{"id":7529,"date":"2020-12-04T19:03:32","date_gmt":"2020-12-04T12:03:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/04\/khoa-hoc-ve-kinh-nghiem-can-tu\/"},"modified":"2020-12-04T19:03:32","modified_gmt":"2020-12-04T12:03:32","slug":"khoa-hoc-ve-kinh-nghiem-can-tu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/04\/khoa-hoc-ve-kinh-nghiem-can-tu\/","title":{"rendered":"Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1eadn t\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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KHOA H\u1eccC V\u1ec0 KINH NGHI\u1ec6M<\/span> C\u1eacN T\u1eec<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00c1C GI\u1ea2<\/span>: GIDEON LITCHFIELD<\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch: V\u00f5 Qu\u00e2n<\/span><\/p>\n

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Kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00fa \u00fd g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/span>. N\u0103m 2014, b\u1ed9 phim\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Heaven Is for Real<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span>(Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1eadt), k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf n\u00f3i v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9<\/span> m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean ch\u01a1i \u1edf thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> khi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em v\u1ec1 doanh thu \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 $91 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 phim xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010, b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 10 tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm 206 tu\u1ea7n trong danh s\u00e1ch b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a\u00a0New York Times<\/i>. Hai cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y<\/span> do c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span> vi\u1ebft –\u00a0Proof of Heaven (Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>)<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Eben Alexander k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> khi b\u1ecb h\u00f4n m\u00ea<\/span> k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n do vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o g\u00e2y ra, v\u00e0\u00a0To Heaven and Back<\/i>\u00a0(\u0110\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span>)<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Mary C. Neal k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 khi b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t tai n\u1ea1n<\/span> ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n – \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> d\u00e0nh 94 v\u00e0 36 tu\u1ea7n trong danh s\u00e1ch b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t. (T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u1ee7a\u00a0The Boy Who Came Back From Heaven<\/i>, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2010, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/span> th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span>).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> tr\u00ean c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 trong h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u201cc\u1eadn-t\u1eed-nh\u00e2n\u201d\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/span>c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi m\u00ecnh \u2013 trong v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo<\/span> m\u1ed7i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3<\/span>. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed \u1edf<\/span>\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>bay l\u01a1 l\u1eedng<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>b\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt xung quanh<\/span> c\u01a1 th\u1ec3\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u00e3\u00a0<\/span>m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft tri gi\u00e1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3n th\u1eddi gian<\/span> \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t xinh \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>; g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u1ea5c \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u00e2m linh<\/span> (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n<\/span>) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi; g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bl\u00e2u; nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>g\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sinh v\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span><\/span>\u00a0tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>trong\u00a0<\/span>t\u00ecnh y\u00eau si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span>; v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span><\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>ai \u0111\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ecdi t\u00ean,<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u00f5i gi\u1edbi<\/span> huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u<\/span> tr\u1edf\u00a0<\/span>v\u00e0o\u00a0<\/span>l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0<\/span>c\u1eadn-t\u1eed-nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/span> r\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng\u00a0<\/span>h\u1ec1\u00a0<\/span>gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 hay \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c<\/span><\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0“th\u1eadt h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c”. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, v\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ho\u1eb7c r\u1eddi b\u1ecf v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Theo th\u1eddi gian<\/span><\/span>, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t\u00a0<\/span>b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o b\u1ecb c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/span> ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang ch\u1ebft d\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111<\/span>\u01b0a<\/span>\u00a0ra bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> thi\u1ebfu oxy, g\u00e2y m\u00ea kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/span> h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c\u00a0<\/span>c\u1eadn-t\u1eed-nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> n\u00e0y<\/span><\/span>, cho r\u1eb1ng<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>ch\u00fang\u00a0<\/span>kh\u00f4ng\u00a0<\/span>x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>Theo h<\/span>\u1ecd\u00a0<\/span>th\u00ec khi x\u1ea3y ra kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed,\u00a0<\/span>c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> y khoa kh\u00e1c nhau<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>chung\u00a0<\/span>cho m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>r\u1ed9ng\u00a0<\/span>r\u00e3i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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C\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/span> c\u1ee7a\u00a0<\/span>hai b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Sam Parnia v\u00e0 Pim van Lommel m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>c\u00e1c\u00a0<\/span>nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eb1m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra<\/span>\u00a0trong<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/span>. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>Parnia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span> k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t h\u01a1n 2.000 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng tim. V\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/span><\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0Mary Neal v\u00e0 Eben Alexander\u00a0<\/span>xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n\u00a0<\/span>s\u00e1ch k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i\u00a0<\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0thu h\u00fat\u00a0<\/span><\/span>th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed,\u00a0<\/span>Mary Neal<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch<\/span> khoa\u00a0<\/span>ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> Southern California (hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd<\/span> b\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m t\u01b0). Eben Alexander l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span> d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng y<\/span> khoa uy t\u00edn<\/span>, bao g\u1ed3m<\/span>\u00a0Brigham and Women’s<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Harvard<\/i>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ch\u00ednh Alexander l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u1ecdc nh\u1ecdn khoa h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 y khoa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span> \u00f4ng \u0111ang \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> h\u00f4n m\u00ea<\/span> s\u00e2u, b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0du h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng\u00a0<\/span>thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n<\/span>, Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfp sau<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Alexander \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span> nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n y khoa\u00a0<\/span>li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0o<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>M<\/span>\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u tra<\/span> n\u0103m 2013 trong\u00a0Esquire<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 nghi v\u1ea5n<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra trong khi n\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> n\u00e0o.\u00a0<\/span>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0<\/span>nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span><\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>c<\/span>\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/span><\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>vi\u1ec7c\u00a0<\/span>th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The Boy Who Came From Heaven<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span>ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng, cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> th\u00eam\u00a0<\/span>ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>nga<\/span>ng h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 b\u1eaft c\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh, nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span>, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0poltergeists\u00a0<\/span>(linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> \u1ed3n \u00e0o<\/span>)<\/span>, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0y<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1edb c\u1ecf kh\u00f4 c\u1ee7a lang b\u0103m d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba<\/span> nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1m th\u1ecb.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ebfm khi bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m\u00a0<\/span><\/span>c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span>, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nghi ng\u1edd<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam th\u1eaft<\/span> khi k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0y qu\u00e1\u00a0<\/span><\/span>phong ph\u00fa<\/span><\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/span> n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>. C\u0169ng kh\u00f3\u00a0<\/span>m\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>b\u1ecf qua\u00a0<\/span>c\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a\u00a0<\/span>nh\u1eefng<\/span>\u00a0b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span> uy t\u00edn<\/span> m\u00e0 danh ti\u1ebfng<\/span> ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o<\/span> t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c<\/span>. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u00ean kia l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, th\u00ec c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> khi\u00a0<\/span>c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1eadt.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3\u00a0<\/span>khi\u1ebfn cho kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>c\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ednh h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u1edf g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0khoa h\u1ecdc. Trong khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 b\u1eaft c\u00f3c\u00a0<\/span>c\u1ee7a\u00a0<\/span>ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ebfng\u00a0<\/span>th\u0103m\u00a0<\/span>c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u00e2m linh<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 trong tay\u00a0<\/span>c\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee5 thu th\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0<\/span>ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0khi\u00a0<\/span><\/span>bao\u00a0<\/span>quanh\u00a0<\/span>h\u1ecd l\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t kho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u0111o\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eebng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ri\u00eang r\u1ebd\u00a0<\/span>c\u1ee7a<\/span>\u00a0c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 y khoa ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i\u00a0<\/span>ti\u1ebfn<\/span>, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0khi \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7<\/span><\/span>n\u00a0<\/span>b\u1edd v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi may m\u1eafn<\/span> b\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> sau h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd\u00a0<\/span>ng\u01b0ng th\u1edf ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0ng tim<\/span>, b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i trong tuy\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c\u00a0<\/span>ch\u00ecm d\u01b0\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh. B\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span> ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u1ed1 \u00fd<\/span> t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0y, l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ng<\/span>\u01b0<\/span>ng tim c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u1eefng ca\u00a0<\/span>ph\u1eabu<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span>, nguy hi\u1ec3m; g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/span><\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eed c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u00a0<\/span>n\u00e0y<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb7ng, gi\u1eef\u00a0<\/span>b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eefa tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi\u00a0<\/span>ch\u1ea5n<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0<\/span>nh\u1eefng\u00a0<\/span>\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0<\/span>n\u00e0y<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>khi\u1ebfn kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e2m linh<\/span> duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3<\/span>. N\u00f3\u00a0<\/span><\/span>cung c\u1ea5p<\/span><\/span>\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1edb th\u1ecbt<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng<\/span>. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n<\/span> l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t\u00a0<\/span>v\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 duy v\u1eadt<\/span> ki\u00ean\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch\u00a0<\/span>b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> t\u00f4i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span><\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i<\/span> \u1edf Newport Beach, California, t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i<\/span> Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> C\u1eadn t\u1eed (IANDS), th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1981. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec\u00a0<\/span><\/span>khi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0<\/span>kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0tin r\u1eb1ng\u00a0<\/span>m\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia? T\u1ea1i sao ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c? V\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111ang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span> c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 vui v\u1ebb<\/span>, th\u00e2n m\u1eadt<\/span>; nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nhau trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. Kh\u00e1ch tham d\u1ef1<\/span> \u0111eo nh\u1eefng d\u1ea3i ruy b\u0103ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0mang nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> nh\u01b0 DI\u1ec4N GI\u1ea2<\/span>, THAM LU\u1eacN<\/span> VI\u00caN,\u00a0<\/span>T\u00ccNH NGUY\u1ec6N<\/span> VI\u00caN<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0NG\u01af\u1edcI TR\u1ea2I NGHI\u1ec6M. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9<\/span><\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb “Khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>n\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0khoa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc g\u00ec t\u1eeb\u00a0<\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>” \u0111\u1ebfn “V\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span> thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/span>: Ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u01a1n l\u1ed1c m\u1edf v\u00e0o c\u00f5i th\u00e1nh” v\u00e0 “C\u00f9ng quay v\u1ec1<\/span> ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc”.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n<\/span> khai m\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Diane Corcoran, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i<\/span>, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> d\u00e0nh cho\u00a0<\/span>nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi; kh\u00e1n ph\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh, ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 300 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0\u00a0<\/span>im ph\u1eaft<\/span>. B\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0<\/span>v\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>con<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed\u00a0<\/span>– “<\/span>b\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ed3i m\u00e1u\u00a0<\/span>c\u01a1\u00a0<\/span>tim, s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft \u0111u\u1ed1i, \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt, b\u1ec7nh giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i<\/span>, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>sau chi\u1ebfn tranh” –<\/span>\u00a0s<\/span>au \u0111\u00f3<\/span>, b\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>. B\u00e0 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Bruce Greyson, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> nghi\u00eam t\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>v\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t thang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span> c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> 16\u00a0<\/span>y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span><\/span>\u00a0ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>h\u00e2n hoan<\/span><\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0<\/span>g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u00e2m linh<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> t\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Thang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span> cho 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 2 \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0<\/span>m\u1ed7i\u00a0<\/span>y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span><\/span>, cho ph\u00e9p<\/span> s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u00e0 32. S\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb 7 ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed, v\u00e0 theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>, s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/span> c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed l\u00e0 15 \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, Corcoran nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span>, nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span> c\u1ee7a\u00a0<\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0<\/span> ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u0111\u00f3<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Theo b\u00e0, n<\/span>hi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng n\u0103m tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3\u00a0<\/span>tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>x\u00e2u chu\u1ed7i l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>ch\u1ec9 sau khi h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0\u00a0<\/span>nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m<\/span> v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, \u00e2m thanh<\/span>, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t; tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng\u00a0<\/span>v\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>quan t\u00e2m<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u00a0<\/span>nhi\u1ec1u<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 th\u00e1i qu\u00e1<\/span>; g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i<\/span> v\u1edbi gi\u1edd gi\u1ea5c v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c; c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span><\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>m\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>\u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> \u00e1p l\u1ef1c<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8; v\u00e0 c\u00f3\u00a0<\/span>hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n. Corcoran k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i<\/span>, t<\/span>\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a\u00a0<\/span>c\u1eadn-t\u1eed-nh\u00e2n<\/span>, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1eaft.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>B<\/span>\u00e0 n\u00f3i<\/span>:<\/span>\u00a0“B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t 400 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m\u00a0<\/span>c\u1eadn t\u1eed\u00a0<\/span>trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>, s\u1ebd c\u00f3\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3<\/i>\u00a0x\u1ea3y ra”. Kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 c\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00fac kh\u00edch t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> Corcoran \u0111eo hai ph\u00f9 hi\u1ec7u t\u00ean. M\u1ed9t cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> t\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u00e0 k\u00e9o ph\u00eda sau m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i ruy b\u0103ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eafc\u00a0<\/span>gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n s\u00e1o c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o l\u00ean<\/span>, ghi nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef:<\/span>\u00a035 N\u0102M, X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I<\/span> K\u1ebe TH\u1eeaA<\/span>, H\u1eceI T\u00d4I, v\u00e0 \u1ede \u0110\u00c2Y \u0110\u1ec2 PH\u1ee4C V\u1ee4<\/span>. (B\u00e0 k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam\u00a0<\/span>c\u00e1c\u00a0<\/span>d\u1ea3i ruy b\u0103ng \u1edf m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span><\/span>:<\/span>\u00a0“N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u00f9a,<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng”). Ph\u00f9 hi\u1ec7u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ghi\u00a0<\/span>V\u1eca\u00a0<\/span>\u0110\u1ea0I T\u00c1: s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> l\u00e2u n\u0103m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span><\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cao c\u1ea5p trong T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng qu\u00e2n y (b\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn s\u0129<\/span> qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng). L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y t\u00e1 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> t\u1ea1i Long B\u00ecnh, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1969.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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“Kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00f3i v\u1ec1\u00a0<\/span>ch\u00fang<\/span>“, Corcoran n\u00f3i khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> g\u1eb7p nhau<\/span> trong b\u1eefa \u0103n<\/span> s\u00e1ng. “M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng tr\u1ebb k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi t\u00f4i [v\u1ec1\u00a0<\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>] v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng k\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span> v\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u1edf \u00f4ng”<\/span><\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> y khoa \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u00eam t\u00fac h\u01a1n. “<\/span>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c<\/span>\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebft<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0d\u00f9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft<\/span><\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u quen thu\u1ed9c<\/span> nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y”<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0b\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ec9a mai<\/span>. “V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, nghe th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt,\u00a0<\/span><\/span>th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>“<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>d\u00f9\u00a0<\/span>v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> t\u00ecm g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng c\u1ef1u binh\u00a0<\/span>trong<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn Iraq v\u00e0 Afghanistan, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3. “<\/span>Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong qu\u00e2n y, t<\/span>\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng\u00a0<\/span>chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> y khoa. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i [v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span>], h\u1ecd\u00a0<\/span>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> ri\u00eang<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u1ecd, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y”<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed – ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \u00edt nh\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed y khoa\u00a0Resuscitation<\/i><\/span>\u00a0(H\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c)<\/i>\u00a0v\u1eeba c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span> m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> y khoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1\u00a0<\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>, do m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span> qu\u00e2n y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18.\u00a0<\/span>N<\/span>h\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1975. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m Raymond A. Moody Jr., m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>sau n\u00e0y\u00a0<\/span>tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span>, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0Life After Life<\/span><\/i>\u00a0(Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span>), m\u1ed9t\u00a0<\/span><\/span>nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span><\/span>\u00a0d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1eadn t\u1eed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Moody kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0<\/span>cho\u00a0<\/span>s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n<\/span> c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n h\u1ed3i k\u00fd, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span> nh\u1ecf\u00a0<\/span>ra \u0111\u1eddi,\u00a0<\/span>bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span> h\u1ecdc, t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> h\u1ecdc, b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span> tim m\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd chia s\u1ebb ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> c\u1ee7a Moody cho r\u1eb1ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> – t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>, linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u00ean g\u00ec b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n – c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span> nh\u01b0ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o, v\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng\u00a0<\/span>cho<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m\u00a0<\/span><\/span>n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c<\/span> t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n danh ti\u1ebfng<\/span>. H\u1ecd vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span> cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m linh<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>The Handbook of Near-Death Experiences: Thirty Years of Investigation<\/span><\/i>\u00a0(S\u1ed5 tay v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed: Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u), m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a\u00a0Cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 tay<\/i>, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2005<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ea7n 3.500 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/span> tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> cho kho\u1ea3ng 600 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u0103ng\u00a0<\/span><\/span>tr\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Journal of Near-Death Studies<\/span><\/i>\u00a0(T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> C\u1eadn t\u1eed), t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a IANDS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i<\/span> t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t (peer-reviewed). Nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i b\u00e1o kh\u00e1c\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m y khoa ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng<\/span>. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Hai<\/span>, khi<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/span> tr\u00ean PubMed, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/span> b\u1edfi Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Y khoa Qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> ( kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a IANDS trong ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n),\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u0111\u00e3\u00a0<\/span>cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 240 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0mang t\u00ednh h\u1ed3i c\u1ee9u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span>. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 s\u00e0n l\u1ecdc, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n<\/span>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3\u00a0<\/span><\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00edt h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3\u00a0<\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span><\/span>\u00a0th\u00fa v\u1ecb<\/span>. (M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec sao\u00a0<\/span><\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o \u0111ang ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 v\u00ec\u00a0<\/span><\/span>c\u00f3\u00a0<\/span>qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nhau<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>N<\/span>h\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0, trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/span> nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span>, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn 23<\/span>%<\/span>\u00a0trong c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch)<\/span><\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> di\u1ec5n ra h\u00e0ng n\u0103m tr\u1eddi sau khi x\u1ea3y ra<\/span>\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>, do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb sai l\u1ea1c<\/span>. V\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> h\u1ed3i c\u1ee9u\u00a0<\/span>h\u1ea7u<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng tin<\/span> c\u1eady v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong khi h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span>\u00a0trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Trong\u00a0<\/span>c\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t\u00a0<\/span>t\u1eebng<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ngay sau khi<\/span> h\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> m\u1ed9t\u00a0<\/span>ca<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u<\/span> y t\u1ebf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u1eebng tim).\u00a0<\/span>B<\/span>\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u1eb7t<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> trong khi b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span> \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> h\u1ed3i sinh<\/span> h\u1ecd. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/span> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean\u00a0<\/span>s\u1ebd\u00a0<\/span>c\u1ee9u ki\u1ec3m tra<\/span> h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 y t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/span>, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/span> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> c\u00e1c\u00a0<\/span>tr\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c\u00a0<\/span>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>t\u1ecf\u00a0<\/span>b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m li\u00ean quan<\/span>. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u01b0\u1edbi 300 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c\u00a0<\/span><\/span>x\u00e1c th\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0<\/span>minh b\u1ea1ch<\/span><\/span>\u00a0(<\/span>apparently nonphysical veridical perception)<\/span>” – n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0<\/span>tr\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u1ec7m trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c nghe th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 l\u1ebd ra b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng sau n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3\u00a0<\/span>l\u1ea1i\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra. (<\/span>X\u00e1c<\/i>\u00a0th\u1eadt<\/span><\/i>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n”)<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Tr\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u1ec7m tho\u00e1t-kh\u1ecfi-c\u01a1-th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 16 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed trong thang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span> Greyson, v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/span> c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y thay<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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L\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> trong\u00a0<\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>mang t\u00ednh\u00a0<\/span>v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> h\u01a1n l\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m linh<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>tr\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u1ec7m tho\u00e1t-kh\u1ecfi-c\u01a1-th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c<\/span> nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span>. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> r\u1eb1ng ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c nghe th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> h\u1ecd l\u1ebd ra kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn ho\u1eb7c nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>th\u00ec\u00a0<\/span>\u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ngh\u0129, v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>b\u00ean\u00a0<\/span>ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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C<\/span>\u00e1c b\u00e1o<\/span> c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>x\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> t\u00f4tem (v\u1eadt t\u1ed5) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0<\/span>c\u1eadn-t\u1eed-nh\u00e2n<\/span>. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 Maria, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n ng\u1eebng tim t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u1edf Seattle n\u0103m 1977. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 trong khi c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span> \u0111ang h\u1ed3i sinh<\/span> cho c\u00f4<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec c\u00f4 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang\u00a0<\/span>bay l\u01a1 l\u1eedng<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gi\u00e0y qu\u1ea7n v\u1ee3t \u1edf m\u00e9p c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 tr\u00ean t\u1ea7ng ba,\u00a0<\/span>v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft<\/span>. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u00e3\u00a0<\/span>\u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 Maria ch\u1ec9, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0<\/span>nh\u1eefng<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> chi\u1ebfc gi\u00e0y<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u00f2n\u00a0<\/span><\/span>cho bi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o Maria c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> t\u1eeb trong ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0<\/span>c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfc gi\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, Kimberly Clark Sharp, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd kho\u1ea3ng 60 tu\u1ed5i, vui v\u1ebb<\/span>, c\u00f3 m\u00e1i t\u00f3c qu\u0103n, l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i trong h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span>. B\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>tr\u1edf n\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e2n\u00a0<\/span><\/span>quen<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1i IANDS; T\u00f4i nghe m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn “<\/span>v\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0chi\u1ebfc gi\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Maria” ho\u1eb7c\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 “<\/span>v\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0chi\u1ebfc gi\u00e0y qu\u1ea7n v\u1ee3t”.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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T<\/span>rong khi\u00a0<\/span>chi\u1ebfc\u00a0<\/span>gi\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Maria ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>l\u00e0m n\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec l\u1ea1i mong manh<\/span><\/span>. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/span>, Maria \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai\u00a0<\/span>t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> c\u00f4<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00f4.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Pam Reynolds, m\u1ed9t ca s\u0129-nh\u1ea1c s\u0129. N\u0103m 1991<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0Reynolds,\u00a0<\/span>l\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 35 tu\u1ed5i, tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>ca<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn \u1edf\u00a0<\/span>m\u1eb7t trong v\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e3o. Lo l\u1eafng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch\u00a0<\/span>b\u1ecb ph\u00ecnh\u00a0<\/span>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0<\/span>v\u1ee1<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong<\/span><\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0<\/span>khi ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt<\/span>, b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span> \u0111\u00e3\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u01b0a ra\u00a0<\/span>l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0“ng\u1eebng tim\u00a0<\/span>v\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0(<\/span>hypothermic cardiac arrest<\/span>)<\/span>” \u2013<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a\u00a0<\/span>c\u00f4<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn 60 \u0111\u1ed9 F<\/span>\u00a0(kho\u1ea3ng 15,6 \u0111\u1ed9 C)<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/span>\u00a0tim, v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t m\u00e1u t\u1eeb\u00a0<\/span>v\u00f9ng\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u1ea7u. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>l\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd ng\u0103n c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o\u00a0<\/span>kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0trong khi thi\u1ebfu oxy. Khi b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>cho<\/span>\u00a0tim\u00a0<\/span>ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u1ea5m c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, c\u00f4 s\u1ebd<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>tr\u1edf<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> l\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e3o\u00a0<\/span>c\u1ee7a\u00a0<\/span>Reynolds ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> trong\u00a0<\/span>khi<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 y<\/span> t\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7t\u00a0<\/span>nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc\u00a0<\/span>loa nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o tai c\u00f4<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>ph\u00e1t ra ti\u1ebfng l\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>r\u1ea5t nhanh v\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> \u1edf m\u1ee9c 100 decibel<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>–<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>m\u1ee9c \u00e2m thanh<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0<\/span>m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi\u00a0<\/span>ti\u1ebfng<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e1y c\u1eaft c\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c\u00a0<\/span>ti\u1ebfng b\u00faa<\/span>\u00a0khoan. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea7n\u00a0<\/span>\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>n\u00e0o \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>ti\u1ebfng l\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch dai d\u1eb3ng<\/span><\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf th\u00e2n n\u00e3o, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u0111ang<\/span>\u00a0theo d\u00f5i<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed3.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed3\u00a0<\/span>x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng\u00a0<\/span>trong<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0<\/span>v\u00e0i<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00fat<\/span>, c\u1ea3\u00a0<\/span>n\u00e3o v\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0<\/span>Reynolds\u00a0<\/span>th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, sau khi ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, c\u00f4 cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u00e3\u00a0<\/span>tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span><\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0<\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3\u00a0<\/span>tr\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u1ec7m\u00a0<\/span>tho\u00e1t-kh\u1ecfi<\/span>-c\u01a1<\/span>–<\/span>th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra trong ph\u00f2ng\u00a0<\/span>ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt<\/span>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0<\/span>m\u00e1y\u00a0<\/span>c\u01b0a x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> tr\u00ean h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00f4, c\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ed9i tho\u1ea1i\u00a0<\/span>c\u1ee7a<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf, v\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0vi\u1ec7c<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u2013<\/span>\u00a0l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4 ngh\u0129 l\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>l\u1eafm – \u0111ang\u00a0<\/span>nghe<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>b\u00e0i h\u00e1t<\/span><\/span>\u00a0“Hotel California”\u00a0<\/span>(\u201cYou can check out any time you like, but you can never leave\u201d)<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed<\/span>, Reynolds\u00a0<\/span>l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/span> nh\u1ea5t<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng\u00a0<\/span>c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0<\/span>nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>x\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eadt\u00a0<\/span>n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a<\/span>\u00a0Reynolds \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong khi\u00a0<\/span>\u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a\u00a0<\/span>c\u00f4\u00a0<\/span>th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0<\/span>th\u1eb3ng ph\u1eb3ng l\u00ec<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>T<\/span>\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0<\/span>x\u1ea3y<\/span>\u00a0ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c sau<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3<\/span>, khi c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y m\u00ea nh\u01b0ng\u00a0<\/span>v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/span>. “Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c\u00a0<\/span>trong l\u00fac\u00a0<\/span>g\u00e2y m\u00ea<\/span>\u00a0(<\/span>Anesthesia awareness<\/span>)<\/span>” th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0<\/span>x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7<\/span> 1<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>tr\u00ean<\/span>\u00a01.000 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. (Xem “Awakening”,\u00a0<\/span>c\u1ee7a<\/span>\u00a0Joshua Lang, Th\u00e1ng M\u1ed9t\/Th\u00e1ng Hai 2013<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Atlantic<\/i>.) Do \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0<\/span>c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span><\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0Reynolds c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0<\/span>nghe nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ed9i tho\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3<\/span>; c\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy\u00a0<\/span>di\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1\u00a0<\/span>m\u00e1y\u00a0<\/span>c\u01b0a x\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n n\u00f3\u00a0<\/span>t\u1ea1o ra<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0<\/span>ti\u1ebfng<\/span>\u00a0rung\u00a0<\/span>tr\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00f4; v\u00e0 c\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0<\/span>k\u00fd \u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0sai\u00a0<\/span>l\u1ec7ch t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng<\/span>\u00a0chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f4 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c sau khi\u00a0<\/span>ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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N<\/span>\u0103m 2011, m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi Reynolds qua \u0111\u1eddi (<\/span>do\u00a0<\/span>suy tim),\u00a0T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed\u00a0<\/i><\/span>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span><\/i>\u00a0C\u1eadn t\u1eed\u00a0<\/span><\/i>d\u00e0nh\u00a0<\/span>nguy\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00f4, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span> v\u00e0 hai\u00a0<\/span>ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin th\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0tranh c\u00e3i\u00a0<\/span>v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng\u00a0<\/span>chi ti\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>nh\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0<\/span>kho\u1ea3n\u00a0<\/span>th\u1eddi gian<\/span> c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n\u00a0<\/span>do\u00a0<\/span>c<\/span>hi\u1ebfc<\/span>\u00a0loa<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t ra<\/span>\u00a0trong tai c\u00f4, c\u00e1ch\u00a0<\/span>th\u1ee9c\u00a0<\/span>x\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0<\/span>t\u1ea1o ra<\/span>\u00a0\u00e2m thanh<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>c\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0thuy\u1ebft b\u00ed truy\u1ec1n<\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch\u00a0<\/span>th\u1ee9c\u00a0<\/span>m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m\u00a0<\/span>th\u1ee9c\u00a0<\/span>phi v\u1eadt\u00a0<\/span>ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn\u00a0<\/span>m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0<\/span>ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>c\u00e1c\u00a0<\/span>k\u00edch th\u00edch<\/span> v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>\u0110\u00fac k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i<\/span>, Janice Miner Holden, bi\u00ean t\u1eadp<\/span> vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> nh\u01b0 Reynolds “cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng\u00a0<\/span>c\u1ee9\u00a0<\/span>d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t<\/span>.”<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> kh\u00e1c\u00a0<\/span>li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> minh b\u1ea1ch<\/span> x\u00e1c th\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb<\/span><\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i \u00edt \u1ecfi<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>\u0110\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trong cu\u1ed1n\u00a0<\/span>The Handbook of Near-Death Experiences<\/span><\/i>, Holden<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0l\u00f9ng s\u1ee5c c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>B\u1ecf qua<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n h\u1ed3i k\u00fd c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n sau cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u0103m 1975<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a<\/span>\u00a0Raymond Moody<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 v\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>c\u00e1c\u00a0<\/span>nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u00f3\u00a0<\/span>t\u00ednh\u00a0<\/span>h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>c\u1ee7a<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>b\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u00e3\u00a0<\/span>thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 100 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>v\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> minh b\u1ea1ch<\/span> x\u00e1c th\u1eadt\u00a0<\/span><\/span>khi x\u1ea3y ra<\/span>\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 35\u00a0<\/span>b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/span> c\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>t\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c\u00a0<\/span>b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m.\u00a0<\/span>\u0110\u00e3 k<\/span>h\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0<\/span>k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span> ri\u00eang r\u1ebd n\u00e0o mang t\u00ednh tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>–<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tranh<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>c\u00e3i<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y\u00a0<\/span>\u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span>\u00a0g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0<\/span>th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/span> trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>m\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 v\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>khi l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span><\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n\u00a0<\/span>c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>H\u00f3a ra n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Trong\u00a0Cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 tay<\/i>, Janice Holden \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3o:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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T\u1ea1i n\u01a1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed, s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span> m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00edch th\u00edch<\/span> gi\u00e1c quan<\/span>, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t<\/span> sau m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1<\/span> s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft trong v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn<\/span> c\u1ee7a k\u00edch th\u00edch<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn k\u00edch th\u00edch<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng… S\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sao cho ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u1eadn-t\u1eed-nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong khu v\u1ef1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3; trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u00fd<\/span> ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 \u00fd<\/span> truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a k\u00edch th\u00edch<\/span> cho c\u1eadn-t\u1eed-nh\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span> c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch<\/span> sao cho\u00a0th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n

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Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> nay, c\u00f3 s\u00e1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span> m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng tim, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span> n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> x\u00e1c th\u1eadt. Trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u00edch<\/span>, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> cao, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o bay l\u00ean g\u1ea7n tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o<\/span> r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ai \u2013 bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span>, y t\u00e1, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n sau \u0111\u00f3 – bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00edch th\u00edch<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span>. (Holden cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/span> nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n tu\u00e2n theo<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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M\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u00ean Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c<\/span> (Aware), d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> b\u1edfi Sam Parnia c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> bang New York t\u1ea1i Stony Brook, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span> tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>Resuscitation<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span>th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i<\/span>. Trong \u0111\u00f3, 15 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n tham gia<\/span> t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, v\u00e0 \u00c1o l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c k\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng tim.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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C\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c<\/span> ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> n\u00e0y: r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u01a1n b\u1ed1n n\u0103m, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> ghi ch\u00e9p t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 2.060 ca ng\u1eebng tim. (S\u1ed1 ca nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3). Trong s\u1ed1 330 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t<\/span>, 140 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/span> cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd<\/span> tham gia<\/span>. R\u1ed3i 101 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>, “ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c”. Trong s\u1ed1 101 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, 9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed theo thang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span> Greyson, v\u00e0 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tho\u00e1t-kh\u1ecfi-c\u01a1-th\u1ec3. Trong 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> n\u00e0y, 1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> th\u00eam. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u0169ng th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb<\/span>. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng 57 tu\u1ed5i, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 bay l\u01a1 l\u1eedng<\/span> t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf \u0111ang thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed rung tim (s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n). Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> c\u1ee7a Parnia, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> b\u1ec7nh nh\u1eadn m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, sau khi ki\u1ec3m tra<\/span> ch\u00e9o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y kh\u1eed rung tim, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra trong kho\u1ea3ng<\/span> ba ph\u00fat sau khi tim ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> r\u1ea5t \u0111ang l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span>. Tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed3, n\u00e3o th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eb3ng) trong kho\u1ea3ng<\/span> 20 gi\u00e2y khi tim ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>. H\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c tim v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u l\u00e0m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ebft ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01a1m l\u00ean n\u00e3o. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c<\/span> trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> h\u00f4n m\u00ea<\/span>, n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u1ebd ra \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi tim b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eadp tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u1eabn kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n tham gia<\/span> trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t kho\u1ea3ng 1.000 k\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 22 % c\u00e1c ca ng\u1eebng tim x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 k\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00cdt ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span>, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> do khoa h\u1ecdc cung c\u1ea5p<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> g\u00e2y ra kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1eadn-t\u1eed-nh\u00e2n n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t<\/span> oxy (hypoxia), th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u01b0ng tim, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, ho\u1eb7c \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c<\/span>. Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tho\u00e1t-kh\u1ecfi-c\u01a1-th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c<\/span> \u1edf v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p gi\u1eefa th\u00f9y \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 th\u00f9y th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> (<\/span>temporoparietal junction<\/span>) –<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> chung c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u carbon dioxide (hypercarbia) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y). Ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2<\/span> trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c<\/span> ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> b\u00ecnh an<\/span>. V\u00e0 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1eadn t\u1eed c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn<\/span> b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> duy v\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00e0y. Sam Parnia, Pim van Lommel, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> s\u1ef1 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> n\u00e0y. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra. Nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c kho\u1ea3n kia trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u00ean. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed n\u00e0o. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/i>\u00a0c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f3, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u00e0 khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t<\/span> h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ca ng\u01b0ng tim. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a Parnia ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau l\u00ean 9 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed t\u1ea1i 15 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n trong 4 n\u0103m. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee9u \u1edf Slovenia c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span> n\u0103m 2010 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> d\u01b0 th\u1eeba<\/span> carbon dioxide \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nh\u1ed3i m\u00e1u c\u01a1 tim \u2013 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span> thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t<\/span> oxy; tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 52 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 11 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> kh\u00e1 m\u1edbi m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m duy v\u1eadt<\/span> d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> trong l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> Michigan, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span> n\u0103m 2013, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> tr\u00ean chu\u1ed9t b\u1ecb g\u00e2y m\u00ea v\u00e0 cho tim ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>. Trong 30 gi\u00e2y, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed9t ph\u1eb3ng l\u00ec – nh\u01b0ng \u1edf kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 \u0111ang giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span> h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi khi chu\u1ed9t c\u00f2n t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Lo\u1ea1i giao ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>; tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 \u0111ang so s\u00e1nh<\/span> th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch<\/span> ch\u00fang nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e3o t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt v\u00e0o l\u00fac ch\u1ebft<\/i>\u00a0gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 chu\u1ed9t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u00e3o \u0111ang co th\u1eaft t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1<\/span> l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i khi ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> oxy b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t v\u00e0 n\u00e3o c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec m\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> t\u0103ng cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> c\u00f3 v\u1ebb th\u1eadt h\u01a1n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span> n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00fang. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> nh\u01b0 Parnia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c<\/span> r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> Nh\u1eadn Th\u01b0c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00f3e l\u00ean nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o<\/span> m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u00fat ho\u1eb7c l\u00e2u h\u01a1n sau khi tim ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1eadp, th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span> s\u1ebd b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span>. C\u00f2n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd,\u00a0t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed3 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt v\u00e0o l\u00fac ch\u1ebft<\/i>\u00a0v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c trong c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 gh\u00e9p h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cV\u1eady th\u00ec, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed s\u1ebd \u0111i ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi Susan Blackmore, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh – c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> duy t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u00eam c\u1eadn t\u1eed. Khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> tho\u00e1t-kh\u1ecfi-c\u01a1-th\u1ec3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> mang t\u00ednh huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Theo nh\u01b0<\/span> Blackmore bi\u1ebft, b\u00ed \u1ea9n<\/span> ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span>. B\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft g\u1ea7n k\u1ec1\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/i>\u00a0k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, b\u00e0 vi\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t e-mail, l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t \u2013 khi d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c nhau, khi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, v\u00e0 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span> – nh\u01b0ng trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> di\u1ec5n ra theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span>. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> d\u00f2ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c lan truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 …? T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd s\u1edbm t\u00ecm ra\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n

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T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Blackmore – \u00a0t\u1ea1i sao r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed l\u1ea1i di\u1ec5n ra theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nhau – s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao kinh<\/span> nghi\u1ec7m c\u1eadn t\u1eed c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3<\/span> t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span>, Alana Karran, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 truy ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f4 cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u00fd thu\u1eadt th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span> h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Joseph Campbell \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 “monomyth” v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1949. Cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb huy\u1ec1n<\/span> tho\u1ea1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eed thi Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ebfn bom t\u1ea5n Hollywood \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3i k\u00fd c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>. Trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y ra kh\u1ecfi l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng<\/span> b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh do m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra v\u00e0 – l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng do s\u1ef1 th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh<\/span> t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xa l\u1ea1<\/span>. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, anh ta \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1eed th\u00e1ch<\/span>, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi k\u1ebb th\u00f9<\/span>, ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span> l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh, ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1eed th\u00e1ch<\/span> t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9, m\u1ea5p m\u00e9<\/span> tr\u00ean b\u1edd v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i hay c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> n\u01a1i anh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, trong chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u1ebb vang<\/span> nh\u01b0ng theo m\u1ed9t phong th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed theo m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y. Trong\u00a0Proof of Heaven<\/i>, Eben Alexander m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i t\u1ed1i t\u0103m<\/span>, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u00f9n n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ee5c n\u1eeda trong ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 “m\u00f3n Jell-O b\u1ea9n” (Jell-O l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00f3n th\u1ea1ch tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u2013 ND), \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby nh\u1eefng “m\u1eb7t th\u00fa k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i”, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> ng\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1t v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> kh\u00f4n c\u00f9ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 k\u00e9o \u00f4ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> “m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y” \u2013 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1n qu\u00ea th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 tranh. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i xinh \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> c\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh b\u01b0\u1edbm, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n qu\u00fd, tha thi\u1ebft, m\u00e3i m\u00e3i”, r\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng \u0111i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra cho \u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ed m\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>. Sau khi \u0111i l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa hai c\u00f5i gi\u1edbi<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, v\u00e0o l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> \u00f4ng r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u01a1i t\u1ed1i t\u0103m<\/span> m\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> cho \u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u00f4 tu\u00fdp k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> (th\u1ef1c ra<\/span>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng Campbell h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed<\/span> hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> khi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00e1ch k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y) v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t, ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang k\u00ecm h\u00e3m m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Kh\u00f4ng ai t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> hay h\u01a1n Jeff Olsen, m\u1ed9t trong hai di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3<\/span> ch\u00ednh. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Olsen \u0111au x\u00e9 l\u00f2ng, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng k\u1ec3 trong hai cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n video kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean YouTube: Khi \u0111ang l\u00e1i xe \u0111\u01b0a gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> nh\u00e0 t\u1eeb k\u1ef3<\/span> ngh\u1ec9, b\u1ed7ng xe c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng va \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh do \u00f4ng ng\u1ee7 thi\u1ebfp \u0111i. N\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t v\u1edbi l\u01b0ng b\u1ecb g\u00e3y, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh tay g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb x\u00e9 n\u00e1t<\/span>, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1eadu con trai 7 tu\u1ed5i \u0111ang g\u00e0o kh\u00f3c, c\u00f2n v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a con trai s\u01a1 sinh th\u00ec im ph\u1eaft. Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch\u00a0I Knew Their Hearts\u00a0<\/i>(Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed7i l\u00f2ng<\/span>), \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft, “B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> m\u00ecnh?”.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t<\/span> n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u00e2m linh<\/span> – l\u00e0 “Con l\u00e0 to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o; con l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a ta nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0; v\u00e0 con l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m”. Olsen k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u2013 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng \u2013 khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0111\u1ed1ng n\u00e3o” trong th\u1eddi gian<\/span> \u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed. \u00d4ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u0169i, \u00f4m \u0111\u1ee9a con \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. Khi \u00f4ng b\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9a con l\u00ean, \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> m\u00e0 \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span> thi\u00eang li\u00eang” c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t<\/span> l\u00e0m cho kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o ch\u00fang b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc. Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/span>, hay b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n<\/span> ti\u1ebft ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y bao gi\u1edd, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129<\/span> l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t bi k\u1ecbch<\/span>, th\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a bi k\u1ecbch<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c tranh \u0111\u1ea5u<\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed7i ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span>, th\u00ec kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c: B\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Susan Blackmore: N\u1ebfu kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 khi n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 \u0111ang b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n<\/span>, t\u1ea1i sao r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/span> l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t (nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> \u1edf tr\u00ean)?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 ai t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span> ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> trong n\u00e3o b\u1ed9. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 khoa<\/span> h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Alan Hugenot l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed trung ni\u00ean nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> r\u1ea5t n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng n\u1ea3y b\u1eadt ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u00ean phong<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> ki\u1ebfp sau\u201d. Thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> gi\u1eefa v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, \u00f4ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> cho c\u1ea3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed l\u1eabn nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd<\/span> nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a Hugenot \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1ed7 h\u1ed7ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span><\/i>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3 m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/span>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 say m\u00ea tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span>. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> nh\u00e0 khoa l\u00e0 do h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng quan s\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 suy \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span>. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Hugenot, t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/span> \u00f4ng cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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“Kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3”.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nghi\u00eam trang<\/span> h\u01a1n l\u00e0 Robert Mays, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 r\u00e2u ki\u1ec3u Sigmund Freud, \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Suzanne. Mays \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> – m\u1ed9t “th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span><\/i>” \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0\u00a0Ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y x\u1ee9 Oz<\/i>\u00a0(the Wizard of Oz) k\u00e9o \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y sau m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c m\u00e0n. Mays n\u00f3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> l\u00e0: c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c xung \u0111i\u1ec7n trong n\u00e3o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n<\/span> c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00cdt nh\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u00e0 Mays tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e3o \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng\u00a0th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span><\/i>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/span> b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span><\/i>\u00a0v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t<\/span>: “M\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf”. Khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/span> thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a “tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y (energetic filed)” c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi “t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span> s\u1ed1ng trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m”. S\u1ebd t\u1ed1t th\u00f4i, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y<\/i>\u00a0th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> n\u00e0o t\u1eebng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong phong c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>, Mays, Hugenot, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span>: Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 bao tr\u00f9m n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta<\/span> bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta<\/span> mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1eadn-t\u1eed-nh\u00e2n th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span> l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ed1n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span> v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf? Khi d\u00f9ng b\u1eefa s\u00e1ng v\u1edbi Diane Corcoran, t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi b\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng ai t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span> c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> duy v\u1eadt lu\u1eadn<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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B\u00e0 n\u00f3i: “Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3”. “Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nghi v\u1ea5n”. B\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00eam: “Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span> v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u”.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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T\u00f4i n\u00f3i: “H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hoan ngh\u00eanh”.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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“C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady!”, b\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>. “Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e3o b\u1ed9”. B\u00e0 n\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng “khi ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span> m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “\u0110\u00e2y\u00a0ch\u00ednh l\u00e0<\/i>\u00a0l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch”, th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1p<\/span> l\u1ea1i. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y”.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u1ede m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span>. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nghi ho\u1eb7c<\/span> nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u h\u1ecd. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span> t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh lang kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i t\u00ecnh c\u1edd<\/span> g\u1eb7p Hugenot. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. Ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sai: V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i th\u1ea3 r\u01a1i t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111ang c\u1ea7m, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng lan ra kh\u1eafp s\u00e0n m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i l\u01a1 l\u1eedng<\/span> xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00e0nh lang, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 sai. M\u1ed7i khi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3 gia t\u0103ng<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi: Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> xem x\u00e9t<\/span> c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00fang. V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span><\/i>?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00d4ng n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> l\u1eaft l\u00e9o: N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea3 t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ed1ng? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ed1ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean. T\u00f4i di chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1i t\u00e1ch l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra<\/span> l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng c\u01b0\u1eddi to nh\u01b0ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span>, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng<\/span> t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/span> m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/span>. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i quang ph\u1ed5<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc (pseudoscience) \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span> to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/span>, v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> \u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c<\/span> n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p Mitch Liester.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Liester, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span> cao l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1eb9p trai, nam t\u00ednh, d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> Colorado v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> California t\u1ea1i Irvine, c\u00f3 phong c\u00e1ch nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp thu<\/span> \u00fd ki\u1ebfn<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi anh ta t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. Anh n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o<\/span> y khoa \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn anh ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span> v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed. Nh\u01b0ng khi anh c\u00f2n \u0111i h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a anh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 anh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u2013 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. “M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u00f4i th\u00f4i”.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Liester c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> anh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t “kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1eadn t\u1eed” \u2013 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 khi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra, anh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c<\/span> n\u00e0o. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi anh, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a anh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nhau?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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“B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> n\u00f3 l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eadt. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n<\/span> \u1edf trong ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i”.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn<\/span> trung h\u00f2a<\/span> n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 duy t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0 duy v\u1eadt? Anh th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. “R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc duy v\u1eadt<\/span> d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00eam t\u00fac … Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc”.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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V\u00e0o m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 Hai, Liester d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m chi\u1ebft trung nh\u1ecf. Nh\u00f3m bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/span>, m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u0129<\/span> c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span>, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n<\/span> nh\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0169 c\u00f4ng nh\u00f3m nh\u1ea1c th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n Native American. H\u1ecd trao \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u1edfi m\u1edf. “T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch”, anh n\u00f3i.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Trong cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t e-mail ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span>, Liester n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i<\/span> s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang h\u00f4n m\u00ea<\/span> ho\u1eb7c trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> \u201csi\u00eau vi\u1ec7t”. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p s\u01b0<\/span>. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a k\u00fd \u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi x\u1ea3y ra kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed, v\u00e0 xem ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi k\u00fd \u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o (Liester \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y). H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c<\/span> nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng\u00a0t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e3o v\u00e0o l\u00fac ch\u1ebft<\/i>\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> Michigan t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u1edf chu\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y tr\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. V\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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H\u01a1n h\u1ebft, anh cho bi\u1ebft<\/span>, d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. “N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau – v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>, m\u1eb7t x\u00fac c\u1ea3m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t sinh l\u00fd<\/span>.”<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ngay c\u1ea3 khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> cho th\u1ea5y – m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> s\u1ebd c\u00f3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u2013 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1n co th\u1eaft trong b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o \u0111ang ch\u1ebft, th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f3<\/span> l\u00fd do<\/span> ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i<\/span> vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> b\u00ed \u1ea9n<\/span> nh\u1ea5t trong khoa h\u1ecdc: \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ranh gi\u1edbi<\/span> gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho r\u1eb1ng r\u1ea5t s\u1eafc n\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o t\u1ed5ng quan g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 “C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>,” Sam Parnia th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi<\/span> ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span>, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> cho n\u00e3o khi b\u1ea1n ng\u1eebng th\u1edf trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u00fat kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu oxy. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e3o b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu oxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd m\u1edbi ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<\/span> – nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1nh – v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i<\/span> sau khi b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i trong tuy\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c r\u01a1i v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> n\u1eb7ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> oxy tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> cho t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e3o do m\u00e1u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc d\u1ed3n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng sau h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c”. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y t\u1ebf m\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i sinh<\/span> nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span> ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span> ngo\u00e0i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 – n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u khi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o ch\u1ebft? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 duy v\u1eadt<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp<\/span>: t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span> kh\u00f4ng “\u0111i” \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec chuy\u1ec7n \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y chi\u1ebfu khi b\u1ea1n t\u1eaft m\u00e1y chi\u1ebfu \u0111i. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i (emergent properties) c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111an l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111an xen \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>. George A. Mashour, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> Michigan tr\u00ean chu\u1ed9t, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> trong nh\u00f3m duy v\u1eadt<\/span>. \u00d4ng l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span> n\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh sinh ra \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3, th\u00ec th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> g\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft<\/span> s\u1ea3n sinh ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> “si\u00eau th\u1ef1c” s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. “Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc cho kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng cho n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c”, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn<\/span> trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span> x\u1ea3y ra trong n\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ch\u1ebft gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Mashour v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf chu\u1ed9t, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ea3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed l\u1eabn cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 manh m\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> sinh h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Tuy v\u1eady, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chu\u1ed9t. Mashour cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> kinh t\u1eed \u0111ang trong c\u01a1n ng\u1eebng tim v\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u00ean chu\u1ed9t, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u00e0 “soi s\u00e1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng” gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> “t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/span> gi\u1eefa n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c”.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00dd th\u1ee9c<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, khi m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span> nh\u01b0 n\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Li\u1ec7u \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00fat g\u00ec v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta? V\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch<\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra ch\u00fang? Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed, ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi l\u00fd do<\/span> l\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t<\/span> d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> mang t\u00ednh t\u00e2m<\/span> linh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lung lay. Sau h\u1ebft, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> n\u1eafm gi\u1eef d\u00f9 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i (v\u1eafc xin, hay s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u). Nh\u01b0ng khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1o<\/span> ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/span> ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0<\/span> c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span> to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/span>, nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh duy v\u1eadt lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> g\u00e2y ra kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed. Chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec sau \u0111\u00f3? Li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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T\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span> – th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t – cho t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 duy v\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee9ng c\u1ecfi v\u1eabn c\u00f3<\/span> th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2<\/span> c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> l\u00e0 ai.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Susan Blackmore, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi<\/span> m\u1ec1m m\u1ecfng<\/span>, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span>. B\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span> trong e-mail g\u1eedi cho t\u00f4i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi g\u1eaft g\u1ecfng<\/span> d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh<\/span> tr\u1eafng \u0111en m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00edch<\/span> gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed l\u00e0 “\u0111\u00fang th\u1eadt, tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/span>, th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh<\/span>, vv” [so v\u1edbi] kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed “CH\u1ec8 L\u00c0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng”. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1eadn t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/span>, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i tr\u0103n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n:\u00a0http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/features\/archive\/2015\/03\/the-science-of-near-death-experiences\/386231\/<\/span><\/div>\n

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