{"id":7556,"date":"2020-12-04T22:51:53","date_gmt":"2020-12-04T15:51:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/04\/van-de-chung-tanh-giai-cap-toi-thang-qua-van-he-nikaya-va-a-ham\/"},"modified":"2020-12-04T22:51:53","modified_gmt":"2020-12-04T15:51:53","slug":"van-de-chung-tanh-giai-cap-toi-thang-qua-van-he-nikaya-va-a-ham","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/04\/van-de-chung-tanh-giai-cap-toi-thang-qua-van-he-nikaya-va-a-ham\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 Ch\u1ee7ng T\u00e1nh\/ Giai C\u1ea5p T\u1ed1i Th\u1eafng Qua V\u0103n H\u1ec7 Nikaya v\u00e0 A H\u00e0m"},"content":{"rendered":"

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V\u1ec0 V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0<\/span> CH\u1ee6NG T\u00c1NH\/GIAI C\u1ea4P T\u1ed0I TH\u1eaeNG<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

QUA V\u0102N H\u1ec6 NIK\u0100YA V\u00c0 A-H\u00c0M<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n


Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u00ean<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

*******<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

I.\u00a0 <\/b>\u00dd NGH\u0128A<\/span> T\u1eea CH\u1ee6NG T\u00c1NH<\/span> TRONG KINH \u0110I\u1ec2N \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA<\/span> <\/b><\/span>
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi truy nguy\u00ean<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> t\u1eeb ch\u00fang t\u00e1nh trong v\u0103n h\u1ec7 Nik\u0101ya P\u0101li v\u00e0 A-h\u00e0m, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111i qua \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc<\/span> \u1edf n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> hay kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> t\u1ea1m m\u01b0\u1ee3n kinh Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0, thu\u1ed9c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/span>
Kinh Saddharmala<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101vat\u0101ras\u016btram<\/i>, H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba<\/span> Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 kinh<\/span>[1], \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span>
\u201cpa\u00f1ca abhisamayagotr\u0101<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>i … \u015br\u0101vakay\u0101n\u0101bhisamayagotra<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>, pratyekabuddha-, tath\u0101gata, anitya-taikataragotra<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> agotram<\/i>[2]<\/b><\/i>\u201d: \u201cPh\u1eadt y tr\u00ean n\u0103m h\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> n\u0103m th\u1eeba[3]: Ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> Thanh v\u0103n th\u1eeba<\/span>; B\u00edch-chi-ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba; Nh\u01b0 lai th\u1eeba<\/span>; B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> th\u1eeba; v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh<\/span> th\u1eeba.<\/span>
C\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n lai<\/span> c\u00f3 n\u0103m ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span> ph\u00e1p nh\u0129<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sinh do b\u1edfi<\/span> hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp<\/span>. T\u1ea1i sao\u00a0? Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 2<\/i>[4] n\u00f3i r\u00f5, v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u0103m th\u1eeba do hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>:<\/span>
\u201cPunar mah\u0101mate pa\u00f1c\u0101bhisamayagotr\u0101<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>i. katam\u0101ni pa\u00f1ca? yad uta \u015br\u0101vakay\u0101n\u0101bhi-samayagotra<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>, pratyekabuddhay\u0101na-, tath\u0101gatay\u0101na-, aniyataikataragotra<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>, agotra<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>\u201d:\u00a0 N\u00e0y \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7<\/span>, c\u00f3 n\u0103m ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0, ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> Thanh v\u0103n th\u1eeba<\/span>, ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c th\u1eeba<\/span>, ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> Nh\u01b0 lai th\u1eeba<\/span>, ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span>.<\/span>
Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a kinh L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span><\/i> ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u1edf V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng y kinh<\/span> 1<\/i>[5], hay Thi\u1ec7n d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh<\/span> b\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 1<\/i> t\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3-ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a kinh<\/i>, quy\u1ec3n 593, h\u1ed9i th\u1ee9 16[6]<\/span>H\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng th\u1eeba n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 t\u00f9y theo<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>; g\u1eb7p nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> v\u1edbi th\u1eeba n\u00e0o th\u00ec ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span> trong th\u1eeba \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span>, m\u00e0 kinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t-xi\u1ec3n-\u0111\u1ec1, l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u201d.<\/span>
C\u0169ng theo kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i>: \u201cNh\u1ea5t-xi\u1ec3n-\u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n t\u00e1nh. H\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00edn t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u201d[7].<\/span>
Nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00e1nh: Nh\u00e1nh \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n<\/span> do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 thi\u1ec7n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Nh\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 hai, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t do \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> n\u00ean v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n[8].<\/span>
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 trong kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i> g\u1ed3m: Ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> Thanh v\u0103n th\u1eeba<\/span>; B\u00edch-chi-ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba; Nh\u01b0 lai th\u1eeba<\/span>; B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> th\u1eeba; v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh<\/span> th\u1eeba.<\/span>
Ngo\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, trong v\u0103n h\u1ec7 P\u0101li v\u00e0 A-h\u00e0m t\u1eeb Sanskrit gotra<\/i>: ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span>, P\u0101li g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gotta<\/i>: ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span> c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> kh\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: S\u00e1t-l\u1ecb, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, C\u01b0 s\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Th\u1ee7-\u0111\u00e0-la[9].<\/span><\/p>\n

II. <\/b>CH\u1ee6NG T\u00c1NH\/GIAI C\u1ea4P N\u00c0O L\u00c0 T\u1ed0I TH\u1eaeNG?<\/b><\/span>
M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, khi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh X\u00e1-v\u1ec7, trong v\u01b0\u1eddn Thanh T\u00edn, gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> L\u1ed9c M\u1eabu<\/span>, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span> T\u1ef3-kheo. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span>
\u201cN\u00e0y B\u00e0-t\u1ea5t-tra, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span>, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c; c\u00f3 k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed khen, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed ch\u00ea. B\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0: S\u00e1tl\u1ecb, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, C\u01b0 s\u1ef9, Th\u1ee7-\u0111\u00e0-la\u201d[10]<\/b><\/i>.<\/span>
V\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> hay ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span> n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> trong b\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y:<\/span>
\u00a0\u201cKhattiyo se<\/i>\u1e6d\u1e6d<\/i>ho janetasmi<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>, ye gottapa<\/i>\u1e6d<\/i>is\u0101rino<\/i>\u201d[11]:<\/span>
\u201cNh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span>, th\u00ec S\u00e1t-l\u1ee3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i t\u00f4n\u201d.<\/span>
T\u1eeb ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span> P\u0101li g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gotta, <\/i>n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp, t\u1ea7ng b\u1eadc, t\u1eeb Sanskrit t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gotra<\/i>: ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span>, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span> (b\u012bja<\/i>), l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi (dh\u0101tu<\/i>), l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh (prak<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>ti<\/i>).<\/span>
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh v\u0103n, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span> h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> hay giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/span>
*<\/b>Kinh Ti<\/b>\u1ec3<\/b>u Duy\u00ean[12]<\/b><\/b>: <\/b><\/span>
L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i X\u00e1-v\u1ec7, trong v\u01b0\u1eddn Thanh T\u00edn, gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> L\u1ed9c M\u1eabu<\/span>, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span> T\u1ef3-kheo m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1ecb.<\/span>
T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t, qua b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> sau:<\/span>
“Trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, S\u00e1t-l\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t<\/i><\/span>
V\u1edbi ai y ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span><\/i><\/span>
Minh H\u00e0nh<\/span> th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/i><\/span>
B\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t trong Tr\u1eddi-Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i>“[13]<\/b><\/b><\/span>Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n \u1edf trong \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh<\/span> 1<\/i>, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m<\/i> c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y<\/span>:<\/span>
\u201c \u751f\u4e2d\u524e \u5229\u52dd<\/span>
\u80fd\u6368\u7a2e\u59d3\u53bb”[14]<\/b><\/b>:<\/span>
\u201cTrong \u0111\u1eddi S\u00e1t-l\u1ecb l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t;<\/span>
Ai hay r\u1eddi b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span>.\u201d<\/span>
C\u00e2u n\u00e0y P\u0101li c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u201ckhattiyo se<\/i>\u1e6d\u1e6d<\/i>ho janetasmi<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>, ye gottapa<\/i>\u1e6d<\/i>is\u0101rino<\/i>\u201d: v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai y ch\u1ec9<\/span> ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> (giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>), s\u00e1t-l\u1ecb l\u00e0 b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t trong lo\u00e0i th\u1ecd sinh.\u00a0<\/span>
B\u1ea3n H\u00e1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 gottaniss\u0101rino<\/i>: hi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh \u80fd\u6368\u7a2e\u59d3\u53bb[15]<\/b><\/b>: nh\u1eefng ai r\u1eddi b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span>. C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung to\u00e0n kinh v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch H\u00e1n b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> trong kinh A-ma-tr\u00fa s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u1edf b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u0169ng \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m. N\u00ean c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo<\/span> \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i l\u00e0: V\u1edbi ai y ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span>. <\/i>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi P\u0101li v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kinh v\u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/span>
*<\/b>Kinh A-ma-tr\u00fa[16]<\/b><\/b><\/span>
M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf-T\u00f4n du h\u00e0nh<\/span> n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e2u-t\u00e1t-la, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span> T\u1ef3-kheo, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Y-xa-n\u0103ng-gi\u00e0-la, th\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u1edf C\u00e2u-t\u00e1t-la. Ng\u00e0i ngh\u1ec9 \u0111\u00eam t\u1ea1i r\u1eebng Y-xa. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean t\u1ef1<\/span> m\u00ecnh n\u00f3i b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> r\u1eb1ng:<\/span>
\u201cTrong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, S\u00e1t-l\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t,<\/i><\/span>
V\u1edbi ai y ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span><\/i><\/span>
Minh, H\u00e0nh th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7,<\/i><\/span>
T\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span> gi\u1eefa Tr\u1eddi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i>\u201d[17].<\/span>
B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf-T\u00f4n b\u1ea3o Ma n\u1ea1p<\/span> \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> \u6469\u7d0d\u5f1f\u5b50 (P\u0101li. m\u0101<\/i>\u1e47<\/i>avo antev\u0101si<\/i>) t\u1ee9c thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 h\u1ea7u c\u1eadn tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i r\u1eb1ng:<\/span>
\u201cPh\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean n\u00f3i b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> n\u00e0y, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 n\u00f3i kh\u00e9o ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9o. Ta c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00ec sao? Nay, nh\u01b0 Ta, Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, Ch\u00ed Ch\u00e2n, \u0110\u1eb3ng Ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1c<\/span>, c\u0169ng n\u00f3i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3:<\/span>
Trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, S\u00e1t-l\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t, <\/i><\/span>
V\u1edbi ai y ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span>. <\/i><\/span>
Minh, H\u00e0nh th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, <\/i><\/span>
T\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span> gi\u1eefa Tr\u1eddi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i>“[18]<\/span>*<\/b>Kinh Kh\u1edfi <\/b>T<\/b>h\u1ebf <\/b>N<\/b>h\u00e2n <\/b>B<\/b>\u1ed5n<\/b>, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/span><\/b>[19]<\/b><\/b>.<\/b><\/span>
M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i X\u00e1-v\u1ec7, Th\u00e0nh T\u00edn<\/span> Vi\u00ean l\u00e2m, \u1edf l\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a L\u1ed9c M\u1eabu Gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> d\u1ea1y V\u0101settha v\u1ec1 giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0<\/span> sau:<\/span>
“<\/b>N\u00e0y V\u0101settha, v\u00ec r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai trong b\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A la h\u00e1n<\/span>, c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t, ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp v\u1eefng, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i<\/span> l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng<\/span> xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, h\u1eefu ki\u1ebft s\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t, nh\u1edd ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> so s\u00e1nh<\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>, v\u00ec x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi<\/span> Ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi<\/span> Ph\u00e1p.<\/span>
“N\u00e0y V\u0101settha, b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span> Sanamkum\u0101ra[20] tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft<\/span>:<\/span>
\u201cCh\u00fang sanh<\/span> tin giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>, <\/i><\/span>
S\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebf l\u1ef5 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span>. <\/i><\/span>
Ai \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ee9c, <\/i><\/span>
T\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span> gi\u1eefa Nh\u00e2n, Thi\u00ean<\/i>.<\/span>
\u201cN\u00e0y V\u0101settha, b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span> Sanamkum\u0101ra, kh\u00e9o h\u00e1t ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ee5ng h\u00e1t, kh\u00e9o n\u00f3i ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ee5ng n\u00f3i, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ta ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>.<\/span>
\u201cN\u00e0y V\u0101settha, Ta c\u0169ng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span>
Ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> tin giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>, <\/i><\/span>
S\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebf l\u1ef5 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span>. <\/i><\/span>
Ai \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ee9c, <\/i><\/span>
T\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span> gi\u1eefa Nh\u00e2n, Thi\u00ean<\/i>.”<\/span>
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, qua kinh Kh\u1edfi Th\u1ebf Nh\u00e2n B\u1ed5n<\/i> thu\u1ed9c v\u0103n h\u1ec7 P\u0101li, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng vi\u1ec7c Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span> Sanamkum\u0101ra tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1ec1 giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i cho V\u0101settha nghe b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> kia.<\/span>
*Kinh B\u00e0 La<\/span> B\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/i><\/b>[21]<\/span>M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> du h\u00f3a<\/span> n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e1-v\u1ec7, tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, trong gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> L\u1ed9c t\u1eed m\u1eabu<\/span>. L\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/span> Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> d\u1ea1y cho B\u00e0-t\u01b0-tra nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span>
“N\u00e0y B\u00e0-t\u01b0-tra, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ba giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> khi\u1ebfn cho kh\u00f4ng<\/span> ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00f9ng tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>, thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh khen ng\u1ee3i ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng khen ng\u1ee3i. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ba? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: d\u00f2ng S\u00e1t-l\u1ee3i, d\u00f2ng Ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed<\/span>, d\u00f2ng C\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>.<\/i><\/span>
[…]\u00a0<\/span>
\u201cN\u00e0y B\u00e0-t\u01b0-tra, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span> v\u1ec1 ba ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> n\u00e0y v\u1eady.<\/span>
\u201cPh\u1ea1m thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> ch\u00faa\u00a0n\u00f3i b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span>:<\/i><\/span>
Lo\u00e0i hai ch\u00e2n, S\u00e1t-l\u1ee3i t\u1ed1i t\u00f4n,<\/i><\/span>
\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span>.<\/i><\/span>
Nh\u1eefng ai c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc Minh v\u00e0 H\u1ea1nh,<\/i><\/span>
V\u1ecb \u1ea5y, Thi\u00ean, Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span>.<\/i><\/span>
\u201cN\u00e0y B\u00e0-t\u01b0-tra, Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ebf ch\u00faa kh\u00e9o n\u00f3i b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9o, kh\u00e9o ca ng\u01a1i, ph\u00fang t\u1ee5ng<\/span> ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9o, kh\u00e9o ng\u00e2m v\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9o, n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y:<\/span>
Lo\u00e0i hai ch\u00e2n, S\u00e1t-l\u1ee3i t\u1ed1i t\u00f4n,<\/i><\/span>
\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span>.<\/i><\/span>
Nh\u1eefng ai c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc Minh v\u00e0 H\u1ea1nh,<\/i><\/span>
V\u1ecb \u1ea5y, Thi\u00ean, Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span>.<\/i><\/span>
\u201cV\u00ec sao? V\u00ec Ta c\u0169ng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady:<\/i><\/span>
Lo\u00e0i hai ch\u00e2n, S\u00e1t-l\u1ee3i t\u1ed1i t\u00f4n,<\/i><\/span>
\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span>.<\/i><\/span>
Nh\u1eefng ai c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc Minh v\u00e0 H\u1ea1nh,<\/i><\/span>
V\u1ecb \u1ea5y, Thi\u00ean, Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span>.\u201d[22]<\/b><\/i><\/span>
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, qua kinh n\u00e0y Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span> S\u00e1t-l\u1ee3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i t\u00f4n trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng<\/span> t\u1ed9c.<\/span>
*Kinh Ph\u1ea1m Ch\u00faa[23]<\/b><\/b><\/span>M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y<\/span> b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, b\u00ean s\u00f4ng Ni-li\u00ean-thi\u1ec1n, t\u1ea1i t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1c<\/span> U\u1ea5t-b\u1ec1-la, khi \u1ea5y ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> ch\u01b0a bao l\u00e2u.<\/span>
B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, c\u00f3 Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> Ta-b\u00e0, v\u1edbi s\u1eafc th\u00e2n<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u<\/span>, v\u00e0o l\u00fac cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u00eam, \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>, c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00ednh l\u1ec5<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>, r\u1ed3i ng\u1ed3i lui qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u00f3i k\u1ec7:<\/span>
\u201c\u1ede trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng<\/span> t\u00e1nh, <\/i><\/span>
L\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00fac t\u00f4n<\/span> S\u00e1t-l\u1ee3i; <\/i><\/span>
B\u1eadc Minh H\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, <\/i><\/span>
T\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span> trong lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/i>\u201d[24].<\/span>
B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd Th\u1ebf-T\u00f4n ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau: \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean! \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean!<\/span>
\u201c\u1ede trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng<\/span> t\u00e1nh, <\/i><\/span>
L\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00fac t\u00f4n<\/span> S\u00e1t-l\u1ee3i; <\/i><\/span>
B\u1eadc Minh H\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, <\/i><\/span>
T\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span> trong lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/i>.”[25]<\/span>Trong b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201c\u1ede trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng<\/span> t\u00e1nh, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00fac t\u00f4n<\/span> S\u00e1t-l\u1ee3i\u201d, P\u0101li t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u n\u00e0y: \u201ckhattiyo se<\/i>\u1e6d\u1e6d<\/i>ho janetasmi<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>, ye gottapa<\/i>\u1e6d<\/i>is\u0101rino<\/i>\u201d[26]: nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span>, th\u00ec S\u00e1t-l\u1ee3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i t\u00f4n.<\/span><\/p>\n

III. <\/b>K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/span><\/b><\/span>
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, qua v\u00e0i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn<\/span> t\u1eeb kinh v\u0103n \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf-T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> S\u00e1t-l\u1ee3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> t\u1ed1i t\u00f4n hay giai c\u1ea5p<\/span> b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p<\/span><\/i>.<\/span>
Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00f9y v\u00e0o c\u0103n c\u01a1<\/span>, qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> hay th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft<\/span> sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u1edf trong \u00a0Kinh Trung A-h\u00e0m,<\/i> <\/i>Kinh Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft Tr\u00ed<\/span><\/i>, <\/i>s\u1ed1 212<\/i>, <\/b>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span> n\u00e0y, S\u00e1t-l\u1ee3i, Ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed<\/span>, C\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span> v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng s\u01b0, ch\u00fang b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n k\u00e9m, kh\u00f4ng sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1eady<\/i>“[27].<\/span>
V\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c<\/span>, khi \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> \u0111ang du h\u00f3a<\/span> t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e1-v\u1ec7, trong r\u1eebng Th\u1eafng, v\u01b0\u1eddn C\u1ea5p c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span>,\u00a0 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u00e0y Ma-n\u1ea1p, tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia ng\u01b0\u01a1i khen ng\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span>, sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u01a1i khen ng\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi<\/span>. N\u00e0y Ma-n\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ta n\u00f3i b\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span> hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u0169ng n\u00f3i b\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span> hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/span>.<\/i>\u201d[28]<\/span>N\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span>[29] trong vi\u1ec7c thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 thi thi\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span>, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span> tr\u00ean trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp<\/span> Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> v\u00f4 l\u1eadu<\/span>, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> sinh t\u1eed<\/span>.<\/span>
\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[1] L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0<\/i>, B\u1ea3n 10 quy\u1ec3n; T16n0671, tr.526c8.<\/span>
[2] La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101vat\u0101ra<\/i>, Nanjio tr. 64.<\/span>
[3] Th\u1eeba Skt. y\u0101n<\/i>a.<\/i> C\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>: y\u0101na<\/i>: \u201cc\u1ed7 xe\u201d v\u1edbi yana<\/i>, \u201cm\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d.<\/span>
[4] T16n671, tr. 526c8. Cf. Skt. La<\/i>\u1e45<\/i>k\u0101 <\/i>p. 63.<\/span>
[5] D\u1eabn theo Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd<\/i>, ghi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i16, s\u1ed1 669, ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> s\u1ed1 trang.<\/span>
[6] T7n220, tr. 1066a29; Skt. Suvikr\u0101ntavikr\u0101maparip<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>cch\u0101<\/i>.<\/span>
[7] Ibid., tr. 527a29.<\/span>
[8] Skt. ibid., tr. 66: icchantika.<\/i><\/span>
[9] Cf. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Ti\u1ec3u Duy\u00ean Kinh<\/i>, \u0110\u1ea1i 1, tr. 37a.<\/span>
[10] Ibid., tr. 37a.<\/span>
[11] P\u0101li, S.6.11. Sana<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>kum\u0101ra<\/i>.<\/i><\/span>
[12] Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m<\/i>, \u0110\u1ea1i 1, tr. 36b29.<\/span>
[13] Ibid., tr. 39a.<\/span>
[14] Ibid., tr. 39a.<\/span>
[15] Ibid., tr. 39a.<\/span>
[16] Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m, \u0110\u1ea1i 1, tr. 83b.<\/span>
[17] \u0110\u1ea1i 1, tr. 83b.<\/span>
[18] \u0110\u1ea1i 1, tr. 83b.<\/span>
[19] Digha Nikaya, Agganna sutta 27.<\/span>
[20] H\u00e1n: Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>.<\/span>
[21] Cf. Kinh Trung A-h\u00e0m<\/i>, kinh 154. Pali t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng: Aga\u00f1\u00f1asuttanta<\/i>. B\u1ea3n H\u00e1n, quy\u1ec3n 39. P\u0101li, D.27, H\u00e1n, bi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m<\/i> 5<\/i>, \u201cKinh Ti\u1ec3u Duy\u00ean\u201d; No.10 Ph\u1eadt Thuy\u1ebft<\/span> B\u1ea1ch Y<\/span> Kim Tr\u00e0ng<\/span> Nh\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi<\/span> Kinh<\/i>, T\u1ed1ng, Thi H\u1ed9<\/span> d\u1ecbch.<\/span>
[22] Kinh Trung A-h\u00e0m<\/i>, kinh 154. Pali t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng: Aga\u00f1\u00f1asuttanta<\/i>.<\/span>
[23] T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m<\/i>, Kinh 1190, P\u0101li, S.6.11. Sana<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>kum\u0101ra<\/i>. Bi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch, \u2116100 (103).<\/span>
[24] T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m<\/i>, Kinh 1190, P\u0101li, S.6.11.<\/span>
[25] T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m<\/i>, Kinh 1190, P\u0101li, S.6.11.<\/span>
[26] P\u0101li, S.6.11. Sana<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>kum\u0101ra<\/i><\/span>
[27] \u0110\u1ea1i 1, tr. 648a.<\/span>
[28] Cf. Kinh Trung A-h\u00e0m kinh 151<\/i>: Kinh Ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed<\/span> A-nhi\u1ebfp-h\u00f2a<\/i>. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng P\u0101li M.93 Assal\u0101yana-sutta<\/i>. H\u00e1n, bi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch No.71 Ph\u1ea1m Ch\u00ed<\/span> An-ba-la-di\u00ean V\u1ea5n Ch\u1ee7ng T\u00f4n Kinh<\/span><\/i>, \u0110\u00f4ng T\u1ea5n, Tr\u00fac \u0110\u00e0m-v\u00f4-lan d\u1ecbch.<\/span>
[29] Skt. Up\u0101yakau\u015balya<\/i> , H\u00e1n phi\u00ean \u00e2m \u00e2u-h\u00f2a c\u00e2u-x\u00e1-la<\/i>, up\u0101ya<\/i>: ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n I<\/i>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111i <\/i>hay \u0111\u1ebfn<\/i>, v\u00e0 upa<\/i>, ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n<\/span>, hay v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> \u1edf g\u1ea7n hay \u1edf tr\u00ean; kau\u015balya<\/i>, m\u00e0 g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 do h\u00ecnh dung<\/span> t\u1eeb ku\u015bala<\/i>: thi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> hay kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1eafng tr\u00ed,\u201d l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129a tr\u00ed<\/span> tu\u1ec7 nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n. Cf. Duy ma kinh ngh\u0129a s\u1edb<\/span><\/i>, Gia T\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00e1t T\u1ea1ng<\/span>, T38 N1781, tr. 931b18: \u68b5\u97f3\u7a31\u6f1a\u548c\u62d8\u820d\u7f85\u3002\u6b64\u4e91\u65b9\u4fbf\u52dd\u667a.<\/span>
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n

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