{"id":7511,"date":"2020-12-04T16:59:06","date_gmt":"2020-12-04T09:59:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/04\/ve-mot-so-van-de-trong-kinh-lang-gia-phan-han\/"},"modified":"2020-12-04T16:59:06","modified_gmt":"2020-12-04T09:59:06","slug":"ve-mot-so-van-de-trong-kinh-lang-gia-phan-han","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/04\/ve-mot-so-van-de-trong-kinh-lang-gia-phan-han\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong Kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1n – H\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Ghi sau khi vi\u1ebft<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> (Saddharmala<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101vat\u0101ras\u016btram<\/i>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng trong v\u0103n h\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>; kh\u00e1t khao \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n Kinh<\/span> L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span> l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi N\u0103ng \u0111o\u1ea1n Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/i>, d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng<\/span> Ph\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n Devanagari v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Anh ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Ed. Conze ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span>, c\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fa v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u tham chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Ph\u1ea1n-T\u1ea1ng-Anh-H\u00e1n.\u00a0 Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> b\u1eaft tay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span>: Saddharmala<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101vat\u0101ras\u016btram<\/i>, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> d\u00e2ng tr\u1ecdn c\u1ea3 tr\u00e1i tim, \u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt soi s\u00e1ng<\/span> cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span> n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh \u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00fd<\/span> uy\u00ean \u00e1o<\/span> m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7m, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span> l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean<\/span> ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng may m\u1eafn<\/span> nh\u1edd c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb T\u00f4n s\u01b0<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng l\u00fac ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> b\u1ebf t\u1eafc. Vi\u1ec7c kinh v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u00e0 nh\u1edd t\u00f4n \u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd<\/span> Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang con t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi g\u1eb7p t\u1eeb Sanskrit n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> tra theo hai T\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3n L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n Anh-H\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9c \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span> nguy\u00ean ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> Kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i>, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i D.T.Suzuki th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, qua t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> \u201cr\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n\u201d: Studies in the Lankavatara Sutra <\/i>\u2013 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u1ec1 kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0. Qua t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> n\u00e0y, D.T.Suzuki \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a kinh nh\u01b0: h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> duy t\u00e2m<\/span>, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 sinh<\/span>, ba th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1eeba<\/span>, L\u1ee5c Ba-la-m\u1eadt<\/span>, N\u0103m t\u1ed9i v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n<\/span>, s\u1ef1 \u0103n th\u1ecbt<\/span> v.v..<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi Phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span>, kinh v\u0103n L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i>, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> c\u1ed1 \u00fd<\/span> ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> \u1edf trong kinh qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc-d\u1ecbch nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> hay nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> g\u00ec v\u1ec1 kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n<\/span> chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ghi l\u1ea1i, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c D.T.Suzuki l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span> trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1eady, c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5<\/span> ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf-t\u00f4n xin ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> gia h\u1ed9<\/span>, cho vi\u1ec7c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span> b\u1ed9 L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang con s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0i d\u00f2ng t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d t\u1eeb L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0, c\u1ea7u mong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang ch\u00fat an vui<\/i> \u0111\u1ec3 xua \u0111i c\u00e1i m\u00f9i v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u00f2 r\u01b0\u1ee3u say ng\u00e0n ng\u00e0y, <\/i>\u0111\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 duy\u00ean v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111ang d\u1ea1o ch\u01a1i trong khu v\u01b0\u1eddn ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1eadn ng\u00e0y Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n<\/span> sinh, 2559,<\/span><\/p>\n

TVTNA<\/i>, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f9a An C\u01b0<\/span>,<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u00ean<\/b> k\u00ednh ghi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>V\u1ec0 M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0<\/span> TRONG KINH L\u0102NG GI\u00c0<\/span> PH\u1ea0N-H\u00c1N
<\/span>T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd<\/span> \u201cb\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d<\/span><\/div>\n

C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>: b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 hoa \u0111\u1ed1m<\/span> gi\u1eefa h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> kh\u1edfi sinh, b\u0103ng ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> (hay quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>) v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>.\u00a0 \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i>: \u201cUtp\u0101dabha<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>garahito loka<\/i>\u1e25<\/i> khapu<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>pasa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>nibha<\/i>\u1e25<\/i>\/ sad-asannopalabdhas te praj\u00f1ay\u0101 k<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>pay\u0101 ca te.<\/i>\u201d[1]; k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> Sanskrit n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u1ea7u-na-b\u1ea1t-\u0111\u00e0-la d\u1ecbch qua H\u00e1n ng\u1eef r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span>: \u201c\u4e16\u9593\u96e2\u751f\u6ec5 – \u7336\u5982\u865b\u7a7a\u82b1 -\u667a\u4e0d\u5f97\u6709\u7121- \u800c\u8208\u5927\u60b2\u5fc3 Th\u1ebf gian<\/span> ly sanh<\/span> di\u1ec7t\/Do nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> hoa\/Tr\u00ed b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc h\u1eefu v\u00f4\/Nhi h\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> t\u00e2m\u201d[2]. Do s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng Sanskrit n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span> t\u1eeb qua H\u00e1n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t, B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-l\u01b0u-chi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0: \u201cPh\u1eadt tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> qu\u00e1n\/ th\u1ebf gian<\/span> ly sinh<\/span> di\u1ec7t\/ do nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> hoa\/ h\u1eefu v\u00f4<\/span> b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc\u201d[3]. \u00a0Khi \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean<\/span> v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>, phi m\u1ecdi \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp<\/span> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> m\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 acal\u0101<\/i> : \u201cb\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m \u1edf trong m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba, \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> m\u1ecdi gian nan<\/span> – \u201cdvayasa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>j\u00f1\u0101vicalan\u0101d acal\u0101 ca nirucyate<\/i>[4]: do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb dao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> (h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> hay v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>) n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> (acal\u0101<\/i>)\u201d[5].<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n n\u00e0y, v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> nh\u1eadp v\u00f4 d\u01b0<\/span> Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cnan \u0111\u1ec1\u201d n\u1eefa. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> v\u00f4 d\u01b0<\/span> Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: \u201c\u1e63\u1e6d<\/i>amy\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> Mah\u0101mate nirv\u0101<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> \u015br\u0101vakapratyeka-buddhodhisattv\u0101n\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>\/ bodhisattv ca sam\u0101dhibuddhairvidh\u0101ryante tasm\u0101t sam\u0101dhisukh\u0101d, yena na parinirv\u0101nti aparip\u016br\u1ecbatv\u0101t tath\u0101gatabh\u016bme<\/i>\u1e25<\/i>\/ sarvak\u0101ryaprati prasrambha<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>a<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> ca sy\u0101t, yadi na sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>dh\u0101rayet, tath\u0101gatakula- va<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>\u015boccheda\u015bca sy\u0101t\/ acintyabuddha- mah\u0101tmaya<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> ca de\u015bayanti te buddh\u0101 bhagavanta<\/i>\u1e25<\/i>\/ ato na parinirv\u0101nti\/ \u015br\u0101vaka-pratyekabuddh\u0101s tu sam\u0101dhisukhen\u0101pahriyante\/ atas te<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> tatra parinirv\u0101<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>abudhir bhavati<\/i>\u201d [6]: Tam-mu\u1ed9i m\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Thanh v\u0103n<\/span> v\u00e0 Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng do n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt n\u00ean B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> \u1edf n\u01a1i tam-mu\u1ed9i m\u00f4n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec<\/span>, th\u00ec B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 l\u00e0m d\u1ee9t ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh<\/span> Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>. Cho n\u00ean, ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft<\/span> c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, khi\u1ebfn cho B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3<\/span> nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Thanh v\u0103n<\/span> v\u00e0 Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c<\/span> v\u00ec c\u00f2n b\u1ecb d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u00e0o l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span> c\u1ee7a tam-mu\u1ed9i cho n\u00ean \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n[7].<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i Tu\u1ec7 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt trong kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean: B\u1eb1ng Bi v\u00e0 Tr\u00ed, m\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, l\u00e0 sinh di\u1ec7t<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t; l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>. V\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> tr\u00ean L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m ba lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed<\/span> – \u201c\u2026lokottara laukika lokottaratama<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> j\u00f1\u0101nam<\/i>\u201d[8]:\u00a0 c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed<\/span>, th\u1ebf gian<\/span> (laukika<\/i>) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/span> (lokottara<\/i>) c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba<\/span>, v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/span> th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed (lokottaratama<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> j\u00f1\u0101nam<\/i>) c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ean l\u00e0: \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba quang minh \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/i>\u201d[9], \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u00ed<\/span> tu\u1ec7 soi r\u1ecdi s\u00e1ng<\/span> l\u00fd, gi\u00e1o, h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>. V\u1ec1 sau, L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1 ra<\/span> \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> \u201cchuy\u1ec3n y<\/span><\/i>\u201d, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o<\/span> r\u1eb1ng: ai th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> hay Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn<\/span>, l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian tr\u00ed<\/span>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span> hay xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/span> th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed – \u201cPunar apara<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> Mah\u0101mate nirv\u0101<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>am \u0101ryaj\u00f1\u0101napraty\u0101tmagatigocara<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> \u015b\u0101\u015bvatocchedavikalpabh\u0101v\u0101bh\u0101-vavivarjitam<\/i>[10]: L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7<\/span>, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed<\/span> t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t<\/span>, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> hay phi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c<\/span>, t\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> n\u00f3i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m<\/span>. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au m\u00e0 mong c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n: \u201cN\u0103m th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n<\/span> v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span> kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span> c\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9 v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>, b\u1ecb che m\u1edd b\u1edfi b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i t\u1eadp kh\u00ed\u201d[11].<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i th\u00eam theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span><\/i>, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> kh\u1edfi di\u1ec7t<\/span> t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh – \u201cB\u1ed3 t\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp<\/span> di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh\u2026. B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t<\/span> t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh trong t\u1eebng ni\u1ec7m ni\u1ec7m<\/span>, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ec5n ly<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1eefu v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p.\u201d[12]. Khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> anutpattidharmak\u015b\u0101nti<\/i> – v\u00f4 sinh ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn<\/span>, ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 ba-la-m\u1eadt<\/span>, th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3n<\/span> lai v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn nh\u1eabn<\/span>. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn, thu\u1eadn nh\u1eabn<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 sinh ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn<\/span>;\u00a0 L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span>, v\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn, do b\u1edfi<\/span> th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u1eef nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> y<\/i> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> – \u201ctasy\u0101\u015b ca tathat\u0101rthatv\u0101t k<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>\u0101ntil\u0101bh\u0101d vi\u015buddhita<\/i>\u1e25<\/i>\/ karmadvay\u0101d an\u0101lamb\u0101 maitr\u012b kle\u015bak<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>ay\u0101d api<\/i>\/\/\u201d[13]: v\u00f4 duy\u00ean t\u1eeb<\/span>, v\u00ec qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu<\/span> ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span>, v\u00ec \u0111\u1eafc (v\u00f4 sinh ph\u00e1p<\/span>) nh\u1eabn, v\u00ec hai nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 v\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/span>, ta m\u01b0\u1ee3n vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn<\/span> m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span> –\u201c\u2026sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>s\u0101ravikalpadu<\/i>\u1e25<\/i>khabhayabh\u012bt\u0101 nirv\u0101<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>am anve<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>ante\/ sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>s\u0101ranirv\u0101<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>ayor avi<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>e\u015baj\u00f1\u0101<\/i>\u1e25<\/i> sarvabh\u0101vavikalp\u0101-bh\u0101v\u0101d indriy\u0101<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>\u0101m an\u0101gatavi<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>ayoparam\u0101c ca mah\u0101mate nirv\u0101<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>\u0101-<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>a<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> vikalpayanti napraty\u0101tmagati vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101laya<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> par\u0101v<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>tti-p\u016brvaka<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> \u2026.<\/i>\u201d[14]: \u00a0Do s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> v\u1ec1 n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh t\u1eed<\/span> m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/span> Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Sinh t\u1eed<\/span> v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, v\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1ed1n h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng<\/span>, phi h\u1eefu<\/span>. Khi th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u0103n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ea1i Tu\u1ec7! Ch\u00fang v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n; nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 A-l\u1ea1i-da, l\u00e0 kho t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n y<\/span> t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d[15].<\/span><\/p>\n

Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>[16] gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> sinh t\u1eed<\/span> th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0: \u00a0sinh t\u1eed<\/span> ph\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/i> l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> h\u01b0 ng\u1ee5y<\/span>. Sinh t\u1eed<\/span> bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch<\/span><\/i> b\u1ea5t t\u1eed<\/span> l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00fd sinh th\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a A-la-h\u00e1n, B\u00edch-chi-Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ta n\u00f3i t\u1edbi \u00dd sinh th\u00e2n<\/span><\/i>, t\u1eeb Sanskrit \u1edf Saddharmala<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101vat\u0101ras\u016btram<\/i> <\/i>g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: manomaya-k\u0101ya<\/i>; c\u0169ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u00e0nh th\u00e2n<\/span><\/i>[17]. C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i \u00fd th\u00e0nh th\u00e2n<\/span>[18]:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Sam\u0101dhisukhasam\u0101pattimanomaya<\/i>[19] – nh\u1eadp tam-mu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1c ch\u00e1nh th\u1ecd<\/span> \u00fd th\u00e0nh th\u00e2n<\/span>: B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ee9 ba, th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m khi nh\u1eadp tam mu\u1ed9i<\/span>, d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi t\u1ea1p lo\u1ea1n, t\u00e2m t\u1ecbch nhi\u00ean<\/span> b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>; bi\u1ec3n t\u00e2m<\/span> kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c<\/span>; t\u00e2m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ea3nh to\u00e0n tri\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh do l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span> c\u1ee7a tam-mu\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a02. Svabh\u0101v\u0101vabodhamanomaya<\/i>[20] – Gi\u00e1c ph\u00e1p<\/span> t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> \u00fd th\u00e0nh th\u00e2n<\/span>, \u1ede \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n<\/span>, th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh. T\u00e2m chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn<\/span> s\u1edf y<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 an tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f3a<\/span> hi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span>, nh\u01b0 hoa n\u1edf, nhanh ch\u00f3ng theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n<\/span>; nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n<\/span>, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0 \u1ea3nh, nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng vang<\/span>; th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng do b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh hay t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trang nghi\u00eam<\/span> m\u1ecdi s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o kh\u1eafp c\u00f9ng c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t<\/span> t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span> b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Dharmanik\u0101yasahajasa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>sk\u0101rakriy\u0101mano-maya<\/i> – Ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2u sanh v\u00f4 t\u00e1c<\/span> h\u00e0nh \u00fd th\u00e0nh th\u00e2n<\/span>, th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span> do v\u00f4 t\u00e1c<\/span> h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i[21].<\/span><\/p>\n

Asa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>sk\u0101rakriy\u0101<\/i>, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 asa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>sk\u0101rakriy\u0101<\/i>, do \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e1c<\/span> h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u0111\u00f3; Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd<\/i> n\u00f3i: h\u00e0nh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00f4 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span>. D.T Suzuki d\u1ecbch theo \u00fd c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n[22]: the will-body which assumed [by a Bodhisattva according to] the class of being [to be saved] and which perfects and achieve [without a thought of its own achievement].<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c<\/span>, v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb bi<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> hay t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span> c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa; th\u1ebf n\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp thu<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> \u00a0nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5<\/span> do hai h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i sinh t\u1eed<\/span> \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng v\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u00f4m tr\u1ecdn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> s\u1ef1 b\u1ee9c b\u00e1ch<\/span> c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch sinh t\u1eed<\/span> – \u201cbodhisattv\u0101<\/i>\u1e25<\/i> punar\u2026 nirodhasam\u0101dhisukhamukha<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> d<\/i>\u1e5b\u1e6d<\/i>v\u0101 p\u016brva pra<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>i dh\u0101nak<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>p\u0101karu<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>opet\u0101 ni<\/i>\u1e63\u1e6d<\/i>hapadagativibh\u0101gaj\u00f1\u0101 na parinirv\u0101nti<\/i>\u201d[23], c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda d\u1eabn v\u00e0o l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span> tam mu\u1ed9i<\/span>, li\u1ec1n nh\u1edb ngay \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9<\/span> v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span>, v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n ngay[24].<\/span><\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c<\/span> vi t\u1ebf<\/span> th\u00f9 th\u1eafng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m<\/span> b\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 l\u1eadu<\/span> c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> L\u0103ng \u2013gi\u00e0<\/i> Sanskrit g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 acinty\u0101cyutigata<\/i> (vipari<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>\u0101mak\u012b cyuti<\/i>)[25], kinh Th\u1eafng man<\/i> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch t\u1eed<\/span>[26], kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0: b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb<\/span> hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp<\/span> bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch<\/span> t\u1eed[27], \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: b\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch t\u1eed<\/span>[28].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> v\u00ec quay l\u01b0ng v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh<\/span> n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ee7 hai h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i sinh t\u1eed<\/span> n\u00e0y. Cho n\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh<\/span> m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a sinh t\u1eed<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, duy ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00f3. K\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y – \u201cNa ca Mah\u0101mate sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>s\u0101rasya p\u016brvako<\/i>\u1e6d<\/i>i<\/i>\u1e25<\/i> praj\u00f1\u0101yate<\/i>\u201d[29]: N\u00e0y Mah\u0101mate, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> t\u1ed1i s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00f4 minh tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 minh t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba\u201d[30]. \u00a0V\u00f4 minh<\/span> t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba, l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch theo kinh Th\u1eafng man<\/i>. Nguy\u00ean ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 <\/i>l\u00e0 avidy\u0101v\u0101san\u0101bh\u016bmi<\/i>, kinh Th\u1eafng man<\/i> hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n \u00c3vas<\/i> (vasati<\/i>): tr\u1ee5, l\u01b0u tr\u00fa; c\u00f2n Th\u00e0nh Duy th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/i> hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n \u00c3v\u0101s<\/i> (v\u0101sayati<\/i>): x\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> hay v\u00f4 minh<\/span> t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba v\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> ch\u1ee7 quan<\/span>, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span> c\u00f2n b\u1ecb bao ph\u1ee7 trong m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>, V\u00f4 minh tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>. V\u00f4 minh tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00e2m v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. B\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh<\/span>[31].<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y truy nguy\u00ean<\/span> v\u1ec1 L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> ph\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y kinh ch\u00e9p nh\u01b0 sau -\u201can\u0101dik\u0101lavividha prapa\u00f1cadau<\/i>\u1e63\u1e6d<\/i>hulya v\u0101san\u0101v\u0101sita<\/i>\u1e25<\/i> \u0101layavij\u00f1\u0101nasa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>\u015babdito’ vidy\u0101v\u0101san\u0101bh\u016bmijai<\/i>\u1e25<\/i> saptabhir vij\u00f1\u0101nai<\/i>\u1e25<\/i> saha mahodadhitara<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>ga vannityam avyu-cchinna \u015bar\u012bra<\/i>\u1e25<\/i> pravartate anityat\u0101do- <\/i>\u1e63<\/i>arahita \u0101tmav\u0101davini-v<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>tto’ tyantaprak<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>tipri\u015buddha<\/i>\u1e25<\/i>\u201d[32]: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A-l\u1ea1i-da th\u1ee9c<\/span>, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbp b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u00e0n d\u01b0 t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span> t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span>, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e0n d\u01b0 t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span> v\u00f4 minh<\/span>. B\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u201cC\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp<\/span> b\u1edfi \u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u01b0 ng\u1ee5y<\/span> t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c<\/span>, sinh ra b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f4 minh tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>. V\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span> bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn m\u00e0 n\u1ed5i s\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> h\u1eb1ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng\u201d [33].<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> ti\u1ebfp – \u201c\u2026\u0101layavij\u00f1\u0101nasa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>\u015babdito’ vidy\u0101-v\u0101sana bh\u016bmajai<\/i>\u1e25<\/i> saptabhir vij\u00f1\u0101nai<\/i>\u1e25<\/i>\u2026 pravartate<\/i>\u201d[34]: c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c a-l\u1ea1i-da chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c (l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n sinh t\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Avidy\u0101-v\u0101s\u0101na-bh\u016bmi<\/i> H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> \u7121 \u660e \u4f4f \u5730, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi<\/span> m\u016bl\u0101vidy\u0101 <\/i>-c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4<\/span> minh, ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c<\/span><\/i>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> Kh\u1edfi t\u00edn<\/span><\/i> n\u00f3i: \u201cDo kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t<\/span> ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi<\/span> nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> (ekadharmadh\u0101tu<\/i>), n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00e2m m\u00e0 h\u1ed1t nhi\u00ean<\/span> kh\u1edfi v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m<\/span>, do \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi trong m\u01b0\u1eddi hai chi duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>; nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c<\/span> kh\u1edfi l\u00ean khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean h\u1ed9i L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7<\/span> h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>: Nh\u01b0 lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span> m\u00e0 Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n<\/span> n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c Kinh, l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>, ki\u00ean c\u1ed1<\/span>, di\u1ec7u l\u1ea1c<\/span>, th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa; thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Nh\u01b0 lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span> \u1ea5y h\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft T\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o? Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, Nh\u01b0 lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span> m\u00e0 Ta \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft T\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7<\/span> l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi: \u201cN\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec sinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec di\u1ec7t?\u201d, Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p<\/span>: \u201cNh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span> n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f5i sinh lo\u1ea1i\u201d[35].<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span> \u5982 \u4f86 \u85cf, L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span> – Tath\u0101gatag\u1ea1rbha<\/i>; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>. T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec Sinh t\u1eed<\/span> th\u00ec n\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng<\/span>[36]; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1edfi Kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> – \u201ctathagatagarbho mah\u0101mate ku\u015bal\u0101ku\u015bala-hetuka<\/i>\u1e25<\/i> sarvagatikart\u0101 pravartate<\/i>\u201d [37], Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sinh lo\u1ea1i[38]. \u00a0L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span>, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3<\/span> xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> l\u00e0m.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> – B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt[39]: \u00a0\u201cB\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>, trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> ng\u1eddi s\u00e1ng, b\u1ea3n lai<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, \u0111\u1ee7 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t<\/span>, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong th\u00e2n ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t minh ch\u00e2u<\/span> v\u00f4 gi\u00e1<\/span> b\u1ecb b\u1ecdc trong t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i b\u1ea9n; (Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span>) tuy b\u1ecb qu\u1ea5n ch\u1eb7t b\u1edfi chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9, gi\u1edbi, b\u1ecb c\u00e1u b\u1ea9n b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n tham d\u1ee5c<\/span>, th\u00f9 h\u1eadn, ngu si<\/span>, h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u00e1c th\u1ee9, v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>, tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu<\/span>, t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh<\/span>, b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/span>. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span> thuy\u1ebft Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o? B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>, Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u0169ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span>, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>, bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh\u201d \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf-t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>: \u201c\u2026 C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> sau khi gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft<\/span> Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00fa ngh\u0129a<\/span> t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, th\u1eadt t\u1ebf<\/span>, ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, b\u1ea5t sinh<\/span>, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, v\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>; v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u00e0m ngu<\/span> d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf<\/span> n\u1ed7i kinh ho\u00e0ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>. C\u00e1c Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, A-la-h\u00e1n, Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c<\/span> l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft<\/span> Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, v\u00f4 \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d[40].<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb thay Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span> b\u1eb1ng A-l\u1ea1i-da th\u1ee9c<\/span>, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u1ec7m – \u201capar\u0101v<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>tte ca tath\u0101gatagarbha\u015babda-sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>\u015babdite \u0101layavij\u00f1\u0101ne n\u0101sti sapt\u0101n\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> prav<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>ttivij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101n\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> nirodha<\/i>\u1e25<\/i>\u201d[41]: N\u1ebfu th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-da, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb<\/span> b\u1edfi t\u1eeb Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span>, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, th\u00ec b\u1ea3y chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c<\/span> bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span>, kinh v\u0103n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y – \u201cTath\u0101gatagarbho, Mah\u0101mate, ku\u015bal\u0101ku\u015bala- hetukah \u00efsarvajanmagatikart\u00e0 pravartate na<\/i>\u1e6d<\/i>avadgatisa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>ka<\/i>\u1e6d<\/i>a \u0101tm\u0101tm\u012byavarjitah<\/i>\u201d[42]: Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span>, n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ea1i Tu\u1ec7, l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sinh lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 k\u1ecbch s\u0129 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c<\/span> ho\u1ea1t c\u1ea3nh v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta hay s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a ta.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c kinh n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp – \u201cAn\u0101dik\u0101lavividhaprapa\u00f1cadausthulyav\u0101san\u0101v\u0101sita<\/i>\u1e25<\/i> \u0101layavij\u00f1\u0101na-sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>\u015babdito’vidy\u0101v\u0101sana-bh\u016bmijaih saptabhir vij\u00f1\u0101nai<\/i>\u1e25<\/i> saha mahodadhitara<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>gavan nityam avyucchinna\u015bar\u012bra<\/i>\u1e25<\/i> pravartate anityat\u0101do<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>arahita \u0101tmav\u0101daviniv<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>tto’ tyantaprak<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>tipari\u015buddha<\/i>\u1e25<\/i>\u201d[43], C\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c a-l\u1ea1i-da, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp<\/span> b\u1edfi t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span> x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a h\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span> k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y<\/span>, c\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn<\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c v\u1ed1n (l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i) n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00f4ng b\u1edfi t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span> v\u00f4 minh<\/span> (t\u1ee9c v\u00f4 minh tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>). C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecd\u1ea1n, (Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span>) t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh<\/span> v\u1ed1n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 kinh n\u00f3i th\u00eam – \u201c\u2026aya<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> Tath\u0101gata-garbh\u0101layavij\u00f1\u0101nagocara<\/i>\u1e25<\/i> sarva\u015br\u0101vakapratyeka buddhat\u012brthya-vitarkadar\u015ban\u0101n\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> prak<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>tipari\u015buddho’pi san a\u015buddha iv\u0101gantukle\u015bopaki<\/i>\u1e63\u1e6d<\/i>atay\u0101 te<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>\u0101m \u0101bh\u0101ti na tu Tath\u0101gat\u0101n\u0101m<\/i>\u201d[44], N\u00e0y \u0110\u1ea1i Tu\u1ec7, c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span> n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 a-l\u1ea1i-da th\u1ee9c<\/span>, t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u1ed1n thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 bi\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> v\u00e0 Thanh v\u0103n<\/span>, Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c<\/span> th\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> b\u1edfi kh\u00e1ch tr\u1ea7n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 \u1edf trong kinh L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span><\/i>, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> n\u00f3i ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y cho Th\u1eafng Man phu nh\u00e2n<\/span> – \u201cetadeva Mah\u0101mate may\u0101 \u015ar\u012bm\u0101l\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> dev\u012bm adhik<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>tya de\u015ban\u0101pa<\/i>\u1e6d<\/i>he any\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>\u015b ca s\u00f9k<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>manipu<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>avi\u015buddhabuddh\u012bn bodhisattv\u0101n adhi<\/i>\u1e63\u1e6d<\/i>h\u0101ya Tath\u0101-gatagarbha \u0101layavij\u00f1\u0101nasa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>\u015babdita<\/i>\u1e25<\/i> saptabhir vij\u00f1\u0101nai<\/i>\u1e25<\/i> saha prav<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>tty abhinivi<\/i>\u1e63\u1e6d<\/i>\u0101n\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> \u015br\u0101vak\u0101<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> dharmanair\u0101tmyapradar\u015ba-n\u0101rtha<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> \u015ar\u012bm\u0101l\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> dev\u012bm adhi<\/i>\u1e63\u1e6d<\/i>h\u0101ya Tath\u0101gatavi<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>ayo de\u015bito na \u015br\u0101vakapratyekabuddh\u0101nyat\u012brthakaratarkavi<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>ayo- ‘nyatra\u2026 Tath\u0101-gatavi<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>aya eva Tath\u0101gatagarbha \u0101layavij\u00f1\u0101navi<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>ayas tvatsad<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>\u015b\u0101n\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> ca s\u016bk<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>manipu<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>amatibuddhiprabhedak\u0101n\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> bodhi-sattv\u0101n\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> mah\u0101sattv\u0101n\u0101m arthaprati\u015bara<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>\u0101n\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> no tu yath\u0101ruta-de\u015ban\u0101pa<\/i>\u1e6d<\/i>h\u0101bhinivi<\/i>\u1e63\u1e6d<\/i>\u0101n\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> sarv\u0101nyat\u012brthya\u015br\u0101vakapratyekabuddh\u0101n\u0101m<\/i>\u201d[45], N\u00e0y \u0110\u1ea1i Tu\u1ec7, Ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng gi\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho Th\u1eafng Man Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> c\u00f3 tr\u00ed n\u0103ng<\/span> vi di\u1ec7u<\/span> tinh t\u1ebf<\/span>, r\u1eb1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span>, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c a-l\u1ea1i-da c\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> l\u00e0 n\u00eau r\u00f5 y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p cho c\u00e1c Thanh v\u0103n<\/span> c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>. Ta c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho Th\u1eafng Man Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span> gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a Thanh v\u0103n<\/span>, B\u00edch-chi-Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u01b0 bi\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c a-l\u1ea1i-da, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed n\u0103ng<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, tinh t\u1ebf<\/span>, vi di\u1ec7u<\/span> nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, Thanh v\u0103n<\/span>, B\u00edch-chi-Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t<\/span> v\u00e0o v\u0103n t\u1ef1<\/span> gi\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh sau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> v\u1ec1 Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng<\/span>: \u201cNh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> n\u00e0y tuy b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> b\u1edfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u00e1ch tr\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>. V\u00ec sao? Thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m<\/span> s\u00e1t-na kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4<\/span> b\u1edfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o\u201d [46].<\/span><\/p>\n

Sanskrit L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: k<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>a<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>ika-ku\u015bala-citta<\/i>, h\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 S\u00e1t-na thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m<\/span> \u524e \u90a3 \u5584 \u5fc3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span> t\u1eeb Kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 <\/i>nh\u01b0 sau[47] – \u2026 k<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>a<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>ika-dharma ku\u015bala aku\u015bala sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>sk<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>ta pa\u00f1cop\u0101d\u0101na-skandh\u0101 citta-mano-manovij\u00f1\u0101nav\u0101san\u0101hetuk\u0101,\u2026<\/i> – Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh s\u00e1t na<\/span> (k<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>a<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>ika-dharma<\/i>) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n<\/span> (ku\u015bala<\/i>), b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> (aku\u015bala<\/i>), h\u1eefu vi<\/span> (sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>sk<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>ta<\/i>), v\u00f4 vi<\/span> (asa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>sk<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>ta<\/i>), v.v.. n\u00f3i t\u00f3m, l\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n<\/span> (pa\u00f1cop\u0101d\u0101na-skandh\u0101<\/i>) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n do b\u1edfi<\/span> t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m-\u00fd-\u00fd th\u1ee9c (citta-mano-manovij\u00f1\u0101nav\u0101san\u0101hetuk\u0101<\/i>)\u2026 Thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c\u2026 N\u0103m th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n<\/span> (pa\u00f1cavij\u00f1\u0101na- kay\u0101<\/i>) c\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn<\/span> v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t li\u00ean<\/span> t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng<\/span> kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00e1t na<\/span> thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span> m\u00e0 trong L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, Th\u1eadt t\u1ebf<\/span>, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, V\u00f4 sinh<\/span>, V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, V\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>, l\u00e0 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ngu lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>, \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>[48].<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng<\/span> \u1ea5y t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> v\u1ed1n thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>; nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> b\u1edfi kh\u00e1ch tr\u1ea7n<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, h\u00e0ng Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba<\/span> c\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 suy lu\u1eadn<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 am-ma-l\u1eb7c trong b\u00e0n tay[49].<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> n\u00eau quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> v\u1ec1 ng\u00e3 c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i:<\/span><\/p>\n

1\/ C\u00e2u sinh<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

2\/ H\u01b0 v\u1ecdng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTatra Mah\u0101mate satk\u0101yad<\/i>\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e6d<\/i>ir dvividh\u0101 yaduta sahaj\u0101 ca parikalpit\u0101 ca<\/i>\u201d [50]: Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u00f3 hai: 1. c\u00e2u sanh, 2. h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. Ngo\u00e0i v\u0103n kinh<\/span> L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 <\/i>ra, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 th\u00eam v\u00e0o Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/i> \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p<\/span> c\u00e2u sinh<\/span><\/i>: do n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbp b\u1edfi h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng<\/span> k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/span>, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u00e2n; kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> b\u1edfi t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>, v\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2u sinh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lo\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai th\u1ee9:<\/span><\/p>\n

a. Th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c<\/span><\/i>, \u1edf t\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y; n\u00f3 l\u1ea5y th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi\u1ebfn kh\u1edfi sinh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m<\/span>, r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ng\u00e3<\/span>.\u00a0 Kh\u1edfi t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 g\u00ec[51], c\u00f3 hai gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

+ T\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

+ T\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd gi\u1ea3i th\u00eam, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y. Hay n\u00f3i<\/span> c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m<\/span>…<\/span><\/p>\n

b. C\u00f3 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span><\/i>, t\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u; n\u00f3 l\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> n\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n<\/span>, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, hay n\u00f3i<\/span> theo Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd<\/i> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; ho\u0103c l\u1ea5y t\u1eebng u\u1ea9n c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t<\/span> l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u theo Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd<\/i> t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>; r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ng\u00e3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 hai ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb, v\u00ec r\u1ea5t vi t\u1ebf<\/span>. V\u1ec1 sau, trong vi\u1ec7c tu \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, hay n\u00f3i<\/span> theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> l\u00e0 Th\u1eafng sinh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> qu\u00e1n\u00a0– rota\u0101pannasya sadasatpak<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>ad<\/i>\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e6d<\/i>idar\u015ba<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>\u0101t satk\u0101yad<\/i>\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e6d<\/i>i<\/i>\u1e25<\/i> prah\u012b<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>\u0101 bhavati<\/i> [52]: Khi Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p<\/span> sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> v\u1ec1 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 phi h\u1eefu<\/span>, th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn<\/span> (c\u00e2u sanh) m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u00a0Ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p<\/span> do ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/i>: c\u0169ng do n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i duy\u00ean<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1edbi th\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span>, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u l\u00e0 \u00fd. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai th\u1ee9:<\/span><\/p>\n

+ Duy\u00ean v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a u\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft b\u1edfi t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o<\/span> khi\u1ebfn sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m<\/span>, r\u1ed3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> suy di\u1ec5n<\/span> ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ng\u00e3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

+ Duy\u00ean v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft b\u1edfi t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o<\/span> khi\u1ebfn sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m<\/span>, r\u1ed3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> suy di\u1ec5n<\/span> ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ng\u00e3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hai lo\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p<\/span> n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb, v\u00ec th\u00f4. Khi \u1edf s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi<\/span> c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, hay g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 S\u01a1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>; ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: ch\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, \u0111\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u. Qu\u00e1n ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span> v\u1ec1 sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb – \u201cs\u0101 ca tasya pudgalanair\u0101tmyagrah\u0101bh\u0101vata\u1e25 prah\u012b\u1e47\u0101\u201d[53] ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p<\/span> n\u00e0y b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb khi (Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh Duy th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/i>, n\u00eau quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n h\u1eefu<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng do b\u1edfi<\/span> hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp<\/span> m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sinh; Sanskrit ta c\u00f3 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u0101san\u0101<\/i>, h\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span>, hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp<\/span>, t\u00e0n kh\u00ed, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n d\u01b0 t\u00e0n. Ta ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>, ho\u0103c 1\/ \u00c3v\u0101s<\/i> (v\u0101sayati<\/i>): x\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbp, x\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng. 2\/ \u00c3vas<\/i> (vasati<\/i>): \u1edf, c\u01b0 tr\u00fa. \u1ede trong kinh Th\u1eafng man<\/i> theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> ngh\u0129a sau, n\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp<\/span> m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 Ch\u1ee7ng ch\u1ee7ng<\/span> gi\u1edbi<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> trang nghi\u00eam<\/span> 1<\/i>[54] v\u1edbi t\u00ean kinh l\u00e0 \u0110a gi\u1edbi tu-\u0111a- la<\/i> (Bahudh\u0101tuka-s\u016btra<\/i>), P\u0101li t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, Bahudh\u0101tuka-sutta<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>[55], \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ghi r\u1eb1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i<\/span> r\u1eb1ng: h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>, t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/span>, c\u00f3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1ng \u00e1c-xoa, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.\u00a0 \u00c1c xoa<\/span> hay \u00c1c-xoa t\u1ee5, t\u1eeb sanskrit l\u00e0 ak<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>a<\/i>, ho\u1eb7c rudr\u0101k<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>a<\/i>, H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch: di\u00ean qu\u00e1n ch\u00e2u, kim cang t\u1eed<\/span>; t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: Eleocarpus ganitrus; theo Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd<\/i>: \u00e1c-xoa, c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 hat v\u00f4 th\u1ef1c t\u1eed \u00a0\u7121\u98df\u5b50. Khi r\u1ee5ng, ch\u00fang t\u1ef1 nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1ng. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f2n Gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span>. Theo Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> A-t\u00ec-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma<\/i>[56], d\u1eabn b\u1edfi Nhi\u1ebfp lu\u1eadn th\u00edch<\/i>[57]: v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y<\/span> th\u1eddi lai gi\u1edbi, nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u1eb3ng y. Do th\u1eed h\u1eefu ch\u01b0 th\u00fa<\/span>, c\u1eadp ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> \u7121\u59cb\u6642 \u4f86\u754c, \u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u7b49\u4f9d, \u7531\u6b64\u6709\u8af8\u8da3, \u53ca\u6d85\u69c3\u8b49\u5f97. \u1ede Th\u00e0nh Duy th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/i> ta c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u201cGi\u1edbi, t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/span>, l\u00e0 s\u1edf y<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n. Du-gi\u00e0<\/i> c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: \u201cTh\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span>, t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/span>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9t tuy\u1ec7t; t\u00ednh tuy t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng do s\u1ef1 hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp<\/span> sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span> b\u1edfi nghi\u1ebfp t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh<\/span> m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sinh. Do quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span>, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1edbi.\u201d[58] N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng<\/span> t\u1eed, t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/span>, tuy l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n h\u1eefu<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng do c\u00e1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m hay t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>, t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/span>, n\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1p b\u00e1t-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1p b\u00e1t-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, khuy\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a ba lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 \u1edf Du-gi\u00e0<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5[59].<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n lai<\/span> c\u00f3 n\u0103m ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span> ph\u00e1p nh\u0129<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sinh do b\u1edfi<\/span> hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp<\/span>. T\u1ea1i sao\u00a0? Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 2<\/i>[60] n\u00f3i r\u00f5, v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u0103m th\u1eeba \u2013 \u201cpunar mah\u0101mate pa\u00f1c\u0101bhisamayagotr\u0101<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>i. katam\u0101ni pa\u00f1ca? yad uta \u015br\u0101vakay\u0101n\u0101bhi-samayagotra<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>, pratyekabuddhay\u0101na-, tath\u0101gatay\u0101na-, aniyataikataragotra<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>, agotra<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>\u201d: \u00a0N\u00e0y \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7<\/span>, c\u00f3 n\u0103m ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0, ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh<\/span> hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> Thanh v\u0103n th\u1eeba<\/span>, ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh<\/span> hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c th\u1eeba<\/span>, ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh<\/span> hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> Nh\u01b0 lai th\u1eeba<\/span>, ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh<\/span> b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a kinh L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span><\/i> ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u1edf V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng y kinh<\/span> 1<\/i>[61], hay Thi\u1ec7n d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh<\/span> b\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 1<\/i> t\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3-ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a kinh<\/i>, quy\u1ec3n 593, h\u1ed9i th\u1ee9 16[62]<\/span><\/p>\n

Du-gi\u00e0<\/i> c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5[63]\u00a0: \u201cSinh n\u1ea1i-l\u1ea1c-ca, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> bao nhi\u00eau c\u0103n? … Ba c\u0103n (v\u00f4 l\u1eadu<\/span>), \u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>; \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span> th\u00ec th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span> th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> ba v\u00f4 l\u1eadu c\u0103n<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span> ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ta l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> d\u1eabn d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng \u1edf Du-gi\u00e0 35<\/i>[64]: C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh<\/span>, ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh<\/span> b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh<\/span> tr\u1ee5 (prak<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>tistha-gotra<\/i>), v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh<\/span> t\u1eadp s\u1edf th\u00e0nh (samud\u0101n\u012bta-gotra<\/i>)… B\u1ea3n t\u00ednh<\/span> tr\u1ee5, s\u00e1u x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>, v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y<\/span> l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/span>, s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc b\u1edfi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> (dharmat\u0101<\/i>: ph\u00e1p nh\u0129<\/span>). T\u1eadp s\u1edf th\u00e0nh, thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> do t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd<\/span> ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh<\/span> b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh<\/span> tr\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>, t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y<\/span> l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> ti\u1ebfp truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span> th\u00eam thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea3n h\u1eefu<\/span> <\/i>li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> v\u1edbi kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0, <\/i>ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span> v\u00f4 l\u1eadu<\/span> v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u0129<\/span> b\u1ea3n h\u1eefu<\/span>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng do hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp<\/span> m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh. Ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span> h\u1eefu l\u1eadu<\/span> t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> (ph\u00e1p nh\u0129<\/span> h\u1eefu), do hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp<\/span> m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp<\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1p lo\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n, \u1edf trong Th\u00e0nh duy th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/i> c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd<\/span>, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh Duy th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/i> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>: B\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2u t\u00f3m th\u00e0nh ba, t\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>. Ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u00e0nh hai, v\u00ec c\u1ea3 ba ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> n\u0103ng duy\u00ean<\/span> n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n<\/span>. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i ki\u1ebfn, t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u0103ng duy\u00ean<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp: Ho\u0103c c\u00f3 khi b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t, v\u00ec th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t;<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y, L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> \u2013 \u201cvikalpav\u0101san\u0101baddha<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> vicitram cittasambhavam\/ bahirdh\u0101 j\u0101yate n<\/i>\u1e5b\u1e47<\/i>\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> cittam\u0101tram hi laukikam<\/i>\/\u201d[65]\u00a0: b\u1ecb d\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t<\/span> b\u1edfi t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span> ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, t\u00e2m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111a th\u00f9; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t sinh<\/span> b\u00ean ngoai, nh\u01b0ng qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m. H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch, Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-l\u01b0u-chi, quy\u1ec3n 10[66] t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u5206\u5225\u4f9d\u718f\u7fd2 \u7a2e\u7a2e\u751f\u7a2e\u7a2e \u773e\u751f\u5fc3\u898b \u5916 \u6545 \u6211\u8aaa\u60df\u5fc3. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 do t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m<\/span> ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>, t\u00e2m chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn<\/span> th\u00e0nh \u1ea3nh t\u1ee3 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/span>. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y kia kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i duy t\u00e2m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span>, r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn. T\u1eeb nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u1ed3m lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span>. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 li\u1ec5u bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. M\u00e0 li\u1ec5u bi\u1ec7t<\/span> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ta th\u1ea5y trong L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span> \u0101laya<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng khy\u0101tivij\u00f1\u0101na<\/i>[67] m\u00e0 h\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7n, v\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec3n<\/span> hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb th\u1ee9 hai ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> l\u00e0 vastuprativikalpa-vij\u00f1\u0101na<\/i>[68] h\u00e1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c, t\u1ee9c th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> s\u1ef1, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn b\u1edfi V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f9y theo<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> m\u00e0 l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span> kh\u00e1c ta th\u1ea5y \u0101laya<\/i> c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 citta<\/i> m\u00e0 \u1edf trong Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd<\/i> ghi: Ph\u1ea1n n\u00f3i ch\u1ea5t-\u0111a \u8cea\u591a. Hi\u1ec3u theo ng\u1eef nguy\u00ean Sanskrit, \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n \u00c3ci:<\/i> t\u00edch lu\u1ef9. Nhi\u1ebfp lu\u1eadn b\u1ea3n 1<\/i> c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>[69]\u00a0: n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m (citta<\/i>), v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 (\u0101cita<\/i>) ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng<\/span> lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. C\u0169ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ea1n th\u00f9 sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span> cho n\u00ean ta g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m (citta<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0100laya<\/i> c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u0101d\u0101na <\/i>(A-\u0111\u00e0-na) hay vij\u00f1ey\u0101\u015braya<\/i> (s\u1edf-tri-y) \u1edf trong Ngh\u0129a \u0111\u0103ng<\/i> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau[70].<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m n\u00e0y v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ngo\u00e0i s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9c con m\u1eaft v.v..? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi do Lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7<\/span> Th\u00e0nh duy th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/i> t\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n, r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1p: Do y ch\u1ec9<\/span> \u0101gama-pram\u0101<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>a<\/i> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ec9 Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, hay n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n<\/span>. Kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y \u2013\u201ctara<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>g\u0101 hy udadher yadvat pavanapratyayerit\u0101<\/i>\u1e25<\/i>\/ n<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>tyam\u0101n\u0101<\/i>\u1e25<\/i> pravartante vyuccheda\u015b ca vidyate\/\/99\/ \u0101layaughas tath\u0101 nitya<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> vi<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>ayapavanerita<\/i>\u1e25<\/i>\/ citrais tara<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>gavij\u00f1\u0101nair n<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>tyam\u0101na<\/i>\u1e25<\/i> pravartate\/\/ 100\/<\/i>\u201d [71]: Nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> b\u1ecb k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi gi\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. D\u00f2ng l\u0169 a-l\u1ea1i-da c\u0169ng v\u1eady, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span> b\u1ecb k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi gi\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/span>, c\u00e1c con s\u00f3ng th\u1ee9c mu\u00f4n v\u1ebb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa [72].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p qua c\u00e1c t\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i>: Nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n g\u1eb7p \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> gi\u00f3 d\u1ea5y l\u00ean v\u00f4 v\u00e0n s\u00f3ng, hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n<\/span> t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span>. T\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ecb k\u00edch b\u1edfi gi\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh, h\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5y c\u00e1c s\u00f3ng th\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n<\/span> t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 con m\u1eaft v.v.. kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1edfi<\/span> c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 s\u00f3ng tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, do \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ta c\u00f3 b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> trong kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> nh\u01b0 sau\u00a0– \u201ccittam \u0101layavij\u00f1\u0101na<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> mano yan manyan\u0101tmakam\/ g<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>h<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>\u0101ti vi<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>ay\u0101n yena vij\u00f1\u0101na<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> hi tad ucyate\/\/\u201d<\/i> [73]: T\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m; T\u00ednh t\u01b0<\/span> l\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 \u00fd; Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edbng, Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c a-l\u1ea1i-da b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> th\u1ed5i, n\u00f3 y ch\u1ec9<\/span> kh\u1eafp tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u0103n, h\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd <\/i>n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i>. C\u00e1c t\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1eadp th\u00e0nh bi\u00ean<\/i>[74] d\u1eabn L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 9<\/i>[75] ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 minh v\u0103n d\u1eabn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng[76].<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong kho t\u00e0ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c kinh \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch s\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 th\u00fa<\/span>, quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> m\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n di\u1ec7t<\/span>, t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng, ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/span> c\u00e1c Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0<\/span> u\u1ea9n v.v.. b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> th\u1eafng t\u00ednh c\u00e1c th\u1ee9. V\u1eady S\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 th\u00fa<\/span> \u6578\u53d6\u8da3\u00a0 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span> pudgala<\/i> (b\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la), t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng hay nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch; ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>, v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 c\u0169ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m h\u1eefu l\u1eadu<\/span> v.v\u2026 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00fd, Kinh n\u00f3i: \u201cTrong gia h\u00e0nh v\u1ecb<\/span>, kh\u1edfi hai kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n<\/span> v\u1ec1 sinh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mang \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng th\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00fd, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d[77]; v\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng<\/span> – \u201cyaduta \u0101layavij\u00f1\u0101nasya abh\u016btaparikalpa-v\u0101san\u0101vaicitryanirodha<\/i>\u1e25<\/i>\u2026<\/i>\u201d[78] Khi t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a a-l\u1ea1i-da th\u1ee9c<\/span> di\u1ec7t[79]\u2026 Kinh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span> kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m l\u00e0 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ai h\u00e2m m\u1ed9<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00e1c kinh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/span> ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>, v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao h\u00e0m \u0101gama-pram\u0101<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>a<\/i>: Ch\u00ed gi\u00e1o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u81f3\u6559\u91cf, hay Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span>, hay th\u1ea9m quy\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>, c\u00f3 t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span> hay Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span> n\u00f3i\u00a0 – \u201c\u0101l\u0101ya<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> hi sam\u0101\u015britya mano vai sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>pravartate\/ citta<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> mana\u015b ca sa<\/span><\/i>\u1e43<\/i>\u015britya vij\u00f1\u0101na<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>pravartate<\/i>\u201d[80]:\u00a0 M\u1ea1t-na y ch\u1ec9<\/span> a-l\u1ea1i-da m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>. Th\u1ee9c y ch\u1ec9<\/span> t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u00fd m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 y b\u0129 chuy\u1ec3n \u4f9d\u5f7c\u8f49, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Y tr\u00ean (th\u1ee9c) kia m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n, nguy\u00ean v\u0103n ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0-\u201ctad \u0101\u015britya pravartate. Sthiramati (Bh\u0101<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>ya): \u00ab\u00a0tad-v\u0101san\u0101\u015brayo hy \u0101layavij\u00f1\u0101nam atas tad \u0101\u015britya pravartate sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>t\u0101nenotpadyata ity artha<\/i>\u1e25<\/i>\u201d [81], s\u1edf y<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c a-l\u1ea1i-da; do y ch\u1ec9<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span>. \u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n v\u1eeba d\u1eabn n\u00eau r\u00f5 s\u1edf y<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, Th\u1ee9c kia, t\u1ee9c th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn<\/span> th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. Du-gi\u00e0 lu\u1eadn<\/i> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cDo c\u00f3 a-l\u1ea1i-da m\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ea1t-na\u201d [82], n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111i th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y y ch\u1ec9<\/span> n\u01a1i T\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nan-\u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0 Th\u1eafng T\u1eed d\u1eabn b\u1edfi Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd<\/i> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00fd n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c (th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m) kia, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, hay ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c \u73fe\u8b58<\/span>, t\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh<\/span> th\u1ee9c; ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c<\/span> (khy\u0101ti-vij\u00f1\u0101<\/i>). L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> \u2013 \u201cdvividha\u1e43 mah\u0101mate vij\u00f1\u0101na\u1e43 sa\u1e43k\u1e63epe\u1e47a a\u1e63\u1e6dalak\u1e63a\u1e47okta\u1e43 khy\u0101tivij\u00f1\u0101na\u1e43 vastuprativikalpavij\u00f1\u0101na\u1e43 ca\u201d[83]\u00a0: th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i c\u00f3 t\u00e1m t\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c<\/span>;\u00a0l\u00e0m s\u1edf y<\/span>; V\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span>, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh<\/span> l\u00e0m s\u1edf y<\/span> c\u00e2u h\u1eefu<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ta t\u1ea1m k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u00fd n\u00e0y, M\u1ea1t-na l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span> v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c kia l\u00e0m s\u1edf y<\/span>. Tuy n\u00f3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c<\/span>. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u00e0m c\u00e2u h\u1eefu y<\/span> m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo<\/span> Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/i> lu\u1eadn: H\u1ed1i, mi\u00ean duy th\u00f4ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 tu s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span>, v\u00ec hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u00e1c th\u1ee9. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd<\/i> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> th\u00eam: Th\u00eam t\u1eeb \u201cduy\u201d, v\u00ec trong Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba<\/span> ch\u00fang duy thu\u1ed9c tu s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span>; c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i ch\u00fang th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span> v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do t\u00e0 ki\u1ec1n m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi. L\u1ea1i v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn sinh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1edfi v\u00f4 l\u1eadu \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> h\u1ed1i, mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span> (phi s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span>). V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>: kh\u1ed5 c\u0103n<\/span> v\u1eabn c\u00f3<\/span> n\u01a1i th\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc<\/span>; gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ed5 c\u0103n<\/span> thu\u1ed9c phi s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span>, t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ed1i, mi\u00ean l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i th\u00e2n v\u1ecb h\u1eefu<\/span> h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1edfi h\u1eadu \u0111\u1eafc tr\u00ed<\/span> trong v\u00f4 l\u1eadu \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. H\u1ed1i, mi\u00ean th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 \u01b0u, do thi\u1ebft tha mong c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. Do thi\u1ebft tha c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> m\u00e0 sinh \u01b0u.<\/span><\/p>\n

Du-gi\u00e0 57<\/i>[84]: \u201cNh\u01b0 Kinh n\u00f3i, h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> hy c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> m\u00e0 sinh lo bu\u1ed3n (\u01b0u th\u00edch). H\u1ef7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> suy ngh\u0129<\/span>, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang Th\u00e1nh<\/span> th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa<\/span>. C\u1ea7u th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> suy ngh\u0129<\/span>, ta s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa<\/span> n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3. Bu\u1ed3n (th\u00edch) l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Bu\u1ed3n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span> t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t<\/span>. \u00a0Lo (\u01b0u) th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Tr\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>.\u201d . \u01afu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1ed1 t\u00e1c<\/span>, cho n\u00ean, \u01b0u c\u0103n thu\u1ed9c phi s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span>, \u1ed1 t\u00e1c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ed1i th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 phi s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span>, cho n\u00ean th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean<\/span> n\u01a1i b\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc<\/span> thu\u1ed9c phi s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span>, kinh n\u00f3i: \u201cPhi s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu<\/span> h\u1ecdc xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p n\u01a1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c<\/span> (th\u00e2n) c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc<\/span>; trong \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf<\/span>, t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> \u1edf trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 phi s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span> (kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb, aprah\u0101tavya, apraheya<\/i>). C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gian<\/span> do \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb r\u1ed3i n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 phi s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span>.\u201d[85]<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 tuy kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ch\u00e2n v\u00f4 l\u1eadu \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, T\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> v\u1edbi v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 trong gia h\u00e0nh v\u1ecb<\/span>, do t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 d\u1eabn kh\u1edfi ch\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn sinh b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3, trong h\u1eadu \u0111\u1eafc tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn kh\u1edfi t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9, cho n\u00ean th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn, tu v\u00e0 phi s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn Kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i>, c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn<\/span> n\u00f3i t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9 l\u00e0 phi s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span>, trong n\u0103m ph\u00e1p – \u201cpa\u00f1ca dharm\u0101\u1e25, nimitta\u1e43, n\u0101ma, vikalpas tathat\u0101, samyagj\u00f1\u0101na\u1e43\u201d[86]\u00a0: danh, t\u01b0\u1edbng, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, ch\u00ednh tr\u00ed<\/span>, nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0[87]; ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. V\u00ec Du-gi\u00e0<\/i> n\u00f3i ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>: \u201cC\u00e1c t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9 t\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9\u2026\u201d[88]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dd ki\u1ebfn<\/span> kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i, c\u1ea3 hai c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh tr\u00ed<\/span>, v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh t\u01b0 duy<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu<\/span>: \u201cCh\u00ednh t\u01b0 d\u00fay, y ch\u00ednh<\/span> ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u00f3i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy<\/span> ly d\u1ee5c<\/span>, t\u01b0 duy<\/span> ly s\u00e2n, t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i<\/span> (c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ba thi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m). \u1edf trong tu \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span> m\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf, c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span> v\u00f4 l\u1eadu<\/span>, khi\u00ean t\u00e2m th\u00fa<\/span> nh\u1eadp, c\u1ef1c th\u00fa nh\u1eadp, t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u, c\u1ef1c t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u\u2026\u201d[89], theo \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh t\u01b0 duy<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m. V\u00ec ch\u00fang khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00e2m t\u1ea7m<\/span> c\u1ea7u. V\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft<\/span>. \u1ede \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> ch\u01b0a c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span>, ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c, trong tr\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1eafc, khi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nghe, t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng<\/span>. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, hai th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu<\/span>. Tuy n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> n\u00f3i ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 ba, v\u00ec trong h\u1eadu \u0111\u1eafc ch\u00ednh tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, chu\u1ea9n theo tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0 l\u00fd m\u00e0 suy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span> L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> k\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ba t\u00ednh<\/span>: v\u1ecdng k\u1ebf t\u00ednh, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi t\u00ednh<\/span> v\u00e0 vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u00ednh[90]; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> kh\u00e1c N\u00f3i y tha kh\u1edfi t\u00ednh<\/span> ch\u1ec9 bao h\u00e0m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. Bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p<\/span> bao h\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 danh. Ch\u00ednh tr\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao h\u00e0m trong vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh<\/span> th\u1eadt[91]<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng<\/span> t\u1eed l\u00e0 t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edbng, danh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, ta nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i n\u0103m ph\u00e1p (pa\u00f1cadharm\u0101<\/i>\u1e25<\/i>) c\u1ee7a L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0: t\u01b0\u1edbng (nimitta<\/i>), danh (n\u0101ma<\/i>), ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> (vikalpa<\/i>), nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh (tath\u0101t\u0101<\/i>), ch\u00ednh tr\u00ed<\/span> (samyagj\u00f1\u0101na<\/i>). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span> hai ph\u00e1p sau l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a a-l\u1ea1i-da th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Th\u00e2n c\u00f3 c\u0103n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u0103n thu\u1ed9c s\u1eafc v\u00e0 y x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u0103n. C\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd<\/span> b\u1edfi th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, v\u00ec c\u00f9ng chung<\/span> an, nguy. Ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7<\/span> Th\u00e0nh Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/i> \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>: T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, s\u1edf y<\/span>, s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span>, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau. Ho\u1eb7c khi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y di\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t. H\u00ecnh th\u00e1i n\u0103ng<\/span> hu\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1edf hu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00e0 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t. Kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> n\u00f3i, t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span>: \u201cudhadhe\u015b ca tara<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>g\u0101<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> yath\u0101 n\u0101sti vi\u015be<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>a<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>am\/ vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101n\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> tath\u0101 citte pari<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>\u0101mo na labhyate<\/i>\/\u201d [92]: c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n; c\u0169ng v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c trong t\u00e2m[93].V\u00ec n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ch\u00fang d\u1ecb<\/span> bi\u1ec7t, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>. V\u00e0 v\u00ec, nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n<\/span> s\u1ef1 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 y tr\u00ean l\u00fd th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a<\/span>. C\u00f3 ba th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>: (sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>v<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>ti<\/i>, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> theo quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>): loka-sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>v<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>ti<\/i>,\u00a0 yukti-sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>v<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>ti, pr\u0101pti-sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>v<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>ti<\/i>:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Th\u1ebf gian<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n, r\u1eebng c\u00e2y.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00fd<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9, gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u<\/span> v.v..<\/span><\/p>\n

Ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 t\u01b0: th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> (param\u0101rtha-sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>v<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>ti<\/i>). \u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00fd<\/span> th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a<\/span> th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec, trong ch\u00e2n th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a<\/span>, t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ee9t tuy\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 k\u1ec7 L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> n\u00f3i – \u201ccitta<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> mana\u015bca vij\u00f1\u0101na<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> lak<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>a<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>\u0101rtha<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> prakalpyate\/ abhinnalak<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>a<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>\u0101ny a<\/i>\u1e63\u1e6d<\/i>au na ca lak<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>ya<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> na lak<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>a<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>am\/\/<\/i>\u201d[94]: t\u00e2m, \u00fd, th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb<\/span>; nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 t\u00e1m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1i bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb<\/span> kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t\u201d. L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> H\u00e1n ng\u1eef ta c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sau: \u5fc3\u610f\u8b58\u516b\u7a2e \u4fd7\u6545\u76f8\u6709\u5225 \u771f\u6545\u76f8\u7121\u5225 \u76f8\u6240\u76f8\u7121\u6545; so s\u00e1nh<\/span> Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 9[95]: t\u00e2m \u00fd c\u1eadp \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> ngh\u0129a, b\u00e1t v\u00f4 sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edbng, phi n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn \u5fc3\u610f \u53ca\u610f\u8b58 \u5206\u5225\u5916\u76f8\u7fa9 \u516b\u7121\u5dee\u5225\u76f8 \u975e\u80fd\u898b\u53ef\u898b. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> theo Th\u00e0nh duy th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/i> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 T\u00e2m, \u00fd, th\u1ee9c, t\u00e1m th\u1ee9, t\u1ee5c n\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, ch\u00e2n n\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 bi\u1ec7t. T\u01b0\u1edbng, s\u1edf t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cMama tu mah\u0101mate na nity\u0101 n\u0101nity\u0101\u2026b\u0101hyabh\u0101v\u0101nabhyupagam\u0101t tribhavacittam\u0101tropade\u015b\u0101t\u2026<\/i>,\u201d[96] Ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng hay<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026 v\u00ec h\u1eefu th\u1ec3<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span>, v\u00ec ba h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb duy ch\u1ec9 t\u00e2m.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd tam gi\u1edbi duy t\u00e2m<\/span> <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trong kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> kh\u00e1c. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c \u1edf Dasabh\u016bmika<\/i>: \u201cte cittam\u0101tra ti traidh\u0101tukam otaranti, api c\u0101 bhav\u0101<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>ga iti dv\u0101da\u015ba ekacitte\/<\/i>\u201d[97]:\u00a0 H\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> ba c\u00f5i<\/span> v\u1ed1n duy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai h\u1eefu chi c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m. Ta d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba kinh<\/span><\/i> c\u0169ng n\u00f3i[98]:\u4e86\u9054\u4e09\u754c\u552f\u662f\u5fc3\u5341\u4e8c\u6709\u652f\u4f9d\u5fc3\u6709 li\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> tam gi\u1edbi<\/span> duy th\u1ecb t\u00e2m th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb<\/span> h\u1eefu chi y t\u00e2m h\u1eefu. \u0110o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp[99]: \u662f\u83e9\u85a9\u4f5c\u662f\u5ff5\u4e09\u754c\u865b\u5984\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u5fc3\u4f5c th\u1ecb b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> t\u00e1c th\u1ecb ni\u1ec7m tam gi\u1edbi<\/span> h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng<\/span> \u0111\u00e3n th\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m<\/span> t\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam<\/span><\/i>, b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y, d\u1ea1y r\u00f5: \u201c\u4e09\u754c\u865b\u5984. \u4f46\u662f\u5fc3\u4f5c[100] tam gi\u1edbi<\/span> h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3n th\u1ecb t\u00e2m t\u00e1c; \u1ede b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: \u4e09\u754c\u6240\u6709\u3002\u552f\u662f\u4e00\u5fc3[101] Tam gi\u1edbi<\/span> s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> duy th\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u00e2m m\u1eadt<\/span> <\/i>3: \u6211\u8aaa\u8b58\u6240\u7de3\u552f\u8b58\u6240\u73fe\u6545[102] ng\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9c s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span> duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> s\u1edf hi\u1ec7n c\u1ed1<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 S\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c duy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n<\/span> b\u1edfi th\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i b\u1edfi Nhi\u1ebfp lu\u1eadn (V\u00f4 T\u00ednh<\/span>) 4[103].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y Th\u00e0nh Duy th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca t\u00e2m\u201d, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y theo Khuy C\u01a1<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn b\u1edfi L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 minh v\u0103n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i trong kinh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ta d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng trong lu\u1eadn Trang nghi\u00eam kinh<\/span><\/i>: \u80fd\u53d6\u53ca\u6240\u53d6 \u6b64\u4e8c\u552f\u5fc3\u5149\u8caa\u5149\u53ca\u4fe1\u5149 \u4e8c\u5149\u7121\u4e8c\u6cd5[104]: Cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ee3 th\u00e0nh hai; c\u0169ng v\u1eady, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ee3 tham, v.v.. h\u1ecd\u0103c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ecd t\u00edn v.v..; ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau. L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng – \u201ccittam davayaprabh\u0101sam r\u0101g\u0101dy\u0101sam isyate tadvat\/ \u015braddh\u0101dy\u0101bh\u0101sam na tadanyo dharmah listaku\u015balo\u2019sti\/\/\u201d<\/i>[105]<\/b><\/i>: t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh t\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai (n\u0103ng th\u1ee7<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u1ee7<\/span>), nh\u01b0 \u1ea3nh t\u1ee3 tham c\u00e1c th\u1ee9, \u1ea3nh t\u1ee3 t\u00edn c\u00e1c th\u1ee9, ngo\u00e0i n\u00f3 ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e3o l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m hay thi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn s\u01b0<\/span> Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7t nghi \u0111\u1ec1: N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u1ecb sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, v\u00ec sao Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00f3i t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span>, v\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> tha t\u00ednh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> t\u00ednh? L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u00a0\u201cSinh, c\u00f9ng t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span>. Ch\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng\u201d.\u201d[106] Ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y trong T\u1ea1p t\u1eadp<\/i> nh\u01b0 sau[107]: Sau ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span>; trong \u0111\u00f3, \u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span>: t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh<\/span> h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span>)\u2026 T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> v\u1edb tha t\u00ednh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c (c\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>)\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span><\/i> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>: \u201cT\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span> ph\u00e1p c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau, nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u00e0nh nhi\u00e8u h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau\u201d[108]. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 T\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span> c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span> v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m. Hay n\u00f3i<\/span> theo Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd<\/i> c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u1ecb sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> (gotra<\/i>) \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span> (b\u012bja<\/i>), l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi (dh\u0101tu<\/i>), l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh (prak<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>ti<\/i>).\u201d\u00a0 Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> g\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng<\/span> ti\u1ec1m th\u1ebf, khi \u0111\u1ee7 duy\u00ean th\u00ec ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 <\/i>(v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 2<\/i>)[109] \u2013 \u201cpa\u00f1ca abhisamayagotr\u0101<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>i … \u015br\u0101vakay\u0101n\u0101bhisamayagotra<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>, pratyekabuddha-, tath\u0101gata, anitya-taikataragotra<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> agotram<\/i>[110]<\/b><\/i> , Ph\u1eadt y tr\u00ean n\u0103m h\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> n\u0103m th\u1eeba[111]: ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> Thanh v\u0103n th\u1eeba<\/span>, B\u00edch-chi-ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba, Nh\u01b0 lai th\u1eeba<\/span>, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> th\u1eeba, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh<\/span>. H\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng th\u1eeba n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 t\u00f9y theo<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>; g\u1eb7p nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> v\u1edbi th\u1eeba n\u00e0o th\u00ec ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span> trong th\u1eeba \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span>, m\u00e0 kinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t-xi\u1ec3n-\u0111\u1ec1, l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i>: Nh\u1ea5t-xi\u1ec3n-\u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n t\u00e1nh. H\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00edn t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. [112] Nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00e1nh:<\/span><\/p>\n

+ Nh\u00e1nh \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n<\/span> do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 thi\u1ec7n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

+ Nh\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 hai, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t do \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> n\u00ean v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n[113].<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 trong kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc nguy\u00ean v\u0103n c\u1ee7a kinh \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span> h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n


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[1] Saddharmala<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101vat\u0101ras\u016btram<\/i> <\/i>(d\u1eabn: La<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>k\u0101<\/i>), tr. 10.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[2] L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 a-b\u1ea1t-\u0111\u00e0-la b\u1ea3o<\/i> kinh<\/i> (4 quy\u1ec3n), \u0110\u1ea1i 16, tr. 480a.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[3] Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 kinh<\/span><\/i> (10 quy\u1ec3n), \u0110\u1ea1i 16, tr. 519a8. Cf. \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 kinh<\/span><\/i> (7 quy\u1ec3n), Th\u1eadt-xoa-nan-\u0111\u00e0 d\u1ecbch, \u0110\u1ea1i 16, tr. 590b29.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[4] S\u016btr\u0101lank\u0101<\/i>, tr. 17423.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[5] Cf. Trang nghi\u00eam kinh<\/span><\/i>, tr. 659b9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[7] \u0110\u1ea1i 16, tr. 618b 26.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[9] Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> (\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng) 3, tr. 602b26; Cf. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00e2m m\u1eadt<\/span><\/i> 4, tr. 708b6.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[10] Cf. La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>ka<\/i>, tr. 41.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[11] L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> 5<\/i>, \u0110\u1ea1i 16, tr. 621c. Cf. La\u1e45k\u0101, tr. 96.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[12] Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> 7<\/i>, T16n0671, tr.0554c14. Cf. T16n0672, tr.0618b17.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[13] \u015a\u016btr\u0101la<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101ra<\/i>, xvii. k. 19.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[15] L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i>, \u0110\u1ea1i 16, tr. 597a15.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[16] Cf. Th\u1eafng Man<\/i>, C\u1ea7u-na-b\u1ea1t-\u0111\u00e0-la, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh 11, No.310. B\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7t, Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[17] Cf. L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> (\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng) 4, tr. 607b23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[18] La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101 iii<\/i>, N. 136. Cf. L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i>, quy\u1ec3n 4, \u0110\u1ea1i 16, tr. 607b22.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[19] Cf. La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101<\/i>, tr. 56.5.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[21] Cf. L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> (b\u1ea3n 4 quy\u1ec3n), \u0110\u1ea1i 16, tr. 497c17; Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 kinh<\/span><\/i>, \u0110\u1ea1i 16, tr. 540b16.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[22] Studies in the Lankavatara Sutra<\/i>, London, 1930.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[23] Cf. La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101<\/i>, tr. 87.3.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[24] L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i>, \u0110\u1ea1i 16, tr. 618c15.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[26] Th\u1eafng Man<\/i>, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh, tr. 219c.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[27] L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> (Ng\u1ee5y) 2, tr. 252c18.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[28] L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i>, (\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng) 2. tr. 596c9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[30] Th\u00e0nh duy th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/i> 8, \u0110\u1ea1i 31, tr. 45a 23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[33] L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 5<\/i>, \u0110\u1ea1i 16, tr. 619c5.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[35] Tham chi\u1ebfu<\/span> L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> 5, \u0110\u1ea1i 16, tr. 619ab.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[36] Cf. Th\u1eafng Man<\/i>, C\u1ea7u-na-b\u1ea1t-\u0111\u00e0-la, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh 11, No.310. B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t, Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[38] Cf. L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> 5, \u0110\u1ea1i 16, tr. 619c1.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[39] La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101<\/i>, tr. 33.10. Cf. L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 11<\/i>, \u0110\u1ea1i 16, tr. 599b9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[40] Ibid, La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101<\/i>, tr. 33.10.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[41] La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101<\/i>, tr. 90.18. Cf. \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 5<\/i>, \u0110\u1ea1i 16, tr. 619c13.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[46] Cf. Th\u1eafng Man<\/i>, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XIII. T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/i>, C\u1ea7u-na-b\u1ea1t-\u0111\u00e0-la, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh 11, No.310. B\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7t, Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[47] Cf. La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101<\/i>, tr. 95 v\u00e0 L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> 5<\/i>, \u0110\u1ea1i 16, tr. 621bc.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[48] La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101vat\u0101ra<\/i>, 78 (Nanjio.).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[49] L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 5<\/i>, \u0110\u1ea1i 16, tr. 619c. Cf. La\u1e45k\u0101, tr. 90.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[50] Cf. La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101<\/i>, tr. 118. Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> 4, b\u1ea3n 10 quy\u1ec3n, T16n671, tr.537a17.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[51] Xu y\u1ebfu<\/span><\/i>, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh, tr. 621c19.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[54] T31n1604, tr. 594b9. Cf. Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd<\/i>, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1eeb kinh V\u00f4 t\u1eadn \u00fd<\/span><\/i>, t\u1ee9c \u201cPh\u1ea9m 12. V\u00f4 T\u1eadn \u00dd<\/span> B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t<\/i>,\u201d \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1eadp kinh<\/span> 27-30<\/i>, T12n397; bi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch, A-sai-m\u1ea1t B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t<\/i> (Ak<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>ayamati-Bodhisattva<\/i>) kinh, T12n430. Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd<\/i> c\u0169ng n\u00f3i, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1eabn c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn b\u1edfi T\u00ec-b\u00e0-sa<\/i>. Cf. Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n<\/span> 10<\/i> (T26n1537, tr. 501b24), ph\u1ea9m \u0110a gi\u1edbi<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[56] \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[57] T31n1597, tr. 324a18.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[58] Cf. Du-gi\u00e0<\/i> 3, T30n1579, tr. 284b19.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[60] T16n671, tr. 526c8. Cf. Skt. La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101 <\/i>p. 63.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[61] D\u1eabn theo Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd<\/i>, ghi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i16, s\u1ed1 669, ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> s\u1ed1 trang.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[62] T7n220, tr. 1066a29; Skt. Suvikr\u0101ntavikr\u0101maparip<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>cch\u0101<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[63] Du-gi\u00e0<\/i> 57, tr. 615a27.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[64] T30n1579, tr. 478c12.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[65] Cf. La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101<\/i>, 10 (Sag\u0101thakam<\/i>). 486.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[66] T16n671, tr. 576c29.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[69] Nhi\u1ebfp b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn 1<\/i>, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh, tr. 134a9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[70] Ngh\u0129a \u0111\u0103ng 4<\/i> (tr. 729b25): C\u00f3 18 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi. Tung n\u00f3i: \u7121\u6c92 ,\u672c, \u5b85, \u85cf \/ \u7a2e, \u7121\u57a2, \u6301, \u7de3\/ \u986f, \u73fe, \u8f49,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5fc3, \u4f9d \/ \u7570, \u8b58, \u6839, \u751f,\u6709: 1. V\u00f4 m\u1ed9t<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ecm, kh\u00f4ng tan bi\u1ebfn. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd do Skt. \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 alaya<\/i> (g\u1ed1c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb l\u012b: layati<\/i>, ch\u00ecm m\u1ea5t, bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t), thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0101laya<\/i>. D\u1eabn lu\u1eadn V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>: v\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng<\/span> t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ecm \u1ea9n m\u1ea5t n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 m\u1ed9t<\/span>. 2. B\u1ea3n, hay c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9c<\/span>, Skt. m\u016bla-vij\u00f1\u0101na<\/i>. 3. Tr\u1ea1ch, c\u00e1i nh\u00e0, m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u0101laya<\/i>. 4. T\u00e0ng, ngh\u0129a ph\u1ed5 bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u0101laya<\/i>. 5. Ch\u1ee7ng, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed th\u1ee9c<\/span>. 6. V\u00f4 c\u1ea5u<\/span>, xem gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadn. 7. Tr\u00ec, hay ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ec th\u1ee9c<\/span>, ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb a-\u0111\u00e0-na th\u1ee9c (\u0101d\u0101na-vij\u00f1\u0101na<\/i>). 8. Duy\u00ean, Skt.pratyaya<\/i>. Bi\u1ec7n trung bi\u00ean<\/i> (Madhy\u0101nt<\/i>a, k. 10) A-l\u1ea1i-da l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> cho c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> (\u0101layavijj\u00f1\u0101nam anye<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> vij\u00f1\u0101n\u0101n\u0101<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> praty\u00e2ytv\u0101t pratyaya-vij\u00f1\u0101nam<\/i>). 9. Hi\u1ec3n, d\u1eabn lu\u1eadn V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u01a1ng: v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0m hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9<\/span> n\u0103m c\u0103n, b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> (Skt. vij\u00f1apti-vij\u00f1\u0101na<\/i>?). 10. Hi\u1ec7n, c\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec3n<\/span> hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3; Skt. Khy\u0101tivij\u00f1\u0101na<\/i> (La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101<\/i>, N. 37). 11. Chuy\u1ec3n, d\u1eabn V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>: c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p y<\/span> tr\u00ean n\u00f3 m\u00e0 sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> (Skt. prav<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>ttivij\u00f1\u0101na<\/i>). 12. T\u00e2m, xem gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> trong Lu\u1eadn. 13. y, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 y ch\u1ec9<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1edf tri<\/span>, xem gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadn; Skt. \u0101\u015braya-vij\u00f1\u0101na<\/i>. 14.D\u1ecb, t\u1ee9c d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c<\/span>; Skt. vip\u0101ka<\/i>. 15. Th\u1ee9c, d\u1eabn V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>: t\u1ee9c th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> s\u1ef1; Skt. vastuprativikalpa-vij\u00f1\u0101na<\/i> (La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101<\/i>, N.37). 16. C\u0103n, ch\u1ec9 cho c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span>. sinh, h\u1eefu. 17. Sinh,t\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng sinh t\u1eed u\u1ea9n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ed9<\/span>. 18. H\u1eefu, t\u1ee9c h\u1eefu ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9<\/span>; Skt. bhav\u0101nga<\/i>. Cf. Note. d\u1eabn b\u1edfi Tu\u1ec7 s\u1ef9, Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/i> b\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[71] La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101 ii<\/i>, k\u0101 99 tt (N. 46).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[72] Cf. L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 b\u1ea3o 1<\/i> (C\u1ea7u-na-b\u1ea1t-\u0111\u00e0-la, T16n0670, tr. 484b9); Nh\u1eadp l\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 2<\/i> (B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-l\u01b0u-chi, T16n671, tr. 523b19); \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span> 2<\/i> (T16n0672, tr. 594c11).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[73] La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101,<\/i> N. 278. Cf. Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 9<\/i> (B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-l\u01b0u-chi), T 671 tr. 567c14; Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 7<\/i> (Th\u1eadt-xoa-nan-\u0111\u00e0), T 672, tr. 632b26.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[74] T\u1eadp Th\u00e0nh bi\u00ean 20<\/i>, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh, tr. 432a.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[75] L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> b\u1ea3n 10 quy\u1ec3n; Cf. T 671, tr. 569a11.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[76] Cf. L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span> 6<\/i>, b\u1ea3n 7 quy\u1ec3n, T 672, tr. 627c6.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[77] Ngh\u0129a di\u1ec5n<\/i> 11, tr. 807c17.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[79] L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> (\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng) 1, tr. 593b22.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[80] La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101<\/i>, x. k 269; N. 301. Cf. Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 9<\/i>, T 671 tr. 571c12.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[82] Du-gi\u00e0 51<\/i>, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh, tr. 580b14.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[84] \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh, tr. 618b27.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[85] Du-gi\u00e0 66<\/i>, tr. 668a26.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[87] Cf. Nh\u1eadp l\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span> 7<\/i>, T 671, tr. 557a26.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[88] Du-gi\u00e0 5<\/i>, tr. 302c02.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[89] Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> 2<\/i> (tr. 489b24)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[90] B\u1ea3n Ng\u1ee5y 7<\/i>, tr. 577c25, v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5. La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101<\/i>, N.227.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[91] L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 (\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng) 5<\/i>, tr. 620b27.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[92] Cf. La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101<\/i> 10. 389 (N.314).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[93] Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 9<\/i>, T16n0671, tr.0574c01.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[94] La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101 10<\/i>. 388 (N. 314).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[95] \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh, tr. 574b28.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[96] La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101 85<\/i>. 28. Cf. T16n672, tr. 618a18.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[97] Cf. Dasabh\u016bmika<\/i>, k. vi. 16.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[98] Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba kinh<\/span> 5<\/i>, T10n287, tr. 555a25.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[99] Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba lu\u1eadn<\/span> 8<\/i>, T26n1522, tr. 169a15.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[100] Hoa nghi\u00eam<\/span><\/i> (Ph\u1eadt-\u0111\u00e0) 25, T9n278, tr. 558c10.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[101] Hoa nghi\u00eam<\/span><\/i> (Th\u1eadt-xoa) 37, T10n279, tr. 194a14.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[102] T16n676, tr. 698b2.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[103] T31n1598, tr.400a10.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[104] Trang nghi\u00eam<\/span><\/i> 5, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh, tr. 613b12.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[106] Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> 10, T 671.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[107] T\u1ea1p t\u1eadp 5,<\/i> tr. 718a18-19<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[108] Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 7<\/i>, T 671 tr. 557c27.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[109] L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i>, B\u1ea3n 10 quy\u1ec3n; T16n0671, tr.526c8.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[110] La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101vat\u0101ra<\/i>, Nanjio tr. 64.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[111] Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>: eka-y\u0101na<\/i>, \u201cm\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 xe duy nh\u1ea5t\u201d v\u1edbi ek\u0101yana<\/i>, \u201cm\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> duy nh\u1ea5t\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[112] Ibid. Note 9, tr. 527a29.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[113] Skt. ibid., tr. 66: icchantika.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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