{"id":7262,"date":"2020-12-02T18:48:50","date_gmt":"2020-12-02T11:48:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/02\/tu-tuong-kim-cang-thua\/"},"modified":"2020-12-02T18:48:50","modified_gmt":"2020-12-02T11:48:50","slug":"tu-tuong-kim-cang-thua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/02\/tu-tuong-kim-cang-thua\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Kim Cang Th\u1eeba"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG<\/span> KIM CANG TH\u1eeaA<\/span> <\/b><\/span>
Th\u00edch L\u1ec7 Th\u1ecd<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Nh\u1ea5t c\u00fa<\/span> nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ea7n h\u00e0m t\u01b0 b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n<\/span><\/address>\n
Tam xa<\/span> khai th\u1ecb ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp<\/span> Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba<\/span>.<\/address>\n

I.<\/b> \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/span>:<\/b><\/p>\n

Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eeba<\/span><\/b> (zh. \u91d1\u525b\u4e58, sa. vajray\u0101na<\/i>) l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong kho\u1ea3ng<\/span> th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5 hay th\u1ee9 6 t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>. Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eeba<\/span> b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc: Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span>, Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/span>[1] M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5<\/span> v\u00e0 Nga.<\/p>\n

Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y th\u00eam nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> tu h\u1ecdc<\/span> huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> m\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n. Kinh s\u00e1ch Kim Cang Th\u1eeba<\/span> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p tu luy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tantra[2]<\/b><\/i><\/b>. V\u00e0 hay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> Ch\u00e2n ng\u00f4n<\/span><\/b>[3] do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eeba<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> hay h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> uy\u00ean th\u00e2m<\/span> v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span> B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3-ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a<\/i>, tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3-ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u00e2n<\/i><\/b>\u201d v\u00e0 Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eeba<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cQu\u1ea3<\/i><\/b>\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a T\u00f4ng Kim Cang Th\u1eeba<\/span> th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> m\u00ecnh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/span> th\u1ee9 3 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span><\/i>. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, Kim Cang Th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean<\/span> b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span> m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng<\/span> cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

II. S\u1ef1 H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span><\/b>:<\/p>\n

Theo quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m ba ph\u1ea7n: Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba<\/span>, \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>, Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span><\/i>.<\/p>\n

M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, t\u1ee9c M\u1eadt th\u1eeba hay Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eeba<\/span>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span> ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/span> gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> tu luy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> v\u1edbi Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/i>. Ch\u1eef \u201cM\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 chung c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> b\u00ed truy\u1ec1n<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o<\/span> d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i Veda ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn song h\u00e0nh, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng Veda v\u00e0 Upanishad. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n b\u00ed truy\u1ec1n<\/span>, ngo\u00e0i M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span> \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Jaina\u2026v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u201cn\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u201d. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ta d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, M\u1eadt th\u1eeba (Tantrayana) ho\u1eb7c Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> (Vajrayana) ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd S\u1ef1 S\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i<\/span><\/i><\/b> th\u00ec m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> <\/b>(Nagarjuna) <\/b>600-650 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 s\u01b0<\/span> c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n<\/span>, th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi<\/span> t\u1ea1i Nalanda, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1<\/span> tu 12 n\u0103m \u0111\u1eafc th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u1ea5n t\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> <\/i><\/b>(Mahamudr\u00e0siddhi). \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> l\u00e0 Long Tr\u00ed<\/span> (Nagarboddhi). C\u00f3 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n V\u00f4 \u00day<\/span>. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 7) xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2) \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft Trung Qu\u00e1n lu\u1eadn<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng tin r\u1eb1ng Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/span> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00f3a th\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i Thi\u1ec7n V\u00f4 \u00day<\/span><\/b> (Subh\u0101k\u0101rasi<\/b>\u1e43ha) <\/b>637-735 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng<\/span> truy\u1ec1n sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eebng l\u00e0 vua x\u1ee9 Orrissa v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt (Mahavairocana sutra) ra ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng<\/span> t\u00f4n l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0<\/span>. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt H\u1ea1nh, Huy\u1ec1n Si\u00eau, Minh Tr\u00ed<\/span>, Ngh\u0129a L\u00e2m\u2026<\/p>\n

Theo s\u1eed li\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 10 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> h\u00f3a v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp<\/span> ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eeba<\/span>: Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt, Kinh Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ec9nh<\/span>, B\u00ed m\u1eadt t\u1eadp h\u1ed9i<\/span><\/i><\/b> (sa. guhyasam\u0101jatantra<\/i>) v\u00e0 Th\u1eddi lu\u00e2n<\/span><\/i><\/b> <\/i>(sa. k\u0101lacakratantra<\/i>) Sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam: Tantra<\/i>,<\/b> Ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o ca<\/span>[4]<\/b><\/i><\/b>, Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/i><\/b>[5] v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u1ea5n<\/span><\/i><\/b>[6] (sa. mah\u0101mudr\u0101<\/i>). Tr\u00ean l\u1eadp c\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span> chia l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n

1\/ Hi\u1ec3n Gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span><\/b>: Th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nam Truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n: Kinh, Lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn. Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span> c\u00f2n c\u00f3 hai nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>:<\/p>\n

1.1 Kim Cang gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/b> (Vaijradh\u00e0tu): l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n<\/span>, l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3<\/span>, l\u00e0 T\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf<\/span>.<\/p>\n

1.2 Thai T\u1ea1ng gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/b> (Garbhadh\u00e0tu): L\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>. M\u1ecdi v\u1eadt<\/span>, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> trong Thai T\u1ea1ng<\/i> gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> l\u00e0 Tr\u00ed Hu\u1ec7<\/span>. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thai \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

2\/ M\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span><\/b>: L\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> trong c\u00e1c kinh M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

2.1 Thi\u1ec1n Qu\u00e1n<\/span> T\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> B\u1ed5n T\u00f4n,<\/p>\n

2.2 Chuy\u1ec3n Ho\u00e1<\/span> Th\u00e2n Th\u00e0nh<\/span> Th\u00e2n B\u1ed5n T\u00f4n,<\/p>\n

2.3 M\u1ea1n \u0110\u00e0 La<\/span>.<\/p>\n

2.4 T\u1ef1 Th\u1ecd Qu\u00e1n \u0110\u1ea3nh<\/span>.<\/p>\n

2.5 Truy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p<\/span> Qu\u00e1n \u0110\u1ea3nh<\/span>.<\/p>\n

2.6 Chuy\u1ec3n Di<\/span> Th\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/p>\n

2.7 Cung Th\u1ec9nh Ch\u01b0 B\u1ed5n T\u00f4n,<\/p>\n

2.8 C\u00e2u Tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0 H\u00e0ng Ph\u1ee5c<\/span> Thi\u00ean Long<\/span> Qu\u1ef7 Th\u1ea7n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

2.9 C\u00e2u kh\u1ea9u quy\u1ebft<\/span> Om MaNi PadMe Hum<\/span>[7]<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

III. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span>:<\/b><\/p>\n

Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a ba nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, t\u00e2m<\/i><\/b> \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt<\/i><\/b>. Khi ba s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a \u1ea5y th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ba nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ba nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span> v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh<\/span>. Th\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> H\u00f3a th\u00e2n<\/span>, kh\u1ea9u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> B\u00e1o th\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. M\u1eadt th\u1eeba c\u00f3 4 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span>:<\/p>\n

1\/ Ph\u00e1p Du gi\u00e0<\/span> t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3<\/span> m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chung quanh.<\/p>\n

2\/ Ph\u00e1p Du gi\u00e0<\/span> t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3<\/span> th\u00e2n x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

3\/ T\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3<\/span> m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>.<\/p>\n

4\/ Ph\u00e1p Du gi\u00e0<\/span> t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3<\/span> m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi<\/span>.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba. \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t lai L\u1ea1t ma<\/span> th\u1ee9 13 n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai ch\u01b0a th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span> c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c<\/span> h\u00e0nh Hi\u1ec3n th\u1eeba, th\u00ec c\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i tantra: krya, charya, yoga v\u00e0 yoga tantra t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>. Tinh t\u00fay<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 yoga tantra t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>. Qua \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span> v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh<\/span> r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/span> ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/span> Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh<\/span> tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t<\/span>: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> (n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span>) v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> (qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu<\/span>). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f2a<\/span> h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span>. Trong c\u00e1c tantra t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u201d \u00e1m ch\u1ec9<\/span> c\u00e1c yoga th\u00e2n huy\u1ec5n (illusory body) v\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c yoga t\u1ecbnh quang[8]. S\u1ef1 t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a, th\u0103ng hoa, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> qua nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span>, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/p>\n

1\/ Th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span><\/i><\/b> (mantra): B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, c\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u01a1ng A l\u1eafm, t\u00f4i gh\u00e9t B l\u1eafm. L\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span>, c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u1ea5y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e2m gh\u00e9t n\u01a1i ta. Th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span> c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta<\/span> theo c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y. Th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh<\/span>, nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t cao. V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p. Khi khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i: v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00f9y theo<\/span> m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> t\u1eeb th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ebf. V\u00ec th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> vi t\u1ebf<\/span>, nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> vi t\u1ebf<\/span>, nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> vi t\u1ebf<\/span>. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> th\u00f4ng tin, truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>, khai m\u1edf, duy tr\u00ec<\/span>; cho n\u00ean \u00e2m thanh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb c\u00e2u th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span> c\u0169ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>, khai m\u1edf, duy tr\u00ec<\/span> t\u00e2m gi\u00e1c<\/span> ng\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

2\/ \u1ea4n<\/i><\/b> (mudra): Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eeba<\/span> quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> th\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span> ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0169<\/span> tr\u1ee5 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/span> 5 ng\u00f3n tay t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> cho 5 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> an l\u1ea1c<\/span>. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, c\u00e1c h\u00f3a th\u1ea7n \u00f4m \u1ea5p nhau th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a Kim Cang Th\u1eeba<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u1ea5n<\/i> (karma mudra). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh<\/span>. S\u1ef1 \u00f4m \u1ea5p \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> \u201cd\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/i><\/b>\u201d v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> \u201c\u00e2m<\/i><\/b>\u201d. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> kh\u00e1ch quan \u1ea5y c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh v\u00e0o trong ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>: \u201ckhi qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> \u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, b\u00ean t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u00ean h\u1eefu trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> s\u1ebd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5<\/span> n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> r\u1ea5t cao<\/i><\/b>\u201d. N\u00f3i chung, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau khi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00e0 T\u1eeb Bi<\/span>,<\/i><\/b> Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7<\/span>, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u1ec7n Thi\u1ec7n X\u1ea3o<\/span><\/i><\/b>.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd S\u1ef1<\/span> S\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam<\/span>, M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Tuy th\u1ebf<\/span> M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u1ea1i gi\u1eef cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n bay b\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> Gi\u1edbi-\u0110\u1ecbnh-Hu\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span> nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> b\u1eb1ng n\u0103m v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt Thi\u1ec1n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u0103m Tr\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> t\u1eeb n\u0103m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ebf gian<\/span> khi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/p>\n

1\/ Nh\u00e3n nh\u0129 t\u1ec9 thi\u1ec7t th\u00e2n<\/span> th\u1ee9c sau khi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span> Th\u00e0nh s\u1edf t\u00e1c tr\u00ed<\/span><\/b>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> b\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt B\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng Th\u00e0nh T\u1ef1u<\/span> (Amoghasiddhi)<\/p>\n

2\/ \u00dd th\u1ee9c<\/span> sau khi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span> Di\u1ec7u Qu\u00e1n<\/span> S\u00e1t tr\u00ed<\/b>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> b\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Quang<\/span> (Amitabha)<\/p>\n

3\/ M\u1ea1t-na th\u1ee9c<\/span> khi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span> B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eb3ng T\u00e1nh tr\u00ed<\/span><\/b>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> b\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt B\u1ea3o<\/span> Sanh (Ratnasambhava)<\/p>\n

4\/ Alaya th\u1ee9c khi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u00ean C\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed<\/span><\/b>, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> b\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt B\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/span> (Akshobyha).<\/p>\n

5\/ Tr\u00ed Hu\u1ec7<\/span> to\u00e0n m\u00e3n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ec3 T\u00e1nh tr\u00ed<\/span><\/b>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> b\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt (Mahavairocana).<\/p>\n

* M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n b\u1eadc kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb cao xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p l\u00e0<\/i><\/b>:<\/p>\n

1\/ T\u1ed1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span><\/i><\/b>: H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1<\/span> th\u00e2n th\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt B\u1ed5n T\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> Tam M\u1eadt<\/span> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u00e2n M\u1eadt<\/span>, Ng\u1eef M\u1eadt<\/span>, \u00dd M\u1eadt<\/span>.<\/p>\n

2\/ Thi\u1ec1n Qu\u00e1n<\/span> M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span><\/i><\/b>: H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p tu qu\u00e1n<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edfng chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1<\/span> th\u00e2n th\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> B\u1ed5n T\u00f4n. Bi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh M\u1ea1n \u0110\u00e0 La<\/span>, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c Ch\u00e2n Ng\u00f4n\u2026<\/p>\n

3\/ Nghi Th\u1ee9c<\/span> M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span><\/i><\/b>: H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> tu Qu\u00e1n<\/span> T\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> B\u1ed5n T\u00f4n, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u00e1c Ch\u00e2n Ng\u00f4n<\/span>, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u00e1c Th\u1ee7 \u1ea4n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

4\/ L\u1ec5 B\u00e1i<\/span> M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span><\/i><\/b>: L\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u1ea3i tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1y s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i<\/span>, tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

IV. M\u1ea1n \u0110\u00e0 La<\/span><\/span>:<\/b> (Mandala):<\/p>\n

M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span> xem con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span>. M\u1ea1n \u0110\u00e0 La<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cs\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/i>\u201d c\u00f3 t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span> nh\u00ecn b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u01b0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> (t\u1ee9c tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7<\/span> sau khi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span>). Trong M\u1ea1n \u0110\u00e0 La<\/span>, tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt. Ho\u1ea1t d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea7m n\u1eafm ho\u1eb7c \u0111i k\u00e8m. Khi qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> m\u1ed9t Man \u0110\u00e0 La<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd s\u00e2u k\u00edn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd s\u00e2u k\u00edn nh\u1ea5t trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Mandala, H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 lu\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee5 t\u00fac<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd. Mandala, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span>, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span>. Trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span> th\u00ec Mandala l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n tr\u00e0ng<\/span> b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> b\u00e0y bi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt<\/span> hay ph\u00e1p kh\u00ed<\/span> ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> cho nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span> h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5<\/span>, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>, tu luy\u1ec7n<\/span>…<\/p>\n

Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a hai b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ec9nh<\/span>, M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> hai Mandala:<\/p>\n

1\/ Thai t\u1ea1ng gi\u1edbi<\/span> Mandala<\/i><\/b> (Garbhadh\u00e0tu mandala) l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span>, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ch\u1ec9 cho v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u0129nh, m\u1eb7t l\u00fd t\u00e1nh. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span> l\u00fd t\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 thai m\u1eb9 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9a con, t\u1eeb l\u00fd t\u00e1nh thai t\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t sinh<\/span> m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/p>\n

2\/ Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1edbi<\/span> Mandala<\/i><\/b> (Vajradhatu mandala) G\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt thi\u1ec1n xung quanh<\/span> m\u1ed9t Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. \u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0y \u00e1m ch\u1ec9<\/span> khi c\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n Tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c<\/span> ng\u1ed9, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n tr\u00ed s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c<\/span> th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Tr\u00ed Hu\u1ec7 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3<\/span> t\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt (Tathagata). M\u1ea1n \u0110\u00e0 La<\/span> Kim Cang gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Man \u0110\u00e0 La<\/span> Ng\u0169 Tr\u00ed Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>. B\u00ed t\u1ea1ng<\/span> k\u00fd n\u00f3i: \u201cThai t\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd, Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> l\u00e0 tr\u00ed<\/i>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Theo th\u1eddi gian<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c<\/span> r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u M\u1ea1n \u0110\u00e0 La<\/span> Kim Cang Gi\u1edbi<\/span> theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng<\/span> nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn xoay quanh<\/span> b\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la:<\/p>\n

1\/ \u0110\u1ea1i M\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0 la<\/span><\/i><\/b> (Maha mandala): v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc<\/span>. M\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0 la<\/span> n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

2\/ Tam mu\u1ed9i<\/span> gia M\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0 la<\/span><\/i><\/b> (Samaya mandala): v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00ed<\/span> trong tay t\u00f9y theo<\/span> b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb. Samaya d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n th\u1ec7, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f3a<\/span> hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 sanh<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>.<\/p>\n

3\/ Ph\u00e1p M\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0 la<\/span><\/i><\/b> (Dharma mandala): l\u00e0 M\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0 la<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u0103n t\u1ef1<\/span> l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y<\/span>, nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n ng\u00f4n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u bao h\u00e0m trong \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

4\/ Y\u1ebft ma<\/span> M\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0 la<\/span><\/i><\/b> (Karma mandala): l\u00e0 M\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0 la<\/span> b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc<\/span> ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ed5 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9 sanh<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>.<\/p>\n

* C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m M\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la<\/span><\/i><\/b>:<\/p>\n

Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> M\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> th\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span>: \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd, hoa, g\u1ea1o, b\u1ed9t, g\u1ed7, \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0u hay c\u00e1t m\u00e0u\u2026 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u00e1t, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nghi\u1ec1n c\u00e1c vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/span> c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c<\/span> nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o<\/span>. Do m\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ec5 n\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> m\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la c\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t kho ch\u1ee9a kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

* Th\u1eddi gian<\/span> l\u00e0m M\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la v\u00e0 x\u00f3a<\/span><\/i><\/b>:<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 c\u00e1c M\u1ea1n \u0110\u00e0 La<\/span> c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> 49 ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/span> b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i 7 ng\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng<\/span> ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 ch\u00fa nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> gia tr\u00ec<\/span>.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea1n \u0110\u00e0 La<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi h\u1ea3i<\/span> m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. M\u1ea1n \u0110\u00e0 La<\/span> t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> cho l\u00fd Hoa<\/span> Nghi\u00eam Ph\u00e1p<\/span> Gi\u1edbi Tr\u00f9ng Tr\u00f9ng<\/span> Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi<\/span> V\u00f4 T\u1eadn<\/span>.<\/p>\n

L\u1ec5 X\u00f3a M\u1ea1n \u0110\u00e0 La<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> cho L\u00fd T\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng<\/span> Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng<\/span> C\u00f3 T\u1ef1 T\u00e1nh<\/span> \u0110\u1ec1u Do Duy\u00ean Bi\u1ebfn<\/span> Hi\u1ec7n<\/i><\/b>.<\/p>\n

V. M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span> trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t nam<\/span><\/span>:<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span> t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u. Theo s\u1eed li\u1ec7u, ph\u00e1p s\u01b0<\/span> Tinidaruci (T\u00ec Ni \u0110a L\u01b0u Chi<\/span>) t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> sang Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span> n\u0103m 580. S\u01b0 tr\u00f9 tr\u00ec ch\u00f9a Ph\u00e1p V\u00e2n<\/span>, H\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y c\u1ea3 Thi\u1ec1n l\u1eabn M\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> thu\u1ed9c Thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i T\u00ec Ni \u0110a L\u01b0u Chi<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 uy\u00ean th\u00e2m<\/span> v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn<\/span> v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb<\/span> r\u00f5 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span> t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> Ph\u00e1p Thu\u1eadn<\/span>, Ma Ha<\/span> (th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 10), S\u00f9ng Ph\u1ea1m<\/span> (th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 12), \u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n<\/span> cho nh\u00e0 vua kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 c\u1ea3<\/span> vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, vi\u1ec7c ngo\u1ea1i giao. D\u00f2ng T\u00ec Ni \u0110a L\u01b0u Chi<\/span> c\u00f2n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 19. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> d\u00f2ng T\u00ec Ni \u0110a L\u01b0u Chi<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> \u201cT\u1ed5ng Tr\u00ec Tam Mu\u1ed9i\u201d (Dharani samadhi<\/i>), m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> (Tantrism<\/i>), d\u00f9ng ch\u00e2n ng\u00f4n<\/span> k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi \u1ea5n quy\u1ebft trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1963 t\u1ea1i Hoa L\u01b0, Ninh B\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t kinh Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 10. C\u1ed9t kinh n\u00e0y do \u0110inh Li\u1ec5n, con c\u1ee7a \u0110inh Ti\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng, d\u1ef1ng n\u0103m 973. Tr\u00ean c\u1ed9t c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc b\u00e0i th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span> Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ec9nh<\/span> T\u1ed1i Th\u1eafng<\/span> \u0110\u00e0 La Ni<\/span> (Usnisavijaya dharani<\/i>), m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng<\/span>. N\u0103m 1964, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9t kinh th\u1ee9 hai. N\u0103m 1978, l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam 14 c\u1ed9t kinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> \u1edf Hoa L\u01b0.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh<\/span><\/b> (?- 1025) Ch\u00f9a L\u1ee5c T\u1ed5<\/span>, l\u00e0ng D\u1ecbch B\u1ea3ng, ph\u1ee7 Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed5 Ph\u00e1p, h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. Thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf S\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng ba h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> tr\u0103m lu\u1eadn, xem th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u00f4ng danh<\/span>. N\u0103m 21 tu\u1ed5i xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ecbnh Hu\u1ec7<\/span> th\u1edd Thi\u1ec1n \u00d4ng<\/span> ch\u00f9a L\u1ee5c T\u1ed5<\/span> l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y. Ngo\u00e0i l\u00fac h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1, S\u01b0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp qu\u00ean c\u1ea3 m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t. Sau khi Thi\u1ec1n, \u00d4ng vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch<\/span>, S\u01b0 chuy\u00ean t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p<\/span> m\u00f4n T\u1ed5ng tr\u00ec<\/span> tam ma \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd S\u01b0 n\u00f3i ra l\u1eddi n\u00e0o thi\u00ean h\u1ea1<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u cho l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 s\u1ea5m. Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> L\u00ea \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0nh<\/span> h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng<\/span> t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span> S\u01b0.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ea1nh<\/span> <\/b>(?-1117): \u00d4ng h\u1ecd T\u1eeb t\u00ean L\u1ed9, t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ea1nh<\/span>, \u1edf ch\u00f9a Thi\u00ean Ph\u00fac, n\u00fai Ph\u1eadt T\u00edch\u2026 L\u1ed9 ngh\u0129 vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1o th\u00f9<\/span> cho cha nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ngh\u0129 ra m\u01b0u k\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, r\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1n ra ngo\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh, b\u1ed7ng nghe th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng trung c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng th\u00e9t ng\u0103n l\u1ea1i. L\u1ed9 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> qu\u0103ng g\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111i. Mu\u1ed1n sang ch\u00f9a b\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ea7u ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0110i\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i qua \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ee3 Kim X\u1ec9 (r\u0103ng v\u00e0ng) th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf<\/span> b\u00e8n quay v\u1ec1<\/span>, \u1ea9n c\u01b0<\/span> \u1edf n\u00fai Ph\u1eadt T\u00edch<\/span>, th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecdc kinh<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i-bi-\u0111\u00e0-la, \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u1ecdn m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea1n t\u00e1m ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/b> (1066-1141): \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f3a, Minh Kh\u00f4ng<\/span> tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> ch\u00f9a c\u0169 c\u00e0y ru\u1ed9ng. H\u01a1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, \u1ea9n h\u01a1i k\u00edn ti\u1ebfng. Khi \u0111\u00f3 L\u00fd Th\u1ea7n T\u00f4ng b\u1ed7ng m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh l\u1ea1, t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span> r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n<\/span>, ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn<\/span> g\u1ea7m r\u00fa \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3<\/span>. C\u00e1c l\u01b0\u01a1ng y<\/span> trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1<\/span> v\u00e2ng chi\u1ebfu m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn, k\u1ec3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu b\u00f3 tay. Khi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb h\u00e1t r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

\u201cD\u1ee5c tr\u1ecb thi\u00ean t\u1eed<\/span> b\u1ec7nh, tu \u0111\u1eafc Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Kh\u00f4ng\u201d (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e0 vua t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Kh\u00f4ng<\/span>).<\/p>\n

\u2026Khi g\u1eb7p Th\u1ea7n T\u00f4ng, Minh Kh\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

\u201cK\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng phu<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n l\u00ean ng\u00f4i<\/span> thi\u00ean t\u1eed<\/span>, gi\u00e0u c\u00f3<\/span> kh\u1eafp b\u1ed1n b\u1ec3, c\u1edb sao c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh cu\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1n<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?\u201d<\/p>\n

Vua nghe n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t run s\u1ee3<\/span>. Minh Kh\u00f4ng<\/span> b\u00e8n l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i v\u1ea1c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ef1ng d\u1ea7u, \u0111un l\u00ean s\u00f4i s\u00f9ng s\u1ee5c, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea5y tay kho\u1eafng v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n, r\u1eafc v\u1ea9y l\u00ean kh\u1eafp m\u00ecnh vua, b\u1ec7nh t\u1ee9c th\u00ec kh\u1ecfi h\u1ebft. Vua b\u00e8n phong Minh Kh\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0<\/span>, ban l\u1ed9c m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f4ng L\u1ed9<\/span><\/b> (?- 1119): Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> Kh\u00f4ng L\u1ed9<\/span> \u1edf ch\u00f9a Nghi\u00eam Quang, huy\u1ec7n H\u1ea3i Thanh<\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf H\u1ea3i Thanh<\/span> v\u1eady, m\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e2u c\u00e1, b\u1ecf ngh\u1ec1 \u1ea5y m\u00e0 \u0111i tu, th\u01b0\u1eddng hay<\/span> \u0111\u1ecdc kinh<\/span> \u0110\u00e0-la-ni-m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Gi\u00e1c H\u1ea3i<\/span><\/b>: Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> Gi\u00e1c H\u1ea3i<\/span> h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ea3i Thanh<\/span>, \u1edf t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Di\u00ean Ph\u00fac qu\u1eadn nh\u00e0. Th\u01b0\u1edf nh\u1ecf th\u00edch c\u00e2u c\u00e1, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y thuy\u1ec1n con l\u00e0m nh\u00e0, l\u00eanh \u0111\u00eanh tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u0103m hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m tu\u1ed5i b\u1ecf ngh\u1ec1 \u1ea5y, c\u1eaft t\u00f3c \u0111i tu, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> c\u00f9ng thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> Kh\u00f4ng L\u1ed9<\/span> th\u1edd m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y \u1edf ch\u00f9a H\u00e0 Tr\u1ea1ch. Th\u1eddi L\u00fd Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng Th\u00f4ng Huy\u1ec1n<\/span> ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0o ng\u1ed3i h\u1ea7u trong ch\u00f9a L\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ea1ch \u1edf Li\u00ean M\u1ed9ng. B\u1ed7ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i t\u1eafc k\u00e8 g\u1ecdi nhau, nh\u1ee9c tai \u0111i\u1ebfc \u00f3c. Vua truy\u1ec1n Th\u00f4ng<\/span> Huy\u1ec1n ng\u0103n n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i, Huy\u1ec1n l\u1eb7ng nh\u1ea9m th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span>, m\u1ed9t con r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Vua c\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o: \u201cH\u00e3y c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t con xin \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 s\u01b0\u201d. S\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span>, trong nh\u00e1y m\u1eaft con c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1t. Thi\u1ec1n Uy\u1ec3n T\u1eadp Anh<\/span> cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span> M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>.<\/p>\n

VI. K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/b>:<\/p>\n

M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/span> th\u1ee9 3 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e1 thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> B\u00e1t nh\u00e3<\/span> v\u00e0 Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Theo M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> c\u00f3 \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c<\/span> si\u00eau nhi\u00ean<\/span>; n\u1ebfu ta bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c<\/span> si\u00eau nhi\u00ean<\/span> kia th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i r\u1ea5t mau tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> B\u1ea5t Ho\u1ea1i-Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c<\/span> v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> ki\u00ean c\u1ed1<\/span> b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1i<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eeba ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a hai th\u1eeba<\/span> tr\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111i th\u1eb3ng<\/span> v\u00e0o Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m l\u1edbn lao m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0<\/span> c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i e d\u00e8<\/span> v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t<\/span> nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span> tai h\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u1ea5t. B\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n Thi\u1ec7n X\u1ea3o<\/span> l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eb1m d\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 khai m\u1edf T\u1eeb Bi<\/span>,<\/i><\/b> Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7<\/span><\/i><\/b> trong m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

18\/11\/2009<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch Tham kh\u1ea3o<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1\/ The Two Truths<\/i><\/b>, Guy Newland, Snow Lion Publications (1992) B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a L\u00ea C\u00f4ng \u0110a nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cNh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u201d.<\/p>\n

2\/ The Changless Nature<\/i><\/b>, Ken, Katia Holmes, Karma Drubgyud Darjay Ling, UK 1985.<\/p>\n

3\/ The Meaning of Life from a Buddhist Perspective c\u1ee7a His Holiness the Dalai Lama<\/i><\/b>, Jeffrey Hopkins, Wisdom Publications, 1992.<\/p>\n

4\/ Consciousness at the Crossroads<\/i><\/b>: Conversations with the Dalai Lama on Brainscience and Buddhism. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion, 1999<\/p>\n

5\/ Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 do<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/i><\/b>, \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma.<\/p>\n

(http:\/\/www.thuvienhoasen.org\/conduongdentudovothuong-07.htm) truy c\u1eadp 18\/11\/2009.<\/p>\n

6\/ A-t\u00ec-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/i><\/b>, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ec7 S\u0129.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.thuvienhoasen.org\/tudieude-ducdatlailatma-07.htm. Truy c\u1eadp 17\/11\/2009.<\/p>\n

7\/ Nh\u1eadp B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t h\u1ea1nh<\/span><\/i><\/b>, d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef -Th\u00edch N\u1eef Tr\u00ed H\u1ea3i<\/span>. 1994.<\/p>\n

8\/ Mind and Life<\/i><\/b>, \u0111\u1ee9c Dalai Lama, 1993.<\/p>\n

9\/ Kinh Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/i><\/b>, HT Tr\u00ed Quang<\/span> d\u1ecbch, 1994.<\/p>\n

10\/ \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> ng\u00e0y nay.<\/i><\/b> Tr\u1ea7n Tu\u1ea5n M\u1eabn d\u1ecbch, 1997.<\/p>\n

11\/ \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/i><\/b>, Minh Chi; H\u00e0 Th\u00fac Minh. 1993<\/p>\n

12\/ Kinh \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng Ho\u00e0ng Kim<\/span><\/i><\/b>, H.T Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed Quang<\/span>, 1994.<\/p>\n

13\/ Vi\u1ec7t Nam Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> s\u1eed lu\u1eadn I<\/i><\/b>, Nguy\u1ec5n Lang, 1974.<\/p>\n

14\/ L\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span> t\u1eeb kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span> L\u00fd Nam \u0110\u1ebf<\/i><\/b>. L\u00ea M\u1ea1nh Th\u00e1t. T\u1eadp 1. Nxb Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a<\/span> 1999.<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

[1] Ri\u00eang b\u1ed9 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> du-gi\u00e0 <\/i><\/b>kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

[2] Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> Tantra<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ec7t<\/i><\/b>\u201d, \u201cm\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u201d, \u201cs\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp<\/i><\/b>\u201d, \u201cli\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u201d v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi<\/span> th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> ph\u00e1p<\/i><\/b>.<\/p>\n

[3] Ch\u00e2n ng\u00f4n<\/span><\/b> (\u771f\u8a00, sa. mantra<\/i>) ho\u1eb7c Ch\u00e2n \u00e2m<\/b>, phi\u00ean \u00e2m sang ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n l\u00e0 M\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e1t-la<\/b> (\u66fc\u601b\u7f85), c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch \u00fd kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Ch\u00fa<\/b> (\u5492), Minh<\/b> (\u660e), Th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span><\/b> (\u795e\u5492), M\u1eadt ng\u00f4n<\/span><\/b> (\u5bc6\u8a00), M\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span><\/b> (\u5bc6\u8a9e), M\u1eadt hi\u1ec7u<\/span><\/b> (\u5bc6\u865f), c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1eb3ng Ph\u1ea1n \u00e2m<\/span> l\u00e0 Mantra<\/b>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span> ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u201d, l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span>.<\/p>\n

[4] \u201cb\u00e0i ca v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u201d, ho\u1eb7c Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n<\/span> khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>.<\/b><\/p>\n

[5] Danh hi\u1ec7u<\/span> ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ed1t tu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> Tantra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t 84 v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 8 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 12 t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/p>\n

[6] \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u1ea5n<\/span><\/b> (zh. \u5927\u624b\u5370, sa. mah\u0101mudr\u0101<\/i>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eeba<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y trong t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> Kagyupa<\/i><\/b>. c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span>. \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u1ea5n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u1ea5n<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng<\/span> (sa. \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101<\/i>), c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u1ecfi Lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>.<\/p>\n

[7] \u201c<\/b>M\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> thay l\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh<\/span> si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Qu\u00e1n Th\u1ebf \u00c2m<\/span>. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh<\/span> t\u1ed1i s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u2026 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng th\u00ec th\u1ea7m<\/span> \u00e2m \u1ec9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7m l\u1eafng. Ti\u1ebfng m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> \u1ea5y \u0111em l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> b\u00ecnh an<\/span> cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> \u0111ang k\u00eau c\u1ee9u<\/span> trong c\u01a1n \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 an tr\u00fa<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111ang t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span>\u201d.<\/b><\/p>\n

[8] The practice of Kalachakra<\/i><\/b>, \u0110\u1ea1t lai L\u1ea1t ma<\/span> th\u1ee9 13.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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