{"id":7351,"date":"2020-12-03T05:46:03","date_gmt":"2020-12-02T22:46:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/03\/tu-tuong-huu-cua-phai-huu-bo\/"},"modified":"2020-12-03T05:46:03","modified_gmt":"2020-12-02T22:46:03","slug":"tu-tuong-huu-cua-phai-huu-bo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/03\/tu-tuong-huu-cua-phai-huu-bo\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1eefu C\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1i H\u1eefu B\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG<\/span> H\u1eeeU C\u1ee6A PH\u00c1I H\u1eeeU B\u1ed8<\/span> <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00edch H\u1ea1nh B\u00ecnh<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/div>\n

S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng<\/span> nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c<\/span> t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> ho\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt<\/span> gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 g\u00ec \u0111i n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>. <\/b><\/p>\n

1. D\u1eabn lu\u1eadn<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> tri\u1ebft l\u00fd nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span>, kinh s\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba<\/span> c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i<\/span> l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c l\u1eabn nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. D\u1eabu v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta<\/span> d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>, ngang qua c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, n\u00f3 cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>. N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 kinh A h\u00e0m<\/span> hay Nik\u00e0ya cho th\u1ea5y, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00f3at, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>, xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c c\u01b0<\/span> trong r\u1eebng n\u00fai, tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> mang t\u00ednh si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> h\u1eefu bi\u00ean<\/span> hay v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span>, Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span> h\u1eefu chung hay v\u00f4 chung, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hay kh\u00e1c\u2026\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi b\u1ee1i nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> hay t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai<\/span> tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ed9c t\u1eed b\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2018Ng\u00e3 ph\u00e1p h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu\u2019, H\u00f3a \u0110\u1ecba b\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2018Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1ecb lai<\/span> v\u00f4, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00f4 vi<\/span> h\u1eefu\u2019, H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span> l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2018Ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> h\u1eefu\u2019. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh cho r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> ch\u1ea5p h\u1eefu<\/span>, cho n\u00ean Kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u2018T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u2019 hay Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng \u2018Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi t\u00e1nh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng\u2019.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> gi\u1eef th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> im l\u1eb7ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i<\/span>. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> ch\u1ea5p h\u1eefu<\/span>, cho n\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u00eat c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: \u201cC\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 cho n\u00ean c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y sinh cho n\u00ean c\u00e1i kia sinh\u201d m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a \u2018c\u00e1i kia\u2019 t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u2018C\u00e1i n\u00e0y\u2019 c\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u2018H\u1eefu\u2019 (Bh\u00e0va) h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u01b0 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3, do v\u1eady n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n nghi\u00eam t\u00fac t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> b\u1ea3n than c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh g\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e9p g\u00e1n cho<\/span> n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ed3i ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m H\u1eefu (bhava) c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span>, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9c T\u1eed b\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 H\u00f3a \u0110\u1ecba b\u1ed9<\/span> . \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

2. T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u<\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd<\/span> r\u1eb1ng, kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span>: \u201cKinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m\u201d (\u96dc\u963f\u542b\u7d93) v\u00e0 \u201cKinh Trung A-h\u00e0m\u201d (\u4e2d\u963f\u542b\u7d93); Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span> c\u00f3 :\u201cTh\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng Lu\u1eadt\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cC\u0103n B\u1ed5n Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft<\/span> T\u1ef3-n\u1ea1i-da\u201d\uff1bLu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng c\u00f3: 1. \u201cPh\u00e1p U\u1ea9n T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn\u201d (\u6cd5\u860a\u8db3\u8ad6), 2. \u201cT\u1eadp D\u1ecb M\u00f4n T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn\u201d(\u96c6\u7570\u9580\u8db3\u8ad6), 3. \u201cThi Thi\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn\u201d (\u65bd\u8a2d\u8db3\u8ad6), 4. \u201cPh\u1ea9m Lo\u1ea1i T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn\u201d (\u54c1\u985e\u8db3\u8ad6), 5. \u201cGi\u1edbi Th\u00e2n T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn\u201d (\u754c\u8eab\u8db3\u8ad6), 6. \u201cTh\u1ee9c Th\u00e2n T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn\u201d (\u8b58\u8eab\u8db3\u8ad6), 7. \u201cPh\u00e1t Tr\u00ed Lu\u1eadn\u201d (\u767c\u667a\u8ad6) v\u00e0 8. \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa<\/span> Lu\u1eadn\u201d(\u5927\u6bd7\u5a46\u6c99\u8ad6). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 3 t\u1ea1ng th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i trong H\u00e1n T\u1ea1ng. Ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong Kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span> Nam truy\u1ec1n (ti\u1ebfng P\u0152li).<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta<\/span> mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf, ngay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>, ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2<\/span> kh\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span> \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u1ecdc, d\u1eabu r\u1eb1ng H\u00e1n T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f2n, do v\u1eady d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0<\/span> l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>, \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i<\/span>, Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t Thuy\u1ebft H\u1eefu l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>, ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> c\u0169ng chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0<\/span> c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n<\/span> cho th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i<\/span>. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> ch\u1ea5p h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>, th\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>.<\/p>\n

3. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

3.1 Tam th\u1ebf<\/span> h\u1eefu<\/b><\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 18 hay 20 ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>, thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9<\/span>. \u0110\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn, H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> sau ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ed9c T\u1eed<\/span> v\u00e0 Ho\u00e1 \u0110\u1ecba B\u1ed9<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc hai ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf H\u1eefu<\/span> (Vasumitra) \u0111\u00e3 ghi trong \u201cD\u1ecb B\u1ed9 T\u00f4ng Lu\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn\u201d1. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> l\u00e0, n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> \u201cTh\u1ee9c Th\u00e2n T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn\u201d ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a hai ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a hai ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc, H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span> m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/span>.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span>, do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span> tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span> ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng: \u2018qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1ecb lai<\/span> v\u00f4, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00f4 vi<\/span> h\u1eefu\u2019 (\u904e\u53bb\u4f4d\u4f86\u7121\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u7121\u70ba\u6709) c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Ho\u00e1 \u0110\u1ecba b\u1ed9<\/span>, v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u2018ng\u00e3 (pudgala) h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu\u2019(\u6211\u6046\u6709)2 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ed9c T\u1eed B\u1ed9<\/span>, do v\u1eady ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>: \u2018Tam th\u1ebf th\u1eadt h\u1eefu<\/span>, ph\u00e1p th\u1ec3<\/span> h\u1eb1ng t\u1ed3n\u2019 (\u4e09\u4e16\u5be6\u6709\uff0c\u6cd5\u9ad4\u6046\u5b58). C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng, 3 th\u1eddi (qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u1ecb lai<\/span>) l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tam th\u1ebf<\/span> h\u1eefu ? Trong \u201cTh\u1ee9c Th\u00e2n T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn\u201d c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n:<\/p>\n

\u6c99\u9580\u76ee\u9023\u4f5c\u5982\u662f\u8aaa\uff1a\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u672a\u4f86\u7121\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u7121\u70ba\u6709\u3002\u61c9\u554f\u5f7c\u8a00\uff1a\u6c5d\u7136\u6b64\u4e0d\u8b02\u5951\u7d93\u4e2d\u4e16\u5c0a\u5584\u8a9e\u5584\u8a5e\u5584\u8aaa\uff1a\u82e5\u6709\u5167\u773c\u7d50\uff0c\u5982 \u5be6\u4e86\u77e5\u6211\u6709\u5167\u773c\u7d50\uff1b\u82e5\u7121\u5167\u773c\u7d50\uff0c\u5982\u5be6\u4e86\u77e5\u6211\u7121\u5167\u773c\u7d50\u2026..\u5f7c\u7b54\u8a00\uff1a\u723e\u2026\u82e5\u8a00\u77e5\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u61c9\u8aaa\uff1a\u6709\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c9\u7121\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u8a00\uff1a\u904e\u53bb\u7121\u4e0d\u61c9\u9053\u7406\u3002\u82e5\u8a00\uff1a\u77e5\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u61c9\u8aaa\uff1a \u6709\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d \u61c9\uff1a\u7121\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u8a00\uff1a\u672a\u4f86\u7121\u4e0d\u61c9\u9053\u7406\u20263<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n

T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span> Muc Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean (Mah\u0152maudgaly\u0152yana) \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn<\/span>: N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 (Ho\u00e1 \u0110\u1ecba B\u1ed9<\/span>) cho r\u1eb1ng\uff0ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> c\u00f9ng v\u1ecb lai<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi<\/span> trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng, trong kinh \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ec1 T\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y: N\u1ebfu con m\u1eaft c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>, n\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt<\/span> bi\u1ebft: con m\u1eaft c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>; N\u1ebfu con m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt<\/span> tu\u1ec7 tri<\/span>, m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o\u2026Ho\u00e1 \u0110\u1ecba B\u1ed9 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u2026N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i: bi\u1ebft qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9\u2019, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span>: \u2018c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9\u2019 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u01b0; c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span>; N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i \u2018bi\u1ebft v\u1ecb lai\u2019 n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb lai<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> \u2018kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb lai\u2019, cho r\u1eb1ng \u2018kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb lai<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdp l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n v\u1eeba d\u1eabn tr\u00ean, l\u00e0 l\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Ho\u00e1 \u0110\u1ecba B\u1ed9<\/span>. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span> l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> A h\u00e0m4, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span>, trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> ta \u0111\u00e3 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia\u2019, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00f3 \u2018qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9\u2019; N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta<\/span> n\u00f3i: \u2018hy v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia\u2019. C\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00f3 \u2018v\u1ecb lai\u2019. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u01b0ong lai th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u2018t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u1ebf kia\u2019, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span> t\u00f4i \u01b0\u1edbc mong<\/span> trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia\u2019. Do v\u1eady x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng c\u00f9ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> n\u00e0y, trong \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa<\/span> Lu\u1eadn\u201d c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n:<\/p>\n

\u5fa9\u6709\u611a\u65bc\u4e09\u4e16\u81ea\u6027\uff0c\u8b02\u64a5\u7121\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u57f7\u73fe\u5728\u662f\u7121\u70ba\u6cd5\u3002\u70ba\u6b62\u5f7c\u610f\uff0c\u986f\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u672a\u4f86\u9ad4\u76f8\u5be6\u6709\uff0c\u53ca\u986f\u73fe\u5728\u662f\u6709\u70ba\u6cd5\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u8005\u4f55\uff1f\u82e5\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u672a\u4f86\u975e\u5be6\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u61c9\u7121\u6210\u5c31\u53ca\u4e0d\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u5982\u7b2c\u4e8c\u982d\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u624b\u3001\u7b2c\u516d\u860a\u3001\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u8655\u3001\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u754c\u3002\u7121\u6709\u6210 \u5c31\u53ca\u4e0d\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u672a\u4f86\u6cd5\u4ea6\u61c9\u723e\uff1b\u65e2\u6709\u6210\u5c31\u53ca\u4e0d\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u6545\u77e5\u5be6\u6709\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u672a\u4f86\u30025<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 k\u1ebb ngu mu\u1ed9i<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a 3 \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 th\u1eeb nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi<\/span> trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. V\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang khai ng\u1ed9<\/span>, cho n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb lai<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3, va hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi<\/span>. \u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ? C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u2018th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u\u2019 hay \u2018kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u\u2019 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00f3 tay th\u1ee9 ba, (trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>) c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 6 u\u1ea9n, 13 x\u1ee9, 19 gi\u1edbi v.v\u2026.N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u2018th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u\u2019, th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u2018qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai\u2019; Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u2018th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u\u2019 th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00f3 \u2018qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai\u2019.<\/p>\n

Qua \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9c T\u1eed B\u1ed9<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed9c T\u1eed B\u1ed9<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng, Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u1ecb lai<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 vi<\/span> m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1eadt; Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng cho nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian<\/span> v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u1ecb lai<\/span> v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u2018th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u\u2019 hay \u2018kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u\u20196 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai<\/span> th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span>: V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u2018hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i\u2019 m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u2018qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai\u2019 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u00e2u \u2018tam th\u1ebf th\u1eadt h\u1eefu\u2019 c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span>. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u2018kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u1ecb lai<\/span> v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i\u2019 trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>.<\/p>\n

3.2 B\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng cho r\u1eb1ng, 3 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng, th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. \u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ? \u0110\u1ec3 cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ngang qua ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0y. Theo \u201cTh\u1ee9c Th\u00e2n T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn\u201d gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>:<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n:<\/p>\n

\u6709\u516d\u8b58\u8eab\uff0c\u8b02\uff1a\u773c\u8b58\u3001\u8033\u3001\u9f3b\u3001\u820c\u3001\u8eab\u3001\u610f\u8b58\u3002\u773c\u8272\u70ba\u7de3\u751f\u773c\u8b58\u3002\u5982\u662f\u773c\u8b58\u552f\u80fd\u8b58\u8af8\u8272\uff0c\u975e\u88dc\u7279\u4f3d\u7f85\uff0c\u6b64\u88dc\u7279\u4f3d\u7f85\u975e \u773c\u8b58\u6240\u8b58\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u8af8\u8272\u70ba\u773c\u8b58\u6240\u8b58\u3002\u662f\u6545\u6b64\u773c\u8b58\u975e\u88dc\u7279\u4f3d\u7f85\u30027<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n

6 th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n<\/span> bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c<\/span>, nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c<\/span>, thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c<\/span>, th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Nh\u00e3n s\u1eafc (s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p<\/span>) l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> l\u00e0m sanh kh\u1edfi<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00e1c s\u1eafc, n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 B\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la (pudgala)\uff0cn\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u1eafc m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Do v\u1eady, nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 B\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la (ng\u00e3).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ed9c T\u1eed B\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2018ng\u00e3 ph\u00e1p h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu\u2019, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u2018ng\u00e3\u2019 v\u00e0 \u2018ph\u00e1p\u2019 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span>. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u2018Ng\u00e3\u2019 ch\u1ec9 cho tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>, linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>, hay ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Th\u1eadt ra, \u0110\u1ed9c T\u1eed B\u1ed9<\/span> kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u2018ng\u00e3\u2019 m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 pudgala, ti\u1ebfng Hoa d\u1ecbch \u00e2m l\u00e0 B\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la (\u88dc\u7279\u4f3d\u7f85), \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a hai t\u1eeb n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nhau; \u2018Ph\u00e1p\u2019 hay n\u00f3i<\/span> \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u2018s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p\u2019 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 r\u00e8pa. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00ec kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u2018s\u1eafc\u2019 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a bao<\/span> g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u2018bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc\u2019 (vij\u2013apti-r\u00e8pa, \u8868\u8272) v\u00e0 \u2018v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc\u2019((avij\u2013apti-r\u00e8pa\uff0c\u7121\u8868\u8272). Bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> hay \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u1ea1i<\/span>; V\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>. kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u2018ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9\u2019, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng qua n\u1ed9i dung \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n v\u1eeba d\u1eabn tr\u00ean, n\u00f3 cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span> nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> \u2018Ng\u00e3 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu\u2019 hay \u2018B\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la (pudgala) h\u1eefu\u2019 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9c T\u1eed B\u1ed9<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng qua \u0111\u1ecdan v\u0103n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> \u2018ph\u00e1p h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu\u2019. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c<\/span> c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> \u2018Ph\u00e1p h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu\u2019 . Nh\u01b0 trong \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa<\/span> Lu\u1eadn\u201d gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n:<\/p>\n

\u6211\u6709\u4e8c\u7a2e\uff1a\u4e00\u8005\uff0c\u6cd5\u6211\uff1b\u4e8c\u8005\uff0c\u88dc\u7279\u4f3d\u7f85\u6211\u3002\u5584\u8aaa\u6cd5\u8005\uff0c\u552f\u8aaa\u5be6\u6709\u6cd5\u6211\uff0c\u6cd5\u6027\u5be6\u6709\uff0c\u5982\u5be6\u898b\u6545\u4e0d\u540d\u60e1\u898b\u3002\u5916\u9053\u4ea6\u8aaa\uff1a \u5be6\u6709\u88dc\u7279\u4f3d\u7f85\u6211\u3002\u88dc\u7279\u4f3d\u7f85\u975e\u5be6\u6709\u6027\u3001\u865b\u5984\u898b\uff0c\u6545\u540d\u70ba\u60e1\u898b\u30028<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e3 c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i\uff1am\u1ed9t l\u00e0\u2018ph\u00e1p ng\u00e3\u2019, hai l\u00e0 \u2018B\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7c gi\u00e0 la<\/span> ng\u00e3\u2019. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng: Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u2018ph\u00e1p ng\u00e3\u2019 l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span>. K\u1ebb ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng, th\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u2018B\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7c gi\u00e0 la<\/span> ng\u00e3\u2019. Th\u1eadt ra B\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7c gi\u00e0 la<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt t\u00e1nh<\/span>, n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng<\/span>, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1c ki\u1ebfn<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u2018ng\u00e3\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ed3m hai ph\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \u2018ph\u00e1p ng\u00e3\u2019, hai l\u00e0 \u2018B\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7c gi\u00e0 la<\/span> ng\u00e3\u2019. Theo H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> \u2018ph\u00e1p ng\u00e3\u2019 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3. \u2018B\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7c gi\u00e0 la<\/span> ng\u00e3\u2019 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u1ea3 h\u1ecdp, kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f3, v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span>, 5 u\u1ea9n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, n\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> c\u00e1i g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018ph\u00e1p ng\u00e3\u2019(\u6cd5\u6211) ? Th\u1eadt ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u2018ph\u00e1p ng\u00e3\u2019 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> \u00e1m ch\u1ec9<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c \u2018s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p\u2019 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. \u2018S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n:<\/p>\n

\u4e91\u4f55\u8272\u6cd5\uff1f\u7b54\u66f0\uff1a\u5341\u5165\u3001\u4e00\u5165\u5c11\u5206\u3002\u5341\u5165\u8005\uff0c\u773c\u3001\u8033\u3001\u9f3b\u3001\u820c\u3001\u8eab\u3001\u8272\u3001\u8072\u3001\u9999\u3001\u5473\u3001\u89f8\uff1b\u4e00\u5165\u5c11\u5206\u8005\uff0c\u8b02\uff1a\u6cd5\u5165\u3002 \u4e91\u4f55\u7121\u8272\u6cd5\uff1f\u7b54\u66f0\uff1a\u4e00\u5165\uff0c\u8b02\uff1a\u610f\u5165\uff0c\u4e00\u5165\u5c11\u5206\uff0c\u8b02\uff1a\u6cd5\u5165\u3002\u554f\u66f0\uff1a\u4e91\u4f55\u540d\u8272\u6cd5\uff1f\u4e91\u4f55\u540d\u7121\u8272\u6cd5\uff1f\u7b54\u66f0\uff1a\u82e5\u6cd5\u540d\u662f\u8272 \uff0c\u9ad4\u662f\u8272\u662f\u8272\uff1b\u82e5\u6cd5\u540d\u975e\u8272\uff0c\u9ad4\u975e\u8272\u662f\u7121\u8272\u3002\u5fa9\u6b21\u82e5\u6cd5\uff0c\u9ad4\u662f\u56db\u5927\uff0c\u53ca\u56db\u5927\u9020\u662f\u8272\uff1b\u82e5\u6cd5\u9ad4\u975e\u56db\u5927\uff0c\u975e\u56db\u5927\u9020\u662f\u7121\u8272 \u30029<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p\uff1f\u0110\u00e1p\uff1a10 x\u1ee9 (c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 (=ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9) x\u1ee9. 10 x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1eafc, thinh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p; M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9<\/span>. C\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc<\/span> ph\u00e1p\uff1f\u0110\u00e1p: M\u1ed9t trong 12 x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 \u2018\u00fd x\u1ee9\u2019 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9<\/span>. H\u1ecfi: C\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p\u2019\uff1fC\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018v\u00f4 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p\u2019\uff1f\u0110\u00e1p\uff1aC\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc, g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p<\/span>; Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 phi s\u1eafc<\/span>, t\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc<\/span>. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 do t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc; Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng do t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u00ec ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p<\/span> r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> hi\u1ebfu, ph\u00e2n chia<\/span> s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p<\/span> l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i: h\u1eefu s\u1eafc<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc<\/span>. \u2018h\u1eefu s\u1eafc\u2019 hay n\u00f3i<\/span> \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u2018bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc\u2019 l\u00e0 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span> (r\u00e8pa-skandha) trong 5 u\u1ea9n (pa\u2013ca-skandha); l\u00e0 10 x\u1ee9 (: nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1eafc, thinh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac) trong 12 x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u2018ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9\u2019. Hay n\u00f3i<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1c kh\u00e1c, t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec do t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t (p\u00a8thiv\u00b4-dh\u0152tu) n\u01b0\u1edbc (jala-dh\u0152tu\uff0cap-dh\u0152tu) gi\u00f3 (v\u0152yu-dh\u0152tu) l\u1eeda (agni-dh\u0152tu) t\u1ea1o ra, c\u00e1i \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018s\u1eafc\u2019 (r\u00e8pa). C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> (catur-m\u0152h\u0152bh\u00e8t\u0152ni) m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh<\/span>, m\u00f9i th\u01a1m<\/span> th\u00fai, v\u1ecb ngon ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1eafng cay\u2026, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p<\/span>. Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span> c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u2018ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9\u2019 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a 5 ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p\u2019, hay n\u00f3i<\/span> cho \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u2018v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc\u2019. C\u00e1i g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018phi s\u1eafc\u2019 ? l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng do t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u2018th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n\u2019 trong 5 u\u1ea9n, \u2018\u00fd x\u1ee9\u2019 trong 12 x\u1ee9, hay n\u00f3i<\/span> c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m, \u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u2018s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p\u2019. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd, s\u1eafc (r\u00e8pa) m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> cho l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1i do t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>, xe c\u1ed9.v.v\u2026\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 ? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> d\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> th\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u2018c\u1ef1c vi\u2019, l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> n\u00e0o nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef3 b\u00e0 Sa<\/span> Lu\u1eadn\u201d gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n:<\/p>\n

\u554f\uff1a\u5f7c\u6975\u5fae\u91cf\u5fa9\u4e91\u4f55\u77e5\uff1f\u7b54\uff1a\u61c9\u77e5\u6975\u5fae\u662f\u6700\u7d30\u8272\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u65b7\u622a\u3001\u7834\u58de\u3001\u8cab\u7a7f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u6368\u2026\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7779\u898b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef \u807d\u805e\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u55c5\u5617\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6469\u89f8\uff0c\u6545\u8aaa\u6975\u5fae\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u7d30\u8272\u3002\u6b64\u4e03\u6975\u5fae\u6210\u4e00\u5fae\u5875\u2026\u4e03\u5fae\u5875\u6210\u4e00\u9285\u5875\u2026\u4e03\u9285\u5875\u6210\u4e00\u6c34\u5875\u2026\u4e03\u6c34 \u5875\u6210\u4e00\u5154\u6beb\u5875\u202610<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c vi<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\uff1f\u0110\u00e1p: C\u1ef1c vi<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft x\u00e9n, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i<\/span>, x\u1ecf xuy\u00ean, l\u1ea5y b\u1ecf\u2026ph\u00e2n chia..c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y, d\u00f9ng tai nghe, m\u0169i ng\u01b0\u1edfi v\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m, v\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c vi<\/span>, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf. 7 c\u1ef1c vi<\/span> k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t vi tr\u1ea7n\u2026b\u1ea3y vi tr\u1ea7n<\/span> k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh 1 \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea7n,\u2026, 7 \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea7n k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh 1 th\u1ee7y tr\u1ea7n\u2026, 7 th\u1ee7y tr\u1ea7n<\/span> k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh 1 s\u1ee3i l\u00f4ng th\u1ecf\u2026<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> cho l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u2018s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p\u2019. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1eafc m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3, v\u00ec n\u00f3 do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> k\u1ebft h\u1ecdp m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1eafc n\u00e0o l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u1eadt c\u00f3 ? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u2018c\u1ef1c vi s\u1eafc\u2019, l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1ecf cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia<\/span>, ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y, tai nghe, m\u0169i ng\u01b0\u1edfi, l\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u1ebfm v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nghe, ng\u01b0\u1edfi, n\u1ebfm v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ecdp nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c vi<\/span> l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> l\u00e0, 7 c\u1ef1c vi<\/span> k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh 1 vi tr\u1ea7n<\/span>, 7 vi tr\u1ea7n<\/span> k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh 1 th\u1ee7y tr\u1ea7n<\/span>, 7 th\u1ee7y tr\u1ea7n<\/span> k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh 1 \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ee3i l\u00f4ng th\u1ecf. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1eafc m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, s\u1edd m\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3, v\u00ec do v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> c\u1ef1c vi<\/span> k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. Do v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, s\u1ee3i l\u00f4ng th\u1ecf l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ef1c vi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i l\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1eadt. Theo H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span> n\u1ebfu c\u1ef1c vi<\/span> l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 th\u00ec s\u1ee3i l\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. C\u1ef1c vi<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, c\u00e1i g\u00ec do t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> \u2018ph\u00e1p th\u1ec3 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu\u2019 c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c vi<\/span> \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebd r\u1eddi r\u1ea1t m\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ecdp h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do<\/span> t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> 6 nh\u00e2n (sad-hetu) 4 duy\u00ean (catvara-pratyaya). Hay n\u00f3i<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1c kh\u00e1c \u20186 nh\u00e2n 4 duy\u00ean\u2019 l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span>, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> qui lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong th\u1ebf gian<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y thuy\u1ebft Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> (prat\u00ectya samutp\u00e0da) hay 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> (Dv\u00e0das\u00e0ngaprat\u00ectya samutp\u00e0da) gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> thuy\u1ebft 6 nh\u00e2n 4 duy\u00ean ? S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa thuy\u1ebft 3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y\uff1fTheo ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span> n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng m\u1ed7i h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, thuy\u1ebft Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> l\u00e0: \u2018C\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 cho n\u00ean c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng cho n\u00ean c\u00e1i kia kh\u00f4ng\u201911. V\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>, ph\u00e1p duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> l\u00e0 qui lu\u1eadt chung, nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m hay thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00fd<\/span> gi\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0o trong hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y, th\u00ec nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y v\u1eabn v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m r\u00f5 rang v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> l\u00fd do<\/span> t\u1ea1i sao n\u1ed5i \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u00f9ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>, m\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh thuy\u1ebft 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span>, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i n\u1ed5i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> t\u1ea1i sao sinh ra v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> chuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> quan t\u00e2m<\/span> th\u01b0\u1ed9c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>, do v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> 12 duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00fd<\/span> gi\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u1ecdai di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> c\u0103n c\u1ee9 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd chung c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh thuy\u1ebft 6 nh\u00e2n 4 duy\u00ean, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n g\u1eafng li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, n\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/span> ch\u00fang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, c\u00f3 hay l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do<\/span> t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span>: \u20183 \u0111\u1eddi th\u1eadt c\u00f3, th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng\u201912. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do<\/span> t\u1ea1i sao trong \u201cTrung Lu\u1eadn\u201d ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u2018Ph\u1ea9m qu\u00e1n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean\u2019 Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> c\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c<\/span> ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> \u2018Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean\u2019. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y chug ta c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, t\u1eeb \u2018nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean\u2019 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb 6 nh\u00e2n 4 duy\u00ean l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span>, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> \u2018Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi\u2019 (prat\u00ectya samutp\u00e0da) hay thuy\u1ebft \u201812 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean\u2019 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. V\u00ec \u20186 nh\u00e2n 4 duy\u00ean\u2019 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span>, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, hay n\u00f3i<\/span> \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, thuy\u1ebft minh<\/span> b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3. Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa<\/span> Lu\u1eadn\u201d gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>:<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n:<\/p>\n

\u82e5\u6cd5\u8207\u5f7c\u6cd5\u4f5c\u56e0\uff0c\u6216\u6642\u6b64\u6cd5\u4e0d\u8207\u5f7c\u6cd5\u4f5c\u56e0\u8036\uff1f\u7b54\uff1a\u7121\u6642\u975e\u56e0\u3002\u554f\uff1a\u4f55\u6545\u4f5c\u6b64\u8ad6\uff1f\u7b54\uff1a\u70ba\u6b62\u611a\u65bc\u56e0\u7de3\u6cd5\u57f7\u56e0\u7de3\u6027\u975e\u5be6\u6709 \u8005\u610f\uff0c\u986f\u56e0\u7de3\u6cd5\u9ad4\u6027\u5be6\u6709\u6545\u4f5c\u65af\u8ad6\u300213<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n

Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n cho ph\u00e1p kia, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n cho ph\u00e1p kia ? \u0110\u00e1p\uff1aKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o (s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n. H\u1ecfi\uff1aL\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> n\u00e0y\uff1f\u0110\u00e1p\uff1aV\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba<\/span> k\u1ebb ngu mu\u1ed9i<\/span> c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p<\/span> v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng, t\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, do v\u1eady l\u00e0m sang t\u1ecf th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3, cho n\u00ean th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Qua n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a d\u1eabn v\u0103n cho th\u1ea5y, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> thuy\u1ebft 6 nh\u00e2n 4 duy\u00ean nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng<\/span> duy\u00ean, hay n\u00f3i<\/span> \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> thuy\u1ebft 6 nh\u00e2n 4 duy\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u<\/span> h\u01a1n, theo c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c vi<\/span>. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c vi<\/span> \u1ea5y th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, nghe hay c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\uff1fC\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do 6 nh\u00e2n 4 duy\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> nghi v\u1ea5n<\/span> n\u00e0y. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> trong c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 trong \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa<\/span> Lu\u1eadn\u201d \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft 6 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n:<\/p>\n

\u8aaa\u516d\u56e0\u7fa9\u7686\u4e0d\u76e1\u6545\uff0c\u82e5\u4f5c\u76e1\u7406\u7121\u9918\u8aaa\u8005\uff0c\u61c9\u4f5c\u662f\u8aaa\uff1b\u4e91\u4f55\u76f8\u61c9\u56e0\uff1f\u8b02\uff1a\u4e00\u5207\u5fc3\u3001\u5fc3\u6240\u6cd5\uff1b\u4e91\u4f55\u4ff1\u6709\u56e0\uff1f\u8b02\uff1a\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u70ba \u6cd5\uff1b\u4e91\u4f55\u540c\u985e\u56e0\uff1f\u8b02\uff1a\u4e00\u5207\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u6cd5\uff1b\u4e91\u4f55\u904d\u884c\u56e0\uff1f\u8b02\uff1a\u4e00\u5207\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u904d\u884c\u96a8\u7720\uff0c\u53ca\u5f7c\u76f8\u61c9\u4ff1\u6709\u6cd5\uff1b\u4e91\u4f55\u7570\u719f \u56e0\uff1f\u8b02\uff1a\u4e00\u5207\u4e0d\u5584\u53ca\u5584\u6709\u6f0f\u6cd5\uff1b\u4e91\u4f55\u80fd\u4f5c\u56e0\uff1f\u8b02\uff1a\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u300214<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft 6 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn<\/span>, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, do v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y. C\u00e1i g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng nh\u00e2n\u2019\uff1fL\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf\uff1bC\u00e1i g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018c\u00e2u h\u1eefu nh\u00e2n\u2019\uff1fL\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1eefu vi\uff1bC\u00e1i g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018\u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n\u2019L\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i\uff1bC\u00e1i g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n\u2019\uff1fL\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00f9y mien, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 lien h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn \u2018t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng nh\u00e2n\u2019 v\u00e0 \u2018c\u00e2u h\u1eefu nh\u00e2n\u2019\uff1bC\u00e1i g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n\u2019L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> va h\u1eefu l\u1eadu\uff1bC\u00e1i g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018n\u0103ng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n\u2019\uff1fL\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, 6 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0: 1. \u2018T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng nh\u00e2n\u2019 (samprayukta-hetu) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, con m\u1eaft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p<\/span>, l\u1ed7 tai t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi \u00e2m thanh\u2026.; 2. \u2018C\u00e2u h\u1eefu nh\u00e2n\u2019 (sahabhu-hetu) hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018c\u1ecdng h\u1eefu nh\u00e2n\u2019, \u2018c\u1ecdng sanh nh\u00e2n\u2019 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n, trong nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3; 3. \u2018\u0110\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n\u2019 (sabh\u0152ga-hetu) c\u00f2 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n nh\u00e2n, \u2018t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7ng nh\u00e2n\u2019 , c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c h\u1eefu l\u1eadu<\/span>, t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> c\u00f9ng thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/span>, \u00e1c ph\u00e1p<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> v\u1edbi \u00e1c ph\u00e1p<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/span>; 4. \u2018Bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n\u2019 (sarvatraga-hetu) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e0o, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>; 5. \u2018D\u1ecb th\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n\u2019 (vip\u0152ka-hetu) ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 chiu c\u1ea3m thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c<\/span> nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3<\/span> c\u1ee7a 3 \u0111\u1eddi; 6. \u2018N\u0103ng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n\u2019 (k\u0152rana-hetu), c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018s\u1edf t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n\u2019 \u2018t\u00f9y t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n\u2019, ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ea3n than c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh ra c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh c\u1ecf; con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sanh suy t\u01b0\u2026\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft 6 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1eed t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a 4 duy\u00ean. Trong \u201cPh\u00e1t Tr\u00ed Lu\u1eadn\u201d \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n:<\/p>\n

\u6709\u56db\u7de3\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u56e0\u7de3\uff1b\u4e8c\u3001\u7b49\u7121\u9593\u7de3\uff1b\u4e09\u3001\u6240\u7de3\u7de3\uff1b\u56db\u3001\u589e\u4e0a\u7de3\u300215<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 4 duy\u00ean: 1. Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span>; 2. \u0110\u1eb3ng v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n duy\u00ean<\/span>; 3. S\u1edf duy\u00ean duy\u00ean<\/span>; 4. T\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy\u00ean<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi 4 duy\u00ean (catvara-pratyaya) l\u00e0: 1. \u2018Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean\u2019 (hetu-pratyaya), t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9<\/span> cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh ra c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh ra m\u1ea7m c\u00e2y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7m c\u00e2y; 2. \u2018\u0110\u1eb3ng v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n<\/span> duy\u00ean\u2019 (samanantara-pratyaya) l\u00e0 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i duy\u00ean li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u00edt th\u1edf, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, c\u00e1c duy\u00ean n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u00edt th\u1edf, th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> u\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u2018\u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n<\/span> duy\u00ean\u2019 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>; 3. S\u1edf duy\u00ean duy\u00ean<\/span> (\u02c6lambana-pratyaya), t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9<\/span> cho \u2018ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9\u2019 trong 12 x\u1ee9, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>; 4. \u2018T\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy\u00ean\u2019 (abhipati-pratyaya) ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap cho nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u2026l\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span>, c\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean<\/span> n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018T\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy\u00ean\u2019. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft 4 duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Qua n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft 6 nh\u00e2n 4 duy\u00ean, n\u00f3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1<\/span> h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1edf th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u2018c\u1ef1c vi\u2019 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nghe ng\u01b0\u1edfi n\u1ebfm v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft 6 nh\u00e2n 4 duy\u00ean n\u00e0y, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ef1c vi<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong s\u1ef1 r\u1eddi r\u1ea1t, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> do \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span>, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh<\/span> l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> \u2018th\u1eadt h\u1eefu\u2019 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0<\/span> c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>: \u2018Th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3\u2019 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng, thuy\u1ebft 6 nh\u00e2n 4 duy\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u1eadt c\u00f3.16<\/p>\n

4. K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span>, \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, do \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> mang t\u00ednh si\u00eau h\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n hay kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra g\u1ea1n g\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3. Sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t<\/span>, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span> n\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebf s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i<\/span>. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng, \u2018Ng\u00e3 ph\u00e1p h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu\u2019 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9c T\u1eed b\u1ed9<\/span>, v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>: \u2018qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1ecb lai<\/span> v\u00f4, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00f4 vi<\/span> h\u1eefu\u2019 c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e1 \u0110\u1ecba B\u1ed9<\/span>, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>: \u2018Tam th\u1ebf th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu, ph\u00e1p th\u1ec3<\/span> h\u1eb1ng t\u1ed3n\u2019 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span>. \u2018Tam th\u1ebf h\u1eefu\u2019 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai<\/span>, 3 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eddi gian<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian<\/span> th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u00fang hay sai, c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi<\/span> kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian<\/span>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span>. X\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng, \u2018Ng\u00e3 ph\u00e1p h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu\u2019 hay \u2018qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1ecb lai<\/span> v\u00f4, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> h\u1eefu, hay \u2018Ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> h\u1eefu\u2019\u2026 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> si\u00eau h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u00fd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> si\u00eau h\u00ecnh trong th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> gi\u1eef th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> im l\u1eb7ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>, th\u00ec sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t<\/span>, sau \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng<\/span> nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c<\/span> t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> ho\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt<\/span> gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 g\u00ec \u0111i n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span>, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> s\u1ebd m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u2018t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng\u2019 c\u1ee7a Kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3<\/span> hay t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u2018duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi t\u00e1nh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng\u2019 c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ecd<\/span>. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> trong Kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3<\/span> hay c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span>. Th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 suy \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> tra c\u1ee9u<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> t\u1eeb hai ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a hai h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

_____________________________<\/p>\n

KINH S\u00c1CH THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/span><\/p>\n

-\u201cKinh T\u1ea1p A h\u00e0m\u201d, Vi\u1ec7n NCPHVN \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/p>\n

-\u201cKinh Trung A h\u00e0m\u201d, Vi\u1ec7n NCPHVN \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/p>\n

-\u300a\u767c\u667a\u8ad6\u300b(CBETA, T26\uff0cNo.1544)\u3002<\/p>\n

-\u300a\u5927\u6bd7\u5a46\u6c99\u8ad6\u300b(CBETA ,T27\uff0cNo.1545)\u3002<\/p>\n

-\u300a\u963f\u6bd7\u66c7\u5a46\u6c99\u8ad6\u300b(CBETA, T28\uff0cNo.1546)\u3002<\/p>\n

-\u300a\u8b58\u8eab\u8db3\u8ad6\u300b(CBETA, T26\uff0cNo.1539).<\/p>\n

-\u300a\u7570\u90e8\u5b97\u8f2a\u8ad6\u300b(CBETA, T49).<\/p>\n

1 Theo \u201cD\u1ecb B\u1ed9 T\u00f4ng Lu\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn\u201d (D\u1ecb B\u1ed9<\/span>) ghi: s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1i H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ed9c T\u1eed b\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 Ho\u00e1 \u0110\u1ecba B\u1ed9<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdp l\u00fd, v\u00ec \u201cTh\u1ee9c Th\u00e2n T\u00fac lu\u1eadn\u201d l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e1 \u0110\u1ecba b\u1ed9<\/span>. Do v\u1eady, Ho\u00e1 \u0110\u1ecba B\u1ed9<\/span> l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/p>\n

2 \u0110\u1ed9c T\u1eed B\u1ed9<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng: \u2018Ng\u00e3 Ph\u00e1p h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu\u2019. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> n\u00e0y H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u2018ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu\u2019, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span> nh\u1eadn \u2018Ng\u00e3 h\u1eefu\u2019. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u2018Ng\u00e3\u2019 v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018Ng\u00e3\u2019 m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018Pudgala\u2019, Hoa d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u88dc\u7279\u4f3d\u7f85(B\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u00e0 la<\/span>).<\/p>\n

3 Xin tham kh\u1ea3o<\/span>:\u300a\u963f\u6bd7\u9054\u78e8\u8b58\u8eab\u8db3\u8ad6\u300b(T26\uff0c\uff0c No. 1539, p. 533a).<\/p>\n

4 V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u201cKinh Trung A h\u00e0m\u201d \u2018Kinh \u00d4n Tuy\u1ec1n L\u00e2m<\/span> Thi\u00ean\u2019 ghi r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u2026N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 Hi\u1ec1n<\/span>, T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span> qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f3 s\u1eafc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft b\u1ee1i s\u1eafc, kh\u1ea3 \u00fd<\/span>, kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c, kh\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m\u2026.N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 Hi\u1ec1n<\/span>, n\u1ebfu T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span> c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n, s\u1eafc v\u00e0 nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb lai<\/span> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i t\u00e2m mong \u01b0\u1edbc\u2026\u201d (Vi\u00ean NCPHVN \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh<\/span>, 1992, trang 691~892).<\/p>\n

5 \u5510\uff0e\u7384\u5958\u8b6f\uff1a\u300a\u5927\u6bd7\u5a46\u6c99\u8ad6\u300b\u3008\u7d50\u860a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2d\u5341\u9580\u7d0d\u606f\u3009(T27\uff0cNo.1545\uff0cp.393a)\u3002<\/p>\n

6 H\u0169u B\u1ed9 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span> trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> A h\u00e0m<\/span> hay Nik\u00e0ya, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>, n\u1ebfu T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span> si\u00eang n\u0103ng tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> n\u00e0y; N\u1ebfu T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span> bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>.<\/p>\n

7 \u300a\u8b58\u8eab\u8db3\u8ad6\u300b(T26\uff0cNo.1539\uff0cp.545b).<\/p>\n

8 \u5510\uff0e\u7384\u5958\u8b6f\uff1a\u300a\u6bd7\u5a46\u6c99\u8ad6\u300b\u5377\u7b2c\u4e5d(T27\uff0cNo.1545\uff0cp.41c)\u3002<\/p>\n

9 \u5510\uff0e\u7384\u5958\u8b6f\uff1a\u300a\u963f\u6bd7\u66c7\u5a46\u6c99\u8ad6\u300b(T28\uff0cNo.1546\uff0cp.281c~292a)\u3002<\/p>\n

10 \u300a\u5927\u6bd8\u5a46\u6c99\u8ad6\u300b\u5377\u7b2c\u4e00\u767e (T27\uff0c No. 1545\uff0cP.702a).<\/p>\n

11 HT. Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau d\u1ecbch, \u201cKinh T\u1ea1p A h\u00e0m\u201d, Kinh s\u1ed1 298, Vi\u1ec7n NCPHVN \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh<\/span>, trang 632.<\/p>\n

12\u300a\u5927\u6bd8\u5a46\u6c99\u8ad6\u300b (T27\uff0cNo.1545\uff0cp.79a).<\/p>\n

13\u300a\u5927\u6bd8\u5a46\u6c99\u8ad6\u300b (T27\uff0cNo.1545\uff0cp.982b).<\/p>\n

14 \u300a\u5927\u6bd8\u5a46\u6c99\u8ad6\u300b (T27\uff0cNo.1545\uff0cp.80a).<\/p>\n

15 \u300a\u767c\u667a\u8ad6\u300b(T26\uff0cNo.1544\uff0cp.547b~c)\u3002<\/p>\n

16 \u300a\u5927\u6bd7\u5a46\u6c99\u8ad6\u300b(T27\uff0cNo.1545\uff0cp.47a~b)\u3002<\/p>\n

(C\u00d9NG T\u00c1C G\u1ec8A\/D\u1ecaCH GI\u1ea2<\/b><\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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