{"id":7467,"date":"2020-12-04T13:04:44","date_gmt":"2020-12-04T06:04:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/04\/anh-huong-cua-phat-giao-voi-duong-tong-bat-gia\/"},"modified":"2020-12-04T13:04:44","modified_gmt":"2020-12-04T06:04:44","slug":"anh-huong-cua-phat-giao-voi-duong-tong-bat-gia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/04\/anh-huong-cua-phat-giao-voi-duong-tong-bat-gia\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed1ng b\u00e1t gia"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ea2NH H\u01af\u1edeNG<\/span> C\u1ee6A PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O<\/span> V\u1edaI \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG T\u1ed0NG B\u00c1T GIA <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
TS. \u0110o\u00e0n \u00c1nh Loan<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Khoa V\u0103n<\/span> h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110H. KHXH&NV TPHCM<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\"7\"

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> du nh\u1eadp<\/span> v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> t\u1eeb ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u V\u0129nh B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eddi H\u00e1n Minh \u0110\u1ebf<\/span> (58-75) c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span> s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> vua n\u1eb1m m\u1ed9ng<\/span> th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n v\u00e0ng r\u00f2ng<\/span> bay v\u00e0o cung \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00f3 v\u1ecb c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n t\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u1edf x\u1ee9 Thi\u00ean Tr\u00fac<\/span> – \u0111\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 tr\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vua li\u1ec1n sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y V\u1ef1c<\/span> t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt ra, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> H\u00e1n Minh \u0110\u1ebf<\/span>. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111ang r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh<\/span>. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> t\u1ebf t\u1ef1, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 qu\u1ec9 th\u1ea7n<\/span> b\u00e1o \u1ee9ng<\/span>, g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi thu\u1eadt c\u00fang t\u1ebf, b\u00f3i to\u00e1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u0103ng s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o<\/span>. T\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o<\/span>, n\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c<\/span>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh du nh\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> t\u1eeb b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>, ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Huy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o<\/span>, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span> ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng<\/span>, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>, chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span>, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> cao t\u1ed9t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> Trung Hoa. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i lai<\/span>, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> t\u1ebb nh\u00e1nh, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb t\u1eeb v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> g\u1ed1c, \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u mang s\u1eafc th\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> T\u00f9y \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> h\u01a1n ba tr\u0103m n\u0103m. Cho n\u00ean, th\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Ph\u1eadt h\u00f3a v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> H\u00e1n. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t<\/span> l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb th\u1eddi Tam Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> – L\u01b0\u1ee1ng T\u1ea5n, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn qua vi\u1ec7c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span> kinh s\u00e1ch. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng<\/span> th\u1ee9 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> cao huy\u1ec1n, s\u0129 d\u00e2n xem Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tri\u1ebft l\u00fd huy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c, kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span> gi\u00e1o. \u0110a s\u1ed1<\/span> h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m s\u00e2u<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ngh\u0129a, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt<\/span> h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> kh\u00e1c, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u1ea9n s\u0129<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ea1o gia c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> cho h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> \u1ea9n d\u1eadt<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span> cao. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1ea9n d\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gia b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> n\u01a1i n\u00fai r\u1eebng<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t giao<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sa-m\u00f4n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Th\u1ef1c ra<\/span>, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng<\/span> \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a tu s\u0129<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span>, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 \u0111i tham h\u1ecdc<\/span> c\u00e1c n\u01a1i, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c \u1ea9n s\u0129<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o<\/span>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, huy\u1ec1n l\u00fd, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tham c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a tu s\u0129<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i phu \u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span> lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u0129<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span> gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 Nho gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0o th\u1eddi T\u00f9y \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span>. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, nh\u1eefng t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh<\/span> theo kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span>, n\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span>, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kinh s\u00e1ch c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc<\/span>, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> trung t\u00e2m<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> kh\u00e1c. Thanh th\u1ebf<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n<\/span> t\u1eeb khoa c\u1eed theo Nho c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1nh ngang v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o<\/span>. C\u00e1c Nho s\u0129, s\u0129 d\u00e2n, quan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ea1o. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 giao thoa gi\u1eefa Nho, Ph\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ea1o. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, c\u00f2n m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch<\/span> ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong th\u1eddi gian<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span>, t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, v\u1ec1 sau, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u H\u1ed9i X\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng<\/span> (845), vua ra l\u1ec7nh h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span>, vua xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/span> h\u01a1n 460 ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a, 40.000 t\u00f2a th\u00e1p, t\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u1ea5t ru\u1ed9ng ch\u00f9a, b\u1eaft h\u01a1n 26.000 t\u0103ng ni<\/span> ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c<\/span>, b\u1eaft \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf h\u1ed9 th\u00e2n<\/span>. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Nguy\u00ean H\u00f2a 14 \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng (819), H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong t\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0103n gia<\/span>) d\u00e2ng bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea5u can vua \u0111\u00f3n c\u1ed1t Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. Th\u1ef1c ra<\/span>, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> d\u00e2ng bi\u1ec3u can vua, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 20 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2ng t\u1ea5u ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> nh\u01b0 Ph\u00f3 D\u1ecbch, \u0110\u1ecbch Nh\u00e2n Ki\u1ec7t, L\u00fd Ki\u1ec1u\u2026 S\u1edf d\u0129<\/span> b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn<\/span> c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, v\u00ec \u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn<\/span> ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00eau<\/span>. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u00f4ng \u0111ang r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng theo, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p l\u00f2ng \u0111a s\u1ed1<\/span> s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i phu.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tranh d\u00e0nh danh ph\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu<\/span> Nho gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> qua l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng tham kh\u1ea3o<\/span>, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng<\/span> Thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng<\/span> h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> Nho gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span>, Nho gia<\/span> c\u00f2n vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/span> th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, t\u00ednh, \u201cl\u1ea5y Thi\u00ean Tr\u00fac<\/span> l\u00e0m th\u1ec3, Hoa H\u1ea1<\/span> l\u00e0m d\u1ee5ng\u201d (1), l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho Nho h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng sau n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi B\u1eafc T\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span>, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u1eef th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> khoan h\u00f2a, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb hay \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n<\/span> b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> n\u00e0o d\u00f9 l\u00e0 Nho, Ph\u1eadt hay L\u00e3o. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u00fac cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eefu \u00edch cho n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d (2), l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea1o ph\u00fac cho qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d (3). \u00c2u D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu<\/span> (\u0111\u1ea1i v\u0103n gia<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng) trong Qui \u0111i\u1ec1n l\u1ee5c <\/i>ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t giai tho\u1ea1i<\/span> r\u1ea5t sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh T\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>: \u201cTh\u00e1i T\u1ed5 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u00e1 l\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a T\u01b0\u1edbng Qu\u1ed1c, th\u1eafp h\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 n\u00ean l\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng. V\u1ecb t\u0103ng T\u00e1n Ninh<\/span> t\u00e2u: \u2018Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1ea1y\u2019. Vua h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao. V\u1ecb t\u0103ng li\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p: \u2018Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt<\/span> qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9\u2019 (\u2026) Tuy l\u1eddi v\u1ecb t\u0103ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ee3p \u00fd b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, n\u00ean vua m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>, li\u1ec1n ban th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf\u201d (4).<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> t\u00f9y th\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi, cao qu\u00ed \u1ea9n m\u1eadt<\/span>, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf<\/span> m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3<\/span> ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span>. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, h\u00f2a \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span>, d\u1ec5 dung nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n Nho h\u1ecdc \u0111ang gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o, r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u00fac Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb<\/span> tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span>, th\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 kh\u00ed th\u1ebf \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t<\/span> b\u1eb1ng Nho. V\u1ec1 sau, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch<\/span> hay ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t n\u1eefa m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> s\u0129 phu<\/span> qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c \u01b0u \u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nho h\u01a1n. D\u00f9 th\u1ebf, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u1eabn g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt, L\u00e3o v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ba. L\u00fd do<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, h\u1ea5p thu, vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n, th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u<\/span> l\u1eabn nhau c\u1ee7a tam gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>, nh\u1edd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, Nho gi\u00e1o<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9<\/span> L\u00fd h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 Tr\u00ecnh, Chu l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t c\u00e1n, khi\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nho b\u01b0\u1edbc sang m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n. Song song \u0111\u00f3, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u0169ng h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh theo L\u00fd h\u1ecdc, c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebb s\u0129 dung n\u1ea1p<\/span>. Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> \u01b0u t\u00fa<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn<\/span> \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3<\/span> trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> h\u00f3a \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p<\/span> ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>. Cho n\u00ean, \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cH\u00e1n h\u00f3a Ph\u1eadt<\/span> gi\u00e1o\u201d \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

II. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed1ng b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i gia<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1eeb gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi Minh, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u1ed5 v\u0103n<\/span> Mao Kh\u00f4n (1512-1601) t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1m v\u0103n gia<\/span> l\u00e0 H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span>, Li\u1ec5u T\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean<\/span> (\u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng) v\u00e0 \u00c2u D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu<\/span>, T\u00f4 Tu\u00e2n, T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span>, T\u00f4 Tri\u1ec7t<\/span>, V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch<\/span>, T\u0103ng C\u1ee7ng (\u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng) th\u00e0nh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed1ng b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i gia v\u0103n sao<\/i>. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, danh t\u1eeb \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed1ng b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i gia\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Khi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1m v\u0103n gia<\/span> n\u00e0y, Mao Kh\u00f4n r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang<\/span> qua nh\u1eefng \u00e1ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span> v\u0103n t\u00e0i<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> \u201csuy ngh\u0129, s\u1eeda l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d (5) (Tr\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn<\/i>); \u00c2u D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu<\/span> th\u00ec \u201ckhi \u0111\u1ea1o v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i<\/span>, v\u0103n d\u1ec5 t\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh\u201d (6) (\u0110\u00e1p Ng\u00f4 Sung t\u00fa t\u00e0i th\u01b0<\/i>); V\u1edbi T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span>, th\u00ec \u201cl\u1eadp \u00fd \u1edf t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span> gi\u00fap \u0111\u1eddi\u201d (7) (\u0110\u00e1p Ki\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1i Du Qu\u00e1t ph\u1ee5ng ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0<\/i>); T\u00f4 Tu\u00e2n cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cth\u1ea5y v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng\u201d (8) (Th\u00e1i huy\u1ec1n lu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/i>); T\u00f4 Tri\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> \u201ct\u00e0i tr\u00ed ph\u1ea3i h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0\u201d (9) (\u0110\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o long<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u00e1n t\u1eeb nh\u1ecb th\u1ee7<\/span><\/i>). V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch<\/span> th\u00ec \u201cv\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi\u201d (10) (T\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ed5ng truy\u1ec7n<\/i>); T\u0103ng C\u1ee7ng v\u1edbi \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d (11) (Nam<\/i> T\u1ec1 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u1ef1<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00e1m v\u0103n gia<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/span> hai \u0111i\u1ec1u: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o, hai l\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nho gia<\/span>. D\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>. \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng<\/span> nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>. C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1eabn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n, v\u00ec v\u0103n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span> chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf, l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, c\u00f3 \u00edch cho s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. Do v\u1eady, c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn<\/span> ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb<\/span>, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Nho gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>, t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nho gia<\/span> trong s\u00e1ng<\/span> t\u00e1c v\u0103n<\/span> h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> chung l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> t\u00e1m nh\u00e0. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh<\/span> k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> th\u1ee9 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> \u01b0\u1edbt \u00e1t<\/span>, di\u1ec5m l\u1ec7<\/span>, tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh, thu\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>, quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c<\/span> l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u00e1m nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o gi\u1edbi v\u0103n<\/span> nh\u00e2n, s\u0129 phu<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/span> ca ng\u1ee3i<\/span>, t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1eeb t\u00e1m nh\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/span> c\u00e0ng quan t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa v\u0103n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o, xem \u201cv\u0103n d\u0129 minh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d, \u201cv\u0103n d\u0129 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/span> s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1m nh\u00e0 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp thu<\/span>, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. Chu Nghinh B\u00ecnh trong \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed1ng t\u1ea3n v\u0103n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> xu ngh\u1ecb<\/i> (Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i T\u00e0i Kinh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n x\u00e3, 2003) th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea: \u201cTh\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1m nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0 H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span>, Li\u1ec5u T\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0 40 n\u0103m, c\u00f2n \u00c2u, V\u01b0\u01a1ng, T\u0103ng v\u00e0 ba cha con<\/span> h\u1ecd T\u00f4 kho\u1ea3ng 90 n\u0103m, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng g\u1ed3m 130 n\u0103m (chi\u1ebfm 1\/5 tr\u00ean h\u01a1n 600 n\u0103m hai \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng). C\u00f2n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 350 quy\u1ec3n, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ea3 hai tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0, t\u00e1m nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 bao qu\u00e1t c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1eddi, g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u00ean v\u0103n \u0111\u00e0n<\/span> Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/span> xem nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 quy chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 v\u0103n\u201d. Chu H\u1eefu (\u0111\u1eddi Minh) trong B\u1ea1ch V\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ea3o <\/i>nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/span> r\u1eb1ng: \u201cM\u00e3i m\u00e3i l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1eddi\u201d (12). L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1edfng T\u01b0\u1eddng trong Thi\u00ean v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c v\u0103n t\u1eadp<\/span> <\/i>ca ng\u1ee3i<\/span> h\u1ecd: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span> xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> theo v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> t\u00e1m nh\u00e0\u201d (13).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00e1m v\u0103n gia<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> \u201cphong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ee5c c\u1ed5\u201d hay \u201cc\u1ed5 v\u0103n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d. Tho\u1ea1t nh\u00ecn, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u0103n th\u1ec3<\/span>, v\u0103n phong, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. S\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do t\u00e1m nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/span> ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 quan l\u1ea1i trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ngo\u00e0i t\u00ednh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span>, cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ed5 v\u0103n<\/span> c\u0169ng mang m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>, H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> tuy nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed5 v\u0103n<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cc\u1ed5 v\u0103n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d. H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span>, Li\u1ec5u T\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean<\/span> s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c<\/span> ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch<\/span> tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh, h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1o. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00c2u D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu<\/span> v\u00e0 ba nh\u00e0 h\u1ecd T\u00f4 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c<\/span> trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch<\/span> tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span>, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n, Li\u1ec5u v\u00e0 s\u00e1u nh\u00e0 kia \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1i h\u1ecda b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/span>, do m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn<\/span> d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/span>, nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1n An S\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean tr\u1ea5n c\u00e1t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c<\/span> nh\u00e0 Kim \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp s\u0129 phu<\/span> n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n<\/span> n\u00f3i chung kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, b\u1ea5t an<\/span>.\u00a0 S\u1ef1 an ninh<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> l\u1eabn nhau, khi\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c<\/span> v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span> mang m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed1ng b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i gia v\u1edbi t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a quan l\u1ea1i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t cao nh\u01b0 \u00c2u D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu<\/span>, V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch<\/span> (t\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng) \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> phong tr\u00e0o<\/span> ph\u1ee5c c\u1ed5, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t li\u1ec7t, r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng<\/span> s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn l\u00e0m m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3n v\u0103n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u01a1, t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

III. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed1ng b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i gia<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> quan, nh\u00e2n sinh<\/span> quan, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 duy<\/span> m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m ng\u1ed9<\/span> v\u1ec1 sinh m\u1ec7nh<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng ai \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span>, nh\u01b0 quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>, nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o<\/span>, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span> v.v\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n l\u1ea1 l\u1eabm, th\u00fa v\u1ecb<\/span>, k\u00edch th\u00edch<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i phu \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng-T\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn<\/span>, h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1i, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc<\/span> cao si\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i phu. Vi\u1ec7c tu thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng quan ng\u1ea1i<\/span>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Nho<\/span>. H\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, nh\u1edd th\u1ebf Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng-T\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1edf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> ch\u1ed7 d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n cho c\u00e1c s\u0129 d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3m, \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e0n, \u1ea9n d\u1eadt<\/span>. Ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> s\u0129 t\u1eed h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 thi c\u1eed l\u00e0m quan; l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn quan l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfm tru\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb quan; l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>, gi\u00fap l\u00e0m h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i<\/span> x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng s\u0129 d\u00e2n. H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Li\u1ec5u T\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean<\/span> ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> Nho-Th\u00edch. Khi khen ng\u1ee3i h\u1ecd Li\u1ec5u, T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span> trong Th\u01b0 Li\u1ec5u T\u1eed H\u1eadu<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1m thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> bi h\u1eadu<\/i> b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/span> (T\u1ed1ng), c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 s\u01b0<\/span> l\u00e0m lu\u1eadn thu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai th\u1eadt th\u00f4ng t\u1ecf v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span> nh\u01b0 T\u1eed H\u1eadu\u201d (14). S\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa Nho v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi<\/span>. T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1eebng n\u00f3i trong T\u1ebf Long T\u1ec9nh bi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i<\/span> v\u0103n<\/i>: \u201cKh\u1ed5ng, L\u00e3o kh\u00e1c nhau. Nho, Th\u00edch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng k\u00edch<\/span> gi\u1eefa thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt. Bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eafc, nam, \u0111\u00f4ng. S\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i tuy ri\u00eang nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn (ra bi\u1ec3n) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u201d (15).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, T\u00f4 Tri\u1ec7t<\/span> ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh<\/span> s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3i ng\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> trong T\u01b0 th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn s\u0129<\/span> s\u00e1ch v\u1ea5n nh\u1ecb th\u1ea5p b\u00e1t th\u1ee7<\/i>: \u201cTh\u1eed h\u1ecfi, Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed<\/span>, L\u00e3o T\u1eed<\/span> c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi. Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed<\/span> l\u1ea5y l\u1ec5 nh\u1ea1c d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f2n L\u00e3o T\u1eed<\/span> l\u1ea5y thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, v\u00f4 vi<\/span> l\u00e0m t\u00f4ng. Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed<\/span> t\u1eebng h\u1ecfi L\u00e3o T\u1eed<\/span> v\u1ec1 l\u1ec5, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00e0o ch\u00ea bai c\u1ea3. V\u1eady, Kh\u1ed5ng, L\u00e3o ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd<\/span> hay sao? \u0110\u1eddi sau<\/span> c\u00f3 M\u1ea1nh Kha<\/span>, H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc theo Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi D\u01b0\u01a1ng Chu, M\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ecbch<\/span>, H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1ecd Ph\u00f9-\u0111\u1ed3 (Ph\u1eadt) \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd c\u00f4ng k\u00edch<\/span>, gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9<\/span>. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec1n (nh\u00e2n) c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd M\u1ea1nh, h\u1ecd H\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed<\/span>, c\u00f2n \u2018c\u00e1i h\u1ea1i\u2019 c\u1ee7a D\u01b0\u01a1ng Chu, Ph\u00f9-\u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec L\u00e3o T\u1eed<\/span>. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>, c\u00f3 k\u1ebb b\u00e0i x\u00edch<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d (16).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ca ng\u1ee3i<\/span> qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/span> hay h\u1ee7y b\u00e1ng Ph\u1eadt<\/span> gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span>. T\u1eeb lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u00f4 Tri\u1ec7t<\/span>, xem x\u00e9t<\/span> l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span>, vai tr\u00f2<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> Trung Hoa, th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1m r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u d\u00e0y \u1edf x\u1ee9 s\u1edf n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i phu c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n sang \u00f4n h\u00f2a<\/span>, b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh<\/span>, l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/span>, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> Nho gi\u00e1o<\/span>, s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i phu lo s\u1ee3, bu\u1ed3n than: \u201cNho gia y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m<\/span>, b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n, \u0111\u1ec1u qui v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd Th\u00edch\u201d (17). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> m\u00e0 Nho gia<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec1 th\u1edd \u01a1<\/span>. T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Quang<\/span> b\u1ea3o: \u201cL\u1ec5 nh\u1ea1c th\u1eddi Tam \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf ch\u1ed7 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0\u201d (18) (Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed5<\/span> th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef7<\/i>). S\u00e1ch L\u00e3nh trai d\u1ea1 tho\u1ea1i<\/span> <\/i>c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o: \u201cTh\u1eddi Tam \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>, nh\u00e0 Chu, \u0111a s\u1ed1<\/span> th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb Nho gia<\/span> ta. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> sau, \u0111a s\u1ed1<\/span> th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n<\/span> xu\u1ea5t sinh<\/span> t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u201d (19). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c<\/span> l\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp s\u0129 phu<\/span>. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span> ti\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. Ngay c\u1ea3 t\u00e1m nh\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.<\/span><\/p>\n

– H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span>: <\/b>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1m nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc<\/span> thu\u1eadt Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> hi\u1ec7n nay t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1979 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc, vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span>, hay \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd, v\u00ec b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa t\u00e1m nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, v\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> Lu\u1eadn H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> <\/i>c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ea7n L\u1ea1c n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m<\/span> n\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nay kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 ai v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> trong t\u00e1m v\u0103n gia<\/span>, H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> n\u00f3i: \u201cL\u00fac tr\u1ebb t\u00f4i ham h\u1ecdc, ngo\u00e0i ng\u0169 kinh<\/span> ra, t\u00f4i c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a tr\u0103m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c. H\u1ec5 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn, h\u1ec5 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc ngay\u201d (20). \u201cS\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a tr\u0103m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00e1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Chu), M\u1eb7c (\u0110\u1ecbch), Th\u00edch, L\u00e3o, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp<\/span> v\u00e0o t\u00e2m ta\u201d (21). Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecdc qua.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> nh\u01b0 H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng<\/span> Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp<\/span> \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ed1ng\u201d, b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/span> v\u0103n th\u1ec3<\/span>. H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp<\/span> \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ed1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nho \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y Nho gi\u00e1o<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed1i \u201cgi\u00e1o ngo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n\u201d c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span>. Hay, l\u1ed1i \u201cc\u1ea3i v\u0103n t\u00e1c thi\u201d (bi\u1ebfn v\u0103n<\/span> th\u00e0nh th\u01a1) c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng<\/span> theo k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt m\u00f4n<\/span>. \u0110\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, kinh s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span> r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n<\/span> r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span>. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span> kinh Ph\u1ea1n ra H\u00e1n v\u0103n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> l\u1eabn Trung Hoa th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n, ng\u0169 ng\u00f4n, l\u1ee5c ng\u00f4n v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t ng\u00f4n. \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng<\/span> hay k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span>. K\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u0103n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u01a1, v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1eeb trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp cho \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p v\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u00e1p v\u1ea7n \u1edf ch\u1eef cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> do Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/span> to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi th\u00f3i quen<\/span> \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho ai \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 ghi nh\u1edb gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span>. Th\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng<\/span> theo l\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng<\/span> r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7p t\u1ef1. H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> trong Nguy\u00ean H\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span> thi<\/i> g\u1ed3m 256 c\u00e2u, c\u00f3 128 l\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ea7n. B\u00e0i Nam s\u01a1n<\/span> thi<\/i>, \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng 51 l\u1ea7n ch\u1eef \u201cho\u1eb7c\u201d (\u6216), 41 l\u1ea7n ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d (\u82e5). Trong T\u1ed1ng M\u1ea1nh \u0110\u00f4ng<\/span> D\u00e3 t\u1ef1<\/i>, \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn 20 l\u1ea7n ch\u1eef \u201cminh\u201d (\u9e23). \u00d4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> l\u00fd do<\/span> d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ckhi c\u00e1c t\u1eeb v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1 ra<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 (t\u1eadp trung) ghi nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trong mu\u00f4n th\u1ee9 s\u00f3t qu\u00ean\u201d (Nam<\/i> S\u01a1n thi<\/i>) (22).<\/span><\/p>\n

– Li\u1ec5u T\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean<\/span>:<\/b> Gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc<\/span> thu\u1eadt nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Li\u1ec5u T\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t th\u00edch so s\u00e1nh<\/span> v\u1edbi H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span>. H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, c\u00f2n Li\u1ec5u T\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean<\/span> th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> \u201cth\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p Nho, Th\u00edch\u201d. H\u1ecd Li\u1ec5u t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e2m m\u1ed9<\/span> Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>. Khi b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfm \u0111i V\u0129nh Ch\u00e2u 10 n\u0103m, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 to\u00e0n t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> c\u00f3 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c<\/span> trong th\u1eddi gian<\/span> n\u00e0y. Qu\u00ed Ti\u1ec7n L\u00e2m trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span> t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> <\/i>v\u00e0 Li\u1ec5u T\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean<\/span> \u2018Ki\u1ec1m chi l\u01b0\u2019 th\u1ee7 t\u00e0i lai nguy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o<\/i>, \u1edf g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span> so s\u00e1nh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> v\u1edbi ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Li\u1ec5u T\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean<\/span>, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/span> nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> trong truy\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> Tr\u1ea7n Du\u1eabn K\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> trong Li\u1ec5u T\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean<\/span> ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n \u0111\u00edch Ph\u1eadt kinh<\/span> \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1eadp \u2018Ki\u1ec1m chi l\u01b0\u2019 c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00edch uy\u00ean nguy\u00ean h\u00f2a do lai<\/i> r\u1eb1ng ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Li\u1ec5u T\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 \u1edf th\u1ec3 t\u00e0i<\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 trong Ng\u0169 ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadt<\/span><\/i> ch\u00e9p: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o<\/span> c\u00e1c t\u00ec-kheo: \u2018V\u00e0o th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, c\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ecd c\u00f3 hai con chim nh\u1ea1n k\u1ebft b\u1ea1n<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con r\u00f9a. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, n\u01b0\u1edbc trong h\u1ed3 kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n. Hai chim nh\u1ea1n b\u00e0n c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n r\u00f9a qua c\u01a1n kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3. Ch\u00fang n\u00f3i: \u2018N\u01b0\u1edbc trong h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y ng\u1eadm m\u1ed9t c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y, c\u00f2n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1eadm m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng khi ng\u1eadm c\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i!\u2019. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, ch\u00fang ng\u1eadm c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y bay \u0111i. Khi qua m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng n\u1ecd, c\u00f3 b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf, la l\u00ean: \u2018\u00d4! Nh\u1ea1n g\u1eafp r\u00f9a bay! Nh\u1ea1n g\u1eafp r\u00f9a bay k\u00eca!\u2019. Nghe v\u1eady, r\u00f9a n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn<\/span> n\u00f3i: \u2018Can g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ecdn bay!\u2019. V\u1eeba m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng, r\u00f9a li\u1ec1n tu\u1ed9t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y, r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft\u2019. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00f3i v\u00ec s\u00e2n gi\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 m\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng\u201d. H\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Li\u1ec5u T\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean<\/span> c\u0169ng vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/span> trong ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa<\/span>: c\u00f3 nai trong Lam giang chi mi<\/span><\/i>, c\u00f3 l\u1eeba trong Ki\u1ec1m chi l\u01b0<\/i>, c\u00f3 chu\u1ed9t trong V\u0129nh m\u1ed7 th\u1ecb chi th\u1eed<\/i>, c\u00f3 b\u1ecd x\u00edch trong Ph\u1ee5 b\u1ea3n truy\u1ec7n<\/i>, c\u00f3 kh\u1ec9 trong T\u1eb1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00f4n v\u0103n<\/i>, c\u00f3 r\u1eafn h\u1ed5 mang trong H\u1ef1u ph\u1ee5c x\u00e0 v\u0103n<\/i>, c\u00f3 g\u1ea5u trong Bi thuy\u1ebft<\/i>, c\u00f3 r\u1ed3ng trong Tr\u00edch long thuy\u1ebft <\/i>v.v\u2026 C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng so s\u00e1nh<\/span> t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> Ki\u1ec1m chi l\u01b0<\/i> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> C\u1ea5u l\u01b0 nh\u0169 d\u1ee5 <\/i>trong kinh B\u00e1ch d\u1ee5<\/i> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u1ecd nghe n\u00f3i s\u1eefa l\u1eeba r\u1ea5t ngon b\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft con l\u1eeba h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng<\/span> ra sao. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> h\u1ecd t\u00ecm mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con l\u1eeba, ai n\u1ea5y<\/span> li\u1ec1n tranh nhau h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eafn tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u, k\u1ebb m\u00fat tai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00fat \u0111u\u00f4i, k\u1ebb gi\u1edf ch\u00e2n l\u1eeba mong s\u1eefa t\u1eeb n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea3y ra. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng<\/span>. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3nh t\u1ec9nh<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00e1 tin<\/span> m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng<\/span> v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh nghe th\u1ea5y m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc. C\u00f2n Ki\u1ec1m chi l\u01b0 <\/i>th\u00ec k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t Ki\u1ec1m ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft con l\u1eeba ra sao, n\u00ean \u0111i t\u00ecm mua. Khi mang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con l\u1eeba v\u1ec1, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng con l\u1eeba l\u00e0m g\u00ec, n\u00ean th\u1ea3 v\u00e0o n\u00fai. Con h\u1ed5 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con v\u1eadt to l\u1edbn, \u0111en \u0111\u00faa, n\u00ean s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n<\/span>. H\u1ed5 ch\u1ec9 n\u00fap trong khe n\u00fai quan s\u00e1t<\/span>, nghe con l\u1eeba r\u1ed1ng l\u00ean, th\u00ec c\u00e0ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>. C\u1ee9 quan s\u00e1t<\/span> m\u00e3i, h\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n con l\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng<\/span> r\u1ed1ng l\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. H\u1ed5 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n<\/span>, l\u1eeba l\u1ea1i r\u1ed1ng l\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. H\u1ed5 c\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1o<\/span>: \u201cB\u1ea3n l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u00f4i \u01b0?\u201d, li\u1ec1n c\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 l\u1eeba \u0103n th\u1ecbt<\/span>. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Li\u1ec5u c\u0169ng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span> nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba<\/span>. N\u00f3i chung nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Li\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ec1u mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> t\u00f4n ph\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nho, n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf \u0111i th\u1eadt l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd \u0111au l\u00f2ng<\/span> nh\u1ee9c \u00f3c h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tha th\u1ee9<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/span> to l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do<\/span> m\u00e0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i phu \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/span> k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch<\/span>. V\u01b0\u01a1ng Phu Chi trong T\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadn<\/i> n\u00f3i: \u201cB\u1edfi th\u1ebf, V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch<\/span> th\u1eadt l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ti\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i (\u2026) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/span> kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec b\u1ecf \u0111i, (Th\u1ea1ch) l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1ng ng\u1ee5c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o h\u1eadn, l\u00e0m cho b\u1eadc l\u00e3o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5<\/span>; c\u00f2n khen k\u1ebb du s\u0129, vui v\u1edbi l\u1eddi d\u00e8m pha, ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf l\u00f2ng ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh<\/span>, sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t k\u1ebb ch\u00ea bai, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/span> s\u00e1ch v\u1edf c\u1ee7a ti\u00ean th\u00e1nh<\/span> m\u00e0 t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt, L\u00e3o, khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 anh em ru\u1ed9t<\/span> c\u0169ng o\u00e1n tr\u00e1ch, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/span>. Con ch\u1ebft, \u00f4ng ta li\u1ec1n bi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ch\u00f9a h\u00f2ng xin ch\u00fat ph\u00fac n\u01a1i Ph\u00f9-\u0111\u1ed3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/span> d\u00f9 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> m\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 An Th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3\u201d (23). \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e2n t\u1eed\u201d th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Nho. Nh\u00e0 Nho m\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 tha th\u1ee9<\/span> nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1m nh\u00e0 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, th\u00ec b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp s\u0129 d\u00e2n s\u00f9ng m\u1ed9 hay h\u1ee7y b\u00e1ng Ph\u1eadt<\/span> gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt m\u00f4n<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span>. Li\u1ec5u T\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean<\/span>, V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch<\/span> y\u00eau th\u00edch Ph\u1eadt, ba cha con<\/span> h\u1ecd T\u00f4 quay v\u1ec1<\/span> n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt, L\u00e3o. C\u00f2n H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span>, \u00c2u D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu<\/span> th\u00ec b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. T\u0103ng C\u1ee7ng trong L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u1ef1 <\/i>\u0111au x\u00f3t<\/span> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed1i h\u1ecda<\/span> l\u00e0m nguy h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 h\u1ecd H\u00e0n, \u00c2u, T\u0103ng c\u00f3 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi<\/span> \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> dung nhi\u1ebfp m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>. Trong D\u1eef \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110i\u00ean<\/span> th\u01b0<\/i>, H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> cung k\u00ednh<\/span>, khen nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> n\u00e0y \u201cth\u00f4ng minh, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd\u201d (24). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span> H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> quan t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0 qua l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u0103ng s\u0129, ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1o th\u1ed1ng, m\u01b0\u1ee3n k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c th\u01a1 cho m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u00c2u D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu<\/span>: <\/b>\u00c2u D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu<\/span> r\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span>, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i<\/span>. H\u1ecd \u00c2u c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Di, \u0110\u1ecbch, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a H\u00e1n t\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu<\/span> d\u1ee5ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n, n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 h\u1ecda h\u1ea1i<\/span>, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf<\/span> \u0111i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u00c2u D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu<\/span> trong B\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn <\/i>\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng Nho gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9<\/span> \u201ctu k\u1ef3 b\u1ea3n d\u0129 th\u1eafng chi\u201d (25) (r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n<\/span> b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng), t\u1ef1 tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> cho \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u0103m th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i<\/span>, t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft<\/span> x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm; sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u201cbi\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 ch\u1ea5t v\u0103n nhi t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9u\u201d (26) (thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t l\u1eabn v\u0103n m\u00e0 c\u1ee9u nhau). So v\u1edbi H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span>, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u00c2u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ecfng<\/span>, l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/span>, \u00f4n h\u00f2a<\/span> h\u01a1n, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> \u0111a nguy\u00ean<\/span>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> h\u1ecd \u00c2u c\u0169ng khen ng\u1ee3i c\u00e1c t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span> bi ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span> h\u1ecd \u00c2u v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. Ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng<\/span> bia \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a<\/span>, ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span>. \u00c2u D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu<\/span> r\u1ea5t th\u00edch s\u01b0u t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed5, quan t\u00e2m<\/span> r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn bia ch\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb bia \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n<\/span>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n c\u1eed v\u00e0i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> v\u1ec1 bi ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> nh\u01b0: T\u1eadp c\u1ed5 l\u1ee5c b\u1ea1t v\u0129<\/i>, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ti<\/span> h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3i c\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00edch x\u00e1<\/i>, B\u1eafc T\u1ec1 th\u1ea1ch Ph\u00f9-\u0111\u1ed3 k\u00fd<\/i>, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ea1n h\u1ed3i<\/span> th\u1ea7n t\u00edch<\/span> k\u00fd bi<\/i>, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f3ng sinh<\/span> tr\u00ec bi<\/i>\u2026 Nh\u1edd th\u1ebf \u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ra v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n<\/span>, c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, giao t\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span>. \u00c2u D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu<\/span> t\u1eebng d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd k\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a cho t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> Th\u00edch Duy Nghi\u1ec5m<\/span> v\u0103n t\u1eadp<\/span> <\/i>v\u00e0 Th\u00edch B\u00ed Di\u1ec5n thi t\u1eadp<\/i> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u0103ng s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt m\u00f4n<\/span>. Cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 L\u1ee5c Nh\u1ea5t c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span> (\u516d\u4e00\u5c45\u58eb). Qua \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c Nho s\u0129 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. T\u0103ng C\u1ee7ng trong b\u00e0i k\u00fd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n<\/span> Th\u00e1i Vi\u00ean vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/span> k\u00fd<\/i> than r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNh\u00e0 Nho l\u1ea1i thua xa c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u201d (27) l\u00e0 t\u1eeb xu th\u1ebf<\/span> \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd \u00c2u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch<\/span>, T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span>, T\u00f4 Tri\u1ec7t<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian<\/span> s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c<\/span> th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i s\u1edb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang b\u00e1i. Lo\u1ea1i s\u1edb n\u00e0y nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 trai v\u0103n, \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thanh t\u1eeb. Ri\u00eang h\u1ecd \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m 17 b\u00e0i trai v\u0103n, 45 b\u00e0i thanh t\u1eeb. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> hai ph\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng qua l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang ki\u1ebfn, c\u1ea7u an<\/span>, c\u1ea7u si\u00eau. Trong N\u1ed9i ch\u1ebf<\/span> t\u1eadp t\u1ef1<\/i>, h\u1ecd \u00c2u c\u0169ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span>: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc s\u0129<\/span> s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c<\/span> v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed vi\u1ebft c\u1ea3 thanh t\u1eeb, trai v\u0103n, d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed<\/span> v\u00e0 Ph\u00f9-\u0111\u1ed3\u201d (28). Cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, \u00c2u D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu<\/span> v\u1ec1 D\u0129nh Ch\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u00e0, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1m b\u1ea1c<\/span>, th\u01b0\u1eddng giao thi\u1ec7p<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u0103ng s\u0129, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 l\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 L\u1ee5c Nh\u1ea5t c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>, c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec3n C\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span> t\u1eadp<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u0103ng C\u1ee7ng: <\/b>T\u0103ng C\u1ee7ng c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 \u00c2u D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu<\/span>, c\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> b\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p<\/span> nh\u1ea5t trong t\u00e1m nh\u00e0. Tuy \u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> nh\u01b0ng mang t\u00ednh ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm<\/span>, b\u1ea5t k\u00ednh, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o Nho<\/span>, b\u00e0i b\u00e1c<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gia<\/span>. Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> l\u00e0m quan, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng tham gia<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n<\/span>, thi\u00ean tai<\/span> h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/span> t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb l\u00e0m quan nh\u01b0 T\u0103ng C\u1ee7ng b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span> cho m\u01b0a thu\u1eadn gi\u00f3<\/span> h\u00f2a, m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng b\u1ed9i thu. \u00d4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tham gia<\/span> Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i v\u0103n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>. Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span>, tuy \u00f4ng hay b\u00e0i b\u00e1c<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ca ng\u1ee3i<\/span> nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i<\/span> trong Ph\u1eadt m\u00f4n<\/span> b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span> qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i k\u00fd Ph\u00e2n Ninh huy\u1ec7n V\u00e2n Phong t\u1ef1<\/span> k\u00fd <\/i>khen ng\u1ee3i s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span> Th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0110\u00e2u-su\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7n k\u00fd <\/i>ca ng\u1ee3i<\/span> s\u01b0 tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec<\/span>, Th\u00e1i Vi\u00ean vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/span> k\u00fd <\/i>\u0111\u1ec1 cao s\u01b0 Kh\u1ea3 T\u00ea\u00b8 Kim S\u01a1n t\u1ef1<\/span> th\u1ee7y l\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00fd <\/i>t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span> s\u01b0 Th\u1ee5y T\u00e2n. B\u00e0i Giang Ch\u00e2u C\u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1ef1<\/span> t\u00e2n gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u00e0n k\u00fd <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 59 tu\u1ed5i, khen s\u01b0 Tr\u00ed Xi\u00eam l\u00e0 m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc ch\u00e2n tu<\/span>: \u201cL\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00f9a C\u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ee9c h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i, Tr\u00ed Xi\u00eam xem vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u00f9a l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u1ea7n c\u00f9<\/span> ra s\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam. Trong 20 n\u0103m s\u01b0 x\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, ba c\u1ed5ng, hai ch\u00e1i, l\u1ea7u chu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0n<\/span>, kinh ph\u00ed h\u01a1n 20 v\u1ea1n ti\u1ec1n. Tr\u00ed Xi\u00eam \u0103n m\u1eb7c<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1m b\u1ea1c<\/span>, n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh \u1edf h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng lo s\u1eeda, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1u lo vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y s\u1eeda ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> tin ph\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 \u00fd<\/span>. N\u0103m nay \u0111\u00e3 67 tu\u1ed5i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n, s\u01b0 v\u1eabn si\u00eang n\u0103ng, h\u0103ng h\u00e1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a. Ta khen ng\u1ee3i \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u01b0, n\u00ean vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i k\u00fd n\u00e0y\u201d (29).<\/span><\/p>\n

– V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch<\/span>: <\/b>V\u1ecb t\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0103n gia<\/span> n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng<\/span> th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 ca ng\u1ee3i<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc<\/span>. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh, ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m<\/span>, o\u00e1n than\u2026, c\u00f2n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh<\/span> \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee5c, xa r\u1eddi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng. Th\u1eadt ra, ni\u1ec1m c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng<\/span>, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m m\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ebft tha, ni\u1ec1m hoan h\u1ec9<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> r\u1ea1ng ng\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>. Trong V\u1ecdng Giang Nam, Qui y Tam b\u1ea3o<\/span> t\u00e1n<\/i>, V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch<\/span> vi\u1ebft: \u201cQui y ch\u00fang, ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span> b\u1ed1n oai nghi<\/span>. Nguy\u1ec7n con \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> ch\u01b0 Hi\u1ec1n<\/span> th\u00e1nh, v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span> di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span> n\u1ed7i ngu si<\/span> th\u1ebf gian<\/span>. Qui y<\/span> ph\u00e1p, ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n. Nguy\u1ec7n con s\u00e1u c\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ecbch<\/span> t\u0129nh, t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 tr\u0103ng b\u00e1u s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1a l\u01b0u ly<\/span>, t\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span> kh\u00f4ng nghi. Qui y<\/span> Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9 trong kho\u1ea3ng<\/span> kh\u1ea3y ng\u00f3n tay v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> ba k\u1ef3<\/span>. Nguy\u1ec7n con mau ch\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ed3i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1eeb bi<\/span>. Trong ba c\u00f5i<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y n\u1ed7i nguy tai, xin nguy\u1ec7n ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i<\/span> c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con, t\u1eeb c\u00f5i kh\u00f4ng, t\u01b0 duy<\/span> thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0nh, c\u00f9ng tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec<\/span> n\u01a1i ba ng\u00f4i qu\u00ed b\u00e1u\u201d (30). Khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt l\u00fd, V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch<\/span> trong m\u1ecdi sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u qui v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch con ch\u00e1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> qui y Tam b\u1ea3o<\/span>. Sau khi con m\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng c\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span>: <\/b>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0103n gia<\/span> kh\u00e1c g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0m cho v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> Trung Hoa th\u00eam n\u00e9t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc<\/span> l\u00e0 T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span>. T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u00e0 ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc<\/span> thu\u1eadt nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gia<\/span> n\u00e0y \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau. Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0110\u00e0i Loan<\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>, nh\u01b0 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u0129, sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 thi v\u0103n T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span> v.v\u2026 T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch trong ch\u00f9a T\u00ea V\u00e2n, c\u00f2n ch\u00e9p kinh, luy\u1ec7n th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u00e9p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kinh nh\u01b0 Kim cang<\/span><\/i>, Ph\u00e1p hoa<\/span><\/i>, L\u0103ng-nghi\u00eam<\/i>, B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a<\/span> t\u00e2m kinh<\/span><\/i>, Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1c<\/span><\/i>, L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i>. Ri\u00eang \u0110a t\u00e2m kinh<\/span><\/i>, Kim cang kinh<\/span><\/i>, L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 kinh<\/span><\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng sao ch\u00e9p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> ch\u00e9p kinh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n<\/span> tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u0103ng s\u0129, v\u00ec y\u00eau th\u00edch t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> thi\u1ec1n l\u00fd cao<\/span> s\u00e2u, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ph\u00fac cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> cho cha m\u1eb9<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i an l\u00e0nh<\/span>. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, trong Kim cang kinh<\/span> b\u00e1o<\/i>, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i: \u201cL\u00fac b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, ta hay \u0111\u1ecdc kinh<\/span> Kim cang<\/span><\/i>, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng theo l\u1eddi kinh \u1ea5y\u2026 Ng\u00e0y 2, th\u00e1ng\u2026 n\u0103m Canh D\u1ea7n, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Nguy\u00ean Ph\u00f9, ta l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi Hu\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n<\/span>. Bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i b\u1ecdn ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 mang gi\u1ea5y ra ch\u00e9p kinh, c\u1ea3 th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi xong. N\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfm tru\u1ea5t ra ngo\u00e0i n\u01a1i bi\u1ec3n xa, th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ru\u1ed9ng ph\u00fac n\u00e0y?\u201d (31) . \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 gi\u1ed7 cha l\u00e0 T\u00f4 Tu\u00e2n, hai anh em T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u00e9p kinh Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1c<\/span><\/i>, T\u00f4 Tri\u1ec7t<\/span> ch\u00e9p kinh Duy-ma <\/i>\u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ph\u00fac si\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> cho th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5<\/span>. Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span>, T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00f2n th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi b\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u1ecfi nghi ng\u1edd<\/span> t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0 B\u1ea1t s\u1edf th\u01b0 Vi\u00ean th\u00f4ng<\/span> kinh<\/i>, Th\u01b0 T\u00f4n Nguy\u00ean Trung s\u1edf th\u01b0 Hoa-nghi\u00eam kinh h\u1eadu<\/i>, B\u1ea1t L\u00fd Khang Ni\u00ean tri\u1ec7n T\u00e2m kinh<\/span> h\u1eadu..<\/i>. T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, qua l\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n, giao du<\/span>, k\u1ebft b\u1ea1n<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u0103ng s\u0129. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfm tru\u1ea5t \u1edf xa x\u00f4i, gian kh\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n, T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> to\u00e0n n\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng qua ng\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>, th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp<\/span> v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span> r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf<\/span>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n c\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y qua b\u00e0i Hi\u1ec7t th\u1eed ph\u00fa (<\/i>\u9ee0\u9f20\u8d4b<\/i>) <\/i>m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u1edf tu\u1ed5i thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean<\/span>. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau: \u0110ang lim dim<\/span> chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ng\u1ee7, th\u00ec nghe ti\u1ebfng chu\u1ed9t g\u1eb7m, T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span> sai \u0111\u1ee9a t\u1edb nh\u1ecf \u0111i t\u00ecm. \u0110\u1ee9a t\u1edb t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> con chu\u1ed9t n\u1eb1m ch\u1ebft trong c\u00e1i t\u00fai, l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 sao m\u1edbi nghe ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3 k\u00eau, gi\u1edd l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i. Con chu\u1ed9t v\u1eeba th\u1ea5y mi\u1ec7ng bao m\u1edf, li\u1ec1n nh\u1ea3y ra ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ea1y tho\u00e1t<\/span>. T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u1eabm: \u201cNg\u01b0\u01a1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch xa \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1eafm. V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt<\/span> th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng con chu\u1ed9t m\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u01a1i, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u201d. (32). Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m<\/span> hay b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u00fd cao<\/span> t\u1ed9t, thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gia<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span> suy nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> n\u00f3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt l\u00fd, \u00f4ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> \u1ea5y. Trong B\u1ea1t L\u00fd Khang Ni\u00ean tri\u1ec7n T\u00e2m kinh<\/span> h\u1eadu<\/i>, \u00f4ng khuy\u00ean nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n cha m\u1eb9<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an ngh\u1ec9 n\u01a1i c\u00f5i l\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span> t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c: \u201cNh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n si\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> cha m\u1eb9<\/span>, ph\u1ea3i qui y<\/span> Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>, l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1<\/span> b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d (33). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn cho m\u00ecnh t\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u00f4ng Pha c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u00f4 Tu\u00e2n: <\/b>C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> T\u00f4 Tu\u00e2n, T\u00f4 Tri\u1ec7t<\/span> xen l\u1eabn<\/span> v\u1edbi T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span>. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa T\u00f4 Tu\u00e2n v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/span> l\u1eafm, n\u00ean \u00edt c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o n\u00e0o n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y. T\u00f4 Tu\u00e2n gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1ng v\u0103n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 binh l\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, m\u00e0 gi\u1eef th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> \u00f4n h\u00f2a<\/span>. Khi hai con c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd ch\u00e9p kinh Ph\u1eadt, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 luy\u1ec7n th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u00e0i b\u00e0i k\u00fd v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n<\/span>. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng k\u1ebft b\u1ea1n<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u0103ng s\u0129. Trong \u1ee8c s\u01a1n t\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n<\/i>, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: \u201cL\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a Nh\u1ecb L\u00e2m. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi cao t\u0103ng<\/span>. Mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p. S\u01b0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u00f9ng \u0111i. Th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat ch\u00e1n. Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng qua. (34)<\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u00f4 Tri\u1ec7t<\/span>: <\/b>L\u00fac \u1ea5u th\u01a1, T\u00f4 Tri\u1ec7t<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng cha v\u00e0 anh \u0111\u1ecdc kinh<\/span> Ph\u1eadt, d\u00f9ng c\u00e2u kinh Ph\u1eadt r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0i h\u00f2a Nho, Ph\u1eadt, L\u00e3o. Trong L\u1ec5 nh\u1ea1c lu\u1eadn<\/i>, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n so s\u00e1nh<\/span> s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau gi\u1eefa Nho v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt qua t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nho gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 Trung dung<\/span><\/i>. \u00d4ng b\u1ea3o: \u201cS\u00e1ch Trung dung<\/span> <\/i>n\u00f3i: \u2018M\u1eebng gi\u1eadn bu\u1ed3n vui l\u00fac ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 trung; khi ph\u00e1t ra r\u1ed3i tr\u00fang ti\u1ebft th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00f2a. Trung l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u1ea1<\/span>; h\u00f2a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1<\/span>. \u0110\u1ea1t h\u1ebft m\u1ee9c trung h\u00f2a<\/span>, th\u00ec tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t an \u1ed5n<\/span>, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u2019. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span> hay sao, ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i (\u2026). L\u1ee5c T\u1ed5<\/span> (Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span>) b\u1ea3o: \u2018Kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fac n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec ai l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n lai di\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i?\u2019. T\u1eeb L\u1ee5c T\u1ed5<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/span>, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 n\u1eeda. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi \u201ckh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u00e1c c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c \u2018m\u1eebng gi\u1eadn bu\u1ed3n vui l\u00fac ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t ra (trung). V\u1eady, \u2018trung\u2019 l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh<\/span>; \u2018h\u00f2a\u2019 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ea1n h\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>. \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u2018trung h\u00f2a\u2019, tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt<\/span> sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>, th\u00ec c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa?\u201d (35). T\u00f4 Tri\u1ec7t<\/span> sau khi ngh\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c \u1edf quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng v\u1ee3 con<\/span> \u0111i ch\u00f9a<\/span>, c\u00fang b\u00e1i, l\u00e0m t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n<\/span> r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. T\u00f4 Tri\u1ec7t<\/span> n\u1eafm v\u1eefng Ph\u1eadt l\u00fd s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span> tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cT\u1eadp kh\u00ed v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> ch\u01b0a ti\u00eau h\u1ebft. T\u00e2m B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> \u0111ang d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span> s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/span>. M\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc Xu\u00e2n thu x\u01b0a truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> ch\u1ec9-qu\u00e1n, v\u00f4 sinh\u201d (36). \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/span> s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> t\u1eeb Nho c\u1ea3i sang Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0103n gia<\/span> c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> Nho h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb gia<\/span> \u0111\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> n\u01a1i quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span>, s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> ghi m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t to l\u1edbn trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng-T\u1ed1ng. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span> tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> s\u1ef1 vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o<\/span>, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng<\/span>, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> mang n\u00e9t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> h\u00f3a Ph\u1eadt<\/span> gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>. Th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0m lung lay v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nho gia<\/span>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, d\u00f9 t\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0103n gia<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 Nho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/span> ca ng\u1ee3i<\/span>, t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng<\/span>, c\u0169ng \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. D\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n hay kh\u00f4ng, h\u1ecd, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> nh\u01b0 H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span>, \u00c2u D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu<\/span>, T\u0103ng C\u1ee7ng, c\u0169ng vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 t\u00e0i<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i dung, ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span>, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, tham gia<\/span> sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1<\/span> v\u00e0 qui h\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1eadt m\u00f4n<\/span>. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9<\/span> Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span> nh\u01b0 Li\u1ec5u T\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean<\/span>, ba nh\u00e0 h\u1ecd T\u00f4. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u00c2u D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu<\/span> v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch<\/span>, hai v\u1ecb quan<\/span> cao v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/span> trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ra s\u1ee9c b\u00e0i b\u00e1c<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>, qui h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean l\u00e0, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>, th\u00f4ng t\u1ecf th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/span>, th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> nh\u00e2n sinh<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00a0thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, an nhi\u00ean<\/span>, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ebf gian<\/span>. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p tinh hoa<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Nho-Ph\u1eadt-L\u00e3o gi\u00fap Li\u1ec5u T\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean<\/span>, T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/span>, T\u00f4 Tri\u1ec7t<\/span>, V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch<\/span> th\u0103ng hoa, gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span>, kh\u00e1ch quan, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a h\u01a1n, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4n ngoan, b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c \u1edf m\u1ed7i Nho gi\u00e1o<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c<\/span>, t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng, chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>: Ph\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 17.10.2013<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110AL<\/span><\/p>\n

CH\u00da TH\u00cdCH<\/span><\/p>\n

(1) \u4ee5\u5929 \u7afa\u4e3a \u4f53 ,\u4ee5\u534e\u590f\u4e3a \u7528<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u6709\u88e8\u653f\u6cbb<\/span><\/p>\n

(3) \u7528\u798f\u90a6\u5bb6<\/span><\/p>\n

(4) \u592a\u7956\u7687\u5e1d\u521d\u5e78\u76f8\u56fd\u5bfa\u3002\u81f3\u4f5b\u50cf\u524d\u70e7\u9999, \u95ee\u5f53 \u62dc\u4e0e\u4e0d\u62dc\u3002\u50e7\u5f55\u8d5e\u5b81\u594f\u66f0\uff1a”\u4e0d \u62dc”\u3002\u95ee\u5176\u4f55\u6545\u3002\u5bf9 \u66f0\uff1a”\u89c1\u5728\u4f5b\u4e0d\u62dc\u8fc7\u53bb\u4f5b ” \uff08\u3002\u3002\u3002\uff09\u5176\u8bed\u867d\u7c7b \u4ff3\u4f18,\u7136 \u9002\u4f1a\u4e0a \u610f\u3002\u6545\u5fae\u7b11\u800c \u9894\u4e4b ,\u9042\u4ee5\u4e3a \u5b9a \u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(5) \u601d\u4fee\u5176\u8f9e\u4ee5\u660e \u5176\u9053<\/span><\/p>\n

(6) \u9053\u80dc\u8005\u6587\u4e0d\u96be\u800c\u81ea\u81f3<\/span><\/p>\n

(7) \u6709\u610f\u4e8e\u6d4e\u4e16\u4e4b\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n

(8) \u89c1\u5176\u5f62\u4ee5\u77e5\u5176\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n

(9) \u624d\u8bc6\u90a6\u5bb6\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n

(10) \u6587\u7ae0\u5408\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n

(11) \u5176\u9053\u5fc5\u8db3\u4ee5\u9002\u5929\u4e0b\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n

(12) \u65ad\u65ad\u4e4e\u4e3a\u4e16\u4e4b\u51c6 \u7ef3<\/span><\/p>\n

(13) \u4eca\u4e4b\u4e16,\u6e10\u8d8b\u6587 \u3002\u5176\u8d8b\u6587\u4e5f ,\u8d8b\u516b\u5bb6\u4e5f \u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(14) \u81ea\u5510\u81f3\u4eca, \u9882\u8ff0\u7956\u5e08\u8005\u591a\u77e3,\u672a\u6709\u901a\u4eae\u7b80\u6b63\u5982\u5b50\u539a\u8005<\/span><\/p>\n

(15) \u5b54\u8001\u5f02\u95e8,\u5112\u91ca\u5206 \u5bab\u3002\u53c8\u4e8e \u5176\u95f4,\u7985\u5f8b\u4ea4\u653b\u3002\u6211\u89c1\u5927\u6d77,\u6709\u5317\u5357\u4e1c\u3002\u6c5f\u6cb3\u867d \u6b8a,\u5176\u81f3\u5219\u540c \u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(16) \u95ee\uff1a\u5b54\u5b50\u4e0e\u8001\u5b50\u540c\u65f6\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u4ee5\u793c\u4e50\u6559\u4eba ,\u800c\u8001\u5b50\u4ee5\u6e05\u51c0\u65e0\u4e3a\u4e3a\u5b97\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u76d6\u5c1d\u95ee\u793c\u4e8e\u8001\u5b50 ,\u672a\u53ef\u4e00\u8a00\u975e\u4e4b\u8005\u3002\u592b\u5b54\u8001\u5c82\u540c\u9053\u54c9\uff1f\u540e\u4e16\u5b5f\u8f72,\u97e9\u6108\u7686\u5b66\u4e8e \u5b54\u5b50, \u7136\u5b5f\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e8e\u6768\u6731,\u58a8\u7fdf, \u97e9\u6108\u4e4b\u4e8e\u6d6e\u9607\u6c0f\u7686\u8bbc\u8a00\u653b\u4e4b, \u5ac9\u4e4b\u5982\u4ec7\u96e0\u3002\u592b\u97e9,\u5b5f\u4e4b\u8d24\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5b54\u5b50, \u800c\u6768\u6731,\u6d6e\u9607\u4e4b\u5bb3\u65e0\u5f02\u4e8e\u8001\u5b50 \u3002\u6216\u91ca\u800c\u4e0d\u95ee,\u6216\u6392\u800c \u4e0d\u7f6e, \u5176\u8bf4\u5b89\u5728\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

(17) \u5112\u95e8\u6de1\u8584, \u6536\u62fe\u4e0d\u4f4f, \u7686\u5f52\u91ca\u6c0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(18) \u4e09\u4ee3\u793c\u4e50\u5728\u7f01\u8863<\/span><\/p>\n

(19) \u6210\u5468\u4e09\u4ee3\u4e4b\u9645, \u5723\u4eba\u591a\u751f\u543e\u5112\u4e2d \u3002\u4e24\u6c49\u4ee5\u4e0b, \u5723\u4eba\u591a\u751f\u543e\u4f5b\u4e2d \u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(20) \u5c11\u597d\u5b66\u95ee, \u81ea\u4e94\u7ecf\u4e4b\u5916 ,\u767e \u4e8b\u4e4b\u4e66 , \u672a\u6709\u95fb\u800c\u4e0d\u6c42, \u5f97\u800c\u4e0d\u89c2\u8005.<\/span><\/p>\n

(21) \u6768,\u58a8,\u91ca,\u8001\u4e4b\u5b66\u65e0\u6240\u5165\u4e8e\u5176\u5fc3.<\/span><\/p>\n

(22) \u56e2 \u8f9e\u8bd5\u63d0\u6308, \u6302\u4e00 \u5ff5\u4e07 \u6f0f.<\/span><\/p>\n

(23) \u6545\u738b\u5b89\u77f3\u4e4b\u5141\u4e3a\u5c0f\u4eba, \u65e0\u53ef\u8f9e\u4e5f \u3002\u3002\u3002\u592b \u541b\u5b50\u6709\u5176\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e3a\u8005, \u4ee5\u53bb \u5c31\u8981\u541b\u4e5f, \u8d77\u5927\u72f1\u4ee5\u62a5\u775a\u7726\u4e4b\u6028\u4e5f, \u8fb1\u8001\u6210\u800c\u5956\u6e38\u58eb\u4e5f, \u559c\u8c17\u8c00\u800c \u59d4\u8179\u5fc3\u4e5f, \u7f6e\u903b\u5352\u4ee5\u5bdf\u8bfd\u8c24\u4e5f, \u6bc1\u5148\u5723\u4e4b\u9057\u4e66 \u800c\u5d07\u4f5b\u8001\u4e5f, \u6028\u53ca\u540c\u4ea7\u5144 \u5f1f \u800c\u7231\u4eba\u4e4b\u6392\u4e4b\u4e5f, \u5b50\u6b7b\u9b44\u4e27 \u800c\u820d\u5b85\u4e3a\u5bfa\u4ee5\u4e10\u798f\u4e8e\u6d6e\u9607\u4e5f \u3002\u82e5\u6b64\u8005\u7686\u541b\u5b50\u4ee5\u56fa\u7a77\u6fd2\u6b7b\u800c\u5fc5\u4e0d\u4e3a\u8005\u4e5f \u3002\u4e43\u5b89\u77f3\u5219\u7686\u4e3a\u4e4b\u77e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(24) \u9887\u806a\u660e ,\u8bc6\u9053\u7406.<\/span><\/p>\n

(25) \u4fee\u5176\u672c\u4ee5\u80dc\u4e4b.<\/span><\/p>\n

(26) \u53d8\u5176\u8d28\u6587\u800c\u76f8\u6551.<\/span><\/p>\n

(27) \u53cd\u4e0d\u53ca\u4f5b\u4e4b\u5b66\u8005\u8fdc\u77e3.<\/span><\/p>\n

(28) \u4eca\u5b66\u58eb\u6240\u4f5c\u6587\u7ae0\u591a\u77e3, \u4e4b\u4e8e\u6e05\u8bcd\u658b\u6587\u5fc5\u7528\u8001\u5b50, \u6d6e\u9607\u4e4b\u8bf4.<\/span><\/p>\n

(29) \u521d, \u666f\u5fb7\u5bfa\u5c4b\u574f\u51e0\u5e9f, \u667a\u66b9\u6168\u7136\u4ee5\u7ecf\u8425\u4e3a\u5df1\u4efb, \u4e0d\u820d\u5176\u663c\u591c\u4e4b\u52e4, \u51e1\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74 , \u4e3a \u4f5b \u6bbf, \u4e09\u95e8\u3002\u4e24\u5eca, \u949f\u697c\u4e0e\u4ecb\u4ed6\u575b, \u603b\u4e3a\u5c4b\u82e5\u5e72\u533a, \u603b\u8d39\u94b1\u4e8c\u5341\u4f59\u4e07 \u3002\u667a\u66b9\u98df\u6de1\u8863\u7c97, \u6240\u5c45\u5c4b\u574f\u4e0d\u81ea\u6cbb, \u6240\u5f97\u4e8e\u4eba\u60df\u8d44\u6cbb\u5176\u5bfa\u3002\u4ee5\u5176\u6545, \u4eba\u7686\u4fe1\u670d , \u51e1\u6240\u6b32\u4e3a\u65e0\u4e0d\u5982\u610f\u3002\u4eca\u5e74\u516d\u5341\u6709\u4e03\u77e3, \u5176\u7ecf\u8425\u5bfa\u4e8b, \u4e0d\u61c8\u5982\u521d,\u800c\u5176\u5f3a\u529b\u76d6\u6709\u4f59\u4e5f \u3002\u4e88\u5609\u5176\u610f, \u6545\u4e3a\u4e4b\u8bb0\u4e91\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(30) \u5f52\u4f9d\u4f17, \u68b5\u884c\u56db\u5a01\u4eea\u3002\u613f\u6211\u904d\u6e38\u8bf8\u4f5b\u571f, \u5341\u65b9\u8d24\u5723\u4e0d\u76f8\u79bb, \u6c38\u706d\u4e16\u95f4\u75f4\u3002\u5f52\u4f9d\u6cd5, \u6cd5\u6cd5\u4e0d\u601d\u8bae\u3002\u613f\u6211\u516d\u6839\u5e38\u5bc2\u9759, \u5fc3\u5982\u5b9d\u6708\u6620\u7409\u7483, \u4e86\u6cd5\u66f4\u65e0 \u7591\u3002\u5f52\u4f9d\u4f5b, \u5f39\u6307\u8d8a\u4e09\u7957\u3002\u613f\u6211\u901f\u767b\u65e0\u4e0a\u89c9, \u8fd8\u5982\u4f5b\u5750\u9053\u573a\u65f6, \u80fd\u667a\u53c8\u80fd\u60b2\u3002\u4e09\u754c\u91cc, \u6709\u53d6\u603b\u707e\u5371\u3002\u666e\u613f\u4f17\u751f\u540c\u6211\u613f, \u80fd\u4e8e\u7a7a\u6709\u5584\u601d\u60df, \u4e09\u5b9d\u5171\u4f4f\u6301.<\/span><\/p>\n

(31) \u5e73 \u751f \u548f\u300a\u91d1\u521a\u7ecf\u300b, \u5c1d\u4ee5\u7ecf \u81ea\u968f\u3002\u3002\u3002\u5143\u7b26\u5e9a\u8fb0\uff1f\u6708 \u4e8c\u65e5 , \u5076\u4e0e\u6167\u4e0a \u4eba \u591c\u8bdd \u53ca\u6b64 , \u56e0 \u51fa \u7eb8\u6c42 \u4ec6\u7f2e\u5199\u662f \u7ecf , \u51e1\u9605\u6708 \u800c \u6210 \u3002\u975e \u8c2a\u5c45\u6d77\u5916 , \u5b89 \u80fd \u79cd\u6b64 \u798f\u7530\u4e5f \u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(32) \u6c5d\u60df\u591a\u5b66\u800c\u8bc6\u4e4b\uff0c\u671b\u9053\u800c\u672a\u89c1\u4e5f\u3002\u4e0d\u4e00\u4e8e\u6c5d\uff0c\u800c\u4e8c\u4e8e\u7269\uff0c\u6545\u4e00\u9f20\u4e4b\u556e\u800c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u53d8\u4e5f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(33) \u7136\u4eba\u4e4b\u6b32\u8350\u5176\u4eb2, \u5fc5\u5f52\u4e8e\u4f5b, \u800c\u4f5c\u4f5b\u4e8b, \u5f53\u5404\u4ee5\u5176\u6240\u80fd \u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(34) \u6b64 \u5165\u4e8c\u6797 \u5bfa\u3002\u9042\u83b7\u9ad8 \u50e7 \u8a00\u3002\u95ee\u4ee5\u7edd\u80dc\u666f\u3002\u5bfc\u6211 \u540c \u8dfb\u6500\u3002\u903e\u6708 \u4e0d \u5026\u538c\u3002\u5ca9\u8c37\u884c \u6b32\u6b9a.<\/span><\/p>\n

(35) \u300a\u4e2d \u5eb8\u300b\u4e4b\u8a00\u66f0\uff1a’\u559c\u6012\u7231\u4e50\u672a\u53d1\u8c13\u4e4b\u4e2d, \u53d1\u800c\u7686\u4e2d\u8282\u8c13\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u4e2d \u4e5f\u8005\u5929\u4e0b\u4e4b\u5927\u672c; \u548c\u4e5f\u8005\u5929\u4e0b\u4e4b\u8fbe\u9053\u4e5f\u3002\u81f4\u4e2d\u548c, \u5929\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7109, \u4e07 \u7269\u80b2\u7109’\u3002\u6b64\u975e\u4f5b\u6cd5\u800c\u4f55, \u987e\u6240\u4ee5\u8a00\u4e4b\u5f02\u8033’\u3002\u3002\u3002\u4e88\u66f0\uff1a’\u516d\u7956\u6709\u8a00, \u4e0d \u601d\u5584, \u4e0d\u601d\u6076, \u65b9\u4e91\u662f\u65f6\u4e5f, \u5b70\u662f\u6c5d\u672c\u6765\u9762\u76ee\uff1f\u81ea\u516d\u7956\u4ee5\u6765, \u4eba\u4ee5\u6b64 \u8a00\u609f\u5165\u8005\u592a\u534a\u77e3\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u4e0d\u601d\u5584, \u4e0d\u601d\u6076, \u5219\u559c\u6012\u7231\u4e50\u4e4b\u672a\u53d1\u4e5f\u3002\u76d6\u4e2d \u8005, \u4f5b\u6027\u4e4b\u5f02\u540d, \u800c\u548c\u8005, \u516d\u5ea6\u4e07\u884c\u4e4b\u603b\u76ee\u4e5f\u3002\u81f4\u4e2d\u6781\u548c \u800c\u5929\u5730\u4e07\u7269\u751f\u4e8e\u5176\u95f4, \u6b64\u975e\u4f5b\u6cd5, \u4f55\u4ee5\u5f53\u4e4b.<\/span><\/p>\n

(36) \u6587\u7ae0\u4e60\u6c14\u6d88\u672a\u5c3d, \u822c\u82e5\u521d\u5fc3\u8001\u6e10\u660e \u3002\u521d\u6709\u6625\u79cb\u4f20\u65e7\u5b66, \u7ec8\u51ed\u6b62\u89c2\u5b9a \u65e0\u751f.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U<\/span> THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Ns. Th\u00edch N\u1eef<\/span> Nh\u01b0 Huy\u1ec1n (1996), Kinh B\u00e1ch d\u1ee5<\/i>, Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n<\/span> Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea (1964), \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed<\/span> Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span><\/i>, NXB Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea (1965), C\u1ed5 v\u0103n<\/span> Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span><\/i>, quy\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Tao \u0110\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n,.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Th\u00edch Nguy\u00ean Ch\u01a1n ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean (2009), Thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c<\/span> nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o<\/span> (Ch\u01b0 kinh y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp<\/span>)<\/i>, Nxb. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Chu C\u01b0\u01a1ng (1994), \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed1ng t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> gia \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadn d\u1eef v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/i>, \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n x\u00e3.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Ch\u1eed \u0110\u00f4ng Giao (1928), V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch<\/span><\/i>, Th\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u1ee5 \u1ea5n th\u01b0 qu\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ee9c (1997), H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> v\u0103n tuy\u1ec3n<\/span><\/i>, Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n<\/span> v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span> xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n x\u00e3, B\u1eafc Kinh.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. L\u01b0u Kim Tr\u1ee5 (2004), \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed1ng b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i gia d\u1eef Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/i>, Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n<\/span> xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n x\u00e3.<\/span><\/p>\n

5. V\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ef1c\u2026 (1981), C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i H\u00e1n ng\u1eef, \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb s\u00e1ch<\/i>, Trung Hoa th\u01b0 c\u1ee5c, B\u1eafc Kinh.<\/span><\/p>\n

6. T\u00f4n X\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0169 (1986), H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span> t\u1ea3n v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7<\/span> thu\u1eadt lu\u1eadn<\/i>, Nxb. Nam Khai \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

7. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1c D\u00e2n (1974), \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed1ng b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i gia b\u00ecnh<\/span><\/i> truy\u1ec7n<\/i>, H\u1ecdc Sinh<\/span> th\u01b0 c\u1ee5c, \u0110\u00e0i Loan<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[ad_1] \u00a0 \u1ea2NH H\u01af\u1edeNG C\u1ee6A PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O V\u1edaI \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG T\u1ed0NG B\u00c1T GIA \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 TS. \u0110o\u00e0n \u00c1nh Loan Khoa V\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110H. KHXH&NV TPHCM I.\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7469,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[104],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-7467","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-giai-dap-nghi-hoac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7467","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7467"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7467\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7469"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7467"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7467"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7467"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=7467"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}