{"id":7452,"date":"2020-12-04T05:53:13","date_gmt":"2020-12-03T22:53:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/04\/tai-sao-phat-giao-khong-ton-tho-dang-sang-the\/"},"modified":"2020-12-04T05:53:13","modified_gmt":"2020-12-03T22:53:13","slug":"tai-sao-phat-giao-khong-ton-tho-dang-sang-the","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/04\/tai-sao-phat-giao-khong-ton-tho-dang-sang-the\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1i sao Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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T\u1ea0I SAO PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O<\/span> KH\u00d4NG T\u00d4N TH\u1edc \u0110\u1ea4NG S\u00c1NG TH\u1ebe?<\/span><\/p>\n


Th\u00edch n\u1eef<\/span> T\u1ecbnh Quang<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n n\u0103ng<\/span> v\u00e0 V\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Pali c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Mahayana. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span> nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, xuy\u00ean qua<\/span> gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (unsubstantiality) th\u00ec h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span> lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>, linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>, th\u1eddi gian<\/span> v.v\u2026\u00a0 Ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong c\u00f9ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 an b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nguy h\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span> cho n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng<\/span> x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng th\u1ebf Brahma m\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec<\/span> s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia<\/span> b\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>, g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng<\/span>, m\u1ed7i giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>, c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> n\u01a1i th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span>: giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n<\/span> (Brahman) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 con ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>, sinh ra t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> an h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> sung s\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>; giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> S\u00e1t \u0110\u1ebf L\u1ef5 (Kshastriya) sinh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1nh tay Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c<\/span>, thay m\u1eb7t cho Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span> n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb<\/span>; giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> V\u1ec7 X\u00e1 (Vaisya) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 sinh ra t\u1eeb b\u1eafp v\u1ebf Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>, l\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia<\/span>, n\u00f4ng phu v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 thuy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch<\/span> v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf; giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u00e0 La<\/span> (S\u00f9dra) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 sinh ra t\u1eeb g\u00f3t ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 ti\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7<\/span> su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> cho c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n<\/span> m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i m\u1edf ra c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> khi Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a Brahma; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c trong nhi\u1ec1u kinh v\u0103n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. \u0110o\u1ea1n kinh Tevijja sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n V\u00e0settha v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5ng Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026 N\u00e0y V\u00e0settha, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u01a1i n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tinh th\u00f4ng<\/span> ba t\u1eadp Ved\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn m\u1eb7t th\u1ea5y Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span> – kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n s\u01b0<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n tinh th\u00f4ng<\/span> ba t\u1eadp Ved\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn m\u1eb7t th\u1ea5y Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00f4n s\u01b0<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u00e1c B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n tinh th\u00f4ng<\/span> ba t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn m\u1eb7t th\u1ea5y Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span> – kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u00e0o cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00f4n s\u01b0<\/span>, t\u00f4n s\u01b0<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n tinh th\u00f4ng<\/span> ba t\u1eadp Ved\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>, trong nh\u1eefng tu s\u0129<\/span> th\u1eddi c\u1ed5, trong c\u00e1c B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n tinh th\u00f4ng<\/span> ba t\u1eadp Ved\u00e0, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c<\/span> c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span>, nh\u1eefng vi tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span> m\u00e0 x\u01b0a kia<\/span> nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e1t l\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m v\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay nh\u1eefng B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n tinh th\u00f4ng<\/span> ba t\u1eadp Ved\u00e0 c\u0169ng h\u00e1t l\u00ean, tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Atthaka, V\u00e0maka\u2026 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u2018Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> th\u1ea5y Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span> t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn, Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span> s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u\u2019. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e1c b\u00e0 B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n tinh th\u00f4ng<\/span> ba t\u1eadp Ved\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u2018Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng tr\u00fa v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> thuy\u1ebft d\u1ea1y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u1ea5y: \u2018\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng tr\u00fa v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng ai th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> theo\u2019. N\u00e0y V\u00e0settha, Ng\u01b0\u01a1i ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n tinh th\u00f4ng<\/span> ba t\u1eadp Ved\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1nh x\u00e1c, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd\u2026\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng khoan dung<\/span>, n\u00e2ng cao<\/span> t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3; th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hay<\/span> g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 c\u0103m th\u00f9<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u200b\u200bXuy\u00ean qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn<\/span> chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh<\/span> nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>..<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac h\u01a1n th\u00ec \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00a0m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi y, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra cho m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span> an \u1ee7i<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u<\/span>, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng B\u1ee5t v\u00e0 c\u00f4 Ti\u00ean \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>, h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf n\u00e3o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> m\u00e0 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh<\/span> nh\u1ea5t; m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/span> r\u1eb1ng “kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf ” \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> cho kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> l\u1edbn, trong \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1edf ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 s\u00e2u xa<\/span> trong l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> hay thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t r\u1ed9ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> xuy\u00ean qua<\/span> c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng<\/span> truy\u1ec1n trao c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00e2n hoan<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> \u0111i t\u1eeb h\u1ecd. V\u1edbi c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span> tin r\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh<\/span>, l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a, \u00a0nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 trung gian<\/span> gi\u1eefa th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f5 c\u1eeda th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 \u201chi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng\u201d \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u<\/span>, kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng t\u0103ng, gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng s\u1ed1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span>, tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span> l\u1edbn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span> ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span> k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t<\/span> v\u00e0 nghi ng\u1edd<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng<\/span>, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xuy\u00ean qua<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2m s\u00e2u<\/span> trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh kinh<\/span> nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> qua ba \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00f4i (v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>); \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span> thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> cao nh\u1ea5t: gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng<\/span> b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span> t\u1eeb c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y s\u00e2u s\u1eafc; vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> s\u1ef1 \u00a0tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c<\/span> b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span> v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i t\u1eeb b\u1edfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00a0tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u00a0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t thi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec y c\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0 th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb, do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span> cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n tai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> hay m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0<\/span> l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span> hay nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu th\u1ea7n<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>, to\u00e0n n\u0103ng<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/span>, \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u1eeb \u00fd<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edfng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u201cv\u00f4 th\u1ea7n\u201d trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi \u201cv\u00f4 th\u1ea7n\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay<\/span> Duy v\u1eadt<\/span> hay Duy v\u1eadt<\/span> bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p<\/span> gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m v\u00e0 v\u1eadt. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay<\/span> (annihilationism-ucchedavata), \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>. S\u00e1u c\u00f5i lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> Th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> r\u1eb1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span>, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. M\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span> mu\u00f4n v\u1ebb cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh xuy\u00ean qua<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u201cnghi\u1ec7p\u201d (karma) l\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u00e0 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> tr\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span> H\u01b0 v\u00f4<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> hy v\u1ecdng<\/span>. Ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d (empty) trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span> b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i (Niyyanika-Dharmma), gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> (vimutti), ho\u1eb7c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> (Nirvana), l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> c\u1ee7a tham, s\u00e2n, si, nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda d\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u1ecdng \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng<\/span> \u0111ang thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u00f9<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d (s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n<\/span> cho ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eafm k\u00edn \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o-\u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u00a0qu\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span> th\u00f4ng qua v\u1edbi \u00a0nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/span>, t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn\u2026 nh\u00e2n danh<\/span> t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng to\u00e0n n\u0103ng<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd, h\u1eadn th\u00f9<\/span> v\u00e0 ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y<\/span> v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn<\/span> \u200b\u200b\u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft<\/span> trong danh x\u01b0ng v\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng<\/span> \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ed1i cao<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang g\u00e2y \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng cho n\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ed1i cao<\/span>, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> n\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ea5m v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 cung \u1ee9ng<\/span> cho qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> trong ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span> s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> mang t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc, Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y (B\u1ed5n s\u01b0) gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>. H\u1ecd nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n<\/span> trong ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span>, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>; Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng thay v\u00ec kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng th\u1ebf to\u00e0n n\u0103ng<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/span>. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dung nhi\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00e1c, tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tranh c\u00e3i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00edch n\u1eef<\/span> T\u1ecbnh Quang<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Why Does Buddhism Not Believe in Creator?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Standpoint of denying the Almighty and Eternity has shown in Pali Buddhist canon as well as Mahayana Buddhist canon. The Buddhism\u2019s attitude to the concept and the idea of \u200b\u200ba creator and god is said to be illusory notion, not to bring real happiness for man, and not in accordance with the Buddha\u2019s teachings which is toward human as the highest object in order to solve current suffering.<\/span><\/p>\n

In Buddhist literature, through doctrine of selflessness that is not a fixed entity (unsubstantiality); certainly, the belief in a divine creation has always been rejected and refused because Buddhism is the negation of the permanence and changelessness for explaining the origin of the world as the universe, souls, time etc. Belief in a creator is placed in the same category as the misguided moral, put the human condition under the arrangements of the invisible god as absolute fate and cannot be changed, and lead to long-term harm to the social foundations by affecting the human values \u200b\u200bof morality.<\/span><\/p>\n

Because believing in a creator Brahma, so several thousand years in Indian society has maintained the four of class division, and caused a serious split; each class depended on the Brahma wills, and placed position in the body of Brahma: The class of Brahman is said to be the orthodox son of Brahma, born from the mouth of Brahma, is given the highest class, so they were enjoyed the life happily. The class of Kshastriya had born from Brahma arms, and was the royal caste that on behalf of Brahma to hold dominant power. The class of Vaisya is said to born from Brahma thigh and that was the class of merchant, farmer and mechanic in charge of economy. Finally, the class of Sudra was given to come from the heel foot of Brahma, is said to be impoverished lower-class, and the people in this class were slaves throughout their life for the three of class above.<\/span><\/p>\n

When the Buddha appeared, he upset all the inherent value through he opened the new door of idea as he denied the existence of Brahma; this is discussed in many texts of Buddhism. The paragraph of Tevijja suttra following was the dialogue between the Buddha and Brahman Vasettha:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0“…\u00a0 Vasettha, you said no any patriarchal Brahman who understood thoroughly to the three Ved\u00e0 had seen Brahma – does not have a Brahaman teacher who knew by heart to the three Ved\u00e0 had seen the Brahma, not a great religion master Brahman who knew by heart to the three Ved\u00e0 had seen Brahma, and not a certain Brahman until seven generation of patriarchal Brahmans, and the patriarch of Brahmans who knew by heart the three Ved\u00e0 had seen the Brahma. In the ancient monks, some of Brahmans who knew thoroughly the three ved\u00e0, and there were some one composed the incantations, someone read the incantations which were sung, chanted, recited, and now these Brahmans also sung, chanted, and taught as the Brahman Atthaka, Vamaka … But no one of them said, ‘We know, we see where the Brahma lived, and where the Brahma came from, and where the Brahma would go’. Thus the Brahmans who knew thoroughly the three ved\u00e0 said: ‘we did not know, we did not find out the path to union with Brahma, but we teach theory that:’ This is a direct way; this is the right path towards to union with the Brahma for those who practice ‘. Vasettha, what do you think? The fact is that, so the Brahman words who knew by heart the three ved\u00e0 are not correct, reasonable …\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u200b\u200bThe unrealistic trust has caused fanaticism, intolerance, and improved self; normally, it\u00a0 \u00a0causes hatred and violence when others do not have the same beliefs and views to the believers. Through the centuries, Buddhist philosophers have view points of detailed arguments to reject the doctrine of a divine creation. It will be of interest to compare these with the way that Western philosophers have rejected the theological information to prove the existence of the Creator.<\/span><\/p>\n

For some people who have seriously believe than others, so the idea of \u200b\u200ba creator is a stand only for the interpretation of external events such as the origin of the world they cannot comprehend, to \u00a0him, it is an object of faith, and \u00a0can create a strong sense besides the presence and comfort of the creator, and closeness to himself, such as childhood impressions, legendary image as deities and fairies who put into the tradition, school, environment,\u00a0 and society that \u00a0impacts on the surface of the cortex and formed the images of thought that believers of different religions have a conceptual style \u00a0sincerely; an analysis of recent findings have shown that the “experience of the Creator” has no specific content than this.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the mystics\u2019 live and works of all great religions have proven their experiences those that have large influence, including the significant changes displayed in the quality of consciousness; the deep absorbability in prayer or meditation can touch to the depth and impact on the broad of sense, and passed on through the inspiration of joy and happiness from them. With such great enjoyment, the mystics believe that their experience is a manifestation of divinity, is in communion with the creator; their mission is the intermediary between God and man … in the deep impression is considered as mystique, and they knocked theology door to determine the special “communion” of themselves. This assumption is quite understandable, mystical experiences are only characteristic increase, decrease or temporary elimination that express multi-equation wave of consciousness, perception, and thinking non-stop on the nervous system of vibrations of the mind. It is interesting to note; however, the efforts of most major Western mysticism associated with their mystical experience in order that church\u2019s official believers to recognize of their results in doctrine is often considered and suspected in the orthodoxy, instead of considering very heretical.<\/span><\/p>\n

In Buddhism, when the practitioners come in deep meditation, they identify the physical and mental elements which are component of their experience in light of all existences through three characteristics: \u00a0that is impermanent, suffering, and the absence of self (no self). This is practiced mainly to use the pure power of meditation and awareness for the highest goal: freeing the ego from the profound perceive; this helps the practitioners to escape the illusion filled by any of the feelings and thoughts come from their experience but cannot controlled, and thus can get off \u00a0the deception of sense experiences.<\/span><\/p>\n

A good Buddhist meditator, through the experience of meditation to what he gains, that is, \u00a0\u00a0he attain the understanding to everything in the connection; it is not a fixed position to establish, as the waterfall flows continuously, without an object or subject position, so the highest mystical state of the meditator does not provide for the existence of a unique creator or an external god to place and dominate the individual.<\/span><\/p>\n

Therefore, Buddhism is seen as “atheist” for those who have independent ideas or theists because Buddhism does not believe in a creator, omnipotent, and eternity; exactly, that’s creative ideas from people. However, the notion of “atheism” in Buddhism does not deal with “atheists” of the pure materialism or dialectical materialism. The doctrine of Buddhism is the harmony between mind and matter. Buddhist philosophy does not agree to the absolute materialism (annihilationism-ucchedavata); rather it is a false theory. The six realms of rebirth and the country of nirvana of Buddhas and Boddhisatvas are enough to prove that the point of Buddhism without t the complete destruction after death but that is constantly changing. Every sentient being is a creator in several forms by oneself through the infinite reincarnations. The doctrine of \u201ckarma\u201d is the reasons and effects\u2019cycle of mind and subject matter which based on principle of teaching of causality, impact and dominate the existence of living beings. The Buddha never taught the nihilism in meaning suffering and without the path of hope. The doctrine “no” (empty) in Buddhism is the negative answers of sticking at the invariant self that caused suffering for human. Conversely, it is a doctrine of salvation (Niyyanika-Dharmma), liberation (vimutti), or freedom (Nirvana), is the complete destruction of greed, hatred and delusion, the suffering of the desirours and crazy fire that is consuming people. But the Nirvana is not state of subject and object, so it does not deal with forms and ideas of eternal creator.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buddhism is not a religion\u2019s enemy as atheism is found. Buddhism is actually the enemy of “empty” (the complete destruction). Buddhists are the behalf of the model of moral values, spirituality, and culture in countries of East. However, we can not close our eyes with the concepts of creator-has been used too often by people who possessed of power, and ruthless… in the name of almighty love in order to cause division, hatred, and destruction of indigenous cultures. Studies and representations the views of dissidents have been hampered and extinguished for the name and crazy ambition for supreme service; this is continue to cause suffering has for the world peace.<\/span><\/p>\n

The \u200b\u200bBuddhism\u2019s ethical values based on five precepts and ten good deeds to provide the nation and society a platform of moral perfection, so the idea of creator\u2019s reward and punish is needless. Not blind and vision in the belief but basing on the profound philosophy and practice tests from the scientific, Buddhists worship the Buddha as a master (teacher) of enlightenment, and the God of compassion and wisdom. They recognize the Buddha nature in their own potential, which is the difference between Buddhism and other religions.<\/span><\/p>\n

Although Buddhism is considered as a religion; however, its theory, philosophy, and practice are beyond the religion\u2019s territories. Buddhism aims at human to object for the experience to the suffering and going out of the suffering in the life instead of illusive concept of an omnipotent and eternal creator. Therefore, Buddhism can accept to other religions but other religions canot merge with Buddhism; this is also an indisputable fact.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Thich nu Tinh Quang<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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