{"id":7391,"date":"2020-12-03T18:07:42","date_gmt":"2020-12-03T11:07:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/03\/ly-tuong-bo-tat-mot-tia-sang-trong-bong-toi-cua-thoi-dai-chung-ta\/"},"modified":"2020-12-03T18:07:42","modified_gmt":"2020-12-03T11:07:42","slug":"ly-tuong-bo-tat-mot-tia-sang-trong-bong-toi-cua-thoi-dai-chung-ta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/03\/ly-tuong-bo-tat-mot-tia-sang-trong-bong-toi-cua-thoi-dai-chung-ta\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00fd T\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t – M\u1ed9t Tia S\u00e1ng Trong B\u00f3ng T\u1ed1i C\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang Ta"},"content":{"rendered":"

[ad_1]
\n<\/p>\n

\n


L\u00fd T\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t Tia S\u00e1ng<\/span> Trong B\u00f3ng T\u1ed1i C\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i<\/span> Ch\u00fang Ta<\/span><\/span>
<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Lama Anagarika Govinda<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"L\u00fd

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0B\u00e0i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV tr\u00edch t\u1eeb quy\u1ec3n Living Buddhism for the West do Maurice Walshe d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c (Buddhismus fur das Abendland), NXB Shambala, M\u1ef9, 1991, trang 72-93. Nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

— o0o —<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span>: T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> Lama Anagarika Govinda<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Lama Anagarika Govinda l\u00e0 tu s\u0129<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span>, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span>, v\u00e0 h\u1ecda s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c. Th\u1ebf danh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ernst Hoffman. \u00d4ng sinh n\u0103m 1898 \u1edf Waldheim (\u0110\u1ee9c) v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t 1985 \u1edf California (M\u1ef9). \u00d4ng tu theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00fac 18 tu\u1ed5i. N\u0103m 30 tu\u1ed5i \u00f4ng sang T\u00edch Lan<\/span> v\u00e0 Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> T\u00e2y t\u1ea1ng<\/span>. \u00d4ng s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Darjeeling, d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n d\u00e3y n\u00fai<\/span> Hy M\u00e3 L\u1ea1p S\u01a1n<\/span> trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> Patna v\u00e0 Shantiniketan, v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Bengal, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> do v\u0103n h\u00e0o<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> Rabindranath Tagore th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span>), d\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span> t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u00c1, Phi, v\u00e0 M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng<\/span> Arya Maitreya Mandala t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>, \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 M\u1ef9. \u00d4ng sang M\u1ef9 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1967. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0<\/span> m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span> c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c d\u1ecbch ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> (Foundations of Tibetan Mysticism, NXB Samuel Weiser, M\u1ef9, 1969), Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>\u00a0 (The Psychological Attitude of Early Buddhist Pholosophy, NXB Rider, Anh, 1969), Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> m\u00e2y tr\u1eafng (The Way of the White Clouds, NXB Shambala, M\u1ef9, 1988, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129<\/span> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, NXB Tr\u1ebb, TP H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/span>, 1999), C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Kinh D\u1ecbch<\/span> (The Inner Structure of The I Ching, NXB Weatherhill, M\u1ef9, 1981), Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> (Psycho-cosmic Symbolism of the Buddhist Stupa, NXB Dharma, M\u1ef9, 1976), Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111a di\u1ec7n (Creative Meditation and Multi-Dimensional Consciousness, NXB Quest, M\u1ef9, 1979), Suy t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> (Buddhist Reflections, NXB Samuel Weiser, M\u1ef9, 1991), \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y (Living Buddhism for the West, NXB Shambala, M\u1ef9, 1990).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

—o0o—<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span> gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span> \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span> v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do<\/span> quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span> gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span>, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> hay l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span>. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c<\/span> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00ec n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o ni\u1ec1m c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng<\/span> m\u1edbi m\u1ebd cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span> cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nh\u1edd ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> ngay trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 cho ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> l\u1edbn tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> trong su\u1ed1t<\/span> h\u01a1n hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m nay, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n minh<\/span> c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> kinh vi\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span> hay c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n<\/span> l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>. L\u00fd do<\/span> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3<\/span> hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> cao c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 soi s\u00e1ng<\/span> cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> an to\u00e0n<\/span>, nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m vui bu\u1ed3n<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 tr\u00fa y\u00ean t\u0129nh cho nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t ly<\/span> cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng “\u0111i qua” cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> n\u1ea7y. N\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111i, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> “ra kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi” m\u00e0 “\u0111i xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> b\u00ean kia cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>.” Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span> tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> khi h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> lu\u00f4n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m s\u00e2u k\u00edn nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb trong tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. N\u00f3 th\u1eafp l\u00ean trong l\u00f2ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng v\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cao c\u1ea3<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 hy sinh<\/span> n\u00e0o m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 “l\u00e0” m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hy sinh<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a<\/span> khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3<\/span> hi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span>. N\u00ean l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> hay tri\u1ec3n khai<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn<\/span> v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng sau khi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t<\/span>, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> b\u1ec1 cao v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9ng nh\u00ecn n\u00f3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. C\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi gian<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 h\u01a1n trong tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> \u1ea5y m\u1ed7i l\u00fac m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt<\/span> r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 qua t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u2014\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng–m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u00e1ch v\u1edf vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> mu\u1ed9n, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “ph\u00e1t minh” c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span> (parinirvana). Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> then ch\u1ed1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> qua c\u00e1c Chuy\u1ec7n Ti\u1ec1n Th\u00e2n<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> (J\u00e0takas) thu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> qua h\u00e0ng m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda v\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc<\/span> \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Nam, Trung v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u00eau l\u00ean v\u00e0i th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u00edch h\u1ecda v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc<\/span> \u1edf hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Ajanta v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ed7 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh t\u00edch<\/span> Borobudur.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ajanta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Maharashtra, mi\u1ec1n trung \u1ea4n<\/span> \u0110\u1ed9, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> v\u1edbi 29 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t khe su\u1ed1i s\u00e2u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt<\/span> gi\u00e1o \u0111u\u1ee3c x\u00e2y v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 II sau c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00edch h\u1ecda, t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tu\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc<\/span> \u0111\u1eb9p n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. Borobudur l\u00e0 di t\u00edch<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u1edf Java (Nam D\u01b0\u01a1ng), x\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VII sau c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean<\/span>. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i th\u1ea5p g\u1ea7n Jogjakarta, Borobudur c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 3 km t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 bao quanh theo h\u00ecnh b\u1eadc thang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ed5 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> theo c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam<\/span>. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p<\/span> l\u1edbn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1p nh\u1ecf bao quanh, m\u1ed7i th\u00e1p ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt<\/span> b\u00ean trong. T\u1eeb tr\u00ean nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng, Borobudur gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Mandala v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. Ajanta v\u00e0 Borobudur \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 quan<\/span> Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p<\/span> Qu\u1ed1c UNESCO x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n<\/span> v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span> ph\u1ea3i tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span>, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. V\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng xem Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng qua nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n<\/span> n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u00e1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng hy sinh<\/span> b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> m\u00ecnh v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi, v\u00e0 d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf<\/span> quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i<\/span> ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, qua t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra, v\u00e0 qua nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea4n, trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u sau th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh kh\u00ed<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau va nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> qu\u00e1 h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i trong h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ea9y sinh nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span> v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span> gi\u1eefa l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> A La H\u00e1n<\/span> (Arahat) v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span> n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng H\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i T\u00edch Lan<\/span> trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, \u0111em m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> (v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi H\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span> Pali) l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> A La H\u00e1n<\/span>, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i “Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba” m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb l\u00e2u trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> ch\u00ednh trong h\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span> P\u00e0li, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Qua vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ea1nh Ba la m\u1eadt<\/span>: tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi<\/span>, xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> (t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, ki\u1ebft s\u1eed\u2026), tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span>, nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c<\/span>, ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m<\/span>, t\u00e2m t\u1eeb<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e2m x\u1ea3), qua vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh Ba la m\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00e0y, xin cho con \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n Pali: Sila-nekkhamma-pannadim, puretva sabba-paramim, parami-sikkham patva, Buddho hessam anuttaro. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o<\/span> Anagarika Dharmapala, ngu\u00f2i s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp<\/span> H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1<\/span> (Maha Bodhi Society) \u1edf T\u00edch Lan<\/span> n\u0103m 1891, \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i t\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec7m<\/span> l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c th\u1eddi c\u00f4ng phu<\/span> (puja) m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y (t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> ch\u00fa th\u00edch). M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i th\u00e1ch t\u00edch Bodh Gaya v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba<\/span>: V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb l\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c<\/span> \u1ea4n, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp g\u1ea7n Amar\u00e0vat\u00ec \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam. C\u0169ng trong n\u1ed9i dung n\u1ea7y, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> n\u00ean ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> l\u00e0 “t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3” c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span> gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span> Pali. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00f3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i T\u00edch Lan<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> d\u00e0i, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> kinh s\u00e1ch h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> n\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng kinh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 Pali m\u1edbi l\u00e0 “l\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u1eadt<\/span> s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u201d v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Pali. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Ma-ki\u1ec7t-\u0111\u00e0 (M\u00e0gadh\u00ec), m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> thu\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n v\u00e0 Pali, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u<\/span>, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh v\u0103n (kho\u1ea3ng 90 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean<\/span>).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u00f9ng l\u00fac<\/span> v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> song song nhau. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01b0u t\u1eadp hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3ng l\u1ebb t\u1ebb<\/span>, \u0111a ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra T\u1ea1ng ng\u1eef ho\u1eb7c H\u00e1n ng\u1eef. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd<\/span> nghi ng\u1edd<\/span> t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span> P\u00e0li v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> \u00fd ki\u1ebfn<\/span> cho l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span> P\u00e0li m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u00e2m<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> nghi\u00eam t\u00fac kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> th\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n<\/span> th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span> c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span>, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1edf vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o<\/span> Ph\u00fa L\u00e2u Na<\/span> (sthavira Purana) c\u00f9ng 500 v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> t\u1ea1i K\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t sau khi c\u00e1c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> th\u00e0nh kinh<\/span> s\u00e1ch. T\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i<\/span>, sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe qua k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i<\/span> k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd<\/span>, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o<\/span> Ph\u00fa L\u00e2u Na<\/span> khen l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn th\u00edch “ghi nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh kim kh\u1ea9u<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n” h\u01a1n. Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span> xong, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> r\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> t\u1ef1 do<\/span> trong vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/span> l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ed5 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span> (T\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng Thi\u1ec1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>) x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> khi ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>: “Nh\u1eefng kinh s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>, Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00ednh kh\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.”<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng suy lu\u1eadn<\/span> tr\u1eebu tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng<\/span> (Abhidharma). Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c \u00edt tri\u1ebft l\u00fd h\u01a1n, th\u00edch nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong c\u00e1c Kinh (Sutras), trong khi nh\u1eefng ai quan t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng<\/span> tu vi\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u00ec quay v\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span> (Vinaya). Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ai rung c\u1ea3m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> th\u00ec t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng phu<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/span> xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> v\u00e0 xem nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span> nh\u1ea5t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span> r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018T\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 ba\u2019 (Abhidharma Pitaka hay Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng<\/span>), c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i kinh<\/span> kh\u00e1c th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span> gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t<\/span> (parinirvana). C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n trong Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> kinh vi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7t ra L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ch\u1ecdn \u0111i theo<\/span> con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n<\/span> xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> m\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u2014m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u00fang ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p<\/span>. Ki\u00ean tr\u00ec<\/span> v\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tu h\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> l\u1ea5y n\u1ebfp sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m linh<\/span>, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> hy sinh<\/span> v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u00f4i sao d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f2n g\u00ec thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n h\u01a1n, gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn<\/span> tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau, l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt? Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac th\u1eddi th\u1ebf thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch<\/span> l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span> \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u (The Light of Asia) c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Edwin Arnold (1879)–t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span> g\u1ed1c th\u1eadt ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc<\/span> hay nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u0103n v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u1ea7y cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>, nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, mang t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m linh<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> to l\u1edbn, to l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span> A t\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e0m<\/span> (Abhidhamma). V\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> n\u00e0o t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u1ecb tha<\/span>, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>, B\u00e1t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi<\/span>, v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/span> h\u01a1n cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> c\u1ea3 t\u1ea7m cao v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span> to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3<\/span> hi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u00e1i c\u1ed1t l\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>: \u2018Xin cho con th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh\u2019?<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u0129 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y l\u1edbn trong ng\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda l\u00e0m m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 noi theo m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng ai t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m linh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> cao nh\u1ea5t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ecd n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span> m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y v\u00ec l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span> n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00e2m linh<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u1edf ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> h\u1ecd s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n tan \u0111i trong kho\u1ea3ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4<\/span> t\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> n\u00e0y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong ki\u1ebfp (kalpa) n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span> Kalpa, ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Eon, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u00f2i gian d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> t\u1eeb l\u00fac th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t<\/span>. M\u1ed9t Kalpa c\u00f3 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n<\/span>, t\u00e1i l\u1eadp<\/span>, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/span>. Kalpa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0i hay ng\u1eafn. Trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span>, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t Kalpa ng\u1eafn l\u00e0 16.8 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. Kalpa d\u00e0i l\u00e0 1,347 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng phu<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ra \u0111\u1eddi. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng suy \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span> v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> theo m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cho d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c<\/span> (samyak-sambuddha) r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi x\u1ea3y ra, nh\u01b0ng \u2018ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed\u2019, ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a “t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9” (bodhicitta hay b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span>) l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng kh\u1eafp trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> v\u00e0, do \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng trong t\u1eebng ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1edd d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span>, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> bi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1eefa. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 B\u1eafc t\u00f4ng<\/span> (d\u00f9 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u1ea7y cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1ecfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng ra \u0111\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp) kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span> kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1eebng ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m linh<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> mang t\u00ednh gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span> ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u1eefa. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span> h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba<\/span>, s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> suy ra r\u1eb1ng, trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u<\/span> hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/span> \u0111ang c\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u<\/span> th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> trong ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. Ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do<\/span> v\u00ec sao \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> t\u00e2m l\u00e0 “s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> trong v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c” ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3<\/span> sang th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> \u2013 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> n\u1ea7y m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng mang t\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> \u1edf ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 khi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. T\u00e2m B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>, m\u1ed9t khi l\u00f3e l\u00ean trong ta, s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1eddi ta m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> m\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec lay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>. So v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 “th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea” s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span>, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t nh\u00e2n danh<\/span> “khoa h\u1ecdc” ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian<\/span> c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 phi l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong kinh L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span> (Lankavatara Sutra) trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1i Tu\u1ec7 (Mahamati).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Xin xem th\u00eam T.D. Suzuki, Nghi\u00ean c\u01b0\u00fa Kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0<\/span> (T\u1ef3 Kheo<\/span> Th\u00edch Ch\u01a1n Thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 C\u01b0 S\u0129<\/span> Tr\u1ea7n Tu\u1ea5n M\u1eabn d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t), Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span> xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, TP H\u1ed3 Chi Minh, 1992<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1i Tu\u1ec7 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u<\/span> “Xin Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang con, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n?” Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>, “N\u00e0y \u0110\u1ea1i Tu\u1ec7, c\u00e1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> n\u00e0y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> con s\u1ed1 hay logic, c\u00e1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u01b0 duy<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00e2m<\/span> th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> [\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span>] c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y<\/span> c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> khi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i<\/span> tham \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed<\/span>, khi c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e9t sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, khi t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u1ecb tha<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trong s\u00e1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn trong ki\u00ean tr\u00ec<\/span>.”<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c ch\u00fat n\u00e0o v\u1edbi B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> x\u1eb1ng b\u1eady<\/span> nh\u01b0 “vi\u1ec7c k\u1ec1m gi\u1eed tham d\u1ee5c<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00fd th\u1ee9c” m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng vu kh\u1ed1ng. Nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> s\u00e2u d\u00e0y qua vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c tham d\u1ee5c<\/span> qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eed g\u00ecn gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span>, khai s\u00e1ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> qua vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> (nairatmya) qua t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng v\u1ecb tha<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c<\/span> \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y nguy h\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng lu\u00f4n cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u1ef1 gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu c\u00f9ng l\u00fac<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span> hay k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c<\/span>, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00fang<\/span> ta kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n<\/span> v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 n\u00e9t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb th\u00f4i th\u00fac<\/span> b\u1edfi tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1edf v\u00e0 h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o\u2014v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n<\/span> cho t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 quen thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u1edbi kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span> Pali (\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m Kinh<\/span> Mahavagga 1.23) v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1eebng ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t<\/span> (Sariputta) qua l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb m\u1ed9c m\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i M\u00e3 Th\u1eafng<\/span>(Assaji), ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>. V\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span> c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> v\u1eabn c\u00f3<\/span> th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f2n g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span> c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i c\u00e1i m\u1edbi? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong khi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span>, h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/span> \u1edf nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span> hay nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang<\/span> h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n chia x\u1ebb<\/span> ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o<\/span> hay t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Chia x\u1ebb<\/span> ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ngu\u00f2i c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u2018l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c\u2019 cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>. N\u00ean vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh<\/span> v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf<\/span> trong khi truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu trong t\u1eebng ph\u00fat t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp<\/span>, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u y, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/span> h\u01a1n gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> mang l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> cho mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> Ph\u1eadt \u2018\u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> c\u00f2n ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm<\/span> \u0111au kh\u1ed5\u2019. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> n\u00ean xem vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span> Ba la m\u1eadt<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ba la m\u1eadt<\/span> (P\u00e0ramit\u00e0). S\u1ef1 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea<\/span> theo t\u1ea1ng P\u00e0li (Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>) v\u00e0 t\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong t\u1ea1ng P\u00e0li, c\u00e1c Ba la m\u1eadt<\/span> g\u1ed3m: B\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi<\/span>, xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span>, nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c<\/span>, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span>, quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ch<\/span>, l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u1ea3. S\u00e1u Ba la m\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> v\u1ea1ch ra, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: B\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi<\/span>, nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c<\/span>, tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span>, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> v\u00e0 4 Ba la m\u1eadt<\/span> sau: thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span>, c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft<\/span>, l\u1ef1c, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span>. (T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> ch\u00fa th\u00edch)<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t h\u1ea1nh<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh Ba la m\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> ho\u1eb7c gieo tr\u1ed3ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, m\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hy sinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1eeb t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0 bi m\u1eabn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra v\u00e0 t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n trong ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda kh\u1ed5 \u0111au chung c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang<\/span> m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5p \u1ee7 tham v\u1ecdng<\/span> lu\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span>. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ao \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp<\/span>, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> quanh m\u00ecnh, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> tr\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span>, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng tu t\u1eadp<\/span>. Tr\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hy sinh<\/span> v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> n\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00edch<\/span>, ngay c\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> ho\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng<\/span> s\u1ef1 hy sinh<\/span> n\u00e0y. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1<\/span> hy sinh<\/span> n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> hay s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span> th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, s\u1ef1 hy sinh<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n<\/span> m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> thu\u1ea7n l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u1ec1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> (anatman) th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> tu ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i. Khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 toang b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 trong t\u00e2m do ch\u00ednh ta t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng trong s\u00e1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ng\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1ea7y, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> m\u1edbi gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u2014\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span> h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> hay nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> nhanh h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u1eaft tuy\u1ec7t m\u1ecdi giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi, t\u1ef1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hy sinh<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00ec\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i<\/span> l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c<\/span> m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c<\/span> t\u1ea1o ra, v\u00e0 t\u1eadp t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd ham th\u00edch<\/span>, hay t\u1eadp tr\u00e1nh xa nh\u1eefng c\u00e1m d\u1ed7<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi. T\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 quan<\/span> t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft lo tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 cho ri\u00eang h\u1ecd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, v\u1eabn c\u00f3<\/span> nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> chung quanh h\u1ecd, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m an \u1ee7i<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u0111ang \u0111au kh\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang<\/span> h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 lo \u0111i t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> cho ri\u00eang h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t v\u00e0 giam h\u00e3m<\/span> trong b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00edch k\u1ef7<\/span>. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00ec, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y<\/span>, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta<\/span> xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span> nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span> thu\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (\u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang<\/span> m\u00ecnh) th\u00ec t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> thu\u1ea7n l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span>. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, ch\u00ednh t\u01b0 duy<\/span> h\u1eefu ng\u00e3 n\u1ea7y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> h\u01b0 v\u00f4<\/span>. Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n<\/span> s\u00e1t mang t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 xung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> xuy\u00ean th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m dung n\u1ea1p<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m linh<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c<\/span> t\u00ednh duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> l\u1eabn nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span> m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c<\/span> t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> chung m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>. V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> l\u1eabn nhau (duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>) c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>. Ch\u1ec9 khi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span> s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean trong su\u1ed1t<\/span>, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y<\/span> n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 “th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i” huy\u1ec5n \u1ea3o<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ng\u00e3. C\u0169ng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt ra \u0111ang t\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec<\/span> b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m lo quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i<\/span> ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, th\u00ec m\u1ecdi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> v\u00f4 \u00edch<\/span>. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> n\u00ean ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh<\/span> ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00e1i ng\u00e3, hay \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u00f2n b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span> hay nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129<\/span> hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt<\/span> mong l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/span> n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y th\u1eadt r\u00f5 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu<\/span>. C\u1ea3nh quan nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y<\/span> ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft<\/span> khi t\u00e2m ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ee7 tr\u00f9m v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu<\/span> nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y qua c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 qua ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f2n mang c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> g\u00ec h\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn bao tr\u00f9m v\u00e0 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu<\/span> s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu<\/span> ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong t\u00e2m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u00f9 th\u1eafng<\/span> nh\u1ea5t n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng danh hi\u1ec7u<\/span> nh\u01b0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c<\/span> (Samyaksambodhi) hay Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng tham, s\u00e2n v\u00e0 si,” t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> trong Ph\u1ea1m th\u01b0<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c<\/span> hay Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> si\u00eau h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1edd \u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi “Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng?”: Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> n\u00ean t\u1ea1o cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 qua b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n gi\u00e0u c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng<\/span>, kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00f4 gi\u00e1<\/span>, c\u0169ng v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i “\u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t” c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>, thay v\u00ec c\u1ee9 than v\u00e3n<\/span> l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> g\u00ec h\u1ebft. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd mang \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1i “\u00fd ngh\u0129a” m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> g\u00e1n cho<\/span> ch\u00fang v\u00e0 g\u1eedi g\u1eafm v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

“Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng b\u1ea5t t\u1eed<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u0169ng th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1\u01a1ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d C\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Keyserling \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Herman Keyserling l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c (1880-1946), n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd<\/span> du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> (1911). \u00d4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span> nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 xem nh\u1eb9 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> kinh vi\u1ec7n trong tri\u00eat h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span> nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y v\u00e0o c\u00e1i”kh\u00e1ch quan” [m\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i] d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> suy lu\u1eadn<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta<\/span> t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span> nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 xem m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> cao \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111em h\u1ebft n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t h\u1ea1nh<\/span>. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n<\/span> hay tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> d\u1ed1c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00e2m linh<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c<\/span> \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> cam ch\u1ecbu<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng khen hay ch\u1ecbu kham kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i<\/span> m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u00e0m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> tr\u00e1nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c<\/span> kh\u00e1c trong \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft lo cho h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm<\/span> trong d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> (Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi<\/span> Th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span>). Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 xem s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> v\u00e0o n\u00f3 (m\u00e0 \u0111\u00ec\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00f4i); Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> c\u00f2n gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eb9 \u0111i n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y cho b\u00e0 Kis\u00e0-Gotam\u00ec, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111i\u00ean lo\u1ea1n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a con duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap b\u00e0 th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> chung, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua. V\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 cho b\u00e0 th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> n\u1ea7y, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> n\u1ed7i \u0111au \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01a1i \u0111i m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u2018ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u2019. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, n\u1ebfu tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> t\u1eaft \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, n\u1eb1m trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong th\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> Nhi\u00ean \u0110\u0103ng: Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> tr\u00e3i qua v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> ki\u1ebfp t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111i qua s\u1ef1 thanh l\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> cao nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh<\/span> m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> v\u00e0 chinh ph\u1ee5c<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do<\/span> v\u00ec sao Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> ra \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng “b\u1eadc chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng” (jina).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c kh\u1ed5 \u0111au b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch anh d\u0169ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> v\u1edbi n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c<\/span>, s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lo bu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u0103n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang<\/span> m\u00ecnh; s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> chung v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>. Ch\u00ednh trong tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n \u0111i theo<\/span> con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t l\u1eddi th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> : \u2018V\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span>, con nguy\u1ec7n xoa d\u1ecbu<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>. V\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> qua th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd, con xin qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh<\/span>, hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, nh\u1eb1m mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 t\u00e2m con th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea9n<\/span> mong \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span>. V\u00ec con ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span> ch\u0103ng n\u1ebfu con c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh? \u2013 Con xin hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> m\u00ecnh cho h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng<\/span> con, n\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n<\/span> v\u00e0o con, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn con th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft con theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Con \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con cho h\u1ecd, th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao con ph\u1ea3i lo \u00e2u<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3? Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi<\/span> con, h\u00e3m h\u1ea1i con hay nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng<\/span> con \u2013 con mong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>.\u2019 (S\u00e0ntideva, Bodhicary\u00e0vat\u00e0ra ,T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> ch\u00fa th\u00edch)<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> (v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>) trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng ai mong mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9\u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i chung ph\u1ee7 tr\u00f9m v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh hay mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i<\/span>, t\u1ef1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m tay c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u0169ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m<\/span> (brahmavih\u00e0ras), B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span> s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra th\u00eang thang tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> th\u1ebf gian<\/span> n\u1ea7y? \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> c\u1ea7n b\u00e0n c\u1ea3i. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong su\u1ed1t<\/span> cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> mang t\u00ednh chung nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span> khi\u1ebfn cho ngay ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i<\/span> tho\u00e1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 2,500 n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian<\/span> n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn. Trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> hay ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n<\/span> l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1edf vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t hay ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf<\/span>, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb1m \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c<\/span> cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>. V\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 l\u00fac m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span> cao nh\u1ea5t (trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>), ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>, v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> chia x\u1ebb<\/span> ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 v\u1ea1ch ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> cho h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u00f3 ghi l\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb La h\u00e1n<\/span> c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec sao \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3 c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> [n\u01a1i Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span>] \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n<\/span>, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129<\/span> kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0, n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span> s\u1ef1 hy sinh<\/span> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> cho th\u1ea5y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0<\/span> l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> cao nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt?<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3<\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec3n, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span>, v\u00e0 si\u00eau h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>, th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> c\u00e0ng l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>. B\u1edfi v\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> l\u00e0 \u2013 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111i xa h\u01a1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a tham, s\u00e2n v\u00e0 si \u2013 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1ebd vang v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa kh\u1ecfi bi\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> \u1ea4n qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> \u2013 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 chinh ph\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> mang t\u00ean \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2014b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n \u1edf s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1eeb<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e2m bi<\/span> m\u1eabn v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span> d\u00e0nh cho v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu<\/span> v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 th\u00f4i th\u00fac<\/span> kh\u1ed1i \u00f3c v\u00e0 con tim c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> bi\u1ebft suy ngh\u0129<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1i chung nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>. B\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c<\/span> (Samyak-sambodhi) kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p<\/span> t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu<\/span>. N\u00f3 t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span> \u1edf m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfu th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ea5m \u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span> t\u1ecfa s\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u1ea5m v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n t\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5m v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp thu<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span> t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian<\/span> nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean t\u1eebng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> t\u00f9y m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp thu<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00e1c n\u0103ng di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y dung n\u1ea1p<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac: H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> m\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y gieo s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1edbm h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u00f9y theo<\/span> s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> hay thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, v\u00ec trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span>, n\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> c\u0169ng h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u0111ang tr\u1ee5 trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c<\/span> (samyak-sambhodi) \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh<\/span> n\u1eb1m trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span> l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span>, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m<\/span> th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> s\u1ebd l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/span> trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb n\u00e0y, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> n\u1ed9i dung s\u00e2u th\u1eb5m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 phi th\u1eddi<\/span> gian v\u00e0 phi kh\u00f4ng<\/span> gian c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy<\/span> tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/span> h\u00f3a t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00ec\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> trong s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, v\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> \u2013 n\u00f3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> trong c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i<\/span> tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u00e0n c\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, hay c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t \u2018c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi\u2019 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> hay \u2018v\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n\u2019. C\u00e1i h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t h\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span> r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c<\/span> qua c\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 \u2018Ba la m\u1eadt\u2019, \u2018Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9\u2019 hay \u2018Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh\u2019\u2026 th\u1eadt ra \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u–Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ed5n<\/span> S\u01b0 Th\u00edch<\/span> Ca M\u00e2u Ni<\/span> Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u1eaft s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> tr\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eddi, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t huy s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> (prajna), th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u1eeb t\u00e2m<\/span> (maitri), chia x\u1ebb<\/span> s\u00e2u s\u1eafc n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (karuna, mudita), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> x\u1ea3 t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> noi theo tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. Cho n\u00ean, d\u00f9 gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 b\u00e0n c\u00e3i<\/span> v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u \u0111i n\u1eefa, c\u00f2n g\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c noi theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a B\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c? T\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta<\/span> bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3<\/span> c\u1ee9ng ch\u1eafc do ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00fang<\/span> ta ra<\/span> kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>. Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u00f4 \u00fay<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111ang \u0111i tr\u00ean B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1<\/span> \u0111e d\u1ecda<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gay g\u1eaft<\/span>. Thay v\u00ec nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n gian n\u00e0y hay l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u1eefng “th\u00ed\u1ebfu s\u00f3t” c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> r\u1eb1ng l\u00ean \u00e1n cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u xa<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> n\u00f3, b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> cao \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span> nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> s\u1ef1 khai ng\u1ed9<\/span>, m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u00e0 hoa tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3 n\u1eefa. Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eafn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y ch\u01b0a ch\u00edn. H\u1ecd qu\u0103ng b\u1ecf<\/span> tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y ch\u01b0a ch\u00edn \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, thay v\u00ec ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y tr\u00e1i ch\u00edn.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nguy hi\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span>. Do di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i<\/span> sai v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong gi\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, c\u00e1 t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb xem nh\u01b0<\/span> m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p<\/span>, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 t\u00ednh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span>. Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi t\u00f4n vinh l\u00e0 Mah\u00e0purusa, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh ri\u00eang, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea7m l\u1ea9n v\u1edbi ai h\u1ebft, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng cao v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span> l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i – nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> cao nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh qua vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>. D\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> tu ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh<\/span> gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i<\/span> theo Trung \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span> \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan<\/span> thay v\u00ec c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> ch\u00fang \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span> c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t<\/span> nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm<\/span> kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf<\/span> trong nh\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm<\/span> trong nh\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n<\/span> h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf<\/span> t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e1. S\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n<\/span> ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/span>, tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00e2n x\u00e1c ch\u00fang ta<\/span> tan bi\u1ebfn \u0111i, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u1ebf t\u1eaft<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m linh<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tia s\u00e1ng<\/span> s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> n\u1eb1m ngay trong t\u00e2m gi\u00e1c<\/span> ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

L\u00fac ch\u00fang ta<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> tia s\u00e1ng<\/span> B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t h\u1ea1nh<\/span>. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> n\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00fang<\/span> ta kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ec1m k\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd tho\u00e1t ly<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, c\u00f9ng l\u00fac<\/span> v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec khi tia s\u00e1ng<\/span> B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi t\u1eeb s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd khai m\u1edf m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u1ea9n d\u1ea5u b\u00ean trong ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u<\/span> v\u00e0 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua loanh quanh<\/span> v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00ecnh. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u ra r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> quan v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u1ea7y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta<\/span>; n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111i, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111ang s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span> ra trong t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi “x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng” th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ly<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n<\/span> kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> thanh l\u1ecdc t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 quay v\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta<\/span> hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> trong t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh. R\u1ed3i ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao \u1edf c\u00e1ch xa ch\u00fang ta<\/span> h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/span> nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u1eb1m \u1ea9n s\u00e2u trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd c\u00f2n k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u! \u0110i xuy\u00ean qua<\/span> chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u0103m th\u1eb3m<\/span> \u1ea5y trong ch\u00fang ta– \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> (bodhisattvamarga). Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> xuy\u00ean qua<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh<\/span> trong m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong gi\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n n\u0103m m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c<\/span>, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i<\/span> m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> v\u00f4 \u00edch<\/span>, v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi th\u00fa nh\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m linh<\/span> ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span> c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> hay t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai xa v\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> khi b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 \u2018nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u2019 mang t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> t\u1ea1o. Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> d\u1ec5 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thu\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y nguy hi\u1ec3m trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> b\u1ecb m\u1ed5 x\u1ebd v\u00e0 chia c\u1eaft n\u00e1t v\u1ee5n hay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span> l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> s\u1ebd tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> kh\u00e1c. S\u1ed1ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> t\u00ednh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u00e0 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng quay t\u00e2m l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0 c\u1ed7i, b\u1ecbnh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span> \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf<\/span> c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y ngay trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec l\u00fd do<\/span> n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed9c Kim cang th\u1eeba<\/span> th\u01b0\u00f2ng ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c n\u01a1i h\u1ecfa thi\u00eau<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00ea t\u1edfm tr\u00e1nh xa m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0<\/span> m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m b\u00f3p m\u00e9o<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd c\u0169ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e0n h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng<\/span>, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng kinh h\u00e3i<\/span> hay gh\u00ea s\u1ee3<\/span> xa l\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u1ea5y r\u1ea7y<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> gh\u00ea t\u1edfm v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>. Kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span> d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ed5 l\u1ed9<\/span> l\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t<\/span> qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> trong t\u00e2m. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e2n la<\/span> \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u2013 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m<\/span> qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ed1i r\u1eeda c\u1ee7a thi ha\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00e2y kinh t\u1edfm v\u00e0 gh\u00ea s\u1ee3<\/span> kh\u00e1c \u2013 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>, nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f2n ch\u00fat tham c\u1ea7u hay s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n<\/span> ni\u1ec7m (c\u00e1c x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gh\u00ea t\u1edfm) n\u1ea7y s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch<\/span> nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> gh\u00ea t\u1edfm, khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh. D\u00f9ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m gh\u00ea t\u1edfm \u0111\u1ec3 xua \u0111u\u1ed5i<\/span> l\u00f2ng tham d\u1ee5c<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o xua \u0111u\u1ed5i<\/span> qu\u1ef7 Satan b\u1eb1ng ma Beelzebub.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, Beelzebub l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> ma qu\u1ef7<\/span>. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng<\/span> B\u1ecb \u0110\u00e1nh M\u1ea5t (Paradise Lost) c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00e0o<\/span> Anh John Milton (1608-1674), Beelzebub l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n<\/span> ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> \u00e1c qu\u1ef7<\/span>, \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec sau qu\u1ef7 Satan<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00edt ai trong ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> khi nh\u00ecn l\u00e1 r\u01a1i hay nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3a hoa kh\u00f4 h\u00e9o . V\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y mu\u00f4n hoa \u0111ua n\u1edf kh\u00f4ng s\u00fat gi\u1ea3m d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 hoa s\u1ebd \u00faa t\u00e0n. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta<\/span> bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 hoa m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i n\u1ea7y r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng y\u00eau qu\u00fd ch\u00fang h\u01a1n khi ch\u00fang \u0111ang \u0111\u00e2m ch\u1ed3i n\u1edf n\u1ee5. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> n\u1ea7y, m\u1ed7i ph\u00fat ph\u00f9 du tr\u00f4i qua<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u mang trong n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do<\/span> n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 theo h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a Kim Cang th\u1eeba<\/span>, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> bi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n x\u00e1c ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c– \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a t\u00e2m linh<\/span> trong m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Trong Kim Cang th\u1eeba<\/span>, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu<\/span> h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb hi\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9n n\u1ed9<\/span> th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 Kim Cang Th\u1eeba<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu<\/span> c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a<\/span> m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> n\u1ea7y, ni\u1ec1m h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span> s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n t\u1ea1o b\u00ean trong h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0o ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/span> v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> s\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta<\/span> trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> (Dhyani-bodhisattvas).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Bodhi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>; sattva l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> hay th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span>; dhyana l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. Dhyani-bodhisattvas l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> hay th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong l\u00fac h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n. (T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> ch\u00fa th\u00edch)<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i v\u1ecb trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Quan \u00c2m<\/span>, V\u0103n Th\u00f9<\/span> hay Di L\u1eb7c<\/span> l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span>. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1 t\u00e1nh v\u1eabn kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>. D\u00f9 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span>, t\u00e2m bi<\/span>, gi\u00e0u t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n \u00e1i<\/span>, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u00e2m gi\u00e1c<\/span> ng\u1ed9 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> nhu\u1ea7n nhuy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o<\/span> t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> (upaya) v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3<\/span> (prajna),<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Upaya l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m dung n\u1ea1p<\/span> v\u00e0 san s\u1ebb kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00e1ch d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n th\u1ec3. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00e1c v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u00f2i kh\u00e1c (Tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng<\/span>). B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t h\u1ea1nh<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a<\/span> m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 ‘th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n’ hay ‘tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> ch\u01b0\u1edbng\u2019 theo ngh\u0129a t\u00edn<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5<\/span> — h\u1ecd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f2a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>. B\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> m\u1ecdi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> trong t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 v\u00ec kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> bao tr\u00f9m v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n–\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> t\u00e2m v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span> n\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta<\/span> h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n<\/span> g\u1ea7n V\u00e0r\u00e0\u1ecbasi, trong \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 T\u1ed1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> (Anuttara samma-sambodhi, H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 A n\u1eadu \u0111a la tam mi\u1ec7u tam b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> trong ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span> (Asravas) v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 T\u1ed1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y qua nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. M\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> r\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c<\/span> v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> khi ng\u00e0i do d\u1ef1<\/span> kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi. B\u1edfi v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u2018th\u1eadm th\u00e2m, kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> su\u00f4ng\u2019. V\u00e0 khi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> Ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00ec l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ‘m\u1eaft c\u00f2n d\u00ednh ch\u00fat b\u1ee5i m\u1edd\u2019, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u2018nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span> n\u1ea7y\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u00ean quan<\/span> t\u1edbi l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> si\u00eau h\u00ecnh trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0 duy<\/span> suy \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span> bi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> \u1edf vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> n\u00e0y sao cho n\u00f3 th\u00edch nghi<\/span> v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe. Ng\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 m\u00ecnh theo tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn<\/span> h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u<\/span> h\u01a1n cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u1ec1 sau n\u1ea7y v\u1eabn trung th\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ea7y. H\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh<\/span> c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> sao cho h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>.\u00a0 V\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo<\/span> s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m linh<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\ufb20d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span> h\u01a1n trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 cao c\u1ea5p n\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n t\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u00ed truy\u1ec1n<\/span> hay gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> \u2018m\u1eadt\u2019. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> n\u1ea7y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n<\/span> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u1eefng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> cao h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng h\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00f4 \u00edch<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng suy \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span> m\u00f2 m\u1eabm<\/span> d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u01a1 c\u01a1<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ec9 mong \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span> cao h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> thu\u1ea7n tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3<\/span> \u0111i qua con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp<\/span> thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 mong m\u1ecfi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> thu\u1ea7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> thi\u1ebfu kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> thu\u1ea7n l\u00fd<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> n\u1ea7y m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai mong c\u1ea7u \u0111i theo<\/span> con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t h\u1ea1nh<\/span> ph\u1ea3i theo d\u1ea5u<\/span> ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, t\u1eadp gi\u1eef t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n khai m\u1edf qua vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n<\/span>, qua vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o (vtarka-vicara, t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9), xem x\u00e9t<\/span> k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> \u0111\u00fang sai trong khi h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p (dharmavicaya, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p<\/span>), kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span> th\u1ee7 (viveka), \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c<\/span> (Jnana v\u00e0 vidya, tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 minh), qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eed g\u00ecn gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> (sila, gi\u1edbi; paramitas, ba la m\u1eadt<\/span>; brahmaviharas, t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m<\/span>), qua l\u00f2ng t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span> v\u00e0 si\u00eang n\u0103ng l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt<\/span> (puja), thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> (samatha, ch\u1ec9; vipasyana, qu\u00e1n; smrti, ni\u1ec7m; bhavana, qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>; dhyana, thi\u1ec1n na<\/span>; samadhi, \u0111\u1ecbnh), \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng phu<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span> h\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n sinh<\/span> quan \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o bao qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1 s\u00e2u t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, v\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span> m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng t\u01b0 duy<\/span> l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh<\/span> t\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n cho kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c<\/span> n\u1ea9y n\u1edf. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m \u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm v\u1eefng nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> t\u01b0 duy<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a suy lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy<\/span>, to\u00e0n t\u00e2m to\u00e0n \u00fd t\u00ecm t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>. R\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e2m b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> (bodhicitta) s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 cao \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> m\u1edbi v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u00fd duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao gi\u00fap lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> “ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n” tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>. R\u1ed3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n<\/span>, d\u1eb1n v\u1eb7t v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5<\/span> ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1eefa. T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ao \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>: l\u00e0m sao cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> t\u1eadp trung h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> — m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> — v\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng<\/span> kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> s\u00e2u s\u1eafc tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> v\u1ecb \u1ea5y. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> n\u1ea7y tr\u00f4i qua<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1eaft \u0111i nh\u01b0 \u00e2m thanh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng<\/span> ch\u1ec9 vang l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span>, v\u00e0 khi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> n\u1ea7y ch\u00ecm s\u00e2u v\u00e0o qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng<\/span>, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> “v\u00f4 ng\u00e3” n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> 18 l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> v\u00e0 44 l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> ph\u1ee5. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/span>, quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>, l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi m\u1ea1c Ph\u00e1p trong \u0111\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i<\/span>, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5<\/span>. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1ng th\u00eam nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0y h\u01a1n bao quanh c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. \u0110\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00f9ng v\u1eaby.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span>, th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1edbi mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu<\/span> hay mong c\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 vi t\u1ebf<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u2018t\u1ea1o ra ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c\u2019. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span> v\u1ecb tha<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00e2m an t\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span>, t\u00e2m bi<\/span> m\u1eabn v\u00e0 chia x\u1ebb<\/span> ni\u1ec1m vui v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>. V\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hay c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 \u00edch k\u1ef7\u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, qua t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span>, hay n\u00f3i<\/span> \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m cho B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9<\/span>. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd th\u1ed1t l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> Santideva \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span> th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>:<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Con nguy\u1ec7n mang tr\u00ean con g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Con quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m<\/span> mang l\u1ea5y n\u00f3<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Con s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i lui.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Con s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n<\/span> hay run s\u1ee3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Con s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0\u1eddng b\u01b0\u1edbc hay do d\u1ef1<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> l\u00e0 l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a con.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

[Shantideva, Bodhicaryavatara (T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> ch\u00fa th\u00edch)].<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

— o0o —<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m<\/span> (TDTTL) l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng, ni, v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a TDTTL l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span> nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span> c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tu s\u0129<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>. TDTTL r\u1ea5t mong nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 g\u00f3p \u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd<\/span> b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email: lotus@colba.net\u00a0 Xin ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00e1m \u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

[ad_2]
\n
Ngu\u1ed3n : Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[ad_1] L\u00fd T\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t M\u1ed9t Tia S\u00e1ng Trong B\u00f3ng T\u1ed1i C\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang Ta Lama Anagarika Govinda T\u1ed5 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef \u00a0 \u00a0\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7393,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[104],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-7391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-giai-dap-nghi-hoac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7391","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7391"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7391\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7391"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7391"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7391"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=7391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}