{"id":7317,"date":"2020-12-02T23:57:33","date_gmt":"2020-12-02T16:57:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/02\/the-nao-la-tang-luat\/"},"modified":"2020-12-02T23:57:33","modified_gmt":"2020-12-02T16:57:33","slug":"the-nao-la-tang-luat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/02\/the-nao-la-tang-luat\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o L\u00e0 T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n<\/p>\n

\n

TH\u1ebe N\u00c0O L\u00c0 T\u1ea0NG LU\u1eacT?<\/b><\/span>

Gs. U KO LAY <\/span>
T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni Huy\u1ec1n Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u00e1c phong c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni v\u00e0o T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt n\u1ea7y g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00fac t\u00e1c phomg v\u00e0 thu th\u00fac nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c vi ph\u1ea1m<\/span> gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u0169ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a thu th\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch tu\u1ef3 theo t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i.<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I: Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o L\u00e0 T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt?<\/b><\/address>\n
a. B\u1ea3y Lo\u1ea1i Vi Ph\u1ea1m<\/span> T\u1ed9i<\/address>\n
b. Khi N\u00e0o v\u00e0 L\u00fd Do<\/span> T\u1ea1i Sao \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0110\u1eb7t Ra Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt<\/span><\/address>\n
c. Ch\u1ea5p Thu\u1eadn<\/span> Gi\u00e1o \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span> C\u00f3 T\u1ef3 Kh\u01b0u Ni<\/address>\n
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II: T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt<\/b><\/address>\n
1. B\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng Tr\u1ee5<\/span><\/b><\/i><\/address>\n
a. C\u00e1c T\u1ed9i B\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng Tr\u1ee5<\/span> v\u00e0 Nh\u1eefng H\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea1t<\/address>\n
b. M\u01b0\u1eddi Ba T\u1ed9i T\u0103ng T\u00e0n<\/span><\/address>\n
c. Hai T\u1ed9i B\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/address>\n
d. Ba M\u01b0\u01a1i T\u1ed9i \u01b0ng X\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb& Nh\u1eefng H\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea1t<\/address>\n
2. \u01afng \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span><\/b><\/i><\/address>\n
a. Ch\u00edn M\u01b0\u01a1i Hai T\u1ed9i \u01afng \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span> & H\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea1t<\/address>\n
b. B\u1ed1n T\u1ed9i \u01afng Ph\u00e1t L\u1ed3<\/span><\/address>\n
c. B\u1ea3y M\u01b0\u01a1i L\u0103m \u0110i\u1ec1u \u01afng H\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 C\u00e1ch C\u01b0 X\u1eed<\/span> L\u1ecbch S\u1ef1<\/span><\/address>\n
d. B\u1ea3y C\u00e1ch D\u00e0n X\u1ebfp Tranh T\u1ee5ng<\/address>\n
3. \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/b><\/i><\/address>\n
4. Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/b><\/i><\/address>\n
5. Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng<\/span> T\u1eadp Y\u1ebfu
<\/b><\/i><\/address>\n
<\/b><\/p>\n
\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I<\/p>\n

TH\u1ebe N\u00c0O L\u00c0 T\u1ea0NG LU\u1eacT?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt – Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Qui t\u1eafc ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh d\u00e0nh cho T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u00e1c phong c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni v\u00e0o T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt n\u1ea7y g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00fac t\u00e1c phomg v\u00e0 thu th\u00fac nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c vi ph\u1ea1m<\/span> gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u0169ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a thu th\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch tu\u1ef3 theo t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

(a) B\u1ea2Y LO\u1ea0I T\u1ed8I VI PH\u1ea0M<\/span> (t\u1ed9i) – \u0100patti<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7t ra g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u016blapa\u00f1\u00f1atti <\/i>(quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n); nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung sau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Anupa\u00f1\u00f1atti. <\/i>C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc (sikkh\u0101pada)<\/i>. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng vi ph\u1ea1m<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u1ea7y, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0100patti<\/i>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ‘ \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn, ph\u1ea1m ‘<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea3y ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9<\/span> tu\u1ef3 theo t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang:<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t C\u1ecdng<\/span> Tr\u1ee5 (P\u0101r\u0101jika)
T\u0103ng T\u00e0n<\/span> (Sangh\u0101disesa)
Tr\u1ecdng T\u1ed9i<\/span> (Thullaccaya)
\u01afng X\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span> (P\u0101cittiya)
\u01afng Ph\u00e1t L\u1ed9<\/span> (P\u0101tidesan\u012bya)
T\u00e1c \u00c1c<\/span> (Dukka\u1e6da)
\u00c1c Ng\u1eef<\/span> (Dubbh\u0101sita)<\/p>\n

T\u1ed9i trong ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9<\/span> th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i B\u1ea5t C\u1ecdng<\/span> Tr\u1ee5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed9i<\/span> (garuk\u0101patti), k<\/i>h\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c(atekicch\u0101)<\/i>, sau \u0111\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span> ph\u1ea3i r\u01a1i kh\u1ecfi T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed9i trong ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9<\/span> th\u1ee9 hai, T\u0103ng T\u00e0n<\/span>, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed9i<\/span> nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (satekicch\u0101)<\/i>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span> b\u1ecb \u1edf v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span> chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i, su\u1ed1t trong th\u1eddi gian<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 sau th\u1eddi gian<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<\/span> l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> trong T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> qua m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp<\/span> T\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9<\/span> c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i nh\u1eb9<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed9i<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00fa nh\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 vi ph\u1ea1m<\/span> t\u1ed9i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Sau khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra<\/span>, t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u vi ph\u1ea1m<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch<\/span> ho\u00e1 l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 vi ph\u1ea1m<\/span> \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(b) KHI N\u00c0O V\u00c0 L\u00c0M SAO GI\u1edaI LU\u1eacT<\/span> \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C \u0110\u1eb6T RA?<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

Trong su\u1ed1t<\/span> hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ec7nh hay \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u1ed9i B\u1ea5t C\u1ecdng<\/span> Tr\u1ee5 hay T\u0103ng T\u00e0n<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span> v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Nh\u1eadp L\u01b0u<\/span>, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span> v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> ti\u00ean, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 ra<\/span> nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u Sudinna<\/i>, qu\u00ea \u1edf l\u00e0ng Kalanda <\/i>g\u1ea7n Ves\u0101l\u012b<\/i>, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span> h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt B\u1ea5t C\u1ecdng<\/span> Tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u1eebng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span> h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Khi nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sanh th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m<\/span> tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp<\/span> h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span> ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u. Ch\u1ec9 sau khi h\u1ecfi t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<\/span> v\u00e0 sau khi mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/span> th\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> t\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u0169ng theo b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> si\u00eau nhi\u00ean<\/span>, ng\u00e0i h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 cho n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i ph\u1ecfng theo nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 khi g\u1eb7p t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t sanh trong th\u1eddi ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

(c) CH\u1ea4P THU\u1eacN<\/span> T\u0102NG \u0110O\u00c0N<\/span> C\u00d3 T\u1ef2 KH\u01afU NI<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

Sau khi Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9<\/span> an c\u01b0<\/span> b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a n\u01b0a (vassa),<\/i> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m th\u00e0nh Kapilavatthu <\/i>(Ca t\u1ef3 la v\u1ec7<\/span>), ho\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh<\/span> qu\u00ea ng\u00e0i, theo l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u<\/span> c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0i, Vua Suddhodana. V\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, Mah\u0101paj\u0101pati, d\u00ec m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u<\/span> ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn b\u00e0 gia nh\u1eadp<\/span> v\u00e0o T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh<\/span> b\u00e0 Mah\u0101paj\u0101pati<\/i> mu\u1ed1n gia nh\u1eadp<\/span> T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u0103m tr\u0103m b\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng d\u00f2ng Sakyan<\/i> m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00f4n phu<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> t\u1ea1i gia<\/span> c\u0169ng mong \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia nh\u1eadp<\/span> T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Sau khi ph\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0i qua \u0111\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u00e0nh Ves\u0101l\u012b, <\/i>t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia nh\u1eadp<\/span> T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Mah\u0101paj\u0101pati.<\/i> D\u00ec m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, go\u00e1 ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c vua Suddhodhana<\/i> v\u1eeba m\u1edbi b\u0103ng h\u00e0, c\u1eaft t\u00f3c v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c y nhu\u1ed9m v\u1ecf c\u00e2y, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u0103m tr\u0103m b\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng d\u00f2ng Sakyan<\/i>, l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Vesal\u012b<\/i> n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111ang ng\u1ef1 trong r\u1eebng \u0110\u1ea1i L\u00e2m<\/span>, trong s\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng K\u016bt\u0101g\u0101ra.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0100nanda<\/i> th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd ngo\u00e0i c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh K\u016bt\u0101g\u0101ra<\/i>, ch\u00e2n s\u01b0ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00f9n, bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng kh\u00f3c. V\u00ec l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> m\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0100nanda<\/i> nh\u00e2n danh<\/span> h\u1ecd kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft n\u00e0i xin \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd v\u00e0o T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span>. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> gi\u1eef v\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0100nanda<\/i> h\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eafc Tu\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3 hay sao, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt<\/span> ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m v\u1eady v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p<\/span> h\u1ecd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> nh\u01b0 nam gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0100nanda<\/i> kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft b\u1ea1ch r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 Mah\u0101paj\u0101pati<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u0103n s\u00f3c<\/span> ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00fa nu\u00f4i, cho ng\u00e0i b\u00fa m\u1edbm khi th\u00e2n m\u1eabu<\/span> ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span> v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3, b\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p gia nh\u1eadp<\/span> T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> T\u1ef3 Kh\u01b0u Ni.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u<\/span> kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0100nanda <\/i>“\u0100nanda<\/i>, n\u1ebfu d\u00ec m\u1eabu Mah\u0101paj\u0101pati<\/i>ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> B\u00e1t K\u1ec9nh Ph\u00e1p<\/span> (garudhamm\u0101)<\/i>, h\u00e3y ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span>.”<\/p>\n

B\u00e1t K\u1ec9nh Ph\u00e1p<\/span> l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

1) M\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span> (Vassa),<\/i> ph\u1ea3i cung k\u00ednh<\/span> m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u d\u00f9 m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

2) M\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean an c\u01b0<\/span> m\u00f9a m\u01b0a n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

3) M\u1ed7i m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m hai vi\u1ec7c: h\u1ecfi t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u T\u0103ng ng\u00e0y B\u00e1t Quan Trai Gi\u1edbi<\/span> (Uposatha)<\/i>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n<\/span> t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5n<\/p>\n

4) Khi m\u00e3n an c\u01b0<\/span> m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni ph\u1ea3i tham gia<\/span> l\u1ec5 m\u00e3n an c\u01b0<\/span> m\u00f9a m\u01b0 (pav\u0101ran\u0101) <\/i>do c\u1ea3 hai h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span> t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u t\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, trong m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span>,t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni ph\u1ea3i m\u1eddi g\u00f3p \u00fd ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh<\/span> v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 nghe hay nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 nghi ng\u1edd<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

5) M\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span> T\u0103ng T\u00e0n<\/span> ph\u1ea3i thi h\u00e0nh<\/span> h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng (pakkha m\u0101natta)<\/i>, trong m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span> t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u t\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni.<\/p>\n

6) M\u1ed9t sa di ni<\/span> ch\u1ec9 sau th\u1eddi gian<\/span> th\u1eed th\u00e1ch<\/span> r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n<\/span> hai n\u0103m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> tu l\u00ean b\u1eadc tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 hai h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span>.<\/p>\n

7) M\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a<\/span> m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u t\u0103ng trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ngay c\u1ea3 n\u00f3i quanh<\/span> co.<\/p>\n

8) M\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7<\/span> c\u00e1c l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y hay khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0 Mah\u0101paj\u0101pati <\/i>ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1 B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p<\/span> n\u1ea7y do \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0o T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea0NG LU\u1eacT<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp<\/span> t\u1eeb n\u0103m cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

– B\u1ea5t C\u1ecdng<\/span> Tr\u1ee5 (P\u0101r\u0101jika P\u0101\u1e37i)
– \u01afng \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span> (P\u0101cittiya P\u0101\u1e37i)
– \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m<\/span> (Mah\u0101vagga P\u0101\u1e37i)
– Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m<\/span> (C\u016blavagga P\u0101\u1e37i)
– Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng<\/span> T\u1eadp Y\u1ebfu (Pariv\u0101ra P\u0101\u1e37i)<\/p>\n

<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

1. B\u1ea5t C\u1ecdng<\/span> Tr\u1ee5 (P\u0101r\u0101jika P\u0101\u1e37i)<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

P\u0101r\u0101jika P\u0101\u1e37i l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> B\u1ea5t C\u1ecdng<\/span> Tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 T\u0103ng T\u00e0n<\/span>, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 B\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00e0 \u01afng X\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt nh\u1ecf<\/p>\n

(a) C\u00e1c t\u1ed9i B\u1ea5t C\u1ecdng<\/span> Tr\u1ee5 (P\u0101r\u0101jika)<\/i> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t<\/b><\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi B\u1ea5t C\u1ecdng<\/span> Tr\u1ee5 g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba<\/span> b\u1ed1n t\u1ed9i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng<\/span>. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u1ea7y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u.. Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt, t\u1ed9i B\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng Tr\u1ee5<\/span> r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang<\/span> t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u l\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> t\u1ea1i gia<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span> ho\u1eb7c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t sa di<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u v\u00ec ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt n\u1ea7y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1ecfi th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh<\/span> ; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u1ebfu c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3; (ii) nh\u01b0 l\u00e1 l\u00eca c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean xanh l\u1ea1i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1n l\u00e1; (iii) Nh\u01b0 t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eeda ra; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 li\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; (iv) nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t ngang th\u00e2n; n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n T\u1ed9i B\u1ea5t C\u1ecdng<\/span> Tr\u1ee5 D\u1eabn \u0110\u1ebfn M\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ecba V\u1ecb<\/span> Nh\u01b0 L\u00e0 T\u1ef3 Kh\u01b0u<\/p>\n

(i) B\u1ea5t C\u1ecdng<\/span> Tr\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u.<\/p>\n

(ii) B\u1ea5t C\u1ecdng<\/span> Tr\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 hai: B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span> l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng cho s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u.<\/p>\n

(iii) B\u1ea5t C\u1ecdng<\/span> Tr\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 ba: B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u.<\/p>\n

(iv) B\u1ea5t C\u1ecdng<\/span> Tr\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0: B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc thi\u1ec1n hay Tu\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span> B\u1ea5t C\u1ecdng<\/span> Tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u. T\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(b) M\u01b0\u1eddi Ba T\u1ed9i T\u0103ng T\u00e0n<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u Lu\u1eadt T\u0103ng T\u00e0n<\/span> g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t m\u01b0\u1eddi ba \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 tham gia<\/span> ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ebft t\u1ed9i vi ph\u1ea1m<\/span>.<\/p>\n

(i) M\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ebft t\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/span> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n<\/span> T\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i<\/span> t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span>. T\u0103ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ra l\u1ec7nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng<\/span> (pariv\u0101sa), <\/i>h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9<\/span> m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n g\u1ea7n sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng ch\u00fang<\/span> c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 che gi\u1ea5u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) V\u00e0o l\u00fac ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng<\/span> (pariv\u0101sa) <\/i>ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> nh\u1eadn h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t m\u0101natta<\/i>th\u00eam s\u00e1u ng\u00e0y n\u1eefa.\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u0103ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span> nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(iii) Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t m\u0101natta<\/i>, t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec9nh T\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<\/span> l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n g\u1ea7n sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 T\u0103ng Ch\u00fang<\/span> c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch<\/span> nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau khi c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp T\u0103ng g\u1ed3m \u00edt nh\u1ea5t<\/span> hai m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u00f1atti <\/i>, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc theo sau<\/span> ba l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc kammav\u0101c\u0101<\/i>, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c<\/span> ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i T\u0103ng T\u00e0n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

(i) T\u1ed9i x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5<\/span> n\u1eef (K\u0101yasamsagga):<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u c\u00f3 \u00fd d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u00e0 v\u1ea1y<\/span> x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7m tay, vu\u1ed1t t\u00f3c hay s\u1edd ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span> T\u0103ng T\u00e0n<\/span> do x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef (K\u0101yasamsagga Sangh\u0101disesa).<\/i><\/p>\n

(iii) T\u1ed9i l\u00e0m mai dong (Sa\u00f1caritta)<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o n\u00e0o l\u00e0m mai dong ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef n\u00e0o chung s\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c v\u1ee3 hay s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span> t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u1edbi b\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 v\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span> T\u0103ng T\u00e0n<\/span> do l\u00e0m mai dong (Sa\u00f1caritta Sangh\u0101disesa).<\/i><\/p>\n

(c) Hai t\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> (Aniyata<\/i>) v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t<\/b><\/p>\n

Aniyata<\/i> ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc. C\u00f3 hai t\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt v\u00ec li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t C\u1ecdng<\/span> Tr\u1ee5 hay T\u0103ng T\u00e0n<\/span> ho\u1eb7c \u01afng X\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span>. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> tu\u1ef3 theo nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n<\/span> trong nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

(i) N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed7 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 khu\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft, v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n<\/span> cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00edn n\u1eef<\/span> \u0111\u00e1ng tin<\/span> (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh), th\u1ea5y t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00f3, bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i<\/span> \u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u1ed9i n\u00e0o trong ba t\u1ed9i: (1) B\u1ea5t C\u1ecdng<\/span> Tr\u1ee5, (2) T\u0103ng T\u00e0n<\/span>, (3) \u01afng X\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span>, v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i<\/span> r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00edn n\u1eef<\/span> \u0111\u00e1ng tin<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t trong ba t\u1ed9i n\u1ea7y<\/p>\n

(ii) N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i ri\u00eang t\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng khu\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ec7n cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i l\u1eddi d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00edn n\u1eef<\/span> \u0111\u00e1ng tin<\/span> c\u1eady (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh), th\u1ea5y t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00f3, bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i<\/span> \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i n\u00e0o trong hai t\u1ed9i (1) t\u1ed9i T\u0103ng T\u00e0n<\/span> (2) \u01afng X\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00edn n\u1eef<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> t\u1ed9i n\u00e0o trong hai t\u1ed9i n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

(d) Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed9i \u01afng X\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt trong ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9<\/span> t\u1ed9i \u01afng X\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf<\/span> t\u00e2m tham qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 y b\u00e1t<\/span>,v.v… V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt n\u1ea7y khi v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p<\/span> c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hay khi v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ph\u00e9p<\/span>. H\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t g\u1ed3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m. R\u1ed3i theo sau<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i<\/span> v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c vi ph\u1ea1m<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee9a kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span>, hay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u hay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai tr\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng n\u1ed9p.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 T\u1ed9i \u01afng X\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span>:<\/p>\n

(i) \u0110i\u1ec1u H\u1ecdc \u01afng X\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span>.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o gi\u1eef s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho ph\u00e9p<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, y n\u1ed9i<\/span>, y vai tr\u00e1i<\/span> v\u00e0 y T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 L\u00ea<\/span>, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i d\u00e2ng n\u1ed9p y th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i<\/span> t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

(ii) \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc C\u012bvara Acchindana<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o cho y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn<\/span> hay b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i hay b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i<\/span> d\u00f9m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span> \u01afng X\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span>.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed9i \u01afng X\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i nh\u1eb9<\/span> h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u1ea5t C\u1ecdng<\/span> Tr\u1ee5 hay T\u1ed9i T\u0103ng T\u00e0n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

2. \u01afng \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span> (P\u0101cittiya P\u0101\u1e37i)<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\u01afng \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span> l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u01afng \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span>, \u01afng Ph\u00e1t L\u1ed3<\/span>, \u01afng H\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p, B\u1ea3y C\u00e1ch D\u00e0n X\u1ebfp Vi\u1ec7c Tranh T\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u<\/span> Pali g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u01afng X\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span>, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> l\u00e0 ‘Suddha P\u0101cittiya’<\/i> \u01afng \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u1edbi \u01afng X\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(a) Ch\u00edn M\u01b0\u01a1i Hai T\u1ed9i \u01afng \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00e0 H\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea1t.<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i hai \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt trong lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ch\u00edn ph\u1ea7n. V\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i n\u1ea7y:<\/p>\n

– C\u1ed1 \u00fd<\/span> n\u00f3i l\u00e1o l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u01afng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb<\/span>.
– T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ng\u1ee7 chung d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 chung c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef ph\u1ea1m<\/span> t\u1ed9i \u01afng \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span>
– T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t hay sai b\u1ea3o<\/span> \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span> \u01afng \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span>.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed9i \u01afng \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

(b) B\u1ed1n T\u1ed9i \u01afng Ph\u00e1t L\u1ed3<\/span> v\u00e0 H\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea1t.<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9<\/span> n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch<\/span> t\u00e1c phong c\u1ee7a t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o b\u00e1t cho v\u1ecb \u1ea5y. T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u vi ph\u1ea1m<\/span> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u1ea7y, trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fa nh\u1eadn<\/span> l\u1ed7i, ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> k\u1ec3 ra t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i \u01afng Ph\u00e1t L\u1ed3<\/span> \u0111\u1ecdc: t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng<\/span> v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee9ng, lo\u1ea1i m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a tay nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c<\/span> quanh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0, th\u00ec n\u00ean th\u00fa nh\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i, “B\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e1ch<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fa nh\u1eadn<\/span>. T\u00f4i th\u00fa nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span> \u01afng Ph\u00e1t L\u1ed3<\/span>.”<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t ra lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u1ea7y x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh S\u0101vatthi, <\/i>n\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni \u0111ang \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c<\/span>. M\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e2ng v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y l\u1ea5y \u0111i<\/span> h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c trong b\u00e1t n\u00e0ng. T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni n\u1ea7y \u0111i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c cho ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3. Ba ng\u00e0y li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp<\/span> n\u00e0ng d\u00e2ng v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecdat h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c trong su\u1ed1t<\/span> ba ng\u00e0y. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> n\u00e0ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3i g\u1ea7n ng\u1ea5t x\u1ec9u. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 trong l\u00fac \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c<\/span> n\u00e0ng b\u1ecb ng\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u00ec qu\u00e1 y\u1ebfu. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y, ng\u00e0i b\u1ea3o t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00f3 mang t\u1ed9i t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(c)<\/b> B\u1ea3y M\u01b0\u01a1i L\u0103m \u0110i\u1ec1u \u01afng H\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 C\u00e1ch C\u01b0 X\u1eed<\/span> L\u1ecbch S\u1ef1<\/span>.<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3y M\u01b0\u01a1i L\u0103m \u0110i\u1ec1u Lu\u1eadt n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> nh\u1eb1m cho t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sa di- nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n gia nh\u1eadp<\/span> T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span> \u1ee9ng x\u1eed th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span> trong m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. \u0110a s\u1ed1<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh S\u0101vatthi <\/i>khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u1ee5c s\u01b0<\/span> \u1ee9ng x\u1eed v\u00f4 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m. Nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u00e1c phong t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed khi \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c. Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f3 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> phong c\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch<\/span> s\u1ef1 khi nh\u1eadn v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 khi th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng<\/span>. Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 ba c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span>. Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p khi v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea1c nh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

(d) B\u1ea3y C\u00e1ch \u1ed4n \u0110\u1ecbnh Tranh T\u1ee5ng (Adhikara\u1e47asamatha)<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1n \u01afng \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span> k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt d\u00e0nh cho t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3y c\u00e1ch d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp(Adhikara\u1e47asamatha)<\/i><\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n Lo\u1ea1i Tranh T\u1ee5ng:<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

(i) Tranh t\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> tranh c\u00e3i (Viv\u0101d\u0101dhikarana)-<\/i> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p; nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt; Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft<\/span> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft<\/span>; v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i..<\/p>\n

(ii) Tranh t\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch (Anuv\u0101d\u0101dhikara\u1e47a)<\/i> – Bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i<\/span> v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i n\u1ed5i l\u00ean gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh<\/span>, quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u.<\/p>\n

(iii) Tranh t\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u1ed9i- (\u0100patt\u0101dhikara\u1e47a)<\/i> vi\u1ec7c vi ph\u1ea1m<\/span> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

(iv) Tranh t\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan<\/span> nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/span> (Kicc\u0101dhikara\u1e47a) <\/i>– Ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/span> h\u1ecdp T\u0103ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 tranh t\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng<\/span> n\u1ed5i l\u00ean gi\u1eefa T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span>, nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u1eafn t\u1eaft<\/span> v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea3y ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/b><\/i> sau:<\/p>\n

(i) H\u00e0nh x\u1eed lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span> (Sammukh\u0101 Vinaya) <\/i>– tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra<\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean chi\u1ebfu theo lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

(ii) H\u00e0nh x\u1eed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ghi nh\u1edb (Sativinaya) <\/i>– T\u0103ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb A la h\u00e1n<\/span> ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb, sau khi h\u1ecfi v\u1ecb \u1ea5y li\u1ec7u v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

(iii) H\u00e0nh x\u1eed lu\u1eadt khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng<\/span> (Am\u016b\u1e37ha Vinaya) <\/i>– T\u0103ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111i\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(iv) V\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1n x\u1eed t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> (Pati\u00f1\u00f1\u0101ta Kara\u1e47a)<\/i>– quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> sau khi b\u00ean li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>.<\/p>\n

(v) Thu\u1eadn Theo<\/span> S\u1ed1 \u0110\u00f4ng (Yebhuyyasika Kamma)<\/i> – b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea7u phi\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> phi\u1ebfu \u0111a s\u1ed1<\/span>.<\/p>\n

(vi) Theo T\u1ed9i C\u1ee7a V\u1ecb \u1ea4y (Tassap\u0101piyasika Kamma) <\/i>– T\u0103ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin, ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ed1i, tr\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

(vii) C\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u1ecf che l\u1ea5p<\/span> (Ti\u1e47avattharaka Kamma) <\/i>– mi\u1ec5n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u1ed9i B\u1ea5t C\u1ecdng<\/span> Tr\u1ee5, T\u0103ng T\u00e0n<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nam n\u1eef<\/span> c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>, khi c\u00e1c b\u00ean tranh t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u0103ng ho\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

(e) <\/i>Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec1u Lu\u1eadt C\u1ee7a T\u1ef3 Kh\u01b0u Ni<\/b><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span> trong \u01afng \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span> d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3 Kh\u01b0u Ni. Danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3 Kh\u01b0u Ni d\u00e0i h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3 Kh\u01b0u Lu\u1eadt T\u1ef3 Kh\u01b0u Ni \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt T\u1ef3 Kh\u01b0u T\u0103ng, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb hai \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt B\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i<\/span> T\u1ef3 Kh\u01b0u Ni.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n
<\/p>\nT\u1ef3 Kh\u01b0u<\/b><\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

T\u1ef3 Kh\u01b0u Ni<\/b><\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/p>\n

(1) B\u1ea5t C\u1ecdng<\/span> Tr\u1ee5
(2) T\u0103ng T\u00e0n<\/span>
(3) B\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/span>
(4) \u01afng X\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span>
(5) \u01afng \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb<\/span>
(6) \u01afng Ph\u00e1t L\u1ed3<\/span>
(7) \u01afng H\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p
(8) \u1ed4n \u0110\u1ecbnh Tranh T\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

4
13
2
30
92
4
75
7<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

8
17
–
30
166
8
75
7<\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng:<\/b><\/i><\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

227<\/b><\/i><\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

311<\/b><\/i><\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/tbody>\n

<\/table>\n

T\u00e1m ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9<\/span> gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> n\u1ea7y d\u00e0nh cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i<\/span> T\u1ef3 Kh\u01b0u v\u00e0 T\u1ef3 Kh\u01b0u Ni \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> trong hai cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt. M\u1ed7i lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n n\u00f3i r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1 ra<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u1ea7y k\u00e8m theo l\u1eddi s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e2u “T\u1ed9i n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t sanh \u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/span> trong nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c<\/span> trong Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/span> trong nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c<\/span>.” Sau l\u1eddi s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u1edf lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span> t\u1eebng ch\u1eef v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

3. \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m<\/span> (Mah\u0101vagga P\u0101\u1e37i).<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Hai cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch k\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m<\/span> l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 III v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m<\/span> l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 IV c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> T\u0103ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong hai cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 Khandhakas,<\/i> m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 T\u1ed1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> t\u1ea1i g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1<\/span>, ng\u00e0i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> ra Lu\u1eadt Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi<\/span>, ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft b\u00e0i Kinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho Nh\u00f3m N\u0103m \u1ea8n s\u0129<\/span> v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> ra T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i Kinh<\/span> Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n<\/span>. Ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> b\u00e0i n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i Kinh<\/span> V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3<\/span> T\u01b0\u1edbng. Hai b\u00e0i Kinh<\/span> n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n Tr\u00edch Y\u1ebfu<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u00edch chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> gi\u00e0u c\u00f3<\/span> nh\u01b0 Yasa t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn quy y<\/span> ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i; v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/span> ho\u1eb1ng truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ti\u1ec1n kho\u00e1ng h\u1eadu<\/span> ‘v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi’ khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quanh ng\u00e0i s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> – nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 an tr\u00fa<\/span> trong Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> A La H\u00e1n<\/span>; ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eadp T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span> ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd<\/span> ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span>; v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 S\u0101riputta, Moggall\u0101na, Mah\u0101 Kassapa, \u0100nanda, Up\u0101li, Angulim\u0101la<\/i> l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span>. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng trong ph\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span>, Upasampad\u0101,<\/i> cho nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn<\/span> c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span> v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh<\/span> cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi th\u1ecd c\u1ee5<\/span> t\u00fac gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp th\u00eam ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5<\/span> Th\u1ecd C\u1ee5<\/span> T\u00fac Gi\u1edbi, h\u1ecdp T\u0103ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n hay m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m ng\u00e0y tr\u0103ng khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00e2m l\u1ecbch<\/span> khi Bi\u1ec7t bi\u1ec7t Gi\u1ea3i Tho\u00e1t Gi\u1edbi<\/span> (P\u0101timokkha)<\/i>, b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span> T\u1ef3 Kh\u01b0u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd tr\u00ec<\/span> v\u00e0o an c\u01b0<\/span> m\u00f9a m\u01b0a (vassa) <\/i>c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a Pav\u0101ran\u0101<\/i>(T\u1ef1 T\u1ee9<\/span>) k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span>, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u m\u1eddi ch\u01b0 huynh \u0111\u1ec7<\/span> ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh<\/span> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, nghe hay nghi ng\u1edd<\/span> v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u0169ng lu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u b\u1ec7nh, d\u00f9ng gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p da v\u00e0 b\u00e0n gh\u1ebf t\u1ee7 gi\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span>. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ec5 D\u00e2ng Y Kathina <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng c\u00fang Y.<\/p>\n

4. Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m<\/span> (C\u016blavagga P\u0101\u1e37i)<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m<\/span> l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 trong t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sanghakamma<\/i>. M\u01b0\u1eddi hai ph\u1ea7n trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ea7y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 T\u0103ng T\u00e0n<\/span> c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> h\u1ecdp T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span>; nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 Pariv\u0101sa <\/i>v\u00e0 M\u0101natta<\/i>v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qui lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch<\/span> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u1eafm, v\u1eadn y, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qui lu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> vi\u1ec7c c\u01b0 x\u1eed<\/span> v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch T\u0103ng, v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o th\u1ecd s\u01b0<\/span> v\u00e0 sa di<\/span>. V\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh<\/span> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u1eefng t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i, c\u00e3i l\u1ed9n<\/span>, tranh t\u1ee5ng, , nh\u1eefng ai k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> th\u00e2n m\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai n\u00f3i l\u1eddi khinh ch\u00ea Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u0103ng (Tajjan\u012bya Kamma); Ukkhepan\u012bya Kamma<\/i>, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0110\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng ai ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i<\/span>; v\u00e0 Pak\u0101san\u012bya<\/i> Kamma<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span> r\u1eb1ng “Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Devadatta l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hay l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span>, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 do t\u01b0 \u00fd Devadatta v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u0103ng.” B\u1ea3n n\u00eau r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 k\u00e8m theo s\u1ef1 t\u00edch<\/span> v\u1ec1 Devadatta ba l\u1ea7n m\u01b0u toan s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 \u00e2m m\u01b0u<\/span> chia r\u1ebd T\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Devadatta.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch<\/span> v\u1ec1 B\u00e0 Mah\u0101paj\u0101pati, d\u00ec m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, th\u1ec9nh T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n<\/span> nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o; Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> l\u1eddi kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 \u0100nanda \u0111\u00e3 thay m\u1eb7t b\u00e0 xin gi\u00fap.<\/p>\n

Hai ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i K\u1ebft T\u1eadp<\/span> Tam T\u1ea1ng<\/span> l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 I t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nhRaj\u0101gaha<\/i> (V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1<\/span>) \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i k\u1ebft t\u1eadp<\/span> l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 II t\u1ea1i R\u1eebng Ves\u0101li <\/i>(Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m<\/span>).<\/p>\n

5. Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng<\/span> T\u1eadp Y\u1ebfu (Pariv\u0101sa P\u0101\u1e37i)<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng<\/span> T\u1eadp Y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 V v\u00e0 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng<\/span> ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa.. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n<\/span> trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9<\/span> ri\u00eang theo ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> li\u00ean quan<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng<\/span> T\u1eadp Y\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> l\u00e0m sao nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n<\/span> ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 tranh t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt, nh\u1eb1m h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh to\u00e0 \u00e1n T\u0103ng S\u1ef1, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tinh th\u00f4ng<\/span> gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span>(Vinayadhara)<\/i>, nghe v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i tranh t\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> tu s\u0129<\/span> hay t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng<\/span> T\u1eadp Y\u1ebfu cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn trong tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> m\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span> Sangha Vinicchaya<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u1eb1m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 tranh t\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> tu s\u0129<\/span> hay t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

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