{"id":7644,"date":"2020-12-05T04:21:44","date_gmt":"2020-12-04T21:21:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/05\/bo-thi-thieng-lieng-va-bo-thi-pham-tuc-trong-phat-giao-theravada\/"},"modified":"2020-12-05T04:21:44","modified_gmt":"2020-12-04T21:21:44","slug":"bo-thi-thieng-lieng-va-bo-thi-pham-tuc-trong-phat-giao-theravada","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/05\/bo-thi-thieng-lieng-va-bo-thi-pham-tuc-trong-phat-giao-theravada\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed1 Th\u00ed Thi\u00eang Li\u00eang V\u00e0 B\u1ed1 Th\u00ed Ph\u00e0m T\u1ee5c Trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Theravada"},"content":{"rendered":"

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B\u1ed0 TH\u00cd<\/span> THI\u00caNG LI\u00caNG<\/span> V\u00c0 B\u1ed0 TH\u00cd<\/span> PH\u00c0M T\u1ee4C<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>
Trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada<\/span>
(Don sacr\u00e9 et don profane dans le Theravada)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Parawahera Chandaratana<\/span>
Hoang Phong chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"B\u1ed1


H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> Parawahera Chandaratana<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u00e2u\u00a0“Sabba danam dhammadanam jinati”\u00a0<\/i>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0“Hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> – hay S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt<\/span> – v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng kh\u00e1c”<\/i>, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> b\u1ea9m sinh, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> y\u00eau trong tr\u00e1i tim m\u00ecnh. T\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ra r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> qua n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 cung c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m<\/span> mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 “an to\u00e0n<\/span><\/b>” v\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span><\/b>” cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> s\u1ef1 “kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span><\/b>” v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng s\u1ef1 “an to\u00e0n<\/span><\/b>” cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> th\u1eadt h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span>: ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7<\/span> gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> “kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sinh<\/span><\/b>“, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> Parawahera Chandaratana v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> T\u00edch Lan<\/span>, xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> t\u1eeb l\u00fac m\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec<\/span> m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada trong v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 b\u1eafc Paris. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. Th\u1eadt ra ch\u1eef\u00a0dana<\/i>\u00a0– b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> – kh\u00f4ng mang m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u xem s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> th\u1eadt c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, ph\u1ea3i th\u00fa nh\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00eau l\u00ean trong\u00a0“Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn”<\/i>\u00a0(B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>)<\/i>, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong s\u1ed1 37 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9<\/span> (bodhipakkhiya dhamma<\/i>)\u00a0(Tam th\u1eadp th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea9m<\/span>)<\/i>. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb g\u00e1c sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u00fap g\u00ec v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> B\u1ed1n S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt<\/span> Cao Qu\u00fd\u00a0(T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf<\/span>)<\/i>. Theo gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n. Th\u1ef1c thi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t huy l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>\u00a0(\u00edch k\u1ef7<\/span>, tham lam<\/span>, b\u1ee7n x\u1ec9n<\/span>…)<\/i>\u00a0trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00ecnh.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp li\u00ean<\/span> h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ra n\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean xem nh\u1eb9 hay \u0111\u1eb7t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> n\u00e0y sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. Vai tr\u00f2<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e9p luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/span> theo t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n<\/span> tri\u1ec7t\u00a0Dhamma<\/i>\u00a0(\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>), th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2<\/span> ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft<\/span>, v\u00e0 trong s\u1ed1 ba th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> h\u00e0nh x\u1eed thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu mang l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0(Dana – Sila – Bhavana-punnakiriyavatthu<\/i>)\u00a0(B\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> – Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi\/Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> – C\u01b0 x\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>)<\/i>\u00a0th\u00ec b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c\u00a0(sangahavatthu<\/i>:\u00a0Dana – priyavacana – atacariya – samanattata<\/i>)\u00a0(B\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> – Th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau<\/span> – h\u00e0nh x\u1eed v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c – h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c)<\/i>\u00a0th\u00ec b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> trong s\u1ed1 m\u01b0\u1eddiparamis<\/i>\u00a0(th\u1eadp ba-la-m\u1eadt)<\/i>\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u “ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>,\u00a0dana<\/i>\u00a0– vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> – gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2<\/span> th\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac m\u1edbi kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c thi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> hayNibbana<\/i>\u00a0(Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Nibbana<\/i>\u00a0(ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0\u00a0Nirvana<\/i>) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>. C\u00f3 ba th\u1ee9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0\u00a0lobha<\/i>: ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span> d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c<\/span>, th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf(t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ec l\u00e0 g\u00ec)<\/i>. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0\u00a0dosa<\/i>: s\u1ef1 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0(gi\u1eadn d\u1eef<\/span> \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi)<\/i>. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0\u00a0moha<\/i>: t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0(s\u1ef1 u m\u00ea<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p<\/span> m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>)<\/i>.\u00a0Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t trong ba th\u1ee9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ef1c thi\u00a0dana<\/i>\u00a0– b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c thi\u00a0dana<\/i>, d\u00f9 h\u1ecd tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t<\/span> nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh hu\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch<\/span>. \u0110\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd c\u00f2n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span> ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n<\/span> k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>. S\u1ef1 b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0tanha v\u00e0 lobha<\/i>(tanha: th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t<\/span>, b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span>, lobha: b\u1ee7n x\u1ec9n<\/span>, b\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7n)<\/i>. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> –\u00a0dana<\/i>\u00a0– l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span>. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1p<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi\u00a0dana<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/span> l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c<\/span>. \u00a0\u0110\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span> m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ef1c thi\u00a0dana<\/i>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1p<\/span> n\u00e0o. D\u00f9 trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u01b0 duy<\/span> hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00ecnh li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2<\/span> v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span> h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u00a0(kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh<\/span> b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> cho ai, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u0103n<\/span> b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u00e2u xa<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3”, “t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng” v\u00e0 “b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c” c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>)<\/i>. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span> v\u1ee9t b\u1edbt c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1eeba th\u00e3i trong nh\u00e0. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span> v\u1edbt v\u00e1t<\/span> thanh danh<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u tai ti\u1ebfng<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0dana<\/i>\u00a0\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0\u00a0dana<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng<\/span> mong ch\u1edd<\/span> l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c<\/span>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00f2m ng\u00f3<\/span> xem c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> ra sao. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span> s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0“Para dukke sati sadunam hadaya kampanam karoti ti karuna”<\/i>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 : “Khi tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec con tim m\u00ecnh co th\u1eaft l\u1ea1i”. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi\u00a0(karuna)\u00a0<\/i>c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111ang b\u00f9ng l\u00ean.\u00a0Dana<\/i>\u00a0trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0dana<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ea3\u00a0(khi con tim co th\u1eaft l\u1ea1i th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> r\u1ed3i, duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham lam<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t<\/span> trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tham lam<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t<\/span> th\u00ec con tim m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft co th\u1eaft l\u00e0 g\u00ec n\u1eefa<\/span>)<\/i>. S\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn<\/span> th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> hay v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>. Th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac<\/span> th\u1ef1c thi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0(t\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span> b\u00ean trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> s\u1ebd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p in \u0111\u1eadm tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00ecnh, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> \u1ea5y s\u1ebd c\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 duy\u00ean<\/span> s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn sau n\u00e0y trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh – s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf)<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> qua c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n<\/span>. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> trongJakata<\/i>\u00a0(B\u1ed5n Sanh Kinh<\/span><\/i>) \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 thay cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au \u1ed1m. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> t\u1eebng n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c thi\u00a0dana<\/i>. Trong c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp<\/span>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ef1c thi nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1p<\/span> n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “paramita<\/i>” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 “ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o”.\u00a0Paramita<\/i>\u00a0th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0dana paramita<\/i>(H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 “b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ba-la-m\u1eadt” t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 “b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o”)<\/i>.\u00a0C\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0paramita<\/i>\u00a0(Th\u1eadp Ba-la-m\u1eadt)<\/i>m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span> T\u1ed1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0(t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9<\/span>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>)<\/i>. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0paramita<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh<\/span> th\u1ef1c thi b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf<\/span> tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>, h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt\u00a0(trong \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span>. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kinh Jataka l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c” v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “th\u00eam th\u1eaft” v\u00e0 “s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa” nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 III tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y L\u1ecbch. B\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pa-li v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 Th\u1ee9 III sau T\u00e2y L\u1ecbch, g\u1ed3m 547 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 do \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh<\/span> \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch<\/span> v\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span> lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>. Tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pa-li th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> T\u00edch Lan<\/span> kh\u00f4ng x\u1ebfp kinh n\u00e0y v\u00e0o Kinh T\u1ea1ng<\/span>, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i x\u1ebfp kinh n\u00e0y chung trong Kinh T\u1ea1ng<\/span> – trong t\u1eadp Khuddakha Nikaya\/Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span> th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean trong kinh Jataka c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c kinh kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pa-li. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem kinh Jataka nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o”)<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span> trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada lu\u00f4n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> h\u1ea7u mang l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> cho m\u00ecnh. Trong c\u00f5i\u00a0samsara<\/i>\u00a0(c\u00f5i lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>)<\/i>\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u1ebfu b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> th\u00ec t\u1ea5t s\u1ebd g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c thidana<\/i>\u00a0th\u00ec s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> gi\u1ea3ng r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tham gia<\/span> c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5<\/span> ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n<\/span> do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9<\/span> t\u1eeb t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, s\u1ef1 tham gia<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>, nh\u01b0 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 hay ph\u1ee5 gi\u00fap<\/span> nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia<\/span> t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span> h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, h\u1ecd ng\u1ee3i khen<\/span> nhau b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nh\u01b0\u00a0“sadhu, sadhu!”<\/i>\u00a0(ti\u1ebfng Pa-li c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “hoan ngh\u00eanh”, “hoan ngh\u00eanh!”, ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “\u0111\u00fang l\u1eafm!”, “t\u1ed1t l\u1eafm!”)\u00a0<\/i>v\u1edbi \u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t<\/span> th\u1ed1t l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u1ea5y(\u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nhau. N\u00f3i chung h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng hay kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 c\u0169ng mang m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh x\u00f4 s\u1eadp nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edch k\u1ef7<\/span> m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ea5p ph\u00eda sau)<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea3n<\/span>, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00f4n qu\u00ea \u0111\u1ec1u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng g\u00f3i qu\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfu t\u1eb7ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, n\u00e0o l\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, qu\u00e0 b\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n<\/span> quanh n\u0103m<\/span>. Qu\u00e0 bi\u1ebfu c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> nguy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7<\/span> t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> (thay v\u00ec n\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span> lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7), v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0dana<\/i>\u00a0b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u00ecnh d\u00e0nh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa c\u01a1m chi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u00a0(ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7<\/span> t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/span> n\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span> lu\u1eadt: 1-kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i, 2- kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/span>, 3- kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m<\/span>, 4- kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i<\/span>, 5- kh\u00f4ng say s\u01b0a, ho\u1eb7c m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi<\/span> lu\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span> th\u00eam n\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span> lu\u1eadt n\u1eefa: 6- kh\u00f4ng \u0103n qu\u00e1 b\u1eefa – t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9<\/span> \u0103n b\u1eefa tr\u01b0a, 7- kh\u00f4ng h\u00e1t x\u01b0\u1edbng, vui ch\u01a1i<\/span>, 8- kh\u00f4ng trang \u0111i\u1ec3m, x\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa, 9- kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7 gi\u01b0\u1eddng cao, n\u1ec7m \u00eam, 10- kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c. Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 n\u1ebfu gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n g\u00ec c\u1ea3 sau b\u1eefa c\u01a1m tr\u01b0a, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd d\u00e0nh ra b\u1eefa c\u01a1m chi\u1ec1u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o)<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span> tham gia<\/span> v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0dana<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eddi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span> v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbp h\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp h\u1ecd, bi\u1ebfu h\u1ecd qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, thu\u1ed1c men, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> kh\u00e1c, h\u1ea7u mang l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> cho m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i mang ra \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua \u0111\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>(trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> \u0110\u1ec1-b\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t-\u0111a\/Devadatta, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> v\u00e0 em h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n kh\u1eaft khe, trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n nh\u01b0: kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham d\u1ef1<\/span> c\u00e1c b\u1eefa \u0103n<\/span> do ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> m\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 \u0103n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c<\/span>; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o do ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o may b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i r\u00e1ch nh\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v.v.)<\/i>. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1ea1i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c thi m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p\u00a0dana<\/i>g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “sangha dana<\/i>” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho\u00a0Sangha<\/i>\u00a0(T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>)<\/i>.\u00a0Sangha dana<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> n\u00e0o.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u1eef “Sangha”\u00a0(T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>)<\/i>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u theo ba g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1-\u00a0Sangha<\/i>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 “nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2-\u00a0Savaka Sangha<\/i>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc cao. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eddi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi\u00a0dana<\/i>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n<\/span> n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5<\/span> hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng do ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap\u00a0Sangha<\/i>(T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>)\u00a0(c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> trong \u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>)<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1edf d\u0129<\/span> c\u00e1c l\u1ec5\u00a0dana<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nay \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u: trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i sung s\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c n\u00e0o, hay l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i lang thang trong c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i<\/span>, mong ch\u1edd<\/span> s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> y\u00eau.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0“peta”\u00a0(ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 preta, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh linh<\/span> \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t<\/span>)<\/i>\u00a0hay\u00a0“bhuta”<\/i>(spirit\/ghost\/ma qu\u1ef7)<\/i>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c c\u00f5i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. C\u00e1c sinh linh<\/span> \u1ea5y s\u1ebd t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5<\/span> d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecd, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng sao tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t tho\u00e1ng gi\u1eadn d\u1eef<\/span>, b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> hay b\u1ea5t k\u00ednh n\u00e0o, v.v., th\u00ec m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0(\u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span>: theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span> th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn<\/span> ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> cho th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> s\u1ef1 suy lu\u1eadn<\/span> h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> chung quanh ch\u00fang ta<\/span> trong l\u00fac n\u00e0y – ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u00fac v\u1eadt<\/span>, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i<\/span>, c\u00e1c k\u1ebb hung d\u1eef, kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1<\/span>, s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, cao c\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh<\/span>,… – c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh)<\/i>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3-Ariya sangha<\/i>\u00a0hay T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> Cao Qu\u00fd: C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra – h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> hay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y” g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea9y tr\u1eeb ba trong s\u1ed1 m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i<\/span>: 1- tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>\u00a0(“c\u00e1i t\u00f4i” hay c\u00e1i ng\u00e3)<\/i>, 2- s\u1ef1 hoang mang\u00a0(c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xao l\u00e3ng<\/span>: ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ed1ng trong \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u00ec l\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh “t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o”)<\/i>, 3- tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span> h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 nu\u00f4i t\u1ef1 tay may cho m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> Cao Qu\u00fd, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> trong T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> \u1ea5y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cung c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kinh A. iii, 172)\u00a0(t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kinh\u00a0<\/i>Sappurisadana Sutta\/”M\u00f3n qu\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span> hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng” – \u00a0T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/span> – AN V.148. B\u00e0i kinh<\/span> n\u00eau l\u00ean n\u0103m c\u00e1ch hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngay th\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>)<\/i>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 cao cung c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed<\/span> gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Sakkaccam danam deti<\/i>: Ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> t\u1ee7i nh\u1ee5c, b\u1ecb ch\u1ea1m t\u1ef1 \u00e1i<\/span> hay b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3<\/span> c\u1ea7u xin<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap th\u01b0\u1eddng hay<\/span> c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> ng\u1ea1i ng\u00f9ng<\/span>, v\u00ec th\u1ebf b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh \u1ea5y tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng sao ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> c\u00e1i g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00e0ng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Cittikava danam deti<\/i>: M\u00f3n qu\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 \u00e2n c\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u00e0 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> y\u00eau th\u00ec nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i d\u00e2y th\u00e2n \u00e1i<\/span> s\u1ebd bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t<\/span> gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sahattha deti<\/i>: Ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 tay hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng. \u0110\u00edch th\u00e2n hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh<\/span> h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u00f3 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span> s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Na apaviddham deti:\u00a0<\/i>Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>. Ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00edch l\u1ee3i<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Na anagamanaditthiko deti<\/i>: Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc<\/span> khi\u1ebfn sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00e1m xin n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>\u00a0(saddaya: devote<\/i>\u00a0(saddaya: devotedly, faithfully\/ch\u00e2n t\u00ecnh, th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt<\/span>, ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>)\u00a0<\/i>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> m\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 cao (kinh A. iii, 172)\u00a0(t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Kinh Suppurisadana Sutta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00fa tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y)<\/i>. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0 k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n, v\u00e0 xem \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m vui cho m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed7i khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh hu\u1ed1ng<\/span> ng\u1eb7t ngh\u00e8o th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> ngay, kh\u00f4ng do d\u1ef1<\/span> m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat n\u00e0o (kalena deti<\/i>)\u00a0(kalena: b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, keti: hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng, bi\u1ebfu t\u1eb7ng, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/span> g\u1eafng th\u00eam ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh)<\/i>. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi th\u1eadt h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e0m nh\u1eb9 b\u1edbt \u0111i s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t. Ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n \u00e1i<\/span>, duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u0111ang trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u1ebf th\u00f4i (anuggahacitto danam deti<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> cho m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c(attanam ca paran ca anupahacca dana m deti<\/i>). \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng<\/span> v\u00e0 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o khi hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng (viceyyadana m sugatappasattham<\/i>). Khi n\u00e0o tin ch\u1eafc<\/span> r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 an vui cho k\u1ebb nh\u1eadn th\u00ec h\u00e3y n\u00ean l\u00e0m. N\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 an vui c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh<\/span> (sappurisadana<\/i>)\u00a0(sappurisa c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh<\/span> ph\u1ee5c)<\/i>.\u00a0C\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng<\/span> gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>. D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng<\/span> hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 \u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng qua c\u00e1ch hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh<\/span> hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f3 n\u00eau l\u00ean ba c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> n\u00ean l\u00e0m:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1-\u00a0Amisa dana<\/i>:\u00a0(amisa: th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span>)<\/i>\u00a0B\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c thi r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span> c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> n\u00e0y. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> r\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span> trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span>, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, n\u01a1i \u0103n ch\u1ed1n \u1edf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n. C\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qua trung gian<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c qua s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n hay c\u01a1 quan<\/span> nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i<\/span> xem nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> n\u00e0y\u00a0<\/i>th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span> b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span>, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u00edch k\u1ef7<\/span>, l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh tham lam<\/span>, gi\u1eadn d\u1eef<\/span>, keo ki\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2-\u00a0Abhaya dana<\/i>:\u00a0(abhaya: s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>)<\/i>\u00a0 S\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng<\/span>, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> n\u00ean mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 an l\u00e0nh<\/span> cho h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft, th\u1eadn, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng n\u00ean xem \u0111\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/span> cho ph\u00e9p<\/span> th\u00ec c\u0169ng n\u00ean hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0dana\u00a0<\/i>th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd. T\u00f4i xin n\u00eau l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> sau \u0111\u00e2y. N\u0103m 1998, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> T\u00edch Lan<\/span> s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/span> b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u00ean b\u00e1o th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00f3t, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn, nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> n\u00e0y b\u00e8n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c<\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng hi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn theo Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o<\/span>. \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh th\u00ec d\u00f9 l\u00e0 theo \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 nhau.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span>, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> xin mua l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t con v\u1eadt \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f2 s\u00e1t sinh<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee9u m\u1ea1ng<\/span> s\u1ed1ng cho m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3-\u00a0Dhamma dana (\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> hay S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt<\/span>)<\/i>: S\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. Hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd<\/span> cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nghe, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi<\/span> c\u00e1c ng\u00f5 ng\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecd v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span>. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap h\u1ecd tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u00f4 lu\u00e2n<\/span>. Hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9ng ra t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1ec1\u00a0Dhamma<\/i>\u00a0(\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>); ho\u1eb7c g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u1ea5n t\u1ed1ng s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi, ho\u1eb7c in l\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch c\u0169, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/span> th\u00ec th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m<\/span> qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1<\/span> Gi\u00e1o Hu\u1ea5n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3cDhamma<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 g\u00ec th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u00f3 cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u1edbi S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1<\/span> Gi\u00e1o Hu\u1ea5n<\/span> \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i<\/span> m\u1edbi qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o Hu\u1ea5n<\/span> \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n k\u00e9m th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 d\u00f9 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/span>. B\u1ed1n c\u00e2u th\u01a1 sau \u0111\u00e2y trong kinh\u00a0Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa<\/span><\/i>\u00a0ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh<\/span> th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng n\u00e0y:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

– Sabba danam dhammadanam jinati<\/i><\/b>: Hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng kh\u00e1c.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

– Sabbam rasam dhammarasam jinati<\/i><\/b>: H\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

– Sabbam ratim dhammarati jinati<\/i><\/b>: Ni\u1ec1m h\u00e2n hoan<\/span> trong S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m h\u00e2n hoan<\/span> kh\u00e1c.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

– Tanhakkhayo sabbadukkham jinati<\/i><\/b>: S\u1ef1 t\u1eaft ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t<\/span> s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng<\/span> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>, khai tr\u00ed v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c<\/span> k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm, v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e1c kinh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1<\/span> Gi\u00e1o Hu\u1ea5n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. V\u00ec l\u00fd do<\/span> n\u00e0y n\u00ean t\u00f4i mong r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span> h\u00e3y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u1ea5n t\u1ed1ng s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1ee3n d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ghi th\u00eam t\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00e2n dung<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c trang cu\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> th\u00f3i t\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t \u00edt tro h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00e0i k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m\u00a0(d\u1ef1ng bia ho\u1eb7c kh\u1eafc t\u00ean ?)<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd. C\u00fang \u00a0d\u01b0\u1eddng T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> hay \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan<\/span> t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span>. D\u1ea7u sao th\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng<\/span> s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd<\/span> n\u00eau l\u00ean S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> g\u1ed3m n\u0103m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau: mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng sao s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c), v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p (thi\u1ebfu \u0103n th\u00ec th\u00e2n x\u00e1c h\u00e9o m\u00f2n)\u00a0(tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span> trong c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 b\u00e9o ph\u00ec v\u00ec \u0103n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u<\/span>, v\u1eady h\u00e3y n\u00ean chia s\u1ebb mi\u1ebfng \u0103n v\u1edbi k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c th\u00ec m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd xinh \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> h\u01a1n, c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c l\u1eabn t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>)<\/i>, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> (thi\u1ebfu \u0103n s\u1ebd \u0111au \u1ed1m), sinh l\u1ef1c<\/span> (thi\u1ebfu \u0103n s\u1ebd y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i<\/span>), v\u00e0 sau h\u1ebft l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh<\/span> (thi\u1ebfu \u0103n th\u00ec b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c). B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n<\/span> gieo nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span> t\u1ed1t th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9a.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1eadt tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span>: tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, trong l\u00fac \u0111ang b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, v\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span> h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>.\u00a0Dana<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span>. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0paramita<\/i>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u1ef1c thi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c – ngay trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng sau – c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh<\/span> mang l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu sau khi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> th\u00ec l\u1ea1i h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc<\/span> v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ai s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 gieo.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u1ef1c thi t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n<\/span> (dana<\/i>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p tu t\u1eadp<\/span> s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0kamma<\/i>\u00a0(nghi\u1ec7p)<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0nh. Khi n\u00e0o s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p th\u00eam v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mang l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>, th\u00ec v\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean phong ph\u00fa<\/span> h\u01a1n, h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0samsara<\/i>\u00a0(c\u00f5i lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>)<\/i>,\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n xoay v\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> n\u1eefa. Ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u1ee9 n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> \u1ea5y s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i th\u00eam cho m\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3<\/span>, v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m h\u00e2n hoan<\/span> cho ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp nh\u00e2n sinh<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t\u00a0(Bodhisattva<\/i>) v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0dana parami<\/i>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span> \u1edf c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> cho m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p hay l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> “nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu<\/span> qu\u1ea3” m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/span> trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa ngo\u00e0i l\u00f2ng thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m<\/span> ra, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta<\/span> bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t cung c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span> th\u00ec c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd c\u00f2n gia t\u0103ng<\/span> g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> gom g\u00f3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>: m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span> c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao k\u00e8o t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t, m\u1ed9t giao k\u00e8o x\u1ea5u s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> t\u1ea1o cho m\u00ecnh c\u00e1c\u00a0kamma<\/i>\u00a0(nghi\u1ec7p)<\/i>\u00a0t\u1ed1t, c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng hay. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span> khi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, v\u00e0 v\u1eadt b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch nghi<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>\u00a0Sutta<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Anguttara Nikaya<\/i>\u00a0(T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/span><\/i>) n\u00eau l\u00ean n\u0103m s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh Nh\u00e2n<\/span> trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> (kinh A.iV, 246). Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u0103m s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 sau n\u00e0y trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u1ea9n d\u1eadt<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> \u1ea5y. N\u0103m s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7<\/span> th\u1eadt th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng<\/span> N\u0103m Gi\u1edbi<\/span> Lu\u1eadt(kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sinh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng say s\u01b0a nghi\u1ec7n ng\u1eadp. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7<\/span> n\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span> lu\u1eadt c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, ni\u1ec1m an vui v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> chung quanh m\u00ecnh)<\/i>. T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng<\/span> n\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span> lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch mang l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> y\u00eau v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9<\/span> l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u1ea7u mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> cho c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cao qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0S\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng<\/i>\u00a0\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong\u00a0Anguttara Nikaya\u00a0<\/i>(T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/span><\/i>), \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f3 n\u00eau l\u00ean ba ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t l\u00ean v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span> (kinh A.iv, 44)\u00a0(t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kinh Aggi-Sutta\/B\u00e0i kinh v\u1ec1 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda, PTS, iv, 44-46, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kinh<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1\u00a0phi-b\u1ea1o-l\u1ef1c\u00a0<\/b>trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem kinh n\u00e0y tr\u00ean Th\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n Hoa Sen<\/span>)<\/i>. Ba ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u1ea5y l\u00e0:\u00a0ahunayyaggi\u00a0(ahunay: c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec5, aggi l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda)<\/i>,\u00a0gahapataggi (gahapati: ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh\/householder)\u00a0<\/i>v\u00e0\u00a0dakkhineyyaggi (dakkhini: c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i<\/span>, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>, \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh\/worthy)<\/i>. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> r\u1eb1ng\u00a0ahuneyyaggi<\/i>\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9<\/span>, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh y\u00eau v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c.\u00a0Gahapataggi<\/i>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0(ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>)<\/i>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho v\u1ee3, con, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c\u00a0(trong c\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> Parawahera Chandaratara c\u00f3 \u00fd tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> ch\u1eef “ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh”\/householder\/gahapataggi r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c<\/span> trong kinh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb th\u1ebf tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> v\u00e0o th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i “ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u1ee3 con<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng”. Qu\u1ea3 t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ee5c!)<\/i>.\u00a0Dakkhineyyaggi<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> b\u1eadc\u00a0Arahant<\/i>\u00a0(A-la-h\u00e1n<\/i>), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span> ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/span>. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng<\/span>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 canh ch\u1eebng m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda thi\u00eang. Trong kinh\u00a0Maha-Mangala Sutta<\/i>\u00a0(kinh A. iv, 44)\u00a0(Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u00fac<\/span> h\u1ea1nh)<\/i>\u00a0cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> r\u1eb1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c mi\u1ebfng \u0103n ch\u1ed7 \u1edf cho cha m\u1eb9<\/span> m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed mang l\u1ea1i th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (kinh SN 262-263)\u00a0(Th\u00edch Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch kinh<\/span> n\u00e0y v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kinh “Kinh Ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c”, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem tr\u00ean Th\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n Hoa Sen<\/span> – ho\u1eb7c tra c\u1ee9u<\/span>: Sn, 2.4, ho\u1eb7c PTS: Sn 258-269)<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vua x\u1ee9 Kosala\u00a0(x\u1ee9 Ki\u1ec1u-t\u00e1t-la, thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng b\u1eafc \u1ea4n v\u00e0 Nepal, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 16 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean b\u00e1n l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n bang v\u1edbi x\u1ee9 Kosala l\u00e0 Maghada\/Ma-ki\u1ec7t-\u0111\u00e0, n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc \u1ea4n trong v\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh Bengal. Hai n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i kinh<\/span>)<\/i>\u00a0c\u00f3 h\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> cho ai? (kinh S.i, 98)(t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kinh\u00a0<\/i>Issattha Sutta\/Kinh v\u1ec1 Thu\u1eadt b\u1eafn cung, SN, 3.24, ho\u1eb7c PTS, S, i.98)<\/i>. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> r\u1eb1ng n\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>. Vua x\u1ee9 Kosala l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp: V\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> cho ai \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> hai c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi\u00a0(c\u00e1c c\u00e2u t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> so v\u1edbi b\u00e0i kinh<\/span> g\u1ed1c, xin xem th\u00eam c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> v\u1ec1 kinh n\u00e0y trong ph\u1ea7n ghi ch\u00fa d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y)\u00a0<\/i>v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u00ec s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f2n cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> th\u00eam l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> s\u1ebd c\u00f2n mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa n\u1ebfu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea9n tu \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span> (nirvarana<\/i>)\u00a0(c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng u m\u00ea<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ea5n lo\u1ea1n\/obscuration, disturbance)<\/i>v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n<\/span> th\u1ea5y th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> (sila, samadhi, panna, vimutti, vimuttinanadasan<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong\u00a0Sakkasamyutta (m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp kinh trong T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/span>)\u00a0<\/i>(kinh S.i,233)\u00a0Sakka<\/i>\u00a0(l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n\/king of the devas, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, vai tr\u00f2<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng)<\/i>\u00a0c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i n\u00eau c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>: N\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> cho ai \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> cho\u00a0Sangha<\/i>\u00a0(T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>)<\/i>\u00a0s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span> r\u1eb1ng\u00a0“Sangha”<\/i>\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>. C\u0169ng xin l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span> th\u00eam l\u00e0 theo\u00a0Vinaya<\/i>\u00a0(T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt)<\/i>\u00a0th\u00ec ch\u1eef\u00a0“Sangha”<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau trong ch\u1ed1n ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n (Vin, i, 319)\u00a0(trong T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt)<\/i>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> trong c\u00e1c kinh\u00a0sutta<\/i>\u00a0(t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i kinh<\/span> trong Kinh T\u1ea1ng<\/span>)<\/i>\u00a0th\u00ec ch\u1eef\u00a0“Sangha”<\/i>\u00a0l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao qu\u00fd t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> (purisayugani de cattari, purisapuggala d\u2019attha<\/i>), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1- nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, 2- nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f2n quay l\u1ea1i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0(t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span> n\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>)<\/i>, 3- nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n quay l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa\u00a0(ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfp nh\u00e2n sinh<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd)<\/i>, 4- v\u00e0 sau h\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb\u00a0Arahant<\/i>\u00a0(A-la-h\u00e1n) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> qu\u1ea3 [ngay trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u00e0y]\u00a0(Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada “ph\u00e2n chia” c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> trong T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> theo b\u1ed1n c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> (catur-ariya-puggala): 1- c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc<\/i>sotapanna:\u00a0<\/i>\u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y (\u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp<\/span>, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> g\u00ec c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span>); 2- sacadagami: s\u1ebd c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span> n\u1eefa; 3- Anagami: s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> n\u1eefa sau khi t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t<\/span>; 3- Arahant: \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n ngay trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>)<\/i>. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span> vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kinh s\u00e1ch n\u00eau l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span> vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>.\u00a0Anguttara Nikaya<\/i>\u00a0(T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/span>)<\/i>\u00a0(kinh A, iv, 236) \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u00e1m nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0Asajja dana m deti<\/i>:\u00a0<\/i>cho v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch<\/span> g\u00e2y ra phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c xem \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n<\/span> hay nh\u1ee5c m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Bhaya dana m deti<\/i>: s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span> m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3\u00a0(ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1n<\/span>)<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Adasi me ti dana m deti:<\/i>\u00a0<\/i>cho v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i<\/span> m\u1ed9t \u00e2n hu\u1ec7<\/span> m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3\u00a0(s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n<\/span>)<\/i>. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

4.\u00a0Dassati me ti dana m deti<\/i>: cho v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng<\/span> s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00e2n hu\u1ec7<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai(h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9)<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

5<\/i>. Sadhu dana n ti dana m deti\u00a0<\/i>: cho v\u00ec xem \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

6. Aham pacami, ime ne pacanti, na arahami pacanto apacantanam adatun ti dana m deti<\/i>\u00a0: “T\u00f4i l\u00e0m b\u1ebfp, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng cung c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span> n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i l\u00e0m b\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0103n”. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n \u00e1i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

7.\u00a0Imam me dana m dadato kalyano kittisaddo abbhuggacchati ti dana m deti<\/i>\u00a0: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00ec hi\u1ebfu danh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

8.\u00a0Cittalankara-cittaparikkarattham dana m deti<\/i>\u00a0: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 “sang tr\u1ecdng” v\u00e0 “t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p” cho t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span> s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0(favoritism)<\/i>, thi\u1ebfu thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed<\/span> (dosa<\/i>)\u00a0(ill will\/c\u00f3 \u00fd x\u1ea5u)<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c<\/span> (moha)\u00a0(suy ngh\u0129<\/span> sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>)<\/i>\u00a0c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span> s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng.\u00a0 \u0110\u00f4i khi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n cha truy\u1ec1n con n\u1ed1i<\/span> trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>. Ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean tr\u1eddi sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> vui th\u00fa khi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> d\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> vui th\u00edch<\/span> (kinh A.iv, 236)\u00a0(s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kinh tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> b\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng<\/span> v\u00ec ngay v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00e1ch nay h\u01a1n hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u0103m n\u0103m, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng “c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y” hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span> h\u01a1n t\u1ea1i sao \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u1ea1i khuy\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi xa gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c)<\/i>.
<\/span><\/p>\n

Amisa Dana<\/i><\/b>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Dhamma dana<\/i>\u00a0<\/b>(Hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Danam\u2019ca dhammacariya ca (\u2026) etam mangalam uttamam<\/i>: H\u00e3y ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9<\/span> l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> t\u00e2m, h\u00e0nh x\u1eed l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh<\/span> l\u1edbn lao. H\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0(\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span> trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada)<\/i>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n r\u00f3t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n r\u00f3t th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa\u00a0(trong khi \u0111ang h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5<\/span>)<\/i>\u00a0nh\u1eb1m bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean ba l\u1ea7n c\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “Xin h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn cha m\u1eb9<\/span> t\u00f4i v\u00e0 mong r\u1eb1ng cha m\u1eb9<\/span> t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac”<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sau c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> tham d\u1ef1<\/span> l\u1ec5 c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u1ebft th\u01a1 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Adasi me, akasi me, natimitta sakha ca me<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

petanam dakkhinam dajja pubbe katam anussaram.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Na hi runnam va soko va ya c\u2019 anna paridevana,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

na tam petanam atthay\u00a0: evam titthanti natayo.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Ayan ca kho dakkhina dinna sanghamhi suppatitthita<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

digharattam hitay assa thanaso upakappati.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

4. So natidhammo ca ayam nidassito,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

petanam puja ca kata ulara,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

balan ca bhikkhunam anuppadinnam,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

tumhehi punnam pasutam anappakam<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

5. Yatha varivaha pura paripurenti sagaram,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

evam eva ito dinnam petanam upakappati.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

6. Unname udakam vattam yatha ninnam pavattati,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

evam eva ito dinnam petanam upakappati.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

7. Icchitam patthitam tuyham<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Khippam eva samijjhatu<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Sabbe purentu cittasamkappa<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Cando pannaraso yatha.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

1- Xin ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1edb: “Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng gi\u00fap t\u00f4i n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ra s\u1ee9c nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng t\u00f4i, d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9<\/span> t\u00f4i, b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu t\u00f4i, hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00f4i”. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4m nay lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebft \u01a1n<\/span> v\u00e0 xin h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111i. Kh\u00f3c than, ta th\u00e1n<\/span>, hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> tang ch\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u00edch l\u1ee3i<\/span> g\u00ec cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span>, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra th\u00eam kh\u1ed5 \u0111au cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.\u00a0\u00a0
<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

3- Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span>, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Sangha (T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>), s\u1ebd t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng n\u00e0y, trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1eadt l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span> trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

4- \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf<\/span>, n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/span> g\u1eafng t\u00f4n vinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span>, mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp gi\u00fap qu\u00fd v\u1ecb t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> cho m\u00ecnh. \u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

5<\/i><\/b>– T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111i.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

6<\/i><\/b>– T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0<\/b>nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con su\u1ed1i\u00a0<\/b>t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng thung l\u0169ng, c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xa.\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

7<\/i><\/b>– C\u1ea7u mong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> thi\u1ebft tha c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span>, tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea7ng tr\u0103ng r\u1eb1m<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c thi\u00a0dana<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e1ch r\u00f3t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1c, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0dakkhina<\/i>\u00a0hay s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng\u00a0(dakkhina c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>)<\/i>. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> nghi l\u1ec5<\/span> n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m n\u00f3i l\u00ean l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span> h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh th\u1ea3n<\/span> h\u01a1n n\u01a1i c\u00f5i b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span> m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>. Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5<\/span> ma chay<\/span> kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0matakabana<\/i>\u00a0hay “b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1”. Theo nghi l\u1ec5<\/span> n\u00e0y th\u00ec m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb s\u01b0 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span>, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ba ng\u00e0y sau khi ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t (ho\u1eb7c trong v\u00f2ng<\/span> b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y), \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span>. Th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m tu h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 nghe, v\u00e0 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng. Sau khi thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> xong th\u00ec nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> m\u1eddi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> th\u00e2n quy\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u1ebft th\u01a1 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0(nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y)<\/i>. Ba th\u00e1ng sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00eam m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed7i l\u1ec5 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> (sanghika dana<\/i>)\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t. Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span>. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi l\u1ec5<\/span> c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span>. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Do \u0111\u00f3 nghi l\u1ec5<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span> (mataka-dana<\/i>)\u00a0(mataka c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t)<\/i>. \u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi l\u1ec5<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> trong c\u00e1c c\u00f5i b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span> (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00f5i\u00a0peta\u00a0<\/i>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f5i ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7<\/span> \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t<\/span>) v\u00e0 \u0111ang ch\u1edd mong ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> cho m\u00ecnh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nay h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh linh<\/span>\u00a0peta<\/i>\u00a0n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng sao t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> cho m\u00ecnh\u00a0(ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hung d\u1eef, nham hi\u1ec3m<\/span>…ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng s\u00fac v\u1eadt<\/span>, v.v., n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>)<\/i>.\u00a0S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t<\/span> tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c sinh linh<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0: “c\u00e1c sinh linh<\/span> s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c” (paradatta-upajivi<\/i>). T\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf<\/span>. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m vua Bimbisara (T\u1ea7n-b\u00e0-sa-la) b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span> t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> th\u00e0nh qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3i\u00a0peta<\/i>\u00a0qu\u1ea5y ph\u00e1, l\u00fd do<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1ecb vua n\u00e0y ch\u1ec3nh m\u1ea3ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> cho h\u1ecd. Nh\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o n\u00ean vua Bimbisara b\u00e8n th\u1ef1c thi l\u1ec5 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0n qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> h\u01a1n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n qu\u1ea5y ph\u00e1 n\u1eefa (kinh Khp A. 202f; v\u00e0 kinh PvA 19ff). V\u00e0o d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> b\u00e0i kinh<\/span>\u00a0Tirokuddha Sutta (Pv 1.5, PTS Pv 14-25. C\u00e1c l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ea7u x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean trong nghi l\u1ec5<\/span> c\u00fang gi\u1ed7<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u00fd trong b\u00e0i kinh<\/span> n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Anh mang t\u1ef1a l\u00e0 “Hungry Shades ouside the walls” c\u1ee7a Thanissaro Bhikkhu, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a H.T. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span> mang t\u1ef1a l\u00e0 “Kinh ngo\u00e0i b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng”)<\/i>. Kinh n\u00e0y c\u00f2n cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0(c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 c\u00fang c\u00f4 h\u1ed3n<\/span>)<\/i>\u00a0th\u00ec c\u00e1c sinh linh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5<\/span> n\u00e0y mang nhi\u1ec1u n\u00e9t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nghi l\u1ec5<\/span>\u00a0sraddha<\/i>(nguy\u00ean ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tin<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edfng \/faith, confidence)<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi l\u1ec5<\/span> n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c<\/span> qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span> t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3i (peta<\/i>) m\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> n\u00e0y (kinh A. v, 269ff).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh\u00a0Ratana sutta<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

6. ye puggala attha satam pasattha<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

cattari etani yugani hontu<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

te dakkhineyya sugatassa savaka<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

etesu dinnani mahapphalani<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

idampi sanghe ratanam panitam<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

etena saccena suvatthi hotu<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

6-\u00a0<\/b>C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7<\/span> trung th\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia<\/span> th\u00e0nh t\u00e1m c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n c\u1eb7p (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>), v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh<\/span> h\u1ebft l\u1eddi t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> cho h\u1ecd s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0nh to l\u1edbn,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Mong sao nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span> \u1ea5y\u00a0(T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

(Sau khi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5<\/span> c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> trong c\u00e1c c\u00f5i \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t<\/span>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> d\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c<\/span>, th\u00ec nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> Parawahera Chandaratana n\u00eau l\u00ean ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span> 6 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y trong kinh Ratana Sutta (ratana c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fd\/vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o ch\u00e2u<\/span>, bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>) thay cho l\u1eddi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span>. Ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span> n\u00e0y gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/span> n\u00f3i l\u00ean vi\u1ec7c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> cho T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> “c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng” (b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>) mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/span>. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady ch\u0103m lo cho T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/span> ch\u0103m lo cho Dhamma (\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>), gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1<\/span> Dhamma. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span> v\u00e0 tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span>, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1p<\/span> l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span> v\u00e0 tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span>, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> th\u00e2m s\u00e2u<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. C\u1ea3 hai – ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> – \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng mang l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> cho nhau. \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> kinh Ratana Sutta (SN 2.1 ho\u1eb7c SN 222-238) tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng do Pyadassi Thera d\u1ecbch: http:\/\/www.accesstoinsight.org\/tipitaka\/kn\/snp\/snp.2.01.piya.html)<\/a><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0i l\u1eddi ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/span> nh\u1ea5t trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai<\/span> ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pa-li, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh s\u00e1ch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 “suy di\u1ec5n” c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> hay l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y<\/span>. Thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129<\/span> \u0111\u00f4i khi s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng<\/span>, l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> Ph\u1eadt\u00a0 gi\u00e1o. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span> l\u00e0 trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> Theravada m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00f3i chung. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n<\/span> mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span> – m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> th\u1ef1c thi – Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c thi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/span> th\u1eadt s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. V\u1eady b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt<\/span> – t\u1ee9c l\u00e0\u00a0Dhamma<\/i>\u00a0hay\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/i>\u00a0– cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng th\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span> l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span> bi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap h\u1ecd v\u00e0 mong h\u1ecd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang ra hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> th\u1eadt k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7<\/span> N\u0103m Gi\u1edbi<\/span> Lu\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> (kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sinh<\/span>, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/span>, t\u00e0 d\u00e2m<\/span>, n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i<\/span>, say s\u01b0a nghi\u1ec7n ng\u1eadp), v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/span> hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 an vui cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung<\/span> ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 s\u00e1t sinh<\/span> n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7<\/span> qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> n\u00e0o g\u00e2y ra chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 hung b\u1ea1o, n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i<\/span>, tham nh\u0169ng, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span> \u0103n h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u, \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0 d\u00e2m<\/span> v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb con v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, \u0103n ch\u01a1i<\/span> v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7n ng\u1eadp ma t\u00fay<\/span>, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span> ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cao c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/span> bi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span> th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1c, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, c\u00e1c th\u00f3i t\u1ee5c d\u00e2n gian. N\u00f3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u00f3. Kinh s\u00e1ch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> n\u00e0y, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c “ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o”, ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c “th\u00eam th\u1eaft” v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> “l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c” \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span>, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> h\u00e3y th\u1eed nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00eau l\u00ean th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i kinh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i kinh<\/span>\u00a0Issattha Sutta<\/i>\u00a0(SN 3.24, ho\u1eb7c S, i. 98) thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u1ec1 vua x\u1ee9 Ki\u1ec1u-t\u00e1t-la tham v\u1ea5n<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef\u00a0Issattha<\/i>, t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i kinh<\/span>, l\u00e0\u00a0Cung t\u00ean<\/i>, nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Thanissaro Bhikkhu d\u1ecbch l\u00e0\u00a0Archery Skills<\/i>, t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0\u00a0Thu\u1eadt b\u1eafn cung<\/i>, H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span> th\u00ec d\u1ecbch l\u00e0\u00a0Kinh cung thu\u1eadt<\/i>. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1ebft b\u00e0i kinh<\/span> th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00e0o hay m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef n\u00e0o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0cung t\u00ean<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ea3. V\u1eady ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i kinh<\/span> n\u00e0y? Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> h\u00e3y t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0y sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> xem n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i kinh<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn cung t\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vua x\u1ee9 Ki\u1ec1u-t\u00e1t-la h\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00ean mang v\u1eadt hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> r\u1eb1ng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e2u n\u00e0y nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> Thinassaro d\u1ecbch r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0:\u00a0Where the mind feels confidence<\/i>,\u00a0great king<\/i>, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec H.T. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span> l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch l\u00e0:Th\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o, t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hoan h\u1ef7<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sau c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y vua x\u1ee9 Ki\u1ec1u-t\u00e1t-la l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp:\u00a0Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u1eadt hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng n\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0n\u01a1i n\u00e0o<\/b>th\u00ec s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn lao nh\u1ea5t?<\/i>\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y:\u00a0V\u1eadt hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng n\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0cho ai<\/b>\u00a0th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t?<\/i>\u00a0\u00a0V\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> l\u00e0 n\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> (hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng) cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i vua x\u1ee9 Ki\u1ec1u-t\u00e1t-la r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn s\u1eafp b\u00f9ng l\u00ean th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa hai chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 tr\u1ebb sau \u0111\u00e2y:\u00a0“m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng quen tr\u1eadn m\u1ea1c, v\u00f4 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>, kinh ho\u00e0ng<\/span>, h\u00e8n nh\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y, hay l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, quen tr\u1eadn m\u1ea1c, tr\u1ecdng k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng kinh<\/span> ho\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng h\u00e8n nh\u00e1t<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y”.<\/i>\u00a0[…] Sau c\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0“C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, N\u1ebfu\u00a0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 – d\u00f9 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o – v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb cho m\u00ecnh n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 to l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. V\u1eady n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 1- tham d\u1ee5c<\/span>, 2- t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> x\u1ea5u xa<\/span>, 3- l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1edd \u0111\u1eabn, 4- b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng<\/span>, 5- do d\u1ef1<\/span>. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i>. V\u00e0 n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 trang b\u1ecb cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 trang b\u1ecb cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa h\u01a1n<\/span> c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp…, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m<\/span> th\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa h\u01a1n<\/span> c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp…, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa h\u01a1n<\/span> c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>…, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa h\u01a1n<\/span> c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp…, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa h\u01a1n<\/span> s\u1ef1 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 trang b\u1ecb cho m\u00ecnh”<\/i>. […] (theo b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Thanissaro Bhikkhu).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u00e0i kinh<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> trong vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp<\/span> h\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> cho h\u1ecd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/span> mang l\u1ea1i th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn lao, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y n\u1ebfu tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i kinh<\/span> th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “Thu\u1eadt cung t\u00ean” mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1eaft ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 II sau T\u00e2y L\u1ecbch \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>, v\u00e0 kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span> m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> k\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 III sau T\u00e2y L\u1ecbch tr\u00ean b\u00e1n l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng<\/span> 1.500 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y L\u1ecbch. \u0110\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ec1m, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> hi\u1ebfm hoi, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi<\/span> nh\u01b0 dao m\u00e1c s\u1eafc b\u00e9n. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> cung t\u00ean, do \u0111\u00f3\u00a0“Thu\u1eadt cung t\u00ean”,<\/i>t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i kinh<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> bao qu\u00e1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0\u00a0“Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt chi\u1ebfn tranh”<\/i>\u00a0(art of war\/l’art de la guerre)<\/i>, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i kinh<\/span> l\u00e0\u00a0“Thu\u1eadt binh \u0111ao”\u00a0<\/i>t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi<\/span> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd h\u1ea7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u00eam ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. S\u1edf d\u0129<\/span> d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kinh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u0103m n\u0103m trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n ng\u00e0y nay, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> cho t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00f9y theo<\/span> tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u<\/span> h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua th\u00ec n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a Thanissaro Bhikkhu tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H.T. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span> d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Pa-li nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0“Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u0103m chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7? V\u00f4 h\u1ecdc<\/span> gi\u1edbi u\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh u\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc<\/span> tu\u1ec7 u\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t u\u1ea9n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span> u\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7. N\u0103m chi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7”<\/i>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span> b\u1ecb b\u1ebf t\u1eafc l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tho\u00e1ng \u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span> ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/span> n\u00e0o khi th\u1ed1t l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u01b0\u1edbc mong<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> h\u01a1n n\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/span> gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong<\/span> c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Hu\u1ea5n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00f3i chung.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span> trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> Parawahera Chandaratana c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u00e1o hi\u1ebfu<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 qua c\u1ed1, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n. Ng\u00e0y nay d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f2n m\u1ea5y ai c\u00fang gi\u1ed7<\/span> \u00f4ng b\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9<\/span> n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 ch\u0103m ch\u0103m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o con c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee9 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ng\u1ed7 ngh\u1ecbch<\/span>. Th\u1eadt h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span> r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0103n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i<\/span> khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng<\/span>. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, b\u1edfi v\u00ec – ngo\u00e0i nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i mang – th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> cho ch\u00fang v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ti\u1ec7n nghi<\/span>, v\u00e0 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t \u0111i l\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i cho ch\u00fang nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u0103m lo m\u00e2m c\u01a1m trong ng\u00e0y gi\u1ed7 cho cha m\u1eb9<\/span>, th\u1eafp m\u1ed9t n\u00e9n h\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00ecn l\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd<\/span>, r\u01a1m r\u1edbm n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho con c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o. Ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd<\/span> t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111\u00e1y ng\u0103n k\u00e9o m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9<\/span> m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u0103n d\u00e0i tr\u00ean m\u00e1, th\u00ec gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 trong con tim m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho cha m\u1eb9<\/span>, g\u1eedi g\u1ea5m cho con c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f2n mang theo<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ghi ch\u00fa n\u00e0y c\u0169ng xin thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t giai tho\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/span> Ryokan (1758-1831), su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4 qu\u1ea1nh<\/span> trong r\u1eebng n\u00fai. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi em trai n\u01a1i l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea t\u00ean l\u00e0 Yushi, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con trai t\u00ean l\u00e0 Umanosuke r\u1ea5t h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, b\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ng\u1ed7 ngh\u1ecbch<\/span>, c\u1ea3 l\u00e0ng ai c\u0169ng gh\u00e9t, h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng<\/span> th\u00ec lo bu\u1ed3n. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> b\u1ed7ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed t\u00ecm Ryokan \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9. H\u1ecd d\u00f2 h\u1ecfi<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc am c\u1ecf heo h\u00fat trong khu r\u1eebng Kugami.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Khi nghe c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1u, Ryokan r\u1ea5t \u0111au bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng em n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> r\u1eddi am v\u00e0i h\u00f4m \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng xem sao<\/span>. Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi em, Ryokan kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. H\u00f4m sau, h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m v\u00e0 x\u00ec x\u1ea7m v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> r\u1eb1ng: “Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f4m nay Ryokan s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3ng cho th\u1eb1ng Umanosuke m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc”, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> gi\u1eef y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e9 m\u00f4i<\/span>. Sang ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> l\u1ea1i hy v\u1ecdng<\/span> Ryokan s\u1ebd ng\u1ecf l\u1eddi<\/span> khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ee9a ch\u00e1u h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, nh\u01b0ng Ryokan l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n v\u00e0 y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, Ryokan chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> am v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i \u00f4ng ch\u1eafp tay<\/span> c\u00e1o bi\u1ec7t<\/span> t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed3i b\u01b0\u1edbc ra<\/span> ph\u00eda c\u1eeda. \u00d4ng c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7m hai chi\u1ebfc d\u00e9p r\u01a1m, ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf v\u00e0 quay l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Umanosuke r\u1eb1ng:
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – “N\u00e0y Umanosuke, con \u0111\u1eebng phi\u1ec1n B\u00e1c nh\u00e9, con gi\u00fap B\u00e1c bu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4i d\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? B\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0 r\u1ed3i, s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m nay B\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng khom xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c d\u00e9p\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u00f4 l\u1ec5<\/span> c\u1ee7a Umanosuke, th\u00ec b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span> \u00f4n h\u00f2a<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ryokan, Umanosuke \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ef3 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c d\u00e9p cho Ryokan. B\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean c\u1eadu c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u01b0\u01a1n \u01b0\u1edbt tr\u00ean g\u00e1y, \u0111\u01b0a tay r\u1edd c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ng\u1ea9ng \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> l\u00ean, c\u1eadu ch\u1ee3t nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Ryokan chan h\u00f2a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng g\u00e1y c\u1ee7a Umanosuke. C\u1eadu ta c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> bu\u1ed9c d\u00e9p. Ryokan \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u1eb3ng l\u1eb7ng<\/span> ra \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00e0o n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t nh\u1ea1t nh\u00f2a v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1eeb bi<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Ryokan \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i<\/span> Umanosuke. C\u1eadu b\u00e9 b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngoan ngo\u00e3n<\/span> v\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh<\/span>, khi\u1ebfn cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 l\u00e0ng ai c\u0169ng m\u1ebfn y\u00eau, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1eadu l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3<\/span> h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh<\/span>. Sau khi con th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> th\u00ec Yushi c\u0169ng c\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i tu. Sau n\u00e0y, khi Yushi qua \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i n\u0103m th\u00ec Umanosuke \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed l\u00ean l\u00e0m x\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 cha v\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu khi x\u01b0a. (tr\u00edch trong quy\u1ec3n:\u00a0“Ryokan, g\u00e3 thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i Ngu<\/span> c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n<\/span> tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng”<\/i>, nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n V\u0103n H\u00f3a<\/span> Saigon, 2009. \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y tr\u00ean Th\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n Hoa Sen<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t g\u1ecb\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft r\u1ea5t ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c<\/span> nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/span> cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bures-Sur-Yvette, 27.11.15<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Hoang Phong<\/b>\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm xem b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> Parawahera Chandaratana tr\u00ean c\u00e1c trang m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.buddhaline.net\/Don-sacre-et-don-profane-dans-le<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.buddhachannel.tv\/portail\/spip.php?article2008&id_document=8505<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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