{"id":7380,"date":"2020-12-03T12:59:49","date_gmt":"2020-12-03T05:59:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/03\/chanh-niem-va-dao-duc-giao-thoa-giua-khoa-hoc-va-tam-linh-o-my\/"},"modified":"2020-12-03T12:59:49","modified_gmt":"2020-12-03T05:59:49","slug":"chanh-niem-va-dao-duc-giao-thoa-giua-khoa-hoc-va-tam-linh-o-my","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/03\/chanh-niem-va-dao-duc-giao-thoa-giua-khoa-hoc-va-tam-linh-o-my\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u00e1nh Ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c – Giao Thoa Gi\u1eefa Khoa H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 T\u00e2m Linh \u1edf M\u1ef9"},"content":{"rendered":"

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CH\u00c1NH NI\u1ec6M<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ee8C<\/span><\/b><\/span>
Giao thoa gi\u1eefa khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh<\/span> \u1edf M\u1ef9<\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Kaelyn Stiles<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Minh Ph\u00fac<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

—o0o—<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c L\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>:<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1i C\u1ea3nh V\u1ec1 Ch\u00e1nh Ni\u1ec7m<\/span> \u1ede M\u1ef9<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> MBSR (Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction)<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2m V\u00e0 \u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng<\/span> MLI (Mind And Life Institute)
Thi\u1ec1n Qu\u00e1n<\/span> Vipassana<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1n T\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Trong \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa<\/p>\n

Y H\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

Khoa H\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean T\u1eafc Nhi\u00ean C\u1ee9u<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh<\/span> MBSR Boston \u2013 Massachusetts<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u<\/span> M\u00f9a H\u00e8 v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng<\/span> MLSRI<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb<\/span> \u201cKhoa H\u1ecdc \u1edf Ng\u00e3 T\u01b0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n Kinh<\/span> H\u1ecdc\u201d – 2005<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc<\/span> Massachusetts: H\u1ed9i Th\u1ea3o H\u00e0ng N\u0103m v\u1ec1 Gi\u1ea3m Thi\u1ec3u<\/span> B\u1ee9c X\u00fac D\u1ef1a V\u00e0o<\/span> Ch\u00e1nh Ni\u1ec7m<\/span> MBSR (Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction) \u2013 2006<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0N\u1ed9i Dung<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00e0\u00a0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh trong 3 th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. B\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u1ee7a Kaelyn Stiles nh\u1eb1m d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u n\u00e0y. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 giao thoa c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, so s\u00e1nh<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n trong \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9. T\u00e1c g\u1ec9a r\u1ea5t ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi khi thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh<\/span> v\u1ec1 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n nhau gi\u1eefa t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng x\u00fac c\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc hay c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc gia, thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>. Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u q\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> tr\u00ean s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/span>, bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span> d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o T\u1eeb k\u1ebft q\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf c\u00e0ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00ean t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i<\/span> do c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u<\/span> th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span> trong d\u00e2n gian.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c g\u1ec9a c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> xem v\u00ec sao m\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> kh\u00e1c \u1edf M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb\u00a0 nh\u1eefng nghi v\u1ea5n<\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t vai tr\u00f2<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng can thi\u1ec7p<\/span> d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> MBIs (Mindfulness Based Interventions) \u1edf M\u1ef9. MBIs l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng can thi\u1ec7p<\/span> l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda<\/span> cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp<\/span> v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3a hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 8 tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu x\u1ebfp<\/span> th\u00e0nh v\u00e0i gi\u1edd ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 n\u0103m h\u1ecdc hay nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng MBIs c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 MBIs.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 giao l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a MBIs qua 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u1ea3 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o nhau, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 giao thoa c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc khi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> tr\u00ean ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u<\/span> b\u1ee9c x\u00fac d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> MBSR (Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction).<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> th\u1ee9 2 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> trong khoa h\u1ecdc qua\u00a0\u00a0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>: H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2m V\u00e0 \u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng<\/span> MLI (Mind and Life Institute).<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> th\u1ee9 3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0o thi\u1ec1n t\u1ee9<\/span> ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span> (Vipassana) v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa (Christian comtemplation).<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi v\u1ea5n<\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u01a1 qua v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>.<\/p>\n

—o0o—<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean gia \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span> \u1edf M\u1ef9\u00a0 c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 3 tri\u1ec7u t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> n\u0103m 2004, c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 25 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean t\u00e2m linh<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng th\u1ea7n linh<\/span> (God) n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>. S\u1ef1 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span>, Yoga, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1<\/span> c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111ang gia t\u0103ng<\/span> kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 l\u00fac s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p, thi\u1ec1n, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> ch\u1eafp n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e9o m\u00f3 ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb theo hippy ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang<\/span> trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u201960 v\u00e0 \u201970. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 quan ng\u1ea1i<\/span>, l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn<\/span> v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t M\u1ef9. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y? Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u00c1 ch\u00e2u ch\u1ec9 du nh\u1eadp<\/span> r\u1ea5t \u00edt nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nam T\u00f4ng<\/span> -Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda B\u1ed9 (Theravada) hay B\u1eafc T\u00f4ng<\/span> -\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba (Mahayana). H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i mang \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ch\u00ednh g\u1ed1c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00e2y \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. N\u00f3i chung ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t M\u1ef9.\u00a0 Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> hay ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch<\/span> x\u1eed th\u1ebf v\u00e0 qui y<\/span> theo Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> mang l\u1ea1i n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y tuy v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 3 d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 (1) nh\u00f3m chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, (2) nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span> m\u1edbi di d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 (3) nh\u00f3m Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> k\u1ef3 c\u1ef1u<\/span> \u00c1-M\u1ef9 (T\u00e0u v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt).<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00f3i<\/span> v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean g\u1ed1c \u00c2u M\u1ef9<\/span> m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 qui y<\/span> theo Ph\u1eadt. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00e0y gia t\u0103ng<\/span> r\u1ea5t nhanh\u00a0 trong v\u00f2ng<\/span> 5 n\u0103m nay. C\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng<\/span> (Zen Buddhism), M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng<\/span> T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span>, Theravada (Nam T\u00f4ng<\/span>) v\u00e0 Soka Gakkai (h\u1eadu th\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt Li\u00ean T\u00f4ng<\/span> – Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/span>).<\/p>\n

Ba th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> do s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp<\/span> trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960 v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o<\/span> thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> Theravada. Hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/span> c\u1ee7a Theravada l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> (Vipassana) v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9<\/span> (Samatha). Trong 3 d\u00f2ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u1edf M\u1ef9 (Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span>, M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng<\/span> v\u00e0 Theravada), thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> (4 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span>) Vipassana c\u1ee7a Theravada c\u00f3 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang s\u1eafc th\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n qua nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 nghi<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Theravada \u1edf M\u1ef9, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> thi\u1ec1n sinh<\/span>, m\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> thu nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t m\u1ecdi l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Thay v\u00ec b\u1ecf m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1edd<\/span> v\u00e0o l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0 ph\u1ea7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Theravada \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/span> cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> lan r\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> th\u00ec sao? N\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span>. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> Vipassana \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 phong th\u00e1i tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> m\u1edbi (new buddhism) c\u00f3 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc<\/span> qua vai tr\u00f2<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin theo<\/span>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span> c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n cao, c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0<\/span> b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang l\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t trong vai tr\u00f2<\/span> h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y. Ng\u00e0y nay thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> Vipassana th\u00edch nghi<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do<\/span>, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi. Tuy v\u1eady quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> Vipassana th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Tharavada c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> g\u1ed1c \u00c1 ch\u00e2u. Nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> Theravada b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 do ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span>, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng<\/span>, tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<\/span>, tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span>, n\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n<\/span>, nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00fd do<\/span> t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> Vipassana c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> bao qu\u00e1t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> (mindfulness meditation). Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> (mindfulness) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span> r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span> trong l\u00fac h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c<\/span> t\u1eadp trung c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd<\/span>, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> ngay trong l\u00fac hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t n\u00e0o. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> n\u1eb1m trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> Vipassana c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0o ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> trong ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>, th\u1eddi gian<\/span> th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>, ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

—o0o—<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> y h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, t\u00e1c g\u1ec9a ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> 8 tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5<\/span> MBSR, do Jon Kabat-Zinn th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m<\/span> y khoa \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> Massachusetts t\u1eeb 1979. MBSR hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span> trong tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u<\/span> y h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh<\/span> tr\u00ean h\u01a1n 170 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eeb ph\u00f2ng m\u1ea1ch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u<\/span> b\u1ee9c x\u00fac, Kabat-Zinn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh. \u00d4ng ta c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/span> d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u q\u1ee7a cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh. Kabat-Zinn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> ti\u00ean phong<\/span> \u1edf M\u1ef9 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> ra sao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u01b0u th\u1ebf<\/span> nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u<\/span> \u1edf M\u1ef9.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Trong khi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> MBSR c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span>, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o<\/span> r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9<\/span> b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m chi tr\u1ea3. Tr\u00ean qui m\u00f4 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 16.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span> ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> 8 l\u1ec5 MBSR, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 b\u1ee9c x\u00fac, \u0111au nh\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n<\/span>. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span> ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c lan t\u1ecfa nhanh ch\u00f3ng kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn<\/span> v\u1ec1 yoga, thi\u1ec1n t\u1ecda<\/span>, thi\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span> trong 8 tu\u1ea7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/span>. Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f2i<\/span> h\u1ecfi h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ra<\/span> \u00edt nh\u1ea5t<\/span> 45 ph\u00fat m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, 6 ng\u00e0y trong tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u1edf nh\u00e0 qua c\u00e1c b\u0103ng gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi \u00e2m s\u1eb5n c\u1ee7a Kabat-Zinn v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> hay yoga.<\/p>\n

Kabat-Zinn ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a MBSR mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. \u00d4ng ta bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng<\/span> h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m khi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> MBSR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 nh\u1edd Kabat-Zinn \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>, nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i<\/span> mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf<\/span> r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span>.<\/p>\n

—o0o—<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> trong y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac b\u00e1ch b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u y\u00eau t\u1ed1, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span> t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> MBSR n\u00eau tr\u00ean. MLI l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3<\/span> ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. Trang web c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> r\u1eb1ng \u201cNh\u1eb1m c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/span> gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tu s\u0129<\/span>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u201d. H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc gia, duy l\u00fd gia, l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, t\u00e2m linh<\/span> gia, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 \u00edch cho c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u00f3c – li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span> d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

—o0o—<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> quan s\u00e1t<\/span> \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span> theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa \u1edf M\u1ef9.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft so s\u00e1nh<\/span> kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc MBSR v\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> Vipassana truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp<\/span> trong c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a gi\u1ea3ng \u1edf MBSR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> Vipassana, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> Vipassana m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Khi Kabat-Zinn m\u1edf kh\u00f3a MBSR, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> Vipassana v\u00ec ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/span> m\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh<\/span> MBSR v\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> Vipassana \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> MBSR th\u00edch \u1ee9ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span> v\u1edbi y h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y. Hai v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> Vipassana t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 Trung T\u00e2m<\/span> T\u00f9ng L\u00e2m<\/span> N\u1eef Tu c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7n<\/span> Spirit Rock t\u1ea1i Woodacre\/California v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Thi\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u1edf Barre\/Mssachusetts. Jack Kornfield, Sharon Salzberg v\u00e0 Joseph Golstein l\u00e0 3 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp<\/span> vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m<\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> Vipassana c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng mang v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t M\u1ef9 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> sau\u00a0 th\u1eddi gian<\/span> tu h\u1ecdc<\/span> \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan. N\u0103m 1976 h\u1ecd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> trung t\u00e2m<\/span> thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> Vipassana \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Barre\/Massachusetts. Sau \u0111\u00f3 Jack Kornfield di chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> v\u1ec1 California n\u0103m 1984 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> trung t\u00e2m<\/span> thi\u1ec1n n\u1eef tu t\u1ea1i Woodacre c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Spirit Rock. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 2 trung t\u00e2m<\/span> thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> Vipassana ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf Vipasana \u0111\u00e3 gia t\u0103ng<\/span> h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i trong kho\u1ea3ng<\/span> th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1988-1998 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/span> chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn 15% c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m<\/span> thi\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u1edf M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh t\u00edch<\/span> cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span> (Zen) v\u00e0 M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> MBSR \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> Vipassana , khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y trong l\u00fac ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> MBSR ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thanh th\u1ebf<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi gia t\u0103ng<\/span> gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean n\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp MBSR \u0111u\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c<\/span> theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>.<\/p>\n

—o0o—<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c g\u1ec9a c\u0169ng quan s\u00e1t<\/span> s\u1ef1 giao l\u01b0u gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa. C\u01a1 s\u1edf \u201cT\u1ec9nh Tu\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1eadp trung. Theo trang web c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: C\u1ea7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/span> qua \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1<\/span> l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> l\u00e0 theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh c\u1ea3m trong trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1eadp trung kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian<\/span> t\u1ec9nh l\u1eb7ng, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh<\/span> to\u00e1n trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> tr\u1ea3i l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>.<\/p>\n

B\u00ecnh Lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e3y th\u1eed x\u00e9t qua nghi v\u1ea5n<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn<\/span> ra sao theo th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf<\/span> n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o m\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf<\/span> n\u00e0y? \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ch<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> xem x\u00e9t<\/span> nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. V\u1eady c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> nh\u1eefng li\u00ean quan<\/span> l\u00e0m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span>, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf<\/span> hay nh\u0169ng nhi\u1ec5u trong s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

—o0o—<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 do nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> hi\u1ec7u q\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> tr\u00ean s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/span>. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00e0o y h\u1ecdc. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> MBSR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n khi m\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u y t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u<\/span> qui \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu b\u00f3 tay. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span> g\u1eefi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0<\/span> tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, lo ngh\u0129<\/span>, suy tim, cao huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, b\u1ec7nh da, ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111au nh\u1ee9c kinh ni\u00ean<\/span>. N\u00f3 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/span> cho m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh sinh-y h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 Davis Hess (2001) gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> trong s\u00e1ch \u201cCh\u1ecdn L\u1ef1a K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt, Khoa H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Y H\u1ecdc\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta: \u201cTrong c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian<\/span> m\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh sinh-y h\u1ecdc (bio-medicine) chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf<\/span> v\u00e0 can d\u1ef1<\/span> v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n y t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf\u201d. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Davis Hess v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111a nguy\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> y h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5 sung-thay th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/span>, chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh sinh-y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ch\u1ebf h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ec3n bao dung<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb b\u1ed5 sung-thay th\u1ebf CAM (Complementary and Alternative Therapies). CAM \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 h\u00f4i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh sinh-y h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh g\u1ed1c. V\u00ec c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u<\/span> n\u00e0y, n\u00ean t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb y h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5 sung-thay th\u1ebf th\u00e0nh<\/span> y h\u1ecdc h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> y h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5 sung-thay th\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n<\/span>, g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/span> trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c y t\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> trong y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> y h\u1ecdc h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u<\/span> b\u1ed5 sung-thay th\u1ebf.
Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n<\/span> duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. CAM \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/span> v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span>, y t\u00e1, nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/span> y t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean CAM c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n khi ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> y h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng<\/span>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n trao truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e9p tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u<\/span> c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cho s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay l\u00e0m m\u00e9o m\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span> vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span> v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc gia \u0111o\u1ea1t m\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn<\/span>, s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang<\/span>, v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00f9 lao ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i trong bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m qua.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/span> r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i n\u1eef tham gia<\/span> c\u00e1c kho\u00e1 \u201cgi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u b\u1ee9c x\u00fac d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m\u201d MBSR nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nam gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> n\u00e0y thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u00f4i t\u00ednh n\u00ean d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i n\u1eef ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> h\u01a1n . L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ee9c x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span> M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\u00a0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span> v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y .Tr\u1eeb b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 , nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> qua ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> MBSR th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span> l\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, m\u00e1u ch\u1ea1y r\u00e2n trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi (hot flashes), t\u00ea kh\u1edbp v\u00e0 \u0111au nh\u1ee9c c\u01a1 th\u1ecbt.<\/p>\n

—o0o—<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i khoa h\u1ecdc hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i?\u00a0 S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0m tho\u1ea1i<\/span> gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc gia v\u00e0 tu s\u0129<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u<\/span> v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u1ec1 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 tri gi\u00e1c<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> tri gi\u00e1c<\/span>. Thi\u1ec1n t\u1ef1<\/span> n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> \u2013 h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> quan s\u00e1t<\/span> t\u00e2m \u2013 v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc. Sau h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i vai tr\u00f2<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>, d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c tu s\u0129<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do<\/span> \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn<\/span> khi tham gia<\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span>, s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> trong vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/span>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc gia m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u1eafm gi\u1eef. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> thi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> vai tr\u00f2<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng khoa h\u1ecdc gia m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 tham gia<\/span> h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n, c\u00f9ng l\u00fac<\/span> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> thi\u1ec1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/span> ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc gia nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/span>; danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 bi\u00ean g\u00ec\u1edbi chung gi\u1eefa 2 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3 hai. Khoa h\u1ecdc gia v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u1eeba l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng chung trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00eau ra 2 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>: v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> gia h\u00e0nh<\/span> thi\u1ec1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 quan<\/span> h\u01a1n khi va ch\u1ea1m<\/span> nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00edch nghi<\/span>. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i<\/span> t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span> , c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0\u00a0 nh\u1eefng suy t\u00ednh<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

—o0o—<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc<\/span> bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 \u00f3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3\u00a0 t\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c<\/span> g\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e9p; nh\u01b0ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t<\/span> s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> ra sao trong vi\u1ec7c giao ti\u1ebfp, \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, hay t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n? V\u00e0 bao qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> sinh h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> hay l\u01a1 l\u00e0<\/span> trong khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/span> v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/span> b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> x\u00e3 h\u00f4i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> di truy\u1ec1n<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/span> gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. Nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng khoa th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span> h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> (cognitive neuroscience) – li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span> l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span> c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng khai<\/span> c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh g\u00eda t\u1eeb tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng<\/span> x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> h\u1ecdc. T\u00e1c g\u1ec9a quan t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u1ec1 2 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> trong ngh\u1ecb tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\/khoa h\u1ecdc li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m: (1) h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 \u00f3c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span>, bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, thay v\u00ec t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> cho \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> g\u00ec d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, hay nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>. (2) N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ph\u00e9p x\u1eed th\u1ebf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi<\/span> tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> trong \u0111\u1ea1o Do Th\u00e1i<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy ngh\u0129<\/span> v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u01b0 x\u1eed<\/span> v\u1edbi h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0 x\u1eed<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd<\/span> nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (objectless) ho\u1eb7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft. Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1<\/span> x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e2n m\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Trong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y Tricycle, Robert Bellah vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng ta cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span> v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, trong \u0111\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i<\/span> t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span> nh\u1eefng l\u00fd l\u1ebd n\u1eb1m sau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 nghi<\/span>. \u00d4ng ta b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1eadu thu\u1ea9n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> cho t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span>. Bellah ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span> (Zen Buddhism) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o l\u00fac m\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3<\/span> ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>, l\u00e0m cho quy\u1ec1n<\/span> t\u1ef1 do<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> b\u1ecb g\u00ec\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i gia nh\u1eadp<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n<\/span> c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span> th\u00ec y\u1ebfu, cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng. V\u1eady c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y: nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 h\u1eadu q\u1ee7a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> trong c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd<\/span> v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n? Robert Wuthnow trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> (Acts of Compassion -1991), \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> qua tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. Wuthnow \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> di truy\u1ec1n<\/span> trong ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span> v\u1ecb tha<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng xung kh\u1eafc<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/span> h\u01a1n, Paul Lichterman b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ee1 r\u1ed1i<\/span> \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>. \u00d4ng ta t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u00e1 t\u00ednh, qua \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng ta t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span> – th\u01b0\u1eddng hay<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 chung quanh, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tham gia<\/span> v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c chung. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00e1c g\u1ec9a mu\u1ed1n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Lichterman \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9<\/span> th\u1ee9 ba, qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eadu thu\u1ea9n b\u1edfi t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba<\/span> trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e3y ra khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> M\u1ef9. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qua \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t<\/span> s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> trong d\u00e2n gian l\u00e0 xuy\u00ean qua<\/span> c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> MBSR nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau tr\u00ean. Vai tr\u00f2<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> hay nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> trong ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u1eabn \u0111ang c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span>. C\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u00f3 – ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 – m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> trong ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/span> trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> MBSR. Trong k\u1ef3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng<\/span> n\u0103m 2005, Kabat-Zinn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea<\/span> nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> MBSR: kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t, t\u00ednh ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn<\/span>, t\u00e2m ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>, l\u00f2ng tin<\/span>, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/span> g\u1eafng, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>, bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i, th\u00e2n \u00e1i<\/span>, t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n<\/span>, t\u00ednh hi\u1ebfu k\u1ef3<\/span> v\u00e0 mong c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span>. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> qu\u00e1n t\u1eeb bi<\/span> (loving-kindness medittion) \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xen v\u00e0o<\/span> trong c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a MBSR. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean MBSR t\u1eebng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi MBSR trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> kh\u00f4ng cho ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> c\u00e0i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i t\u00edch tr\u1eef trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00e1i hay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u00ednh li\u00eam khi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> bi\u1ebft \u01a1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00ednh hi\u1ebfu k\u1ef3<\/span>, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch\u201d.\u00a0<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng<\/span> tr\u00ean hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>, tuy v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp quan s\u00e1t<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn<\/span> c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n th\u00edch \u1ee9ng<\/span> m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch<\/span> cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> MBSR. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i<\/span> l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span>, v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 hu\u1ea5n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

—o0o—<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/span> tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span>, quan s\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> b\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> MBSR, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> Vipassana, khoa h\u1ecdc gia th\u1ea7n<\/span> kinh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u<\/span> T\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng<\/span> MLI. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m 2005 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span>: (1) nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Thi\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/span> IMS (Insight Meditation Society) t\u1ea1i Massachusetts, m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m<\/span> thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> Vipassana, (2) gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> MBSR t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9<\/span> l\u00e0 Trung T\u00e2m<\/span> Ch\u00e1nh Ni\u1ec7m<\/span> \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng y<\/span> khoa thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> Massachsetts (UMASS), (3) nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Massachusetts, (4) nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> thi\u1ec1n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u<\/span> M\u00f9a H\u00e8 v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng<\/span> MLSRI (Mind & Life Summer Research Institutes) t\u1ea1i Washington D.C. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch<\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> \u1edf MLSRI v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2005 v\u00e0 2006, d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o n\u0103m 2005 v\u1ec1 \u201cKhoa H\u1ecdc \u1edf Ng\u00e3 T\u01b0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n Kinh<\/span> H\u1ecdc\u201d, v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o thu\u1eddng ni\u00ean v\u1ec1 MBSR t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> Massachusetts. T\u00e1c g\u1ec9a c\u0169ng tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> MBSR v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ed1n t\u00f9ng l\u00e2m<\/span> Vipassana. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span> nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> n\u00e0y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda<\/span> ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

—o0o—<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c g\u1ec9a tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian<\/span> ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Thi\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/span> IMS (Insight Meditation Society) t\u1ea1i Massachusetts. C\u00f3 10 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t \u1edf IMS v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng gh\u00e9 qua \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y hay h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n. Trong th\u1eddi gian<\/span> l\u01b0u tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i IMS, t\u00e1c g\u1ec9a c\u0169ng d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian<\/span> quan s\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> MBSR t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Trung T\u00e2m<\/span> Ch\u00e1nh Ni\u1ec7m<\/span> (Center for Mindfulness) thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng Y<\/span> Khoa, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> Massachusetts (kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1eebng 35 km t\u1eeb IMS). Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 10 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> MBSR kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Massachusetts m\u00e0 t\u00e1c g\u1ec9a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 14 cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>.\u00a0<\/p>\n

—o0o—<\/p>\n

Trong n\u0103m 2005 t\u00e1c g\u1ec9a s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i MLSRI (Mind and Life Summer Research Institute). M\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5<\/span> h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tu s\u0129<\/span> v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc gia quan t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span> n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t<\/span> s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/span> gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span> h\u1ecdc, h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc g\u1ec9a kh\u00e1c. T\u00e1c g\u1ec9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn tham gia<\/span> v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> sinh v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 tham d\u1ef1<\/span> vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> \u1edf m\u1ee9c 90 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980 qua trao \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9c D\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10, 1987 t\u1ea1i Dharamsala – \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/p>\n

—o0o—<\/p>\n

(\u201cScience at the Crossroads\u201d and Neuroscience Conference \u2013 2005)<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c g\u1ec9a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 th\u00ednh<\/span> vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i Washington D.C. trong k\u1ef3 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span> n\u00e0y. Cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra<\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> t\u00e2m, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n. Cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y 8-10 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2005, l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp th\u1ee9 8 v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n sau c\u00f9ng trong lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9c D\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma<\/span>, c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc gia v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tu s\u0129<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> tu \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. Cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span> l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2n y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh-y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady trong 30 n\u0103m qua v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean t\u1ea7m nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng n\u1ed3i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n. T\u00e1c g\u1ec9a ghi ch\u00fa nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tu s\u0129<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> 6 cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span>. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng<\/span>, t\u00e1c g\u1ec9a c\u0169ng tham d\u1ef1<\/span> bu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c D\u1ea1t La L\u1ea1t Ma<\/span> t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Th\u1ea7n Kinh<\/span> H\u1ecdc \u1edf Trung T\u00e2m<\/span> H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb<\/span> Washington v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, 12 th\u00e1ng 11. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u1ea3<\/span> h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafp h\u00e0ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp d\u1ef1 th\u00ednh<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tranh nhau \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i g\u1ea7n ng\u00e0i L\u1ea1t Ma<\/span>.<\/p>\n

—o0o—<\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/span> nh\u1ea5t, t\u00e1c g\u1ec9a \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1<\/span> kh\u00f3a h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 MBSR th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean<\/span> t\u1ea1i Worcester, ti\u1ec3u bang Massachusetts. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span> nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd. T\u00e1c g\u1ec9a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> 14 cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> thi\u1ec1n, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u01b0 l\u00fd do<\/span> t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecd k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng g\u00ec v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t. T\u00e1c g\u1ec9a b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh<\/span> th\u1eddi gi\u1edd<\/span> cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span>, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> tham d\u1ef1<\/span> c\u00e1c b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y tham gia<\/span> v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/span> sau khi h\u00f4i ngh\u1ecb k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span>.<\/p>\n

—o0o—<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m L\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span>,v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quan t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> thi\u1ec1n, s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gi\u1eefa khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> xuy\u00ean qua<\/span> nh\u1eefng can d\u1ef1<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n<\/span> s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i.\u00a0 S\u1ef1 ch\u00e8n \u00e9p gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7<\/span> thuy\u1ebft t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp nhau v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t \u00edt s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ph\u1ee5 huynh theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa thu\u1ed9c ti\u1ec3u bang North Carolina g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u<\/span> b\u1ee9c x\u00fac MBSR \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a con em h\u1ecd, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 t\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span> k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c (new ageism) v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> l\u1ed1i d\u1ea1y n\u00e0y v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o (Hinduism) m\u00e0 h\u1ecd xem nh\u01b0<\/span> m\u1ed9t vi ph\u1ea1m<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi B\u1ea3n Tu Ch\u00ednh<\/span> Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span> trong c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang<\/span>. \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u lo\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft<\/span> \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i Tho\u1ea1i Gi\u1eefa Th\u1ea7n Kinh<\/span> H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i\u201d v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m nay trong nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp<\/span> m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a H\u00f4i Th\u1ea7n Kinh<\/span> H\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Washington D.C. v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 7.500 khoa h\u1ecdc gia. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span> h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> s\u1ef1 m\u1eadp m\u1edd<\/span> c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span>.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f2n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi<\/span>, nh\u1eefng d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i<\/span> truy c\u1ee9u<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi d\u1eady c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng can d\u1ef1<\/span> c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> \u1edf M\u1ef9. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/span> tr\u1ecb l\u1ed9 ra t\u1eeb ranh g\u00ec\u1edbi c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> phong ph\u00fa<\/span> trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa gi\u1edbi ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n-t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng<\/span> \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n<\/span> trong 30 n\u0103m qua v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 l\u00fac tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang<\/span>. T\u00e1c g\u1ec9a s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> truy c\u1ee9u<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn<\/span> n\u00e0y. T\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb<\/span> \u0111ang g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng<\/span> cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. T\u00e1c g\u1ec9a s\u1ebd kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec cho nh\u1eefng tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Kaelyn Stiles \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh<\/span> trong k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a American Socilogical Association t\u1ea1i New York ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 8- 2007\u00a0
(B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a\u00a0 Minh Ph\u00fac<\/span>)\u00a0 E-mail:\u00a0 nguyenmphuc@yahoo.com<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[ad_1] CH\u00c1NH NI\u1ec6M v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ee8C Giao thoa gi\u1eefa khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh \u1edf M\u1ef9 \u00a0Kaelyn Stiles B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Minh Ph\u00fac —o0o— M\u1ee5c L\u1ee5c: B\u1ed1i C\u1ea3nh\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7381,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[104],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-7380","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-giai-dap-nghi-hoac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7380","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7380"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7380\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7381"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7380"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7380"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7380"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=7380"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}