{"id":7560,"date":"2020-12-04T23:10:02","date_gmt":"2020-12-04T16:10:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/04\/tong-luan-ve-y-nghia-tu-sila-hoc-xu\/"},"modified":"2020-12-04T23:10:02","modified_gmt":"2020-12-04T16:10:02","slug":"tong-luan-ve-y-nghia-tu-sila-hoc-xu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/04\/tong-luan-ve-y-nghia-tu-sila-hoc-xu\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng Lu\u1eadn V\u1ec1 \u00dd Ngh\u0129a T\u1eeb Sila – H\u1ecdc X\u1ee9"},"content":{"rendered":"

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T\u1ed4NG LU\u1eacN V\u1ec0 \u00dd NGH\u0128A<\/span> T\u1eea \u015a\u012aLA – H\u1eccC X\u1ee8<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u00ean<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u01a1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span> t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf-T\u00f4n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u015a\u012bla<\/i>: h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span>, h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi<\/span>,… n\u00ean h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span>. Cho n\u00ean, mu\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh<\/span> b\u1ea5t sanh<\/span>, b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t<\/span>, b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span>, b\u1ea5t lai<\/span>, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ee9, b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> ph\u1ea3i \u0111i b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Anh L\u1ea1c B\u1ea3n Nghi\u1ec7p Kinh<\/span><\/i>: \u201cNh\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> s\u01a1 nh\u1eadp tam b\u1ea3o<\/span> h\u1ea3i d\u0129 t\u00edn vi b\u1ea3n, tr\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i ph\u1eadt gia<\/span> d\u0129 gi\u1edbi vi b\u1ea3n\u201d[1]: H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> khi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3n Tam b\u1ea3o<\/span> l\u1ea5y t\u00edn l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c; khi s\u1ed1ng trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ec l\u1ea5y gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> kh\u1edfi sinh t\u1eeb n\u01a1i t\u01b0 t\u00e2m<\/span> s\u1edf hay t\u1eeb n\u01a1i \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tha thi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p<\/span> h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>. H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u01a1i h\u1eefu t\u00e1c<\/span> gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> v\u00f4 t\u00e1c gi\u1edbi<\/span> th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span>, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u015a\u012bla: <\/i>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n\u2026ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n, r\u0103n \u0111e nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n kh\u1eafc khe. H\u00e1n phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 Thi la<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span>, h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi<\/span> hay ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng<\/span> d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u015a\u012bla<\/i> hay h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1nh xa<\/span><\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, v\u00ec tr\u00e1nh xa hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> \u00e9p x\u00e1c<\/span> kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng lung<\/span> trong c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1nh xa kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh<\/i>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> an l\u1ea1c<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1nh xa bu\u00f4ng lung<\/span> trong c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c<\/i>: V\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea1y theo<\/span> c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00ea ti\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 an \u1ed5n<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 thi thi\u1ebft l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng<\/span> tr\u00e1nh xa hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> \u1ea5y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. Trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> gi\u1eefa, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> \u2013 \u00e9p x\u00e1c<\/span> kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng lung<\/span> theo c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u1ea5y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn sinh d\u1eabn t\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh<\/span>, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi kh\u00e1t \u00e1i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span><\/span><\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> hay t\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> nh\u01b0: s\u00e1t sanh<\/span>, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/span>, t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, v\u1ecdng ng\u1eef<\/span>,… V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> c\u00e1c t\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1nh Nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> t\u1eeb Sanskirt l\u00e0 Samyakkarm\u0101nta<\/i>, P\u0101li g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Samm\u0101kammanta<\/i>. Karm\u0101nta<\/i> c\u1ee7a Sanskrit, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n k<\/i>\u1e5b<\/i>: t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng,… H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch Samyakkarm\u0101nta<\/i> l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>; Anh ng\u1eef g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Right action, Right occupation,… T\u1eeb Samyak<\/i>: c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span>, \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span>,\u2026H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0: Ch\u00e1nh, Tr\u1ef1c. Anh ng\u1eef d\u1ecbch l\u00e0: Right. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb t\u1eeb Samyak <\/i>n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span>. H\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span> \u1edf hai phi\u00ean di\u1ec7n: Th\u00e2n v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea9u.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n c\u1eadn<\/span><\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7, Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111i, H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ebfp h\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/b>: <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba<\/span> c\u00e1c \u00e1c ph\u00e1p<\/span> thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u1eef. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba<\/span> c\u00e1c \u00e1c ph\u00e1p<\/span> thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u00dd.\u00a0 V\u00ec \u00fd th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c<\/span> ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n phi ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 n\u0103m c\u0103n m\u00f4n<\/span>: nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn n\u0103m tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh<\/span>: s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn sinh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span><\/span><\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u. V\u00ec th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c \u00e1c<\/span> nghi\u1ec7p, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u00dd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 b\u1edfi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t \u00e1i<\/span> b\u1ecb ki\u1ebfm Tu\u1ec7 ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ee9t. Do \u0111\u00f3, sanh t\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn. N\u00ean h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng<\/span><\/span><\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec \u015a\u012bla<\/i> \u2013 h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span>, ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u phi ph\u00e1p<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng<\/span>, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> t\u1eeb th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> ph\u1ea1m h\u00e0nh<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c oai nghi<\/span>, nh\u01b0 \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m, ng\u1ed3i. Th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng<\/span> t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m, c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng<\/span> th\u00e1o g\u1ee1<\/span> t\u1eebng s\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span> vi t\u1ebf<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u, \u0111ang ki\u1ec1m h\u00e3m<\/span> th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u trong s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1<\/span><\/span><\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>, ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u phi ph\u00e1p<\/span> thu\u1ed9c th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u do t\u00f9y theo<\/span> gi\u1edbi b\u1ed5n<\/span>; th\u1ebf n\u00ean, h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e2ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 G\u00ecn gi\u1eef<\/span><\/span><\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb Sanskrit \u015a\u012bla <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb Sanskrit Upadh\u0101rana, <\/i>ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 t\u1eeb Upa<\/i>: ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, Dh\u0101rana: <\/i>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef<\/span>, th\u00e2u nhi\u1ebfp, v.v.. c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0a cao. N\u00ean Upadh\u0101rana <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef<\/span> hay ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng l\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef<\/span>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> ph\u1ea1m h\u00e0nh<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng l\u00ean t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n cao qu\u00fd, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n<\/span> sang h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span>, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00e2ng t\u1eeb sinh t\u1eed<\/span> l\u00ean Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean \u015a\u012bla <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb Sanskrit Upadh\u0101rana <\/i>v\u00ec n\u00f3 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef<\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u00eau thi\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> th\u00ec c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu l\u1eadu<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thanh L\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/span><\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb Sankrit: \u015a\u012btala <\/i>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u00e1t m\u1ebb<\/span>, t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00e1t, \u00eam di\u1ec7u, tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span> v.v.. H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, Anh ng\u1eef chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Clear and cool; clear, pure v.v..<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng oi b\u1ee9c kh\u1ed5 \u0111au do th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u00eam di\u1ec7u, t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00e1t v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u. Cho n\u00ean \u015a\u012bla <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u015a\u012btala <\/i>\u2013 Thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span><\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7u H\u00e0nh<\/span> l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ch\u1eef Sanskrit Sucarita<\/i>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span> th\u00f9 di\u1ec7u, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 di\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh<\/span>, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span> \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, r\u1eddi xa ch\u1ed7 nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> b\u00ecnh an<\/span> \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0 T\u00e2m<\/span> S\u1edf<\/span><\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo ng\u00e0i V\u0101subandhu (Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n<\/span>) th\u00ec T\u01b0 hay \u00dd ch\u00ed<\/span> (cetan\u0101<\/i>) c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i: Th\u1ea9m l\u1ef1 t\u01b0, Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> t\u01b0 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0[2].<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi sinh t\u1eeb T\u01b0 T\u00e2m<\/span> S\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>: \u201cK\u1ec3 t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> s\u00e1t sanh<\/span>, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> v\u1ecdng ng\u1eef<\/span> \u2026<\/i>\u201d V\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y t\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span>, lu\u00f4n \u0111i k\u00e8m b\u1ea3y trong m\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> thi\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> phi ph\u00e1p<\/span> tr\u00ean. N\u00ean \u015a\u012bla <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> l\u00e0 Cetan\u0101 <\/i>hay r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u00e2m<\/span> s\u1edf.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span> Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh<\/span><\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> t\u1eeb t\u00e2m<\/span> s\u1edf th\u1ecd, t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span> h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span> s\u1ef1 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh: t\u1eeb Sanskrit l\u00e0 Sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>sk\u0101ra<\/i>, P\u0101li g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Samkhara<\/i>, Sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>sk\u0101ra <\/i>c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n Sam-skri<\/i>, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi<\/span> nhau. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n Sams-kri<\/i> th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/span>, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/span> v\u00e0 Sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>sk\u0101ra<\/i> l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/span>, s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> x\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbp, t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span>. H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch Sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>sk\u0101ra<\/i> l\u00e0 H\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span>… Theo ng\u00e0i Budhagho\u1e63a, th\u00ec H\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng, l\u1ea5y n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> l\u00e0m d\u1ee5ng, l\u1ea5y \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y v\u00f4 minh<\/span> l\u00e0m duy\u00ean[3]<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng: Sanskrit g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>j\u00f1\u0101<\/i>: c\u0103n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb l\u00e0 j\u00f1\u0101<\/i> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span>, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> v.v..<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb Sanskrit \u015a\u012blana<\/i>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span>, li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/span>, n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft, g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v.v.. V\u00ec \u015a\u012bla<\/i>-h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u1eef. N\u00ean \u015a\u012bla <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb Sanskrit \u015a\u012blana<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span><\/span><\/b>:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n<\/span> t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/span>, l\u00e0 b\u1edd \u0111\u00ea ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 \u00e1c ph\u00e1p<\/span>. N\u1ebfu v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng thi h\u00e0nh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ecn gi\u1eef<\/span> th\u00ec r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/span>. Ch\u1eef \u201cT\u1ed9i\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span> \u2026 b\u1ecb b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5<\/span><\/b>:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> do \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb n\u01a1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span> Nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, n\u00ean h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> \u1ea5y, l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9<\/span><\/span><\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9<\/span> c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng phi ph\u00e1p<\/span>, c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span> x\u1ea5u \u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a, nh\u01b0ng ngh\u0129a c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi \u00e1c ph\u00e1p<\/span> x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u1ecd tr\u00ec<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt Nghi<\/span>:<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb Sanskrit g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>vara<\/i>: ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, do \u0111i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n vs: <\/i>bao tr\u00f9m, ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>,.. H\u00e1n \u00a0d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt nghi<\/span> v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m c\u1ea3n, khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m, quy ph\u1ea1m<\/span> lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7<\/span> v.v.. nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 c\u0103n m\u00f4n<\/span>, hay c\u0103n lu\u1eadt nghi<\/span>, Sanskrit g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 indriya-sa\u1e43vara, P\u0101li l\u00e0 indriyesu guttadv\u0101ro, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: canh ch\u1eebng c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda n\u01a1i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan<\/span>. Kinh n\u00f3i: \u201cSo cakkhun\u0101 r\u016bpa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> disv\u0101 na nimittagg\u0101h\u012b hoti (\u2026) rakkhati cakkhundriya<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>, cakkhundriye sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>vara<\/i>\u1e43<\/i> \u0101pajjati. Sotena (\u2026)<\/i>\u201d[4]: \u201cV\u1ecb t\u1ef7-kheo \u1ea5y, khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm ch\u1eb7t<\/span> c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> (\u2026), gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span> gi\u00e1c quan<\/span> con m\u1eaft, canh ch\u1eebng n\u01a1i gi\u00e1c quan<\/span> con m\u1eaft\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i lu\u1eadt nghi<\/span>: c\u0103n lu\u1eadt nghi<\/span>[5], ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan<\/span>; bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t lu\u1eadt nghi<\/span>[6], ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u1ecd; v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu lu\u1eadt nghi<\/span>[7], ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 do ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u00f4 l\u1eadu<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo Ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n<\/span> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> trong C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 <\/i>lu\u1eadn: Lu\u1eadt nghi<\/span> (sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>vara<\/i>) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0 (cetana<\/i>) c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c<\/span> (sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>v<\/i>\u1e5b\u1e47<\/i>otti<\/i>) th\u00e2n ng\u1eef sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua vi\u1ec7c c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft<\/span> (vidhi<\/i>) kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/span>, qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span>; v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh<\/span> lu\u1eadt nghi<\/span> bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>[8]. V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n<\/span> c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: lu\u1eadt nghi<\/span> (sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>vara<\/i>), c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu th\u00fac (sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>v<\/i>\u1e5b\u1e47<\/i>oti<\/i>) v\u00e0 tr\u1eeb di\u1ec7t<\/span> ho\u1eb7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00e1c gi\u1edbi<\/span> (dau<\/i>\u1e25\u1e63<\/i>\u012blyaprabandha<\/i>)[9].<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/span>. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7; hai l\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0m sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u00f4 l\u1eadu<\/span>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span>. H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/span> l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> t\u00e0 h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh<\/span>, di\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh<\/span>, t\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh<\/span>, ch\u00e1nh h\u00e0nh, \u1ee9ng l\u00fd h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> h\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ngh\u0129a, \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> tinh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9<\/span> h\u00e0nh vi<\/span> phi ph\u00e1p<\/span>, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> v\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh<\/span> theo c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/span>, \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi \u00e1c ph\u00e1p<\/span> x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u1ecd tr\u00ec<\/span> c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span> \u1ea5y[10].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u00ean<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n
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[1] Cf. \u83e9 \u85a9 \u74d4 \u73de \u672c \u696d \u7d93 \u5377 \u4e0b, \u5927 \u773e \u53d7 \u5b78 \u54c1 \u7b2c \u4e03 (T25n1485, tr. 1020b06):\u201c\u82e5 \u4e00 \u5207 \u773e \u751f \u521d \u5165 \u4e09 \u5bf6 \u6d77 \u4ee5 \u4fe1 \u70ba \u672c\uff0c\u4f4f \u5728 \u4f5b \u5bb6 \u4ee5 \u6212 \u70ba \u672c\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[2] Sidhikarma<\/i>, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh, Th\u00e0nh Nghi\u1ec7p Lu\u1eadn<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[5] Skt. indrya-sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>vara<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[6] Skt. pr\u0101timok<\/i>\u1e63<\/i>a-sa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>vara<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[7] Skt. an\u0101sravasa<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>vara.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[8] S\u1ebd b\u00e0n r\u00f5 lu\u1eadt nghi<\/span> \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[9] Cf. C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 14<\/i>, \u0110\u1ea1i 29, tr. 72a.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[10] \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi<\/span>, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span>, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span>, ph\u00e2n khoa c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi<\/span>, l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span> l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd<\/span> h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi<\/span>, tai h\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 gi\u1edbi<\/span>, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tr\u00ec ph\u1ea1m<\/span> c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi<\/span> v.v.. s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> \u1edf nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebft sau.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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