{"id":7521,"date":"2020-12-04T17:00:59","date_gmt":"2020-12-04T10:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/04\/bua-an-cuoi-cung-cua-duc-phat\/"},"modified":"2020-12-04T17:00:59","modified_gmt":"2020-12-04T10:00:59","slug":"bua-an-cuoi-cung-cua-duc-phat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/04\/bua-an-cuoi-cung-cua-duc-phat\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1eefa \u0102n Cu\u1ed1i C\u00f9ng C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"

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B\u1eeeA \u0102N<\/span> CU\u1ed0I C\u00d9NG<\/span> C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT<\/span> <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e2m Di\u1ec7u<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"B\u1eefa

Theo Kinh Trung B\u1ed9<\/span>, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng C\u00e2u Thi Na<\/span> (Kushinagar), \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i d\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i khu v\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng Thu\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0<\/span> \u1edf l\u00e0ng Pava. Thu\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0<\/span> hay tin<\/span> li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ngay ch\u1ed7 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5<\/span> v\u00e0 nghe Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span>. Sau khi nghe ph\u00e1p<\/span>, Thu\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0<\/span> ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0<\/span> v\u00e0 T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> b\u1eefa \u0103n<\/span> tr\u01b0a ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> im l\u1eb7ng<\/span> nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e1ng s\u1edbm h\u00f4m sau Thu\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0<\/span> s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n \u201clo\u1ea1i c\u1ee9ng, lo\u1ea1i m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 S\u016bkara-maddava<\/i>\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng c\u00fang v\u00e0o th\u1eddi ng\u1ecd trai. (H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span> d\u1ecbch s\u016bkara-maddava<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9c nh\u0129)<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong b\u1eefa ng\u1ecd trai h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, sau khi an v\u1ecb<\/span> ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Thu\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0<\/span> \u201ch\u00e3y mang m\u00f3n m\u1ed9c nh\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n s\u1eb5n cho ta, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n kh\u00e1c h\u00e3y d\u1ecdn cho ch\u00fang T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span><\/i>\u201d. Ch\u1edd cho Thu\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0<\/span> d\u1ecdn xong c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> b\u1ea3o Thu\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0<\/span> \u0111em ch\u00f4n m\u00f3n \u0103n m\u1ed9c nh\u0129 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cti\u00eau h\u00f3a<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i>\u201d khi \u0103n m\u00f3n m\u1ed9c nh\u0129 n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau b\u1eefa \u0103n<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eefa \u0103n<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng<\/span> v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e2u Thi Na<\/span>, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 15 c\u00e2y s\u1ed1.<\/span><\/p>\n

*****<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span> trong Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a Tam T\u1ea1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> P\u0101li v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> d\u1eabn chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng tin<\/span> c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 b\u1eefa \u0103n<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> (v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng<\/span> 483 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean<\/span>). Trong b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch, H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef s\u016bkara-maddava<\/b> m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/span> ch\u1eef n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u201cm\u00f3n \u0103n m\u1ed9c nh\u0129<\/b>\u201d 6 l\u1ea7n trong su\u1ed1t<\/span> b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kinh<\/span>. [01] Song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9<\/span> Pali l\u00e0 Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A H\u00e0m<\/span> Sanskrit, H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cn\u1ea5m chi\u00ean-\u0111\u00e0n (chi\u00ean-\u0111\u00e0n-th\u1ecd nh\u0129)\u201d v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00fa l\u00e0 \u201cChi\u00ean-\u0111\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u<\/span>. Th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> n\u00e0y theo ch\u1eef Pali l\u00e0 s\u016bkara-maddavam, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m hay rau m\u00e0 lo\u00e0i heo \u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span><\/i>\u201d. [02]<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt ra \u201cs\u016bkara-maddava<\/b>\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span> t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc<\/span> gi\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>, v\u00ec th\u1ebf trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh ng\u1eef thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i y nguy\u00ean<\/span>. S\u016bkara-maddava \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m hai t\u1eeb: “s\u016bkara ” v\u00e0 “maddava”. Theo nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> Pali<\/b> th\u00ec danh t\u1eeb s\u016bkara \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 “l\u1ee3n \/ heo r\u1eebng” m\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb maddava \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span>, m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng”. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng Anh ng\u1eef \u201cHow did the Buddha die<\/i>?\u201d Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129<\/span> B\u00ecnh Anson, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc g\u1ec9a\/h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Nam Truy\u1ec1n th\u1eddi nay cho bi\u1ebft<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cthu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> <\/i>s\u016bkara<\/i> -maddava c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 (1) ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3n hay heo r\u1eebng, (2) m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng l\u1ee3n\/heo r\u1eebng th\u00edch \u0103n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 n\u1ea5m (mushroom) hay lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m truffle, khoai lang hay tuber (LND: <\/i>truffle l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb n\u1ea5m tuber m\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t). <\/i>Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn<\/span> kh\u00e1c, <\/i>s\u016bkara<\/i> <\/i>–<\/i>maddava c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/i>lo\u1ea1i <\/i>“<\/i>c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c”<\/i> (d\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o<\/span>)<\/i> trong y h\u1ecdc <\/i>c\u1ed5 <\/i>\u1ea4n<\/i> \u0110\u1ed9, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 “m\u0103ng <\/i>non b\u1ecb<\/i> ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p<\/span> <\/i>b\u1edfi<\/i> l\u1ee3n<\/i>“.
T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> <\/i>ng\u00e0y <\/i>nay<\/i> <\/i>\u0111\u1ec1u <\/i>\u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd<\/span> v\u1edbi<\/i> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a “<\/b>n\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c n\u1ea5m<\/b><\/i> truffle<\/i><\/b>“, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh<\/b> v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc<\/span> <\/i>c\u1ee7a <\/i>tu vi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/i>, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0103n th\u1ecbt<\/span> t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> cho h\u1ecd. \u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a <\/i>s\u016bkara<\/i> <\/i>–<\/i>maddava l\u00e0 “th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n \/ <\/i>th\u1ecbt <\/i>heo r\u1eebng<\/i> ” kh\u00f4ng<\/b> th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/b> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y<\/i>. “<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u201c<\/i>s\u016bkara<\/i> -maddava may mean: (1) the tender parts of a pig or boar,(2) what is enjoyed by pigs or boars, which may be referred to a mushroom or truffle, or a yam or tuber. In some other commentaries, sukara-maddava was also mentioned as a “medicinal plant” in classic Indian medicine, or as “young bamboo shoots trampled by pigs”. <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

All the current scholar monks agree with the meaning of “mushroom or truffle”, and I concur with them. According to the monastic rules, the monks are not allowed to eat meat from animals specifically killed to make food for them. The meaning of sukara-maddava as “pork\/boar meat” is thus not appropriate here.\u201d) <\/i>[03] <\/b><\/cite><\/span><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span>, trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> cho b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh Trung B\u1ed9<\/span>, Karl Eugen Neumann, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc g\u1ec9a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ch\u1eef s\u016bkara v\u00e0 \u00f4ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span> s\u016bkara \u2013maddava c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0103n ngon<\/span> c\u1ee7a heo, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m truffles. [04]<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Pali sang ti\u1ebfng Anh, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> Rhys Davids c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> s\u016bkara \u2013maddava l\u00e0 \u201ctruffles\u201d [05].<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc g\u1ec9a kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Arthur Waley trong m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn \u00e1n<\/span> vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1932 ((“Did Buddha die of eating pork<\/i>?”) \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> s\u016bkara \u2013maddava c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t<\/span> b\u1ed1n ngh\u0129a: (1) th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a heo (pig’s soft-food<\/i>), (2) m\u00f3n \u0103n \u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3n <\/b>(pig’s-delight)<\/i>, (3) th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span>, ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p<\/span> b\u1edfi l\u1ee3n (<\/i>pig-pounded)<\/i> v\u00e0 \u00f4ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eafng ch\u1eef \u201cpig\u201d nh\u01b0 s\u016bkara -kanda (pig-bulb), s\u016bkara -paadika (pig’s foot), sukaresh.ta (sought-out by pigs). V\u00e0 sau khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u1eef v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a, \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng s\u016bkara \u2013maddava kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ecbt heo m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> m\u00e0 heo \u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span>, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m truffles. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Waley ch\u1ec9 ra lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9 Ma Ki\u1ec7t \u0110\u00e0<\/span> (Maghada ) t\u1ee9c bang Bihar (B\u1eafc \u1ea4n) ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u00e0 v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 Nam \u1ea4n, n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Pali ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m<\/span> s\u016bkara \u2013maddava l\u00e0 m\u00f3n \u0103n l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u1ecbt heo. [06].<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng (1) T\u1ea1i sao Ph\u1eadt d\u1eb7n Thu\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0<\/span> \u0111\u1eebng d\u1ecdn cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u0103ng kh\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00f4n ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00f3n n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft m\u00f3n \u0103n n\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0 c\u01a1 duy\u00ean<\/span> cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span> n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng<\/span> kh\u00e1c \u0103n? Cho n\u00ean r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f3n \u0103n m\u1ed9c nh\u0129<\/b> nh\u01b0 H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span> d\u1ecbch hay l\u00e0 m\u00f3n \u0103n n\u1ea5m<\/b> nh\u01b0 \u0111a s\u1ed1<\/span> c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc g\u1ec9a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> th\u1eddi nay \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd<\/span>, v\u00ec lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m ch\u1ec9 m\u1ecdc ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 heo r\u1eebng m\u1edbi t\u00ecm ra<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. (2) M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eefa c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft th\u00eam l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Pava, n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Thu\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0<\/span> l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m<\/span> truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a K\u1ef3 Na Gi\u00e1o<\/span> th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf<\/span>, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o<\/span> ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3<\/span> \u0103n chay<\/span> thu\u1ea7n, c\u1ea5m s\u00e1t sinh<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u.[07]<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span>, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd<\/span> v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u016bkara -maddava l\u00e0 “m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m truffle”, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n hay th\u1ecbt heo r\u1eebng v\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0103n th\u1ecbt<\/span> t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> cho h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u<\/span> v\u00ec Thu\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb c\u01b0<\/span> s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 quy y<\/span> theo Ph\u1eadt, bi\u1ebft lu\u1eadt Ph\u1eadt, bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, ngay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng s\u1eefa c\u1ee7a b\u00f2 trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u khi b\u00ea con ra \u0111\u1eddi; n\u00ean \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o n\u1ee1 gi\u1ebft heo l\u00e0m th\u1ecbt c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> bi\u1ebft nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> cho Thu\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0<\/span> n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> d\u00f9ng b\u1eefa \u0103n<\/span> do Thu\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0<\/span> c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, cho d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng b\u1eefa \u0103n<\/span> \u1ea5y th\u00ec ng\u00e0y gi\u1edd Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> t\u1eeb ba th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc [08]. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00f3a tan nghi ng\u1edd<\/span> v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn<\/span> trong l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span> Thu\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0<\/span> v\u00ec ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0103n m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh d\u00e2ng c\u00fang l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span>. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> b\u1ea3o Ng\u00e0i A Nan<\/span> h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea5n an tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> Thu\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e2m Di\u1ec7u<\/span><\/p>\n

[01] Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span>: Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span><\/i>, Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/span>, t\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea9m IV t\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n 16 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft \u0111o\u1ea1n 20:<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/D_1-2_2-69_4-17992_5-50_6-1_17-71_14-1_15-1\/kinh-dai-bat-niet-ban.html<\/span><\/p>\n

[02] Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau: Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A H\u00e0m<\/span><\/i>, Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n<\/span> Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1986, trang 86.<\/span><\/p>\n

[03] B\u00ecnh Anson,<\/i> <\/cite>How did the Buddha die<\/i> www.budsas.org\/ebud\/ebsut006.htm<\/cite>)<\/span><\/p>\n

[04] Karl Eugen Neumann, Preface to the Majjhima Nikaaya, p.xx.<\/span><\/p>\n

[05] Dialogues of the Buddha, Vol. Ill of Sacred Books of the Buddhists, ed. T.W. Rhys Davids (London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1910), p. 137.<\/span><\/p>\n

[06] Waley Arthur, Did Buddha die of eating pork?<\/i> : with a note on Buddha’s image: Melanges Chinois et bouddhiques vol 1931-1932 Juillet 1932 P.343-354<\/span><\/p>\n

[07] T\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n B\u00e1ch Khoa Wikipedia. Pava l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u1ed5 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>, nay l\u00e0 Fazilnagar, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u00ean \u201cPawanagar\u201d, l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o K\u1ef3 Na<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u01a1i gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7<\/span> K\u1ef3 Na Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Lord Mahavir nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

[08] \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span> v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n th\u00e1ng t\u01b0 \u00e2m l\u1ecbch<\/span> (vesakha) t\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 483 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean<\/span>. S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span> (Mah\u00e0parinibb\u00e0na) v\u00e0 kinh Cunda.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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