{"id":7641,"date":"2020-12-05T04:21:18","date_gmt":"2020-12-04T21:21:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/05\/nhung-nghien-cuu-ve-phap-hanh-bi-truyen-cua-theravada\/"},"modified":"2020-12-05T04:21:18","modified_gmt":"2020-12-04T21:21:18","slug":"nhung-nghien-cuu-ve-phap-hanh-bi-truyen-cua-theravada","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/05\/nhung-nghien-cuu-ve-phap-hanh-bi-truyen-cua-theravada\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u V\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p H\u00e0nh B\u00ed Truy\u1ec1n C\u1ee7a Therav\u0101da"},"content":{"rendered":"

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NH\u1eeeNG NGHI\u00caN C\u1ee8U<\/span> V\u1ec0 <\/span>
PH\u00c1P H\u00c0NH<\/span> B\u00cd TRUY\u1ec0N<\/span> C\u1ee6A THERAV\u0100DA
<\/span>
T\u1ed1ng Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Kh\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0
\"Nh\u1eefng

\u201cTherav\u0101da \u00a0Tantra\u201d, \u00a0hay \u201cesoteric practices of Therav\u0101da \u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh<\/span> mang t\u00ednh b\u00ed truy\u1ec1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Nam truy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n l\u00e2m<\/span> ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n<\/span> thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> n\u00e0y. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch ra l\u00e0 \u201cM\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Therav\u0101da . N\u1ed9i dung nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> cho th\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p<\/span> h\u00e0nh Tantra c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o<\/span> ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00e1c \u00a0bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n qua s\u00e1ch v\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> Therav\u0101da.<\/span><\/p>\n

I. S\u1ef0 T\u1ed2N T\u1ea0I<\/span> C\u1ee6A TRUY\u1ec0N TH\u1ed0NG<\/span> M\u1eacT TRONG THERAV\u0100DA \u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Bhikkhu Santidhammo, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> Therav\u0101da \u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Maha Ghosananda c\u1ee7a Campuchia, \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh h\u1eb3n m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft mang t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cTherav\u0101da \u00a0Tantra<\/b>\u201d, trong \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn c\u1ee9 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cesoteric tradition\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> m\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> t\u1ea1i Campuchia. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft: \u201cThough the words \u201ctantra\u201d and \u201cvajrayana\u201d are unknown in Cambodian sphere, the esoteric tradition exists<\/i>\u201d (1). Ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t: \u201cM\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u201ctantra\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cvajrayana\u201d th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba Campuchia, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> m\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> (t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y)<\/i><\/b>.<\/i>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Bhikkhu Gavesako, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi Czech, tu h\u1ecdc<\/span> theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ajahn Chah, trong ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3<\/span> tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span> c\u0169ng minh h\u1ecda nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> \u201cTantric Therav\u0101da \u201d. \u00d4ng ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb \u201ctantra\u201d trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Nam truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> \u201ctantric chant<\/b>\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span> m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Jinapa\u00f1jara G\u0101th\u0101, c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i Therav\u0101da \u00a0g\u1ed3m 2 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 Sri Lanka, k\u00e8m theo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t video minh h\u1ecda cho b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng vi\u1ebft: \u201cMany Thai Buddhists know the tantric chant Jinapanjara Gatha by heart and it is also chanted in some of the forest monasteries of Ajahn Mun tradition. Here is a video demonstrating visually how the “protective cage” around you is gradually being built through the power of Buddhas, Arahants and Suttas<\/i>\u201d (2). Ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t: \u201cNhi\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> Th\u00e1i Lan thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n Jinapanjara Gatha v\u00e0 b\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ec1n l\u00e2m<\/span> vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ajahn Mun.\u00a0 \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t video minh h\u1ecda tr\u1ef1c quan<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u201cchi\u1ebfc l\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9\u201d xung quanh<\/span> b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o<\/span> tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/span> b\u1edfi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, A La H\u00e1n<\/span> v\u00e0 Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/i><\/b>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

L. S. Cousins, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span>, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a P\u0101li Text Society, \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng: \u201cBuddhaghosa mentions secret texts (g\u016b\u1e37hagantha\u1e43) in three of his works, in the context of teachings which will not be received from a teacher if one does not pay proper respect\u201d (Cousins, p.192).<\/i>\u201d Ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t: \u201cBuddhaghosa \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u1eadt<\/span> (g\u016b\u1e37hagantha\u1e43) trong ba t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, r\u1eb1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 th\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y truy\u1ec1n trao\u00a0 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span> \u0111\u00fang m\u1ef1c<\/i><\/b>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

II. NH\u1eeeNG NGHI\u00caN C\u1ee8U<\/span> C\u1ee6A FRAN\u00c7OIS BIZOT V\u00c0 M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 H\u1eccC GI\u1ea2<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> M\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a Therav\u0101da \u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> r\u1ea5t chi ti\u1ebft<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/span> trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Fran\u00e7ois Bizot<\/b>, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 danh d\u1ef1<\/span> c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5 Ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u00e0nh s\u00f5i ti\u1ebfng Khmer, sinh s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u1eddi t\u1ea1i Campuchia \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> l\u1edbn lao v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> Campuchia. \u00a0Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> tham chi\u1ebfu<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Therav\u0101da \u00a0v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u<\/span> s\u00f4ng Mekong, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh<\/span> b\u00ed truy\u1ec1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n

1- La figuration des pieds du Bouddha au Cambodge (1971).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

2- Le figuier \u00e0 cinq branches: Recherche sur le bouddhisme khmer I (1976).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

3- La grotte de la naissance: Recherches sur le bouddhisme khmer II (1980).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

4- Le don de soi-m\u00eame: Recherches sur le bouddhisme khmer III (1981).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

5- Notes sur les yantra bouddhiques d’Indochine (1981).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

6- Les traditions de la pabbajja en Asie du Sud-Est: Recherches sur le bouddhisme khmer IV (1988).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

7- Ramaker ou l\u2019amour symbolique de Ram et Seta: Recherches sur le bouddhisme khmer V (1989).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

8- Le chemin de Lanka: Textes bouddhiques du Cambodge I (1992).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

9- La guirlande de joyaux: Textes bouddhiques du Cambodge II (1993).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

10- Le bouddhisme des Thais, Br\u00e8ve histoire de ses mouvements et de ses id\u00e9es des origines \u00e0 nos jours (1994).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

11- Recherches nouvelles sur le Cambodge (1994).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

12- La puret\u00e9 par les mots: Textes bouddhiques du Laos (1996).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, trong hai th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> m\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a Therav\u0101da \u00a0nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u201cAspects of Esoteric Southern Buddhism<\/i>\u201d c\u1ee7a Lance Selwyn Cousins (1997). \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u201cMeditation and Healing in the Therav\u0101da \u00a0Buddhist Order of Thailand and Laos<\/i>\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a Mettanando Bhikkhu (1999).<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u201cThe Impact of the Abhayagiri Practices on the Development of Therav\u0101da Buddhism in Sri Lanka<\/i>\u201d c\u1ee7a R. Chandawimala Thero (2007).<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u201cThe Sutta on Understanding Death in the Transmission of Boran Meditation From Siam to the Kandyan Court<\/i>\u201d c\u1ee7a Kate Crosby, Andrew Skilton, Amal Gunasena (2012).<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u201cTraditional Therava\u0304da meditation and its modern-era suppression\u201d <\/i>c\u1ee7a Kate Crosby (2013).<\/span><\/p>\n

III. M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 N\u1ed8I DUNG TRONG C\u00c1C NGHI\u00caN C\u1ee8U<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> Yantra<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Yantra m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb<\/span> m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> hay m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 \u201cl\u00e1 b\u00f9a\u201d. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh Bizot \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i Yantra (3). Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Yantra h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1eef trong c\u00e2u ni\u1ec7m 9 \u00c2n \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng P\u0101li:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201citi pi so bhagav\u0101 araha\u1e43 samm\u0101-sa\u1e43buddho vijj\u0101cara\u1e47asa\u1e43panno sugato lokavid\u016b anuttaro purisadammas\u0101rath\u012b satth\u0101 devamanuss\u0101na\u1e43 buddho bhagav\u0101 ti<\/i>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Bizot minh h\u1ecda t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 81 Yantra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> c\u00e2u Ch\u00edn \u00c2n \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u00e0y, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Yantra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc xu\u00f4i, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e2u ni\u1ec7m 9 \u00c2n \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span> theo c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eebng ch\u1eef t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i c\u00e2u l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e2u. M\u1ed7i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span> (Mantra) c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> sau \u0111\u00e2y minh h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t Yantra Ch\u00edn \u00c2n \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Yantra b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Yantra nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n. Ti\u1ebfng P\u0101li c\u1ee7a 9 \u00c2n \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Khmer.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Yantra b\u00ean tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 minh h\u1ecda \u00e2m \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1c ch\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 ghi tr\u00ean Yantra.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Lam

C\u00e1c ch\u1eef tr\u00ean Yantra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i theo b\u1ea3ng sau:<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n

I<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

RA<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

J\u0100<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

GA<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

TA<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

RA<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

S\u0100<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

TI<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

HA\u1e42<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

CA<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

TO<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

RO<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

TH\u012a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

NA\u1e42<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

PI<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

SAM<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

RA<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

LO<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

PU<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

SAT<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

BUD<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

SO<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u0100<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u1e46A<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

KA<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

RI<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

TH\u0100<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

DHO<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

BHA<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

SA\u1e42<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

SA\u1e42<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

VI<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

SA<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

DE<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

BHA<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

GA<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

BUD<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

PAN<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

D\u016a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

DAM<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

VA<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

GA<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

V\u0100<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

DHO<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

NO<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

MA<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

MA<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

V\u0100<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

A<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

VIJ<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

SU<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

NUT<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

S\u0100<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

NUS<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

TI<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/tbody>\n

<\/table>\n


T\u1ea1i Sri Lanka, Ch\u00edn \u00c2n \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng P\u0101li c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Yantra. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sri Lanka, nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> R. Chandawimala Thero, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> Yantra n\u00e0y trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Pur\u0101\u1e47a Seth Pirith ti\u1ebfng Sri Lanka. Yantra c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 M\u0101ravijaya Yantra. \u00d4ng ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c b\u00ed m\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu \u1edf ch\u1ed1n s\u01a1n l\u00e2m (\u201cThe <\/i>\u0100ra\u1e47yaka Pirita and M\u0101ravijaya Yantra<\/i> are two secret formulas used by yog<\/i>\u012bs, who practice in forests<\/i>\u201d). Tr\u00ean Yantra, m\u1ed7i \u00c2n \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ch\u00fa. L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u00e1c ch\u1eef tr\u00ean Yantra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo b\u1ea3ng sau:<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n

ITIPISO o\u1e43 ta\u1e43 r\u0101ja ma\u1e47\u1e0dala\u1e43<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

BHAGAV\u0100 o\u1e43 deva ta\u1e43 ma\u1e47\u1e0dala\u1e43<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ARAHA\u1e42 o\u1e43 r\u0101ja ta\u1e43 ma\u1e47\u1e0dala\u1e43<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

SAMM\u0100-SA\u1e42BUDDHO o\u1e43 ta\u1e43 deva ma\u1e47\u1e0dala\u1e43<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

VIJJ\u0100CARA\u1e46A o\u1e43 ta\u1e43 deva ma\u1e47\u1e0dala\u1e43<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

SA\u1e42PANNO o\u1e43 ta\u1e43 d\u016bta ma\u1e47\u1e0dala\u1e43<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

SUGATO o\u1e43 ta\u1e43 vajra ma\u1e47\u1e0dala\u1e43<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

LOKAVID\u016a o\u1e43 ta\u1e43 duka ma\u1e47\u1e0dala\u1e43<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

o\u1e43 vi\u1e63a \u1e6di\u1e43<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

praleya<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

yak\u1e63a yak\u1e63\u1e47\u012b<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

pralesvaha\u1e43<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

ANUTTARO o\u1e43 ta\u1e43 brahma ma\u1e47\u1e0dala\u1e43<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

PURISADAMMA o\u1e43 ta\u1e43 yak\u1e63a ma\u1e47\u1e0dala\u1e43<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

S\u0100RATH\u012a o\u1e43 ta\u1e43 brahma ma\u1e47\u1e0dala\u1e43<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

SATTH\u0100 o\u1e43 ta\u1e43 yak\u1e63a ma\u1e47\u1e0dala\u1e43<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

DEVA<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

MANUSS\u0100NA\u1e42<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

BUDDHO<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

BHAGAV\u0100 TI<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

o\u1e43 ta\u1e43 \u012b\u015bvara ma\u1e47\u1e0dala\u1e43<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

o\u1e43 ta\u1e43 kahapati-manesv\u0101ha\u1e25<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

o\u1e43 ta\u1e43 \u012b\u015bvara ma\u1e47\u1e0dala<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nenavaha\u1e25<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/tbody>\n

<\/table>\n


Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed Yantra theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba<\/span> (Vajrayana), do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i Therav\u0101da, tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c<\/span> h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> ti\u1ebfng O\u1e42<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Xem l\u1ea1i<\/span> Yantra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> t\u1ea1i Sri Lanka nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u ch\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef O\u1e42<\/b> nh\u01b0: o\u1e43 ta\u1e43 r\u0101ja ma\u1e47\u1e0dala\u1e43, o\u1e43 deva ta\u1e43 ma\u1e47\u1e0dala\u1e43, o\u1e43 ta\u1e43 deva ma\u1e47\u1e0dala\u1e43, o\u1e43 ta\u1e43 d\u016bta ma\u1e47\u1e0dala\u1e43, o\u1e43 ta\u1e43 vajra ma\u1e47\u1e0dala\u1e43, o\u1e43 ta\u1e43 duka ma\u1e47\u1e0dala\u1e43 v.v<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfng P\u0101li c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ca ng\u1ee3i<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef O\u1e42<\/b> bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho Tam B\u1ea3o<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i NAMOK\u0100RA\u1e6c\u1e6cHAKA (t\u00e1m namo) nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

Namo A<\/b>rahato samm\u0101-sambuddhassa mahesino\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Namo U<\/b>ttama-dhammassa sv\u0101kkh\u0101tasseva tenidha\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Namo M<\/b>ah\u0101-sa\u1e45ghass\u0101pi visuddha-s\u012bla-di\u1e6d\u1e6dhino\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Namo om\u0101ty\u0101raddhassa<\/b> ratanattayassa<\/b> s\u0101dhuka\u1e43\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t:<\/span><\/p>\n

Con xin \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5<\/span> B\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i \u1ea8n S\u0129<\/span>, B\u1eadc \u1ee8ng C\u00fang<\/span>, Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Con xin \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5<\/span> Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Con xin \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i T\u0103ng<\/span> ch\u00fang, c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn thanh<\/span> t\u1ecbnh.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Con xin \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn Tam B\u1ea3o<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng O\u1e42 <\/b><\/i>(5).<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb trong b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> g\u1ed3m: A<\/i><\/b>rahato, U<\/b>ttama-dhammassa, M<\/b>ah\u0101-sa\u1e45ghass\u0101pi<\/i> gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> ch\u1eef AUM t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1eef O\u1e42<\/b>. \u00a0Trong \u0111\u00f3 A bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho Ph\u1eadt, U bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, M bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho T\u0103ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u1ee7a Bizot c\u0169ng ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 \u00e2m MA<\/span>, A, U th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n. M\u1ed7i m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p H\u00e0nh<\/span>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/span><\/p>\n

MA<\/b>: h\u00edt v\u00e0o<\/span>, U<\/b>: th\u1edf ra<\/span>, A<\/b>: gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i r\u1ed1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

MA<\/b>: t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt, U<\/b>: t\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span>, A<\/b>: t\u1ea1ng Kinh<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

MA<\/b>: kh\u1ed5, U<\/b>: v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, A<\/b>: v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span> qua c\u00e1c \u00e2m mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Bizot \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> theo c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u00e1c \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef. L. Cousins \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span> c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span> bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau (6):<\/span><\/p>\n

A P\u0100 MA CU PA: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng 5 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

DI MA\u1e42 SA\u1e42 A\u1e42 U: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng 5 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng Kinh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

SA\u1e42 VI DH \u0100 PU KA YA PA: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng 7 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span> ARAHA\u1e42 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L. Cousins d\u1eabn trong Vimuttimaggadassana nh\u01b0 sau: A: Ph\u1eadt, RA: T\u0103ng, HA\u1e42: Ph\u00e1p.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u NA MO BU DDH\u0100 YA th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh:<\/span><\/p>\n

NA: 12 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9<\/span><\/p>\n

MO: 21 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a cha<\/span><\/p>\n

BU: 6 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a vua<\/span><\/p>\n

DDH\u0100: 7 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

YA: 10 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span>, L. Cousins c\u0169ng ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 3 pass\u0101sa, ass\u0101sa v\u00e0 niss\u0101sa v\u1edbi c\u00e2u ch\u00fa c\u00f3 7 \u00e2m SA\u1e42 VI DH\u0100 PU KA YA PA v\u00e0 4 th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 NA MA<\/span> A U, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 14 \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a\u00a0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

IV. PH\u00c1P THI\u1ec0N CH\u00cdNH TH\u1ed0NG<\/span> BOR\u0100N KAMA\u1e6c\u1e6cH\u0100NA<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span> g\u1ed3m Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Andrew Skilton, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Kate Crosby, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129<\/span> Amal Gunasena \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span> m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> m\u1edbi qua t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> \u201cThe Sutta on Understanding Death in the Transmission of Bor\u0101n Meditation From Siam to the Kandyan Court<\/i>.\u201d Ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t: \u201c\u2018Kinh Hi\u1ec3u Bi\u1ebft<\/span> C\u00e1i Ch\u1ebft\u2019 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1<\/span> ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n Bor\u0101n t\u1eeb Th\u00e1i Lan sang v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Kandy<\/i><\/b>.\u201d \u00a0Trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Sri Lanka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Anh Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf London. Qua \u0111\u00f3, minh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng Ph\u00e1p Thi\u1ec1n b\u00ed truy\u1ec1n<\/span> Bor\u0101n (Bor\u0101n Kama\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na) <\/b>\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng<\/span> trong ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh<\/span> d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i Therav\u0101da \u00a0t\u1ea1i Sri Lanka tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n Bor\u0101n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Bizot ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u1edf Campuchia v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ea1i Sri Lanka l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng<\/span> m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc thi\u1ec1n Theravada ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 Minh S\u00e1t<\/span>, An Ch\u1ec9. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi so s\u00e1nh<\/span> b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span> Hi\u1ec3u Bi\u1ebft<\/span> C\u00e1i Ch\u1ebft (Mara\u1e47a\u00f1\u0101nasutta) v\u1edbi \u00a0Figuier \u00e0 cinq branches c\u1ee7a Bizot, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> trong kinh b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0<\/span> sau: T\u00e2m, l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa<\/span> Cittakum\u0101r\u012b, ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ebft 5 con chim tr\u00ean 5 nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra<\/span> vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fd l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf<\/span>, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n<\/span> Sri Lanka c\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> M\u0101ra c\u01b0\u1ee1ng hi\u1ebfp c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa<\/span> Cittakum\u0101r\u012b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p Thi\u1ec1n Bor\u0101n \u0111\u00e3 <\/b>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kate Crosby tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cTraditional Therava\u0304da meditation and its modern-era suppression.<\/i>\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013.\u00a0 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c b\u00ed truy\u1ec1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Therav\u0101da . Kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch thi\u1ec1n ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> trong Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nimitta (\u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>) th\u00ec d\u1eabn n\u00f3 qua m\u0169i \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong thai t\u1ea1ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span>, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Nimitta \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. (7)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0(1) Bhikkhu Santidhammo, Therav\u0101da \u00a0Tantra<\/i>, URL: http:\/\/santidhammo.blogspot.com\/2011\/11\/Therav\u0101da -tantra.html<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) Bhikkhu Gavesako, Tantric Therav\u0101da ?<\/i>, URL: http:\/\/www.dhammawheel.com\/viewtopic.php?t=10503<\/span><\/p>\n

(3) Bizot F., 1993, La guirlande de joyaux: Textes bouddhiques du Cambodge II, <\/i>\u00a0Paris, EFEO (Textes bouddhiques du Cambodge, 2, Publication du FEM), pp. 57-84.<\/span><\/p>\n

(4) Chandawimala, R., 2007, The Impact of the Abhayagiri Practices on the Development<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

of Therav\u0101da Buddhism in Sri Lanka<\/i>,\u00a0 Ph.D. dissertation, University of Hong Kong, p.223.<\/span><\/p>\n

(5) T\u1ed1ng Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Kh\u1ea3i, \u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng OM trong th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span> ti\u1ebfng P\u0101li v\u00e0 Sanskrit, <\/i>URL: https:\/\/kinhmatgiao.wordpress.com\/2015\/02\/26\/y-nghia-cua-tieng-om-trong-than-chu-tieng-P\u0101li-sanskrit\/<\/span><\/p>\n

(6) Cousins, L. S., 1997, \u00a0Aspects of Esoteric Southern Buddhism\u2019, in P. Connolly\/S.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Hamilton (eds.), <\/i>Indian Insights: Buddhism, Brahmanism and Bhakti: papers from the<\/span><\/p>\n

annual Spalding Symposium on Indian Religions, London, Luzac Oriental, pp. 96-98.<\/span><\/p>\n

(7) Crosby, K., 2013, Traditional Therava\u0304da meditation and its modern-era suppression<\/i>, Hong Kong: Buddha Dharma Centre of Hong Kong.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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