kammathan ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi<\/span> \u201cph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt\u201d su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1eeb tu\u1ed5i \u1ea5u th\u01a1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> gi\u00e0 nua<\/span>, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi k\u1ebb ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3<\/span>, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh<\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb ngu si<\/span>, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c cao trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9, k\u1ebb \u0111i\u1ebfc, b\u1ecb t\u00ea li\u1ec7t t\u00e0n t\u1eadt, th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf tu\u1ed5i \u201cph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt\u201d. T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng<\/span>.\u00a0H\u1ecd lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span> n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u00e0 khi h\u1ecd ch\u1ebft, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u2026 nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e1nh, hoa tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, c\u00e2y\u00a0ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u1eabn h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. <\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> tai h\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u201cph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m thi\u1ebfu Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span> (Dhamma) l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh<\/span> cho n\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed d\u00f9 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sanh qua s\u1ef1 \u201cph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/span> n\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> m\u00e0 ta (nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean<\/span>) \u0111ang tham d\u1ef1<\/span> vai tr\u00f2<\/span>, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 \u201cph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt\u201d, khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ecaNH<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2013 C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u201cph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt\u201d. T\u00e2m, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng \u201cthu\u1ed1c\u201d v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 kammathania. T\u00ednh \u201cph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> trong h\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n chinh ph\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u00ednh \u201cph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt\u201d trong t\u00e2m h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> th\u00fac \u00e9p t\u00e2m h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c\u2026 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 kammathana. <\/span><\/p>\n

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D\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n t\u00e2m trong Dhamma v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p<\/span> n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y theo<\/span> \u00fd mu\u1ed1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00e2m hay th\u00edch s\u1ef1 \u201cph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt\u201d nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3i theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e2m mang Dhamma v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh<\/span> n\u00f3. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Dhamma l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh<\/span> t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kammathana.<\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i lo\u1ea1i kammathanan-dhammas kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u0103n c\u01a1<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

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1. 10 Kasina: 10 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung. <\/span><\/p>\n

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2.10 Asubha: 10 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> (Qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh<\/span>). Qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eed thi<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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3.10 Anussati: 10 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t kh\u00e1c nhau. <\/span><\/p>\n

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4.The 4 Brahmavihara: T\u1ee9 Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, T\u1eeb, Bi, H\u1ef7, X\u1ea3. <\/span><\/p>\n

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5.1 Aharapatikkulasa\u00f1\u00f1a: T\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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6. 1 Catudhatuvavatthana: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea1i<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

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7. 4 Arupa: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n T\u1ee9 Thi\u1ec1n<\/span> V\u00f4 S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> trong \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m<\/span>: <\/span><\/p>\n

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1. Qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, bao g\u1ed3m<\/span>: Kesa (T\u00f3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u), loma (l\u00f4ng tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi), nakha (m\u00f3ng tay), danta (r\u0103ng), taco (da), v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span>. Nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cN\u0103m Kammathanas\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

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2. Qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u201d, \u201cPh\u00e1p\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cT\u0103ng\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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3. Anapanasati: \u00dd th\u1ee9c<\/span> h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> ra v\u00e0o. <\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u01a1<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u0103n c\u01a1<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i Kammathan c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf<\/span> h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> m\u00e0 h\u1ecd n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>. Khi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u0103n c\u01a1<\/span> c\u1ee7a ta, ta n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u00f3 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> (parikamma), th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 \u201ckesa\u201d (t\u00f3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u). Ta n\u00ean l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i qua \u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn l\u1eafm, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac ta n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00f3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u. Tuy v\u1eady, ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 duy<\/span> ri\u00eang n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ta ph\u1ea3i l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> n\u00e0y theo c\u00e1ch t\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e2m thanh<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft t\u00e2m v\u00e0 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh v\u00e0 v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng<\/span>. Ta n\u00ean li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi t\u00e2m tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>, ta n\u00ean duy tr\u00ec<\/span> \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> hay bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a\u00a0Kammanahana. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp b\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u201ckesa\u201d, ta n\u00ean duy tr\u00ec<\/span> \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> hay bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ta. N\u1ebfu ta \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt \u201cBuddho\u201d, Ph\u00e1p \u201cDhammo\u201d ho\u1eb7c T\u0103ng \u201cSangho\u201d, ta n\u00ean thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> tri\u00a0ki\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 trong t\u00e2m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> (kammatthanas), \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ta n\u00ean l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt \u201cBuddho\u201d (hay Ph\u00e1p \u201cDhammo\u201d, hay T\u0103ng \u201cSangho\u201d ) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> ng\u1eebng x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> Ph\u1eadt (Buddho) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft\u201d, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> (kammatthana) Ph\u1eadt \u201cBuddho\u201d. Anapanasati Bhavana (Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span>) \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 bao h\u00e0m trong s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> (sati) c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> v\u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> ra.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span>, ta n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> tr\u00ean m\u0169i ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean v\u00f2m h\u1ecdng. Ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp<\/span> n\u00e0y n\u00ean ng\u1eadm mi\u1ec7ng<\/span> l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> kh\u00ed v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qua v\u00f2m h\u1ecdng[2]. Nh\u01b0ng tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/span> m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t ngay \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 khi h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> \u0111i ra khi n\u00f3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 th\u00f4 s\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a ta. Tu t\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean tinh th\u00f4ng<\/span>, v\u00e0 trong h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> v\u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> ra tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00e0ng thanh nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 thanh nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n, ta s\u1ebd gia t\u0103ng<\/span> s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> v\u00e0 tri\u00a0ki\u1ebfn<\/span> b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> v\u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> ra, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi xem ra<\/span> h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa ng\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c huy\u1ec7t \u0111an \u0111i\u1ec1n<\/span> (solar plexus)[3]. Sau kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> n\u00e0y, ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a ta tr\u00ean h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> tr\u00ean m\u0169i ho\u1eb7c v\u00f2m h\u1ecdng, ho\u1eb7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i<\/span> h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Khi \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> Ph\u1eadt \u201cBuddho\u201d c\u00f9ng l\u00fac<\/span> v\u1edbi h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> v\u00e0o ra, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u201cc\u00e1i th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn \u201cc\u00e1i th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft\u201d n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> v\u1edbi h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span>. Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi t\u00e2m.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Sau khi tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> h\u01a1n v\u1edbi h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span>, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span> ta t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span>, ta n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa ng\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c huy\u1ec7t (trung) \u0111an \u0111i\u1ec1n<\/span>. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>. Ta n\u00ean thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> trong t\u1eebng m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc khi n\u00f3 ra ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0o, d\u00f9 ng\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c d\u00e0i cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi ta th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> l\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean gia t\u0103ng<\/span> s\u1ef1 thanh nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i h\u01a1i th\u1edf\u2026 v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> l\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> thanh nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 vi t\u1ebf<\/span> nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed3ng quy<\/span> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, ta n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd tr\u00ean h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> lo l\u1eafng<\/span> l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, b\u1edfi tr\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> khi n\u00f3 v\u00e0o v\u00e0 khi n\u00f3 ra, ng\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m tr\u1edf n\u00ean vi t\u1ebf<\/span> h\u01a1n. <\/span><\/p>\n

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[4]Khi ta \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> vi t\u1ebf<\/span> nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1ebd r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1<\/span>, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb<\/span>, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m\u2026 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> n\u00e0o v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u<\/span> n\u00e0o. Ngay c\u1ea3 d\u00f9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 n\u1eefa v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tri\u00a0ki\u1ebfn<\/span> ri\u00eang t\u00e2m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb<\/span> (ekaggatarammata). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (\u0110\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> qu\u00e1n h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span>) Anapanasati Kammatthana, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp<\/span>, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 ai tu t\u1eadp<\/span> n\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> thi\u1ec1n (parikamma bhavana); b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kammatthanas \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u00e2m v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>, ta s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. \u0110\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh v\u00e0 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span> sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 t\u00e2m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m n\u00e0o, b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu cho t\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Khi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/span> trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd<\/span> c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span> th\u00e2m s\u00e2u<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> n\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 khi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kammatthana n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p kammatthana c\u00f3 l\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, t\u00f3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u00f4ng tr\u00ean th\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c m\u00f3ng tay, r\u0103ng, da, th\u1ecbt, l\u00f2ng ru\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1t, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n\u2026 B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> qua t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0 khi ta \u0111ang nh\u00ecn n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ta. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, ta n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong t\u00e2m ta, v\u00e0 ta c\u00e0ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3, duy tr\u00ec<\/span> n\u00f3 trong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3 trong t\u00e2m ta th\u00ec c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft<\/span> trong t\u00e2m ta, ta ph\u1ea3i tri \u00e2n<\/span> n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 nh\u1eddm t\u1edfm c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea7n trong th\u00e2n, c\u1ea3 ngo\u00e0i l\u1eabn trong. Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec chia th\u00e2n ra th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n, ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a theo \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ta l\u1ea5y t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> t\u00f3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u00f4ng tr\u00ean th\u00e2n, th\u1ecbt, x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span>, v\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t ch\u00fang \u0111ang m\u1ee5c r\u1eefa ho\u1eb7c tan r\u00e3, b\u1ecb h\u1ecfa thi\u00eau<\/span> ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang b\u1ecb k\u00ean k\u00ean ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea1, ch\u00f3 m\u1ed5 th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang \u0111ang tan r\u00e3 th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1<\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc,\u00a0l\u1eeda, v\u00e0 gi\u00f3.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t khi ta c\u00f3 ch\u00fat thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> r\u1ed3i, tu t\u1eadp<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> l\u1edbn lao khi n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m tinh th\u00f4ng<\/span> trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft th\u00e2n<\/span>, cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00e1i g\u00ec trong th\u00e2n, v\u00e0 cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u<\/span> v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n. \u1ea2o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span> (raga tanha), v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u201cph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gia t\u0103ng<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 vi t\u1ebf<\/span>. R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, v\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf qua ch\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang tr\u00f4i qua<\/span> kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa n\u00e0o, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ta kinh s\u1ee3\u00a0ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t<\/span> ta \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Khi m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> tu thi\u1ec1n<\/span> th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi n\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u00e2n h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> nh\u1eddm t\u1edfm ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> s\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5<\/span> v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n<\/span> cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c h\u1ecd b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n\u00a0n\u00f3 khi h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft th\u00e2n<\/span> s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh[5]. <\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> (parikamma bhavana) l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh v\u00e0 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span>. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span> v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nguy hi\u1ec3m[6] v\u1edbi tu\u1ec7. Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span>, v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> n\u00e0o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u0103n c\u01a1<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf qua. <\/span><\/p>\n

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N\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp<\/span>, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng n\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Dhamma s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn an l\u1ea1c<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac\u2026 N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span>, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Do \u0111\u00f3, ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ta v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> ta s\u1ebd trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, v\u1ed1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> cho t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>, do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf<\/span> gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/span> ban s\u01a1<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Thay v\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, ta ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00e0 ta s\u1ebd th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m trong s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp<\/span>, v\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span> Gi\u1edbi (Sila), \u0110\u1ecbnh (Samadhi), v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 (Pa\u00f1\u00f1a) trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> n\u00e0o[7], ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang r\u1eddi b\u1ecf t\u00e2m b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span> (kilesas) s\u00e2n, h\u1eadn, \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span> s\u1ebd tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 trong t\u00e2m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span> ch\u00fang theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/span>. Khi ta t\u01b0 duy<\/span> theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> v\u00e0 tai h\u1ea1i<\/span>, khi\u1ebfn l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span> kh\u1edfi l\u00ean trong t\u00e2m ta. Ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span> l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kia s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn sau, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ee9c th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3\u00a0l\u00e0 l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span> khi ta suy ngh\u0129<\/span> sai l\u1ea1c<\/span>, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o, n\u00f3 sanh kh\u1edfi<\/span> v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ta g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i<\/span> ho\u1eb7c si m\u00ea<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Do v\u1eady, khi \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span>, ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba\u2026 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecbnh qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n\u201d\u2026 b\u1edfi v\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ecaNH II<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec1n<\/span> t\u1eadp l\u00e0 mang \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng trong t\u00e2m. N\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n<\/span> t\u00e2m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> (parikamma), ta ph\u1ea3i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u00e1ch khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c n\u00f3 qua s\u1ef1 \u0111e d\u1ecda<\/span>. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 truy t\u1ea7m<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> m\u00e0 t\u00e2m d\u00ednh m\u1eafc, v\u00e0 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ta, \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span> t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t tu\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> m\u00e0 t\u00e2m hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi quy ph\u1ee5c<\/span> tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> m\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1ecb d\u00ednh m\u1eafc. Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u<\/span> ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con v\u1eadt \u201cph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt\u201d nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy ph\u1ee5c<\/span> \u00fd mu\u1ed1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n n\u00f3. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea7n suy di\u1ec5n<\/span> sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap minh h\u1ecda ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> n\u00e0y.\u1ede m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00e2n c\u00e2y v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh<\/span>. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eb7t n\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 ng\u00e3 theo chi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n. Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y trong r\u1eebng khi m\u00e0 nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ee7a ra v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n c\u00e2y cao kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 d\u00e2y leo, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2y v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 ng\u00e3 theo chi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n. Cho n\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1u phu ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e2y, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb7t b\u1ecf \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc<\/span> m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> n\u01a1i h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> n\u00f3 theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. <\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh<\/span> v\u1edbi hai lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1eafm ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng<\/span> h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 l\u00ea l\u1ebft trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span> h\u1ecd,\u00a0Khi h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u201cBuddho\u201d, Ph\u00e1p \u201cDhammo\u201d hay T\u0103ng, \u201cSangho\u201d, t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c<\/span>, l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tu\u1ec7 (pa\u00f1\u00f1a) v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i\u2026 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u0110\u1ecaNH SANH TU\u1ec6”<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng<\/span> v\u00e0 \u00e1p ch\u1ebf<\/span> t\u00e2m h\u1ecd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch suy ngh\u0129<\/span>. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ch\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/span> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c l\u00fd do<\/span> c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t c\u0103n nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Khi tu\u1ec7 m\u00e8 nheo v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 t\u00e2m (citta) d\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t<\/span>, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u00e2m bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> h\u01a1n kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> m\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9<\/span> , n\u00ean sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e2m s\u1ebd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ph\u1ea3i hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> tu\u1ec7, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <\/span><\/p>\n

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g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “TU\u1ec6 SANH \u0110\u1ecaNH” v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1\u00a0d\u00e0nh cho t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Khi \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng<\/span> qua s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ecbnh sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xa h\u01a1n<\/span> h\u01a1n \u1edf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh cao h\u01a1n. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> l\u00e0 “TU\u1ec6 SANH \u0110\u1ecaNH”. <\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> mu\u1ed1n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> sau c\u00e1c m\u01b0u ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> (l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span>), nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span> Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c khi\u1ebfn \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> ph\u00e1t sanh. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf qua s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. C\u1ea3 hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> mu\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn. <\/span><\/p>\n

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N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c,\u00a0khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1eebng cho ph\u00e9p<\/span> t\u00e2m n\u1eafm b\u1eaft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span> qua s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> thay v\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec<\/span> t\u00e2m ngay \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh Ph\u00e1p (Dhamma) m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m<\/span> duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Khi c\u00f3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span> li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> qua s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span> sau khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n xong. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y sai khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng xem x\u00e9t<\/span> s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span> ho\u1eb7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n<\/span> l\u00e0 tri\u00a0ki\u1ebfn<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u00e0o ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua thi\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. <\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span> b\u00ean tr\u00ean: N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb\u00a0m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p (Dhamma) m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng ch\u1ec9 qua c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> tu\u1ec7, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 x\u1ea3o kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> n\u00ean d\u00f9ng tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t qua s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> n\u1eb1m trong c\u1ea3 hai (\u0110\u1ecbnh sanh tu\u1ec7, v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 sanh \u0111\u1ecbnh) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ecaNH T\u0128NH v\u00e0 TU\u1ec6, s\u1ebd dung ch\u1ee9a s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ecaNH III<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ecaNH\u00a0l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u201cs\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh\u201d. C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n

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1. Khanika Samadhi \u2013 (S\u00e1t Na \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/span>)\u00a0T\u00e2m tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n giao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> ng\u1eafn sau khi xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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2. Upacara Samadhi \u2013 (C\u1eadn \u0110\u1ecbnh)\u00a0Theo l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> d\u1ea1y, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 S\u00e1t-na-\u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n S\u00e1t Na \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/span> (Khanika samadhi). Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u00e2m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

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3. Appana Samadhi \u2013 (An Ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/span>) L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh vi t\u1ebf<\/span>, v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng giao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> d\u00e0i. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> mu\u1ed1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y,\u00a0An Ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/span> (Upacara Samadhi) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span> t\u1eeb\u00a0quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n<\/span> Ph\u00e1p L\u00e2m<\/span>[8].<\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong C\u1eadn \u0110\u1ecbnh (Upacara Samadhi) khi t\u00e2m r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng duy tr\u00ec<\/span> trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> n\u1eeda v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00f4i l\u00fac, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec sanh kh\u1edfi<\/span> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> (nimitta), c\u00f3 l\u00fac t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fac x\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> (nimitta) s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh<\/span> gi\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/span> th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i<\/span>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> t\u1eeb\u00a0lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00f4i l\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t<\/span> h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh<\/span> gi\u1ea3 \u0111ang n\u1eb1m ch\u1ebft , c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb\u00a0s\u00ecnh l\u00ean v\u00e0 tan r\u00e3 hay c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u1eed thi<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 l\u00fac n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c n\u1eafm x\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb1m vung v\u00e3i ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eed thi<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> duy tr\u00ec<\/span> l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> trong s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> qua m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ni\u1ec7m- v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 (sati-pa\u00f1\u00f1a) khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u1edbi n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> v\u00e0 C\u1eadn \u0110\u1ecbnh (Upacara Samadhi) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nguy h\u1ea1i cho t\u00e2m v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y b\u1edfi v\u00ec lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ra, m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>[9] t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ra nh\u01b0 \u0111ang ch\u00e9m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> b\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfm, ho\u1eb7c \u0103n h\u1ecd. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nguy h\u1ea1i trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/span> t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u00a0Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t\u2026 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3<\/span> xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/span> c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3\u2026 H\u1ecd c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3<\/span> th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span> thay, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u00ean.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh<\/span> gi\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> b\u00ean trong ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh<\/span> gi\u1ea3, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn<\/span> v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/span>, Pretas, Bhutas (h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft), con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u1ea7n<\/span>, Indra, ho\u1eb7c Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span> (Brahma) b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0o v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> trao \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m. Khi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady x\u1ea3y ra, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eafn[10] t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> k\u00e9o d\u00e0i bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00f4i l\u00fac, tuy v\u1eady, ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean di\u1ec7t \u0111i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> kh\u00e1c sanh kh\u1edfi<\/span> ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u00ec mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n<\/span> d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eafn. Khi n\u00f3 di\u1ec7t \u0111i v\u00e0 t\u00e2m r\u00fat lui, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00e2m duy tr\u00ec<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung bao l\u00e2u trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, khi xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng\u00a0n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span> v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111ang m\u01a1, khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c<\/span>, t\u00e2m th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u1ea1nh. Nh\u01b0ng khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> xu\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec<\/span> trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> ra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> qua \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 gia t\u0103ng<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span> v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ng\u1ee7 ngon<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat m\u1ed9ng m\u1ecb, khi h\u1ecd th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea5c<\/span>, th\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong C\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh (Upacara Samadhi), n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> tu\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra l\u1eafm r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i<\/span> v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0\u00a0PH\u00c1P GH\u1eacP GH\u1ec0NH, \u201cBROKEN DHAMMA\u201d, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/span> th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi v\u00e0i kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> kh\u00e1c. Khi C\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh(Uggaha Nimitta) ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> qua t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span> nh\u1ea5t cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> An Ch\u1ec9 ( Panibhaga Nimitta) t\u00f9y theo<\/span> c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7y thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng tu\u1ec7<\/span>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi<\/span> Ariya Sacca (T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf<\/span>). H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> An Ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>, r\u1ed3i th\u00ec sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd xem n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Ariya Sacca (T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf<\/span>)[11]<\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u1ea3 hai h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh<\/span> gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i<\/span> n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m<\/span> khi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> tu\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp<\/span> v\u1edbi C\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh (Upacara Samadhi). N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span>, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac n\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c<\/span> t\u1eeb\u00a0n\u00f3. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, C\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh (Upacara Samadhi) nh\u01b0 sau: <\/span><\/p>\n

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\n
    <\/p>\n
  1. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> ph\u00e1t sanh qua t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u00ean trong\u201d v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> An ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> (Panibhaga Nimitta) nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. <\/span><\/li>\n

    <\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
      <\/p>\n
    1. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> sanh kh\u1edfi<\/span> do c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/span>. N\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng xa h\u01a1n<\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p<\/span> t\u00e2m ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i<\/span> h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> (nimitta) v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra. Sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n

      <\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch b\u1edfi n\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i \u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ph\u1ea3i khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o v\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00fay<\/span> khi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> (nitmittas) kh\u00e1c nhau sanh kh\u1edfi<\/span> qua C\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh (Upacara Samadhi) v\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Tam T\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> (Tilakkana: V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3<\/span>) khi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span>[12]. Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i<\/span> n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Tuy v\u1eady, n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u00e0 khi ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra, d\u00f9 bao l\u00e2u \u0111i n\u1eefa, t\u00e2m v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec<\/span> trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> t\u1eadp trung, kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cTU\u1ec6 SANH \u0110\u1ecaNH\u201d. V\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> n\u00e0y, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi t\u00e2m r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u1edfi<\/span> d\u00f9 h\u1ecd duy tr\u00ec<\/span> trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> n\u00e0y bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e2u \u0111i n\u1eefa b\u1edfi v\u00ec tu\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh[13] Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed7 \u201cTU\u1ec6 SANH \u0110\u1ecaNH\u201d c\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> b\u1edfi v\u00ec lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m n\u00e0y r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> t\u1eadp trung r\u1ea5t nhanh, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c v\u1ef1c s\u00e2u. H\u1ecd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd thi\u1ebfu c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ecb r\u01a1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e2m r\u01a1i v\u00e0o l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> s\u1ef1 y\u00ean ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 ngay kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 t\u00e2m thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, tu\u1ec7 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1<\/span> (dhatu) v\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> v\u1edbi tu\u1ec7 b\u1edfi v\u00ec tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u201cSong ph\u00e1p) v\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chia t\u00e1ch ra.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> C\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh (Upacara Samadhi).N\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> qua \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9tNoshskcs, \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4 t\u1ebf, b\u1eadc trung ho\u1eb7c vi t\u1ebf<\/span> h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 tu\u1ec7 th\u00f4 t\u1ebf, b\u1eadc trung ho\u1eb7c vi t\u1ebf<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng tu\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 quay \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tu\u1ec7.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3<\/span> xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u1edbi n\u00f3, b\u1edfi v\u00ec khi t\u00e2m r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 y\u00ean ngh\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111ang b\u1ecb d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> g\u00ec khi n\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00ean ngh\u1ec9 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span> n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> mu\u1ed1n, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, khi t\u00e2m xu\u1ea5t ra, tuy v\u1eady n\u00f3 v\u1eabn khao kh\u00e1t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> d\u00f9ng tu\u1ec7\u2026 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> tu\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span> . Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> tuy v\u1eady v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec<\/span> trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> y\u00ean ngh\u1ec9, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tu\u1ec7. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111ang b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec7n ng\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      TU\u1ec6<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> tu thi\u1ec1n<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 th\u00ec h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trau gi\u1ed3i n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u1edbi tu\u1ec7, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau, khai tri\u1ec3n ra v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb t\u00f3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u00f4ng tr\u00ean th\u00e2n, m\u00f3ng tay, r\u0103ng, da, th\u1ecbt, l\u00f2ng ru\u1ed9t, x\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee7y, m\u1eadt, tim, gan, ph\u1ebf, th\u1eadn, ru\u1ed9t gi\u00e0, ru\u1ed9t non, th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> m\u1edbi, th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> c\u0169 (th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau h\u00f3a<\/span>)\u2026v\u00e2n v\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span> ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y qua ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/span> b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1eddm t\u1edfm v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00e9t<\/span>, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd<\/span> ho\u1eb7c d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026 nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 duy<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Trong s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1eddm t\u1edfm v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00e9t<\/span>, v\u00e0 khi ch\u1ebft th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ho\u1eb7c lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y ng\u1eadp nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1eddm t\u1edfm n\u00e0y v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> g\u00ec kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      ANICCA (V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>) \u2013 T\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 – l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      DUKKHA (Kh\u1ed5) \u2013 Gian nan<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5\u2026 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      ANATTA (V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3<\/span>) \u2013 M\u1ecdi ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span> ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u2013 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng<\/span> b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 hy v\u1ecdng<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n n\u00e0y. \u1ea2o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> l\u00e0 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> qua th\u00e2n n\u00e0y. D\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> l\u00e0 d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u00e0o th\u00e2n n\u00e0y. Ly c\u00e1ch<\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> l\u00e0 ly c\u00e1ch<\/span> th\u00e2n n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 ham m\u00ea t\u00ecnh<\/span> y\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ham m\u00ea th\u00e2n n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 khi ch\u1ebft, kho\u00e1c l\u00e1c than van ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi th\u00e2n n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      N\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb l\u00fac ta sinh ra cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> l\u00fac ta ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u1edfi th\u00e2n n\u00e0y. Su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam, lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0n ong x\u00e2y t\u1ed5, t\u00ecm n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n c\u0169ng b\u1edfi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> th\u00e2n n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> l\u1edbn lao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe \u0111ang quay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt v\u00f2ng quanh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd cho ph\u00e9p<\/span> h\u1ecd m\u1edf m\u1eaft<\/span> ra \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111ang thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t h\u1ecd trong trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi, l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm trong m\u1ecdi \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> (Kilesas) cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd kh\u00f3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u1edfi th\u00e2n n\u00e0y. N\u00f3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, to\u00e0n c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang cho th\u00e2n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Tu\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span> ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 khi n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp<\/span> v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> v\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t qua tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e2y? T\u1eeb t\u00e2m<\/span> l\u00e0 l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span>, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u00e2m<\/span> l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7, n\u00ean l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u00e2m v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ef1 ng\u00e3\u201d\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/span> \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang<\/span> n\u00f3 qua tu\u1ec7? V\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o tu\u1ec7 tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 tr\u00ean th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i sao ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> b\u00ean trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> n\u00e0y?<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Khi t\u00e2m qu\u00e1n<\/span> x\u00e9t th\u00e2n theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp b\u00ean tr\u00ean, v\u1edbi tu\u1ec7, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00e1n ch\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/span>. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u<\/span> k\u00edch th\u00edch<\/span> kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c li\u00ean quan<\/span> v\u1edbi th\u00e2n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span> (upadana) \u2013 d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u1edbi th\u00e2n qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u201csamucheddha-pahana\u201d (\u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span>). C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft th\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111ang l\u00e0, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> b\u1edfi y\u00eau v\u00e0 h\u1eadn d\u00e0nh cho th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t ai ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      T\u00e2m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n<\/span> c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 soi r\u00f5 \u201cTh\u00e0nh Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u00e2n\u201d c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang<\/span> h\u1ecd v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh lang ph\u00e2n chia<\/span> th\u00e0nh ba kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 Tam t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> (Ti-lakkana) \u2013 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, v\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1<\/span> (Dhatu) T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> \u2013 \u0110\u1ea5t, N\u01b0\u1edbc, L\u1eeda, Gi\u00f3. V\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n ch\u00e2u th\u00e2n. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ed3n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> trong \u201cTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u00e2n\u201d n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u00e2n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i xem nh\u01b0<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Th\u1ebf<\/span> Gian Gi\u1ea3i \u201cLokavidu\u201d \u2013 b\u1eadc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> trong \u201cTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u00e2n\u201d xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t Tam gi\u1edbi<\/span> (Ti-loka-dhatu) qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u201cYatha-Bhuta-\u00d1anadassana\u201d \u2013 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> th\u00e2n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u1eafc Ph\u00e1p<\/span>, \u201cRupa Dhamma\u201d. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn Tu\u1ec7 Minh<\/span> S\u00e1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi Danh Ph\u00e1p \u201cNama Dhammas\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Danh ph\u00e1p (Nama dhammas) bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang vi t\u1ebf<\/span> h\u01a1n s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span> v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 th\u00e2n. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t ch\u00fang v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang qua l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Vedana \u2013 Th\u1ecd, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> qua t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac v\u00f4 k\u00fd<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Sa\u00f1\u00f1a \u2013 T\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn\u2026 Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean g\u1ecdi, \u00e2m thanh<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 trong Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef\u2026 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Sankhara \u2013 H\u00e0nh , c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy<\/span> ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0 duy<\/span> (t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng) \u2013 nh\u01b0 \u00fd<\/span> ni\u1ec7m thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c; ho\u1eb7c th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u1ed1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Vi\u00f1\u00f1ana \u2013 Th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hay bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, \u00e2m thanh<\/span>, v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c<\/span>, m\u00f9i v\u1ecb<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3nh tr\u1ea7n x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u00fang ngay kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc khi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n danh ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. Ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb\u00a0t\u00e2m<\/span>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang qua t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/span> ch\u00fang c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebb l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span> (maya) c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c che m\u1edd s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t b\u1ed1n danh ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> qua tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Tam t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> (ti-lakkhana), v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> Tam t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> trong ch\u00fang. Tr\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t b\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Danh v\u00e0 trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t tam t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> n\u00e0o (ti-lakkhana) theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n<\/span> th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ee3p n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 tam t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> (ti-lakkhana) \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p (Dhmama) v\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng quan h\u1ec7 l\u1eabn nhau. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c Tam t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> (ti-lakkhana) c\u0169ng s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi u\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 Tam t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, g\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u dung ch\u1ee9a T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf<\/span> (The Noble Truths), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0<\/span> l\u00e0 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang , li\u00ean th\u00f4ng l\u1eabn nhau.[14]<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1edbi danh ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n. B\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ra, duy tr\u00ec<\/span> trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t r\u1ed3i di\u1ec7t \u0111i v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> n\u00ean ch\u00fang c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i xem x\u00e9t<\/span> n\u00f3. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh ngay c\u1ea3 d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc. Trong, ngo\u00e0i, kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i trong m\u1ed7i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> (loka-dhatu), hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u00fang v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u00e0 do v\u1eady kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi khao kh\u00e1t n\u1eafm gi\u1eef c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ea3. Ch\u00fang c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span> r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do<\/span>, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec b\u1ecb \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 g\u1eb7p \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>, tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng<\/span> v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e2m cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u00ednh m\u1eafc. Tuy v\u1eady, d\u1ec5 \u0111i\u1ec3m ra r\u1eb1ng ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> l\u00e0 gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh trong \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span> v\u00e0 sabhava dhammas (t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p) v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh tu\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u<\/span> n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00eca ch\u00fang t\u1eeb trong t\u00e2m v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p (Sabhava dhammas) nh\u01b0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm<\/span> trong \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1eadt t\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p (sabhava dhammas) nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111ang l\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u00e0 tuy v\u1eady v\u1eabn c\u00f3<\/span> th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> t\u1eeb ch\u00fang theo c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i m\u00e0 b\u1ee5i c\u1ecf gai g\u00f3c<\/span> m\u1ecdc l\u00ean, nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/span> cho t\u00f2a cao \u1ed1c, do v\u1eady m\u00e0<\/span> c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> t\u1eeb ch\u00fang theo c\u00e1ch th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1eadt t\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p (sabhava dhammas). <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p (Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p) sinh l\u00ean v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t \u0111i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> t\u00e2m su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi ch\u00fang v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tu\u1ec7 \u0111ang bao tr\u00f9m s\u1ebd t\u1ee9c th\u00ec th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> g\u00ec. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> trong c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n oai nghi<\/span>, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u01a1 \u00fd<\/span> ho\u1eb7c l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft (Dhamma-desana) ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb\u00a0ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9<\/span> qua l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n. Su\u1ed1t m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc<\/span> n\u00f3 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y<\/span> s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1ec1 Tam t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> (ti-lakkhanaa) trong th\u00e2n ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam, v\u00e0 khi \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m, ng\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian<\/span> khi tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> ch\u00edn m\u00f9i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111ang tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> tr\u00ean Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft (Dhamma-desanas) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tu s\u0129<\/span> tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> nh\u1ea5t. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u1ede tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp<\/span> s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> th\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111ang t\u1ef1 ph\u00f4 b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> t\u1eeb c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111ang truy c\u1ee9u<\/span> qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0o ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u2013 C\u00e1c u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u1eeb ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span>, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1edbi t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd qua tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 Tam gi\u1edbi<\/span> (ti-loka-dhatu) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o trong ch\u00fang b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> v\u00e0 khao kh\u00e1t\u00a0(kilesas and tanha) b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1<\/span> m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      L\u1ed1i so s\u00e1nh<\/span> sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u1eadt b\u1ecb \u0103n tr\u1ed9m<\/span> b\u1edfi k\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i v\u1eadt n\u00e0y b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> b\u1edfi li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi<\/span> k\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u tra<\/span> t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng<\/span>, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i v\u1eadt b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t tr\u1ed9m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed3i ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i<\/span> cho ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 an to\u00e0n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m<\/span> n\u00e0o b\u1ecb d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n quan t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i v\u1eadt b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t<\/span> k\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i sau \u0111\u00f3 thu th\u1eadp ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o<\/span> k\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1eaft h\u1ecd, mang h\u1ecd ra t\u00f2a t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. Khi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/span> c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u00ec s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft \u00e1n<\/span> s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed9i theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb li\u00ean quan<\/span> s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho t\u1ef1 do<\/span> nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ee5 \u00e1n. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      H\u00e0nh vi<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u1edbi v\u00f4 minh<\/span> (avijja), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t Tam gi\u1edbi<\/span> kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc sai ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do<\/span> t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/span> v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi<\/span> ch\u00fang b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00e2m, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> n\u1eb1m\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span> (avijja), ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p<\/span> c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cAi l\u00e0 k\u1ebb v\u00f4 minh<\/span> \u0111\u00e2y?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      V\u00f4 minh<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> b\u1ecb \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c y\u00eau v\u00e0 gh\u00e9t b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n s\u00e2u trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span>, \u0111\u00fang th\u1ebf, trong c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, \u00e2m thanh<\/span>, nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n, \u00fd, th\u1ecd, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 trong s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u00e2m. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i y\u00eau v\u00e0 gh\u00e9t trong s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh\u00a0v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t to\u00e0n c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi<\/span> (ti-lokadhatu). <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu<\/span>, v\u00e0 y\u00eau v\u00e0 gh\u00e9t ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb\u00a0to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m n\u1eafm b\u1eaft v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu<\/span> ch\u00fang. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      B\u1edfi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft n\u00e0y, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>, “t\u00e2m v\u00f4 minh” n\u00e0y lang thang trong sinh, l\u00e3o, b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eed, quay v\u00f2ng v\u00f2ng trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp, d\u00f9 th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c cao, thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u00e1c, th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Tam gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> (bhava). <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau di\u1ec5n ra trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span>, tuy v\u1eady t\u00e2m v\u1edbi v\u00f4 minh<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0o t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1nh, thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. T\u00e2m sau \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> trong c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 t\u00e2m (v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>). <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, t\u00e2m d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span> thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh huy\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 do quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh<\/span>, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u01a1n ph\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi<\/span> qua t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> huy\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3\u00a0n\u00e0y, do v\u1eady m\u00e0<\/span> thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1<\/span> nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, sinh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 minh<\/span>) c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span> r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi tu\u1ec7, r\u1eb1ng ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng<\/span> ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> ch\u00ednh, ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh<\/span> l\u00e0 k\u1ebb n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/span>,\u00a0l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> ph\u00e1p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec tu\u1ec7 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/span> nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 “T\u00c2M TH\u1ea4Y BI\u1ebeT”, v\u1ed1n “h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng” v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> sanh kh\u1edfi<\/span> v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span> trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Khi ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> d\u00e0i cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi ch\u00fang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> tinh th\u00f4ng<\/span>, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao v\u00e2y v\u00e0 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t th\u00f4ng qua “trung t\u00e2m l\u1edbn lao” n\u00e0y.\u00a0N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ”c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft” (T\u00e2m bi\u1ebft), \u0111\u1ea7y ng\u1eadp\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng do d\u1ef1<\/span> khi tranh \u0111\u1ea5u<\/span> ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i<\/span> tu\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0ng\u00a0khi v\u00f4 minh<\/span> (avijja) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i “g\u01b0\u01a1m kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng”, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n, n\u00f3 r\u01a1i r\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ngai v\u00e0ng t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 qua h\u1eb1ng mu\u00f4n ki\u1ebfp. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Ch\u1eb3ng s\u1edbm v\u00f4 minh<\/span> b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u00e0 r\u01a1i r\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb t\u00e2m<\/span>, do quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng<\/span> si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a “Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o”, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span> b\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ng\u1ef1 v\u00e0 che m\u1edd b\u1edfi v\u00f4 minh<\/span> trong h\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp<\/span> sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9<\/span> nh\u01b0 “t\u00e0i v\u1eadt b\u1ecb\u00a0m\u1ea5t c\u1eafp”[15], nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span>. Ph\u00e1p (Dhamma) ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9<\/span> nh\u01b0\u00a0\u201cYatha-Bhuta-\u00d1anadassana\u201d \u2013 tri\u00a0ki\u1ebfn<\/span> v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p\u2026 hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb \u1ea9n d\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c che \u0111\u1eady<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Khi v\u00f4 minh<\/span> (vijja), Ch\u00faa T\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00f2ng quay t\u1eed th\u1ea7n<\/span>, b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t<\/span> b\u1edfi v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u201cTr\u00ed tu\u1ec7\u201d\u00a0\u201cPa\u00f1\u00f1a \u00d1ana\u201d. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span> s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9<\/span> v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, nh\u00ecn ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh\u2026 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p (sabhava dhammas), t\u1eeb\u00a0ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u00e1c c\u0103n ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 trong, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> Tam thi\u00ean<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> (ti-loka-dhatu), l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p (Dhamma) hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9<\/span> nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0. Sau \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh kh\u1edfi<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u00f9<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u1eefa.. ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m<\/span> th\u1ecbnh suy<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Cho n\u00ean, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 minh<\/span> (avijja) v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201cth\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o), lu\u00f4n xoay v\u00f2ng t\u00e0n h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 che m\u1edd c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 do v\u1eady ch\u00fang thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u1ec9 qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh<\/span>, th\u1ebf gian<\/span> (loka), c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> ho\u1eb7c x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span> n\u00f3, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp<\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft<\/span> b\u1edfi c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i canh ph\u00f2ng b\u1edfi s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> k\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp<\/span> n\u00e0y n\u1eefa. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      T\u00e2m sau \u0111\u00f3 tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u01b0 ch\u01a1n,\u00a0\u201cYatha-Bhuta-\u00d1anadassana,\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u00e0 tri\u00a0ki\u1ebfn<\/span> n\u00e0y qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1eefa. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh<\/span> (avijja) tan r\u00e3 qua t\u00e2m, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> t\u1ef1 do<\/span> trong t\u01b0 duy<\/span>, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00e2m. M\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span>, s\u1eafc, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span> sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 do<\/span> trong ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i<\/span> ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u1edfi t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra. B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00e2m b\u00e2y gi\u1edd trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p (Dhamma) v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0<\/span>. N\u00f3 v\u00f4 t\u01b0<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u1ebb th\u00f9<\/span> n\u00e0o n\u1eefa. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p trong Tam gi\u1edbi<\/span> (ti-loka-dhatu) \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> an l\u1ea1c<\/span> vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c h\u1ea1nh Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> to\u00e0n tri\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 ki\u1ebfn<\/span> v\u00e0o danh ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00e2m ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> ngay \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n xin l\u1ed7i<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> qua c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb quen thu\u1ed9c<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> n\u00ean th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi C\u1ed5 kinh Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1eb3ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p trong ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, cho n\u00ean h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span> v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p \u0111ang \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u201cOpanayika Dhamma\u201d (Ph\u00e1p h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m) v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span> trong t\u00e2m h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh<\/span> b\u1edfi v\u00ec Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft (Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>) gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe n\u00f3 v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u201cOpanayika\u201d \u2013 N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 mang Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u00e0o trong ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 xin l\u00e0m \u01a1n \u0111\u1eebng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a sinh ra. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> n\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, ho\u1eb7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>.\u00a0Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang v\u1eabn sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Mong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 mong \u00e2n ph\u00fac ban cho<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c nghe \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      C\u1ea3m \u01a1n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n k\u00ea khai<\/span> thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> n\u00e0y, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn<\/span> khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>. B\u1ea3n k\u00ea khai<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span> theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 La m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham<\/span> kh\u1ea3o d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00c3cariya:<\/b> B\u1eadc th\u1ea7y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span> khi \u00e1m ch\u1ec9<\/span> m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Anicca:<\/b> V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i, thi\u1ebfu v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Anapanasati:<\/b> Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> tr\u00ean h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> v\u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> ra. M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Anatta: <\/b>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m duy linh v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u00e1i m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> quy cho ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, sanh kh\u1edfi<\/span> v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> \u201cT\u1ef1 ng\u00e3\u201d trong n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>, th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Appana: <\/b>Th\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp (v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng).<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Ariya:<\/b> Cao qu\u00fd. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Asubha:<\/b> B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh<\/span>. Nh\u1eddm t\u1edfm, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Avijja:<\/b> V\u00f4 minh<\/span>, b\u1ecb che ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Ayatana<\/b>: C\u00e1c c\u0103n, nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n, \u00fd v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Bhava:<\/b> C\u00e1ch c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>. T\u00e1i sinh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Bhavana:<\/b> Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> thi\u1ec1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Bhikkhu: <\/b>T\u0103ng s\u0129, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Bhuta: <\/b>T\u1ed3n h\u1eefu. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ma. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Brahma: <\/b>Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> th\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n<\/span> Hy L\u1ea1p. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, Zeus.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Brahmavihara:<\/b> T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m<\/span>, b\u1ed1n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> l\u00e0 T\u1eeb (metta), Bi (karuna), H\u1ef7 (mudita) v\u00e0 X\u1ea3 (upekkha). <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Buddho:<\/b> \u0110\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Citta:<\/b> Y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n<\/span> trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span> n\u01a1i Ph\u00e1p (Dhamma) v\u00e0 l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span> tr\u00fa x\u1ee9. Trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> Ta B\u00e0<\/span>. N\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t khi l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span> b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Desana:<\/b> Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft; Ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Deva:<\/b> Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> trong Thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/span>, ngay tr\u00ean c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Dhamma: <\/b>Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>. <\/b>Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/span> cao t\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n<\/span> m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Dhatu:<\/b> Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1<\/span>. B\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u0103m c\u0103n nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Dukkha:<\/b> B\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>. \u0110au kh\u1ed5<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Ekaggatarammana:<\/b> B\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb<\/span>. Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Indra:<\/b> M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Jhana: <\/b>C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> thi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> b\u1ed1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span>. <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Kammatthana:<\/b> \u0110\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Karuna:<\/b> Bi. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Kesa:<\/b> T\u00f3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Khandha:<\/b> M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m, nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span>, s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Kilesa:<\/b> L\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span>, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> tham s\u00e2n si<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Lakkhana:<\/b> T\u01b0\u1edbng. Do v\u1eady, Tam t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> l\u00e0 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0Loka:<\/b> Th\u1ebf gian<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Lokavidu:<\/b> B\u1eadc Th\u1ebf gian gi\u1ea3i<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Magga:<\/b> Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span>. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span> d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Maha:<\/b> \u0110\u1ea1i, l\u1edbn, cao t\u1ed9t. \u1ede Th\u00e1i Lan, m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Maya:<\/b> Gi\u1ea3 huy\u1ec5n, Ta B\u00e0<\/span>. \u1ea2o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Metta:<\/b> T\u1eeb ; T\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Nama:<\/b> Danh. B\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00d1ana: Th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft, B\u1ea3n n\u0103ng<\/span> th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft, tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Nibbana:<\/b> M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cD\u1ee9t b\u1eb7t\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Nimitta:<\/b> \u1ea4n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>. Khi h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> trong t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Opanayika:<\/b> H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn. D\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n<\/span> h\u01a1n. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Pa\u00f1\u00f1a:<\/b> Tu\u1ec7. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Parikamma:<\/b> \u0110\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Patibhaga:<\/b> H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> kh\u1edfi l\u00ean trong tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Preta:<\/b> (Pali: Peta); ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, r\u1eddi b\u1ecf, m\u1ed9t con ma. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Raga:<\/b> \u00c1i d\u1ee5c<\/span>, luy\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Rupa<\/b>: S\u1eafc, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00e2n. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Sabhava:<\/b> T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Sacca:<\/b> Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Samadhi:<\/b> S\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung th\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp trong thi\u1ec1n, s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Samatha:<\/b> \u0110\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Samuccheda-pahana<\/b>: Bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb d\u00ednh m\u1eafc. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Sangha:<\/b> T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n v\u1ecb t\u0103ng s\u0129. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Sankhara:<\/b> T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Sa\u00f1\u00f1a:<\/b> T\u01b0\u1edfng. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Sasana: <\/b>T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Sati:<\/b> Ni\u1ec7m. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Savaka: <\/b>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ednh ph\u00e1p, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Sila:<\/b> Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>. \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Tanha:<\/b> \u00c1i d\u1ee5c<\/span>. Ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Thera:<\/b> Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda<\/span>, tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o<\/span>. V\u1ecb tu s\u0129<\/span> s\u1ed1ng trong t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Ti-bhava: <\/b>Ba <\/b>tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>. <\/b>D\u1ee5c, s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Ti-lakkhana: <\/b>Ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>, V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Ti-loka-dhatu: <\/b>Tam gi\u1edbi<\/span>. V\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Uggaha: <\/b>H\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span>. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> (nimitta) kh\u1edfi l\u00ean trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Upacara: <\/b>L\u00fac v\u00e0o c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Approach, access.The name of the second stage of samadhi.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Upadana:<\/b> D\u00ednh m\u1eafc, b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Vedana:<\/b> Th\u1ecd. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Vihara: Tr\u00fa x\u1ee9<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Vi\u00f1\u00f1ana:<\/b> Th\u1ee9c. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Vipassana: <\/b>Minh S\u00e1t<\/span>, tu\u1ec7 Minh<\/span> S\u00e1t th\u00e2m s\u00e2u<\/span> v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0trong vi\u1ec7c \u201c\u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb\u201d \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 ki\u1ebfn<\/span> kh\u1edfi l\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Yatha-Bhuta-\u00d1anadassana: <\/b>Tu\u1ec7 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      L\u1eddi T\u00e1n Th\u00e1n<\/span> C\u1ee7a H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> Acariya Maha Boowa<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      V\u1ec1 D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3, H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> Acariya Pa\u00f1\u00f1avaddho (1925 – 2004)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \"acariya_pa__avaddho\"

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tu s\u0129<\/span> T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n<\/span> Baan Taad Forest Monastery t\u1eeb khi ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 s\u00f9ng t\u00edn<\/span> v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u0103ng s\u0129 n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd lu\u00f4n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y Acariya Pa\u00f1\u00f1avaddho d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span> gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1<\/span> Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1i lan \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u0103ng s\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh<\/span> l\u00ean Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Acariya Pa\u00f1\u00f1avaddho t\u1ecbch v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m, ng\u00e0y 18 ,2004 v\u00e0o l\u00fac 8:30 am s\u00e1ng. Thi\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n<\/span> Baan Taad Forest Monastery \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c<\/span> r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u qua s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.\u00a0B\u1eadc th\u1ea7y Acariya Pa\u00f1\u00f1avaddho c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng<\/span> r\u00e3i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. M\u1ed7i khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y\u2026 d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe, xe l\u1eeda, m\u00e1y bay ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t phi thuy\u1ec1n\u2026 ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf<\/span> t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec ng\u00e0i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u\u00a0nguy\u00ean l\u00fd l\u00e0 ch\u00fang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh<\/span>. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb l\u00fang t\u00fang<\/span> khi \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u01b0u lo\u00e1t.\u00a0Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 xe c\u1ee7a ai b\u1ecb h\u01b0 trong thi\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n<\/span>, B\u1eadc th\u1ea7y Acariya Pa\u00f1\u00f1avaddho l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span> s\u1eeda ch\u1eeda ngay \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e1i xe v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 treo tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111eo tay, m\u00e1y thu \u00e2m v\u00e0 radio. Nh\u1eefng ai trong thi\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda ch\u1eeda m\u00e1y m\u00f3c th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eadc th\u1ea7y Acariya Pa\u00f1\u00f1avaddho gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u2013 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do<\/span> t\u1ea1i sao m\u00e0 t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng Thi\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n<\/span> Baan Taad Forest Monastery g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c<\/span> qua s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i trong qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch. Tr\u00ean tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00e2m s\u00e2u<\/span> h\u01a1n,\u00a0Acariya Pa\u00f1\u00f1avaddho ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng<\/span> t\u00e0i ba. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e3nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn<\/span> v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n<\/span> Baan Taad Forest Monastery. Qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u1edbn lao cho Thi\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. T\u00e0i n\u0103ng<\/span> k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng<\/span> thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> qua c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n<\/span> kh\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd. L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> lu\u00f4n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Acariya Pa\u00f1\u00f1avaddho t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c phong \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc tu tr\u00ec<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u00e2m linh<\/span> m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span>. Khi ng\u00e0i qua \u0111\u1eddi, ng\u00e0i ra \u0111i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m<\/span> v\u00f4 song<\/span>. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> t\u00f4i g\u00e1nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> lo l\u1eafng<\/span> s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ecdi h\u1eadu s\u1ef1 cho ng\u00e0i. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Acariya Pa\u00f1\u00f1avaddho k\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i nghe l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5<\/span> khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> qu\u00e1 th\u00f4ng minh<\/span> khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c<\/span>, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 ngu si<\/span> khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span> v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>, h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> mang t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t\u2026 t\u00e2m linh<\/span> th\u00ec h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ngu si<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00e0 ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang. Kh\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian<\/span> v\u1edbi tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>. L\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>, c\u00f2n Ph\u00e1p (Dhmama) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> kh\u00e1c. Acariya Pa\u00f1\u00f1avaddho chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh<\/span> s\u1ebd r\u1eddi b\u1ecf th\u1ebf gian<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c<\/span> cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 \u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span> ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9<\/span> s\u1ef1 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa. Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh<\/span> \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ngu mu\u1ed9i<\/span> \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Acariya Pa\u00f1\u00f1avaddho s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> v\u00e0 cao nh\u00e3. Ng\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch. Su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> m\u00e0 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0i, t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch<\/span> ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3\u2026 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd. Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m t\u1ecbch, th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng<\/span> v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. S\u1ef1 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> th\u00e0nh t\u00edn<\/span> kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      C\u00c1C T\u00c1C PH\u1ea8M<\/span> KH\u00c1C C\u1ee6A H\u00d2A TH\u01af\u1ee2NG<\/span> ACARIYA MAHA BOOWA \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C D\u1ecaCH QUA ANH NG\u1eee \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C PH\u00c1T H\u00c0NH T\u1ef0 DO<\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      1. H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u00c3cariya Mun Bh\u00fdridatta Thera \u2014 Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed<\/span> T\u00e2m Linh<\/span> (A Spiritual Biography). Chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/span> b\u1edfi S\u00eflaratano Bhikkhu (Vi\u1ec7t D\u1ecbch 2014)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1:<\/b> Hi\u1ebfu k\u1ef3<\/span> v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span> v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng<\/span> si\u00eau nhi\u00ean<\/span>, B\u1eadc th\u1ea7y \u00c3cariya Mun h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng<\/span> v\u00e0o ngay \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng<\/span> qu\u00e1i g\u1edf th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eadp ch\u1eddn trong gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7: M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n linh<\/span> \u0111en t\u1ed1i<\/span> kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, cao ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0111e d\u1ecda<\/span> s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m m\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ebft, la h\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/span> cho hang \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e2u n\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> quy\u1ec1n uy<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea3 khu v\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p<\/span> b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m<\/span>. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m<\/span> n\u00e0o th\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span> nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 quy\u1ec1n uy<\/span> n\u00e0o l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n n\u00f3, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb b\u1eadc ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span> to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim t\u1eeb bi<\/span> y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ban ph\u00e1t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t cao qu\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>. M\u1ed9t b\u1eadc v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh cao qu\u00ed nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p<\/span> s\u1ed1ng trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1ecb th\u1ea7n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/span> cho ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 quy y<\/span> ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng<\/span> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m<\/span>, h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u00edch k\u1ef7<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c h\u1ea1n\u00a0h\u1eb9p n\u00e0o.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      2.<\/b> H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u00c3cariya Mun\u2019s Pa\u00e5ipad\u00e3: L\u1ed9 Tr\u00ecnh Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1eeba<\/span> Tu T\u1eadp<\/span> C\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i ( His Lineage\u2019s Way of Practice). C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u00c3cariya Mun. Chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/span> b\u1edfi H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u00c3cariya Pa\u00f1\u00f1\u00e3va\u00f0\u00f0ho Thera. (Vi\u1ec7t D\u1ecbch 2014)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1ed9t:<\/b> Khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4\u00ed ch\u1ecdi n\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 quy y<\/span> n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ph\u1ea3i th\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy<\/span> l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. Dhamma qua b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n quy y<\/span> gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa<\/span> nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> quy ph\u1ee5c<\/span> n\u00f3, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quy y<\/span> t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 tr\u00fa \u1ea9n l\u1edbn lao nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec Dhamma ban cho<\/span> c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, ngay t\u1ee9c th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft v\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span> n\u00e0o cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      3. Arahattamagga \u2013 Arahattaphala: L\u1ed9 Tr\u00ecnh Th\u00e0nh T\u1ef1u<\/span> A La\u00a0H\u00e1n Qu\u1ea3<\/span>. T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u1eadc th\u1ea7y Acariya Maha Boowa v\u1ec1 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/span> b\u1edfi T\u1ef3 Kheo<\/span> Silaratano Bhikkhu. (Vi\u1ec7t D\u1ecbch 2012)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      T\u00f4i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/span> t\u00f4i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00fa\u00a0v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t d\u00f9 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110i\u1ec3m tr\u00fa \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Buddo, s\u1ef1 nh\u1edb t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. T\u00f4i khi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> Buddho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fa \u00fd duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.\u00a0T\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00e2m tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> Buddho v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. Buddo tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> ngay c\u1ea3 l\u00fac t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0111ang lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi suy t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n<\/span> ho\u1eb7c sa s\u00fat<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t<\/span> h\u1ebft qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra. T\u00f4i ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft<\/span> kh\u00f4ng nu\u00f4ng chi\u1ec1u theo th\u00f3i quen<\/span> khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu c\u0169 k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>; v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m\u00a0v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> khi s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> \u2013 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o; sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i suy ngh\u0129<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, hy v\u1ecdng<\/span> r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, qua \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>, s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i khi t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u1edbi \u00fd mu\u1ed1n<\/span> mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u00fd<\/span>. T\u00f4i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> mong \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng<\/span> n\u00e3o n\u1ec1<\/span> khi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span>. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>, ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>; m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      4. H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u00c3cariya Khao An\u00e3layo:\u00a0Ti\u1ec3u S\u1eed<\/span> Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng<\/span> Ph\u00e1p L\u00e2m<\/span> (A Forest Meditation Master\u2019s Biography). Chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/span> b\u1edfi\u00a0H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u00c3cariya Pa\u00f1\u00f1\u00e3va\u00f0\u00f0ho Thera (Vi\u1ec7t D\u1ecbch 2013) <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn:<\/b> \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng tu\u1ec7<\/span> nh\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n h\u1eb1ng t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 hai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span> cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi<\/span>. Qu\u00ed v\u1ecb n\u00ean t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t k\u1ebb th\u00f9<\/span> trong qu\u00ed v\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t<\/span>. Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec qu\u00ed v\u1ecb s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9<\/span> t\u00e2m l\u00e0 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1<\/span> v\u00e0 \u01b0u t\u00fa<\/span> nh\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n trong ch\u00ednh qu\u00ed v\u1ecb t\u1eeb h\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y v\u00f4 chung<\/span>. Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111ang d\u1ea1y qu\u00fd v\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> s\u1ef1 d\u1ecd d\u1eabm \u2026 nh\u01b0 g\u00e3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ee9a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u\u2026 b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      C\u00c1C \u1ea4N PH\u1ea8M N\u00c0Y \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C PH\u00c1T H\u00c0NH T\u1ef0 DO<\/span> B\u1edeI:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Forest Dhamma Books <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Baan Taad Forest Monastery <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Baan Taad,Ampher Meung <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Udon Thani 41000 <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Thailand <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed<\/span>, xin v\u00e0o:<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      www.ForestDhamma.org <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      fdbooks@gmail.com <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      A FOREST DHAMMA PUBLICATION <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u201cTuy\u1ec7t Ph\u1ea9m T\u00e2m linh<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u2014 Thomas Merton,Trappist monk and author <\/span><\/p>\n

      ISBN: 974-93253-9-7
      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \n <\/span><\/p>\n

      [1]Outgoing exuberance:\u00a0(Ph\u00f3ngd\u1eadt)\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/span> t\u1eeb thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> Th\u00e1i Lan \u201cKanong\u201d, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cph\u00f3ngd\u1eadt\u201d\u00a0(T\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i-Anh ng\u1eef – Mary Haas). Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y qua ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> l\u1eafm, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f4 b\u00e0y b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span> qua th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0\u00a0\u00fd, li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n<\/span> m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f4 b\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span> c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      [2]Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea3 ra \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> kh\u00ed v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qua tr\u00ean v\u00f2m h\u1ecdng. Nh\u01b0ng tuy v\u1eady, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng<\/span> \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 khi h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> ra va quay tr\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      [3]H\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y (ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn) \u1edf gi\u1eefa ng\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c huy\u1ec7t \u0111an \u0111i\u1ec1n<\/span>, c\u0169ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00f3ng m\u0169i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp<\/span>. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, \u201c\u1edf gi\u1eefa ng\u1ef1c\u201d v\u00e0 \u201chuy\u1ec7t \u0111an \u0111i\u1ec1n\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> ngay cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ta th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang l\u00e0 hai v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> ri\u00eang r\u1ebd, c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m\u00a0\u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span>, ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      [4]N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, xem ra<\/span> t\u00e2m l\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span>, v\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00e2m.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      [5]B\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span> tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> (Kamatthana), m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, tu\u1ec7 c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 V\u00f4th\u01b0\u1eddng, Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eddm t\u1edfm. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c, Anapanasati,c\u1ea7nthi\u1ebft\u0111\u1ec3h\u01b0\u1edbng\u0111\u1ebfnn\u1ed7l\u1ef1cqu\u00e1nx\u00e9tth\u00e2nv\u00e0nh\u01b0th\u1ebf,m\u1ed9tkhi\u0111\u1ecbnhph\u00e1ttri\u1ec3nnh\u01b0ngv\u1edbis\u1ef1ph\u00e1ttri\u1ec3ntu\u1ec7r\u00f5r\u00e0ngl\u00e0m\u1ed9tph\u1ea7nc\u1ee7as\u1ef1tut\u1eadp.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      [6]Nguy hi\u1ec3m:\u00a0C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i nguy h\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span> (kilesas) c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> kinh kh\u1ee7ng<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      [7]C\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Gi\u1edbi (Sila), \u0110\u1ecbnh (Samadhi) v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7\u00a0(Pa\u00f1\u00f1a) \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span> ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n<\/span>, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n Gi\u1edbi (Sila), \u0110\u1ecbnh\u00a0(Samadhi) ho\u1eb7c Tu\u1ec7 (Pa\u00f1\u00f1a) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span> n\u00e0o. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span> trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3<\/span> v\u1edbi h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span> ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 ba theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/span>, ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y theo sau<\/span> ph\u00e1p kia. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      [8] \u201cThi\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1p L\u00e2m\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> theo sau<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u0103ng s\u0129 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qua l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1ch v\u1edf. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Khi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> (nimitta) hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span>, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh<\/span> s\u1ebd xem n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> C\u1eadn \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (Uggaha Nimitta) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> An ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> (Panibhana Nimitta), b\u1edfi v\u00ec kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> n\u00e0y s\u1ebd v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng<\/span> v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      [9]\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> kh\u00e1c. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> m\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> C\u1eadn \u0110\u1ecbnh (Uggaha Nimitta) l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>, c\u00e1i \u201cn\u1ed5i l\u00ean\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Khi H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> C\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ee1 ra trong t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> An Ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/span> (Panibhaga Namitta). Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> th\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> C\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh (Uggaha Nimitta) nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00f3 v\u1ee1 ra v\u00e0 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u01a1 quan<\/span> th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> An Ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/span> (Panibhaga Nimitta). <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      [10]\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb quan<\/span> t\u00f2a, m\u1ed9t ch\u00e1nh \u00e1n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      [11]Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eed thi<\/span> ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf<\/span> ( Dukka Sacca).<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      [12]\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> n\u00ean duy tr\u00ec<\/span> \u201cCon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Trung \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d, tr\u00e1nh m\u1ecdi ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span> c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t<\/span> h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng vui<\/span>. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span> khi n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec7t \u0111i. Qua ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft Tam T\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> (Tilakkana) trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u1ed5n<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      [13]H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> lu\u00f4n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 truy c\u1ee9u<\/span> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh khi n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba<\/span> b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> n\u00e0o ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      [14]\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0o Tam T\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> v\u00e0 Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span>, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      [15] C\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh<\/span>, t\u00e2m l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Khi v\u00f4 minh<\/span> b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t<\/span>, xem t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 “t\u00e0i v\u1eadt b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t c\u1eafp” v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 trung l\u1eadp<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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      [ad_1] TU\u1ec6 SANH \u0110\u1ecaNHS\u1ed5 Tay H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn Tu T\u1eadp Ph\u00e1p Thi\u1ec1n C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadtT\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3: Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 Maha Boowa \u00d1anaasampannoNguy\u00ean T\u00e1c Anh Ng\u1eef: H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Acariya Pa\u00f1\u00f1avaddhoChuy\u1ec3n Ng\u1eef:\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7256,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[104],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-7254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-giai-dap-nghi-hoac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7254","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7254"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7254\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7256"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7254"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7254"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=7254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}