{"id":7401,"date":"2020-12-03T22:11:55","date_gmt":"2020-12-03T15:11:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/03\/cac-khai-niem-chu-yeu-trong-phat-giao\/"},"modified":"2020-12-03T22:11:55","modified_gmt":"2020-12-03T15:11:55","slug":"cac-khai-niem-chu-yeu-trong-phat-giao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/03\/cac-khai-niem-chu-yeu-trong-phat-giao\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c Kh\u00e1i Ni\u1ec7m Ch\u1ee7 Y\u1ebfu Trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
C\u00c1C KH\u00c1I NI\u1ec6M CH\u1ee6 Y\u1ebeU<\/b><\/span>
TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O<\/span> <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Fabrice Midal<\/span>
(Hoang Phong chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/div>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch :<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf \u00ab Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Nh\u1eadp M\u00f4n<\/span> \u00bb (ABC du Bouddhisme, nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Grancher, 2008), t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> Fabrice Midal \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7, tr.123-137) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadt ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u0103n<\/span> b\u1ea3n gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u00f4n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1eadt thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt. <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1 (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> ng\u00e0y nay trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>) v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4 (T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>) c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean c\u00e1c trang nh\u00e0 Th\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n Hoa Sen<\/span>, Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span> v.v…).<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\"abc-du-buddhism\"

H\u00ecnh b\u00eca quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u00ab <\/i>Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n<\/span> \u00bb v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> Fabrice Midal<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

C<\/i>\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00ed<\/span> th\u1ee9c nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129<\/span> c\u0169ng n\u00ean d\u00e0nh ra ch\u00fat th\u00ec gi\u1edd<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t h\u1ea7u l\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng vang<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong tim ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> s\u1ef1 th\u00f4i th\u00fac<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta<\/span> n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

C\u00f5i Lu\u00e2n H\u1ed3i<\/span> – Samsara<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef samsara<\/i> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3<\/span> th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>. Nhi\u1ec1u x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n ch\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u1eef samsara (c\u0169ng xin l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef samsara m\u00e0 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n<\/span>)<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1eadt t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span>. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang ra th\u00ec ch\u1eef \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng xoay v\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au nh\u1eb1m tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. C\u00e1i b\u00e1nh xe c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> \u1ea5y bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta<\/span> lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o h\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh hu\u1ed1ng<\/span> n\u00e0y sang c\u1ea3nh hu\u1ed1ng<\/span> kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Theo c\u00e1c kinh s\u00e1ch x\u01b0a th\u00ec c\u00e1i b\u00e1nh xe c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia<\/span> th\u00e0nh s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>, bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 nh\u01b0 sau :<\/p>\n

* \u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span><\/b> : trong c\u00f5i n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> vun b\u1ed3i cho ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1eadn th\u00f9<\/span>. N\u1ebfu r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00f5i \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef<\/span> m\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh chung quanh c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda<\/span> khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang gi\u1eadn d\u1eef<\/span> hay l\u00e0 \u0111ang lo s\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

* Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a ma qu\u1ef7<\/span> \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t<\/span> <\/b>(preta<\/i>) : Trong c\u00f5i n\u00e0y lan tr\u00e0n m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> nghi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c : th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span>, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i<\/span>, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, giao du<\/span>…, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span> n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> ma qu\u1ef7<\/span> \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 (preta)<\/i> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1ng h\u1ecdng teo nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kim, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i b\u1ee5ng th\u00ec l\u1ea1i to t\u01b0\u1edbng, to \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt<\/span> \u0111i s\u1ef1 th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t<\/span> b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u00ab con m\u1eaft to h\u01a1n c\u00e1i b\u1ee5ng \u00bb, trong c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecda<\/span> b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

* Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u00fac v\u1eadt<\/span><\/b> : \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 u m\u00ea<\/span> x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i hang th\u1eadt s\u00e2u khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ee9 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> \u1ea5y th\u1eadt c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/span>, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t th\u00ec lo s\u1ee3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb nu\u1ed1t s\u1ed1ng<\/span>, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t th\u00ec l\u1ea1i th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t<\/span> mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u1ea5y ng\u1eadp tr\u00e0n lo \u00e2u<\/span>, thi\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>, n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111e d\u1ecda<\/span>.<\/p>\n

* Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> <\/b>: \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean<\/span> th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng<\/span>. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng khao kh\u00e1t mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n, lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span> c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/span> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ra v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta<\/span> lu\u00f4n v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh hu\u1ed1ng<\/span> b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> xao l\u00e3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

* Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i ganh gh\u00e9t<\/span><\/b> (asura<\/i>) : th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec v\u1edbi khu Wall Street (khu v\u1ef1c sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 N\u1eefu \u01af\u1edbc)<\/i>! Ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> trong c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e2m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ebf g\u00ec\u1edbi b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ganh gh\u00e9t<\/span>, tranh d\u00e0nh v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lu\u00f4n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span> h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ganh \u0111ua<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span> m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ganh gh\u00e9t<\/span> tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean<\/span>, v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

* Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi <\/b>(deva<\/i> \u2013 thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/i>) : th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i<\/span> v\u00e0 cao sang. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c<\/span> tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean<\/span>. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y thi\u1ebfu h\u1eb3n chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u. Ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y th\u1eadt gi\u00e0u c\u00f3<\/span>, h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> n\u00e0y sang sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> kh\u00e1c, h\u1ebft c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed<\/span> n\u00e0y sang c\u00e1ch th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 \u0111ang b\u1ecb giam<\/span> h\u00e3m trong m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7y ti\u1ec7n nghi<\/span> th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec7n nghi<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 (t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> so s\u00e1nh<\/span> th\u1eadt kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ea3nh hu\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3<\/span> v\u00e0 sang tr\u1ecdng<\/span> trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, hay bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u0169ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadt tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> hay c\u00f5i c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c<\/span> ?)<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng l\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n<\/span> m\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> t\u1eeb h\u1ebft th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y sang th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa hai ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra qua t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t trong m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 xoay v\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu<\/span>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u1ea1i mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> (Dharma<\/i>) c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, s\u00e2u xa<\/span> v\u00e0 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o hay l\u1ed9 li\u1ec5u<\/span> th\u1ebf th\u00f4i<\/span>)<\/i>. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u01a1n c\u00e1c song c\u1eeda s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec c\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> – Nirvana<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span>. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kinh s\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y \u2013 l\u00fd do<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc theo Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3. \u01af\u1edbc m\u01a1<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> s\u1ef1 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn<\/span> b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang th\u00fac b\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta<\/span> t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 trong t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat n\u00e0y. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> khi m\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span> b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0o. Kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 v\u00f4<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>. V\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 an b\u00ecnh<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> xung \u0111\u1ed9t<\/span>.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4-Ng\u00e3<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 v\u00f4-ng\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn<\/span>. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> (t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span>)<\/i> trong khi h\u00e0n huy\u00ean v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> th\u00ec hay n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 \u00ab c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u00bb, \u00ab c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a anh \u00bb, \u00ab ph\u1ea3i bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf<\/span> c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 \u00bb v.v.., th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn<\/span> r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> m\u00e9o m\u00f3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1<\/span> th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 (c\u00e1i ng\u00e3<\/span>) <\/i>m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> c\u0169ng gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/span> g\u1ee3i l\u00ean \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> (n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u1ee7a anh… l\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/span> che d\u1ea5u<\/span> ph\u00eda sau h\u1eadu \u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> th\u1eadt h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> tinh t\u1ebf<\/span><\/span>)<\/i>.<\/p>\n

\u00ab C\u00e1i ng\u00e3 \u00bb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh dung<\/span> xuy\u00ean qua<\/span> ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t<\/span>. C\u00e1i ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng s\u1ebd qu\u00e1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng<\/span> to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. \u0110\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y trong t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> r\u1ea5t th\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c quan t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, l\u00fd do<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb lo s\u1ee3 : ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> b\u1ecb l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh hu\u1ed1ng<\/span> \u0111ang x\u1ea3y xa v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i giao ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111ang duy tr\u00ec<\/span>. \u0110\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/span> cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 (s\u1edf d\u0129<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 duy\u00ean<\/span> \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i giao du<\/span> v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c mang l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp v\u1edbi h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh chung quanh, c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh \u1ea5y t\u1ea1o ra \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00f4i hay l\u00e0 \u00ab c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 <\/span>\u00bb)<\/i>. N\u1ebfu th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 th\u00ec s\u1edbm mu\u1ed9n<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> n\u00f3. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc<\/span> t\u1ea5t s\u1ebd c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i<\/span> l\u00e0m (m\u1ea5t th\u00ec gi\u1edd<\/span> trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> m\u1ed9t \u00ab c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u00bb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3)<\/i>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, v\u00f3c d\u00e1ng, chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, gian nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh…, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed t\u1eeb n\u01a1i s\u00e2u k\u00edn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> : \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u00f4-ng\u00e3. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta<\/span> l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Khi n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span> x\u00e2y l\u00ean cho th\u1eadt cao th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00f3ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 th\u00ec khi \u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> chung quanh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111u\u1ee3c c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng v\u00f4-ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> th\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> th\u00eam g\u00ec c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ea5y m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span> \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed9t b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt trong thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i Zen gi\u00fap t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u00f4-ng\u00e3. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb b\u1ee7a v\u00e2y b\u1edfi c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, l\u00fd do<\/span> l\u00e0 h\u1eafn qu\u00e1 quan t\u00e2m<\/span> t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/span> l\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1i ng\u00e3 th\u1eadt ra c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u1eb1ng co<\/span> gi\u1eefa hy v\u1ecdng<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 hai t\u00ean c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong t\u1eebng c\u1ea3nh hu\u1ed1ng<\/span> x\u1ea3y ra (m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> b\u1edfi lo s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng<\/span> khi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat m\u1ed9t)<\/span><\/i>. <\/span>N\u1ebfu lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh<\/span> b\u1edfi ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>, v\u00e0 e s\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra th\u00ec h\u1eafn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi n\u00f3, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u1eafn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng sao tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi<\/span> th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u00f4-ng\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 do<\/span>, v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> gi\u00fap cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> trong m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span> h\u01a1n, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 g\u00f4ng c\u00f9m<\/span> do c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eb1m tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong lo s\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1eadt tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3<\/span> v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u00e2m linh<\/span> kh\u00e1c. Ngo\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> ra th\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0o d\u00f9 c\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o mang l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb<\/span> th\u00ec n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4-Th\u01b0\u1eddng (hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> Tho\u1ea1t nh\u00ecn th\u00ec kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u l\u1eafm, tuy th\u1ebf<\/span> ch\u1eef n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c quy\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> (t\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/span>)<\/i> nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn. V\u00f4-th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n<\/span>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i thay. Th\u1eddi gian<\/span> tr\u00f4i qua<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1ea5y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng hay<\/span> so s\u00e1nh<\/span> kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> Hy L\u1ea1p Heraclite, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 sau : \u00ab Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eafm hai l\u1ea7n trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u00bb. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u theo cung c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Heraclite c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c<\/span>. Tuy r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Heraclite kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 g\u1eb7p nhau<\/span> \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ecb \u1ea5y n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 v\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf (h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u1eadt qu\u00e1 th\u00f4 s\u01a1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span> th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a H\u00e9raclite v\u00e0 theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>)<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> v\u00f4-th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh<\/span> kh\u00e1 trung th\u1ef1c<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef anitya<\/i> trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n \u2013 ch\u1eef -nitya<\/i> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00ab th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> \u00bb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u1eef a- <\/i>th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00ab kh\u00f4ng \u00bb t\u1ee9c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> gi\u1eefa nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> (causal concatenation<\/span>)<\/i> v\u00e0 xem n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> l\u1edbn : t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 khi nh\u00ecn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span> s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t khi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1o ra ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00edch danh th\u00ec th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng<\/span> \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ee9 mu\u1ed1n cho m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> h\u1eb1ng b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> s\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n<\/span> b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn. V\u00f4-th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 do<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> (n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span>)<\/span><\/i> <\/span>th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng-th\u01b0\u1eddng-h\u1eb1ng<\/i> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 (\u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4-th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ng\u00e3<\/span>)<\/i>.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean (hay ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span>)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00e2y ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00e2y ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n<\/span> ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> th\u00f4i th\u00fac<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> n\u00ean s\u1edbm thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 hai l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> m\u1ecdi l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> t\u1eeb c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>, gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ee9 lu\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>. C\u00e1i \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd tr\u1ea5n an ch\u00fang ta<\/span> b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i mang \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0y<\/span>. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> \u00ab t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean \u00bb (interdependence – t\u1eebc c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau<\/span><\/span>)<\/i> d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh<\/span> trung th\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u00e1ch m\u1ea5y \u0111i n\u1eefa \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n pratityasamudpada<\/i> th\u00ec c\u0169ng v\u1eabn cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c su\u00f4n s\u1ebb cho l\u1eafm. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean th\u1eadt ra mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> kh\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span>. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 n\u00ean suy ngh\u0129<\/span> s\u00e2u xa<\/span> h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt<\/span> th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau<\/span> qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean xuy\u00ean-c\u00e1-th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 xuy\u00ean-hi\u1ec7n-h\u1eefu hay kh\u00f4ng? (c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa h\u01a1n<\/span> l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>)<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m then ch\u1ed1t<\/span> nh\u1ea5t trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Long Th\u1ee5<\/span>, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n sinh ra sau \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3y hay t\u00e1m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/span> kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00f4gic (nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span>)<\/span><\/i> <\/span>Long Th\u1ee5<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau l\u00ean cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec do ch\u00fang ta<\/span> t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng ra nh\u1eb1m \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t cho th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>. M\u1ecdi v\u1eadt<\/span> th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t cho ch\u00fang. S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t<\/span> n\u00e0o hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Long Th\u1ee5<\/span> t\u1eebng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau : \u00ab Khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n-h\u1eefu th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n<\/span>, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 phi-hi\u1ec7n-h\u1eefu th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t (h\u01b0 v\u00f4<\/span><\/span>)<\/i>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb hi\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n-h\u1eefu c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa trong s\u1ef1 phi-hi\u1ec7n-h\u1eefu \u00bb. T\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf : \u0111\u1ea5y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>, ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span> nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>.<\/p>\n

L\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb bi<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng th\u1eadt thanh cao c\u1ee7a con tim, l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u00e2u lo thi\u1ebft tha mong c\u1ea7u sao cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span> ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi. B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1eeb bi<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eeb con tim c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean sinh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng ai mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb bi<\/span>. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> t\u1eeb bi<\/span> gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o<\/span> v\u00ec m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n che \u0111\u1eady<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hung h\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. L\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> b\u00f9ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y con m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u1ed1m \u0111au<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi th\u00ec n\u01a1i \u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> v\u00e0 hoang mang, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nh\u1ecf m\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ng\u00e3. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/span> v\u00f2ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, trong khi \u1ea5y th\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n<\/span>. L\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/span> th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 n\u00e0o ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> tri\u1ec3n khai<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t huy l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> s\u00e2u xa<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi sinh linh<\/span>.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nhau ?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> r\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> prajna (b\u00e1t nh\u00e3<\/span>)<\/i>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft<\/span> nh\u1ea5t gi\u00fap nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh<\/span> l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 l\u1ed9i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi hai th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y ra kh\u1ecfi nhau. L\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span> nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y th\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1i d\u1ed9t<\/span>. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eadt v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111em cho tr\u1ebb con k\u1eb9o b\u00e1nh m\u1ed7i khi ch\u00fang v\u00f2i v\u0129nh. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 tr\u1ebb con m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. L\u00f2ng t\u1eed bi thi\u1ebfu tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh<\/span> th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

T\u1ecbch Thi\u00ean<\/span> (Shantideva) m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VIII, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u01a1 r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> mang t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u00ab Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Anh H\u00f9ng<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9<\/span><\/i> \u00bb (B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1o)<\/i> m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng<\/span>. T\u1eadp th\u01a1 n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng d\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con tim bi\u1ebft m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> (bodhicitta<\/i> – b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span><\/i><\/span>). Khi n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch minh b\u1ea1ch<\/span>, v\u00ec th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh \u00edch k\u1ef7<\/span> xem m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m<\/span> s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ra th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span>.<\/p>\n

T\u1ecbch Thi\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau :<\/p>\n

\u00ab N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y hai ch\u00e2n hai tay,<\/p>\n

Th\u00ec ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung<\/span> ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 chi<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n x\u00e1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>,<\/p>\n

Th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao ta l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung<\/span> ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng? \u00bb<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, n\u1ebfu ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0a tay \u0111\u1ec3 xoa ch\u1ed7 \u0111au tr\u00ean b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi b\u1ecb v\u1ea5p ng\u00e3<\/span>, th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao ta l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c<\/span> h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ?<\/p>\n

T\u1ecbch Thi\u00ean<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> s\u1ef1 h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng<\/span> v\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u00e0o \u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o qu\u00e1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt (c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span><\/span>)<\/i> l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh (khi n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp m\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> kh\u00e1c th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>)<\/i>.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 cho c\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> \u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u1ecf ra<\/span> s\u1eafc b\u00e9n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> d\u00f4ng d\u00e0i<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> then ch\u1ed1t<\/span> h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/i> \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9<\/span>. C\u00f3 khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> con tim m\u00ecnh kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 k\u00edn hay ch\u0103ng ?<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> (th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed<\/span> th\u00ec d\u00f9 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span><\/span>)<\/i> ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> xem l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi \u0111ang n\u1ea5p \u1edf c\u00e1i x\u00f3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ng\u00f3n tay m\u00e0 tr\u1ecf th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1i ch\u1ed7 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m<\/span> \u1ea5y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1i ch\u1ed7 th\u1eadt x\u00f3t xa v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u00fac trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh, h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap cho m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. L\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y, n\u00f3 \u0111ang r\u01b0\u1edbm m\u00e1u v\u00e0 \u0111ang th\u00f4i th\u00fac<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian<\/span> n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i s\u1ef1 th\u00f4i th\u00fac<\/span> \u1ea5y th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111au x\u00f3t<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec3m mong manh<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i tim nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ebft ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p \u2013 Karma<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> karma<\/i> ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb ch\u1eef kr <\/i>v\u00e0 ch\u1eef n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00ab l\u00e0m<\/i> \u00bb, v\u00e0 ch\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra ch\u1eef \u00ab cr\u00e9er<\/i> \u00bb (\u00ab create \u00bb trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00ab t\u1ea1o ra <\/span>\u00bb)<\/i> trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p<\/span>)<\/i>. Do \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng n\u00ean quan t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t<\/span> h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh<\/span> (determinism<\/span>)<\/i> b\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt o\u00e1i o\u0103m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3u<\/span> sai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh<\/span>. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u01b0 khi \u1ed1m \u0111au th\u00ec ta cho \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ra, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt<\/span> n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00f4i h\u00e0i h\u01a1n. Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/span> nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi c\u01a1n b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 xem m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n (ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/span>)<\/i>, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng gi\u1ea3ng r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec7p (karma<\/i><\/span>) b\u1edfi v\u00ec ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u1eadt h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span>, v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> (s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span> v\u00ec b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> b\u1edfi tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7p<\/span> c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n<\/span>)<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng<\/span> ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> quan t\u00e2m<\/span> h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/span> nh\u1eb1m mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 an vui cho ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. D\u1ea7u sao th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa h\u01a1n<\/span> th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> xem nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c thi trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span> l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn<\/span>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh<\/span> nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gi\u0103ng ra trong c\u00e1i kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00f4i k\u00e9o theo v\u1edbi n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/span> d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc theo v\u1ebft ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span> sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m xung kh\u1eafc<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> t\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh hu\u1ed1ng<\/span> n\u00e0y sang c\u1ea3nh hu\u1ed1ng<\/span> kh\u00e1c. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 cho kh\u00f4ng<\/span> gian (t\u1eeb bi<\/span><\/span>)<\/i> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 trong s\u00e1ng<\/span> (tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span><\/span>)<\/i> t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> nhau trong con tim c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u00e0m tan bi\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u00e1i \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/span> n\u00f3 trong t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat m\u1ed9t. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span> h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap cho kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> sau c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ra. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u thai<\/span>)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 \u00ab \u0111\u1ea7u thai<\/span> \u00bb (m\u00e9tempsychose \/ metempsychosis, rebirth<\/span>)<\/i>, H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft b\u00ed truy\u1ec1n<\/span> (esotericism<\/span>)<\/i> thi\u1ebfu h\u1eb3n s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n x\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u \u00ab ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u00bb th\u00ec sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u01a1i \u0111i ch\u01a1i l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n cho \u00ab quen tay \u00bb th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>)<\/i>. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> \u1ea5y mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> t\u1ef1 xem m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>. Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft khi ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc n\u00e0y sang kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00fac c\u00f2n \u1ea5u th\u01a1 n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt ra s\u1ebd c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta<\/span> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang c\u00f3 trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> \u00ab t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> \u00bb c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh<\/span> th\u1eadt trung th\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u1eeb punarbhava <\/i>trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n m\u00e0 ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 \u00ab sinh ra tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> \u00bb. Khi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c c\u00f2n gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 c\u0169. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, n\u1ebfu \u0111em ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eafp cho m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n<\/span> kh\u00e1c th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n<\/span> n\u00e0y sang ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n<\/span> kh\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng ?<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 sau khi t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e0m tho\u1ea1i<\/span> r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 Vua Di-lan-\u0111\u00e0 (Milinda<\/span>) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 Na-ti\u00ean (N\u00e2gasena<\/span>) s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eb1m n\u00eau l\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nh\u00e0 vua Di-lan-\u0111\u00e0 h\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> Na-ti\u00ean nh\u01b0 sau :<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ebf linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng ?<\/p>\n

– Trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ! (linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span><\/span>)<\/i><\/p>\n

– N\u00e0y t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> Na-ti\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ho\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> t\u1eeb th\u00e2n x\u00e1c n\u00e0y sang m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n x\u00e1c kh\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng ?<\/p>\n

– Kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

-Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc (ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu nghi\u1ec7p do ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span> g\u00e2y ra<\/span>)<\/i>.<\/p>\n

– N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m<\/span> t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m<\/span> n\u1eefa (c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> \u2013 hay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00ab th\u1ee9 hai \u00bb \u2013 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m<\/span> t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> kh\u00f3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t th\u00ec s\u1ef1 l\u00fd<\/span> lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n<\/span>, t\u1ee9c b\u1edfi \u00ab c\u00e1i t\u00f4i \u00bb hay \u00ab c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 \u00bb, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> l\u1ea1i xem c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u00ab gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span> \u00bb, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> \u00ab \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span> \u00bb. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem th\u00eam \u00ab Na-ti\u00ean T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> Kinh \u00bb, v\u00ec trong kinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ng\u1eafn mang t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u00ab Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/b><\/span>\u00bb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c trang thuvienhoasen.org, ho\u1eb7c quangduc.com…, ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> ph\u00e9p thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00ecnh trong t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> suy ra s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> \u1ea5y qua nh\u1eefng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng<\/span> h\u01a1n \u2013 ghi ch\u00fa th\u00eam c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch)<\/span><\/i>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u1eadt minh b\u1ea1ch<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u<\/span>. \u00c2m h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 vang l\u00ean th\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong khi thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. Trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span> l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> l\u1edbn n\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2<\/span> ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> : c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh hu\u1ed1ng<\/span> trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1eef. Ng\u00e0y nay sau nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/span> th\u1eadt gay g\u1eaft<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a Marx, Freud v\u00e0 Nietzsche th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i th\u1eadt h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1<\/span> cho quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y (t\u1ee9c xem s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> h\u0103m d\u1ecda<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span>)<\/i>. N\u1ebfu lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111e d\u1ecda<\/span> khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, th\u00ec c\u00e1i n\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> \u1ea5y t\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span> l\u1eafm.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn<\/span> kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ri\u00eang t\u00f4i th\u00ec v\u1eabn tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u00edch g\u00ec c\u1ea3 cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> do thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> mang l\u1ea1i, bi\u1ebft l\u1eafng nghe con tim m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 mong manh<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> bi\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00edch nghi<\/span> nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc c\u00f2n y\u1ebfu th\u00ec s\u1ef1 r\u0103n \u0111e bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>. D\u1ea7u sao th\u00ec \u00ab qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o<\/span> \u00bb c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> nguy\u00ean-nh\u00e2n-h\u1eadu-qu\u1ea3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> e s\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i \u00ab \u0111\u1ea7u thai<\/span> \u00bb trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y)<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf<\/span> th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ec1u xem s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span> (s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>)<\/span><\/i>. <\/span>Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m<\/span>. Trong t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft \u0111i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat g\u00ec kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> m\u1edbi. V\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> t\u1eadp bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng ? V\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1edfi m\u1edf<\/span> h\u01a1n ?<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5y m\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. Trong t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> cho m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang b\u00f3p ng\u1ea1t v\u00e0 giam h\u00e3m<\/span> m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> th\u00ec c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span> trong m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh<\/span> n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta<\/span> l\u1ea1i c\u1ee9 xem n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang ch\u1ebft trong t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat m\u1ed9t. Th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> t\u1eebng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y (trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span><\/span>)<\/i> d\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong ch\u00fang ta<\/span> h\u00f4m nay (hi\u1ec7n tai)<\/i>, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf<\/span> n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/span> (trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/span>)<\/i>.<\/p>\n

T\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n thi\u1ec1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/span> nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat m\u1ed9t. Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span>. Ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> th\u00ec m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au \u1ed1m s\u1eafp ph\u1ea3i ra \u0111i th\u00ec n\u00ean khuy\u00ean nh\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i s\u1eafp ra \u0111i th\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/span>, khi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00f9ng l\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i t\u1eebng quy\u1ebfn luy\u1ebfn<\/span>, th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7y lo \u00e2u<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i<\/span>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span> h\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u00ean ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ra \u0111i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 gia h\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> N\u1ebfu thu h\u1eb9p Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> s\u1ee9c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> h\u01a1n. Th\u1eadt th\u1ebf, d\u00f9 cho r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> xem vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n h\u1ebft (t\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> s\u1ee9c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/span>)<\/i>. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp<\/span> l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span> (t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/span> g\u1eafng)<\/span><\/i>. <\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n<\/span>. Ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 khuy\u1ebft<\/span> th\u00eam. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e9p tu ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> mong c\u1ea7u xin<\/span> ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t<\/span> hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c th\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 khuy\u1ebft<\/span> \u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> th\u00ec c\u00e1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4-ng\u00e3 l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ra trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gia \u00e2n<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u00ean ph\u00fa<\/span> th\u1eadt h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> qu\u00fd b\u00e1u<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\n
Bures-Sur-Yvette, 10.03.12<\/address>\n
Hoang Phong<\/b> chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/address>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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[ad_1] C\u00c1C KH\u00c1I NI\u1ec6M CH\u1ee6 Y\u1ebeUTRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O Fabrice Midal(Hoang Phong chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef) L\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch : Trong m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf \u00ab Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7402,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[104],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-7401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-giai-dap-nghi-hoac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7401","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7401"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7401\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7402"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7401"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7401"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=7401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}