{"id":7654,"date":"2020-12-05T04:25:14","date_gmt":"2020-12-04T21:25:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/05\/luan-ve-khong-bat-nha\/"},"modified":"2020-12-05T04:25:14","modified_gmt":"2020-12-04T21:25:14","slug":"luan-ve-khong-bat-nha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/05\/luan-ve-khong-bat-nha\/","title":{"rendered":"Lu\u1eadn V\u1ec1 Kh\u00f4ng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

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LU\u1eacN V\u1ec0 KH\u00d4NG B\u00c1T NH\u00c3<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma<\/span><\/span>
H\u1ed3ng Nh\u01b0<\/span> d\u1ecbch<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Lu\u1eadn

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NH\u00c2N V\u00d4 NG\u00c3<\/span> V\u00c0 PH\u00c1P V\u00d4 NG\u00c3<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span>, h\u00e3y th\u1eed t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> qua ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> s\u00e2u h\u01a1n \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span> thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed7i c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u0103ng ni<\/span> \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> c\u00f3 ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3’ (ti\u1ebfng T\u1ea1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 druptha). M\u1ecdi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui n\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> l\u1edbn th\u1eddi \u00c2n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ed5, x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb th\u00f4 t\u1edbi t\u1ebf theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0<\/span> sau: T\u00ec b\u00e0 sa<\/span> b\u1ed9 [Vaibhashika], Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9<\/span> [Sautrantika], Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> [Ch\u1ec9ttamatra] v\u00e0 Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> [Madhyamaka].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> n\u00f3i chung d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span>, l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> vi t\u1ebf<\/span> nh\u1ea5t. Qu\u00ed v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eady<\/span> sao c\u00f2n t\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng<\/span> t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9?<\/span><\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec7t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> cho th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span>, v\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> c\u1ea7n x\u00e9t cho k\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1c ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. Ba t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u1ea1c ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn bao qu\u00e1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u1ecfi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> c\u0169ng gi\u00fap th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00e2m th\u00fay<\/span> nh\u1ea5t, tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>; mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. Tuy v\u1eady, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> c\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 hai lo\u1ea1i v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>. \u201cNh\u00e2n\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> r\u1ea5t m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u201cc\u00e1i t\u00f4i\u201d, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. \u201cPh\u00e1p\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3 t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> ch\u00ednh trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, hai t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 T\u00ec b\u00e0 sa<\/span> b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9<\/span> ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span> t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>. Hai t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> sau l\u00e0 Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, cho r\u1eb1ng quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> n\u1ebfu gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> \u1edf ph\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, s\u1ebd c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf<\/span> kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> m\u1ecdi ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i<\/span> phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>, nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea7n sau ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd d\u1ecbp n\u00f3i t\u1edbi. V\u1eady ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span> v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> tuy \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> l\u1edbn lao, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M<\/span> C\u1ee6A DUY TH\u1ee8C<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i chung con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> gi\u00e1c quan<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt<\/span>, ch\u1eb3ng ch\u00fat th\u1eafc m\u1eafc. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> lu\u00f4n ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 tin r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y sao th\u00ec s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i<\/span> \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> khi th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> kh\u00e1ch quan, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 tin ngay r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> kh\u00e1ch quan. Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3<\/span> ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y, m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> kh\u00e1ch quan th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c<\/span> ch\u00fat n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> gi\u00e1c quan<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> ch\u00ednh: gi\u00e1c quan<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c quan<\/span>, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> . Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span> ch\u1ee7 quan<\/span>: th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu<\/span> hay kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. R\u1ed3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u l\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> kh\u00e1ch quan s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> ph\u00f3ng \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/span> t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u00f3 khi d\u1ea5y l\u00ean m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i<\/span> kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> cho l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u xa<\/span> \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00e9t<\/span> v\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn luy\u1ebfn<\/span> ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta<\/span> cho l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u00e1ng \u01b0a. Nh\u01b0ng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u201c\u0111\u00e1ng \u01b0a\u201d. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u0111\u00e1ng \u01b0a n\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 quan<\/span>. N\u00ean th\u1eed t\u1ef1 x\u00e9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1ec1 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> s\u1eafc n\u00e9t, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span>. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> kh\u00e1ch quan, c\u00f3 th\u1eadt \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Nh\u00ecn tr\u00ean kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>, quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch: th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u00ec s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt<\/span> l\u00f2ng quy\u1ebfn luy\u1ebfn<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1eady Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/span> kh\u00e1ch quan, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> ch\u1ee7 quan<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0<\/span> t\u00f4ng Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c<\/span>, t\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> khi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1ch quan ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u k\u00fd ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span> ri\u00eang.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> do t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng. B\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111en v\u00e0 \u0111en th\u00e0nh tr\u1eafng t\u00f9y theo<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7<\/span> quan n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng s\u1eafc th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0nh th\u1ee9c\u201d [s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>, \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>, ch\u1ee7 th\u1ee9c] n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en<\/span> s\u1ebd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn<\/span>, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1t nh\u00e3<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a l\u00ean kinh Gi\u1ea3i th\u1ea7m m\u1eadt (Samdh\u1ec9n\u1ec9rmochana-sutra), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> thuy\u1ebft g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cba t\u00e1nh”\u201d. Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 ba t\u00ednh<\/span> ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh. T\u00e1nh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> do y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. R\u1ed3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng duy\u00ean sinh<\/span> n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn<\/span> g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp<\/span>, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span> trong t\u00e2m ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> l\u1ea7m cho l\u00e0 th\u1eadt. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh<\/span>, l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i v\u1eafng b\u1eb7t v\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5p<\/span>, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u mang \u0111\u1ee7 ba t\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, n\u00ean Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef kh\u00f4ng-c\u00f3-t\u1ef1-t\u00e1nh trong h\u1ec7 kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3<\/span> c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a, t\u00f9y \u0111ang n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1nh n\u00e0o. Theo Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span>, n\u00f3i hi\u1ec7n-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng-t\u00f9y-thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span> kh\u1edfi sinh, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh sinh ra m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3i hi\u1ec7n-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng-gi\u1ea3-l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span>, l\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh; s\u1eafc th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> ch\u1ec9 do t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. Sau h\u1ebft, n\u00f3i hi\u1ec7n-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng-vi\u00ean-th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span>, l\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng tr\u00fa \u1edf th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ngay ch\u00ednh t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> kh\u00e1ch quan tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>. Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> d\u00f9ng thuy\u1ebft ba t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> chia kinh Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: kinh mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span> [li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a<\/span>], c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en<\/span>, v\u00e0 kinh mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> giai \u0111o\u1ea1n [b\u1ea5t li\u1ec5u<\/span> ngh\u0129a], kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> ngh\u0129a \u0111en<\/span> m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a kinh. Sau khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span> k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, n\u1ebfu \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u1eabn trong s\u00e1ng<\/span> r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> – \u00edt ra l\u00e0 qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb trong Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> – th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kinh ngh\u0129a r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span>. C\u00f2n gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn<\/span> v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i kinh c\u1ea7n l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i<\/span> r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi theo kh\u1ebf kinh\u201d . Ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span> a l\u1ea1i da<\/span> th\u1ee9c” (a\u1ec9aya v\u1ecb\u1ecbnana) l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span>, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i t\u00f4i. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1i t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n<\/span> qua c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c th\u00f4 l\u1eadu, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> n\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 khi b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh, khi ng\u1ee7 say, hay khi tham thi\u1ec1n<\/span> nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> v\u1eafng b\u1eb7t m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>. A l\u1ea1i da th\u1ee9c<\/span> gi\u00fap Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh<\/span> h\u01a1n. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, a l\u1ea1i da th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u k\u00fd b\u1ed1n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng (20) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nghi\u1ec7p l\u01b0u k\u00fd l\u1ea1i. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng<\/span> \u201ct\u00f4i l\u00e0\u201d d\u1ea5y l\u00ean t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a a l\u1ea1i da th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi ri\u00eang l\u00e0 m\u1ea1t na<\/span> th\u1ee9c1″. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1m lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c: n\u0103m th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> n\u0103m gi\u00e1c quan<\/span>, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>, m\u1ea1t na th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 a l\u1ea1i da th\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

NGH\u0128A R\u1ed0T R\u00c1O<\/span> V\u00c0 NGH\u0128A GIAI \u0110O\u1ea0N<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt lu\u00f4n d\u1ea1y ph\u00e1p t\u00f9y theo<\/span> nhu c\u1ea7u khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng<\/span> nhu c\u1ea7u phong ph\u00fa<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. Trong ph\u1ea7n v\u1eeba qua, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa kinh ngh\u0129a r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 kinh ngh\u0129a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span>. Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/span> ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh n\u00e0o mang ngh\u0129a r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span>, kinh n\u00e0o mang ngh\u0129a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 nhau: tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng xem \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt; ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> x\u00e9t xem Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> trong khung c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o; sau c\u00f9ng, x\u00e9t xem hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en<\/span> c\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn<\/span> trong l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span> gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt d\u1eb7n Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> ph\u1ea3i mang l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ra th\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ee3 kim ho\u00e0n th\u1eed v\u00e0ng. Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y, c\u1eaft x\u00e9n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng<\/span> s\u00e1ng lo\u00e1ng<\/span> r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi quy\u1ebft ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 v\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> cho ph\u00e9p<\/span> Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> mang ch\u00ednh l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt ra ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed5 x\u1ebb, khuy\u00ean Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>, ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng<\/span> r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u201cch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span> nh\u1eadn v\u00ec l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng (21)\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Noi theo l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> th\u1eddi \u00c2n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ed5, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc<\/span> vi\u1ec7n Na-lan-\u0111\u00e0, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh<\/span> l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 ph\u1ee5<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t k\u00ednh. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t qu\u00e2n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf th\u00e2n<\/span>, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb cao t\u0103ng<\/span> \u00c2n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t qu\u00e2n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2m hi\u1ec3u kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3<\/span> h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 s\u01b0 ph\u1ee5<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 ph\u1ee5<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span> B\u00e1t nh\u00e3<\/span> thu\u1eadn theo<\/span> quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i Alak Dam choe Tsang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y cao tr\u1ecdng d\u00f2ng Nyingma v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn, t\u00ean Ju Mipham. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng<\/span> k\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u01b0 ph\u1ee5<\/span>, Alak Dam choe Tsang v\u1eabn l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng<\/span> ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ju Mipham. Nghe n\u00f3i c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a Alak Damchoe Tsang h\u1ecfi th\u1ea7y m\u00ecnh d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 ph\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng. Alak Damchoe Tsang tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> ngay r\u1eb1ng d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>, n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>, v\u1eabn n\u00ean m\u1eddi s\u01b0 ph\u1ee5<\/span> suy ngh\u0129<\/span> l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u00e2u, \u201ch\u00e3y t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t s\u1edf h\u1ecdc\u201d. C\u00e2u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> cho th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p<\/span> y, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1ng tin<\/span> c\u1eady. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1. d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>; 2. d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span>; 3. d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> giai \u0111o\u1ea1n; 4. d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span> .<\/span><\/p>\n

QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M<\/span> C\u1ee6A TRUNG QU\u00c1N<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi<\/span> Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span>, Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span> B\u00e1t nh\u00e3<\/span> mang ngh\u0129a r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span>. C\u00e2u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh\u201d, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en<\/span>. Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/span>. Trong B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt \u0110a<\/span> M\u01b0\u1eddi V\u1ea1n C\u00e2u’, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> qua c\u00e2u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>. V\u1eady, theo Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3<\/span> l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en<\/span>, v\u00e0 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> tho\u1ea1t nh\u00ecn t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y. Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span> hay l\u00e0 gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. Ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f3<\/span> th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> an l\u1ea1c<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n<\/span> s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>. T\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> – kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 trong hay ngo\u00e0i, t\u00e2m hay c\u1ea3nh- l\u00e0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span>. Hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> m\u1ecdi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/span> phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>, trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ea3nh hu\u1ed1ng<\/span> n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0<\/span> ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span>, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Trung Qu\u00e1n<\/span> Du Gi\u00e0<\/span> [Yogachara-Madhyamaka], v\u1eabn ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span> kh\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/span> nh\u01b0 Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span> t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u<\/span> l\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai. Tuy v\u1eady, n\u00f3i chung, Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u00ec ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/span> th\u1eadt ra ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> g\u00ec.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span>, Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> c\u00f2n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u00ec, theo Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span>, mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/span>, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t t\u1eed t\u1ed1i s\u01a1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n. H\u1ea1t t\u1eed nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>, l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> kh\u00e1ch quan. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> nguy\u00ean t\u1eed tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>, n\u00ean Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span> v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>. L\u00e0 v\u00ec, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1ed1i s\u01a1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n trong th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c<\/span> t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>, t\u00f9y duy\u00ean<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia<\/span> th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> r\u1eddi. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span>. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> suy lu\u1eadn<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng tham \u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/span> hay n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

HAI H\u1ec6 PH\u00c1I TRUNG QU\u00c1N<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 s\u01b0<\/span> Trung qu\u00e1n t\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span>, m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh t\u0103ng<\/span> \u00c2n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ea3n Lu\u1eadn. Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span> Trung Qu\u1ea3n Lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a ba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0<\/span> \u00c2n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt H\u1ed9”, Thanh Bi\u1ec7n<\/span> ” v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng<\/span>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> l\u1edbn. Ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n<\/span> ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt H\u1ed9<\/span> n\u00eau ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt H\u1ed9<\/span>, ng\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng<\/span> vi\u1ebft b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span> Trung Qu\u1ea3n Lu\u1eadn r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, mang t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 Minh C\u00fa Lu\u1eadn<\/span> (Prasanapada).<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt H\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u201c\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> chung\u201dvl. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng chung<\/span> m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n<\/span> tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> kh\u00e1ch quan kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn, v\u1eady c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3i v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> -ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i t\u00f4i- m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> do t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3 t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> [u\u1ea9n], th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng<\/span> t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/span> c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d \u1ee9ng v\u00e0o, v\u1eabn c\u00f3<\/span> th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u1ef1c c\u00f3. Ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span>, n\u1ebfu truy l\u00f9ng s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng<\/span>, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y, Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> chia th\u00e0nh hai h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i tri\u1ebft l\u00fd bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt H\u1ed9<\/span> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span> trong Trung Qu\u1ea3n Lu\u1eadn’, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 phi l\u00fd<\/span> (ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 prasanga)’. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p ph\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9ng”, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd<\/span> c\u00f3 trong ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> theo c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> tam \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span> lu\u1eadn”. V\u00ec ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebf tam \u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn<\/span> t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp<\/span>, n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Svatantr\u1ec9ka-Madhyam\u1ec9ka, hay l\u00e0 \u201cTrung qu\u00e1n Y t\u1ef1<\/span> kh\u1edfi\u201d, c\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> ph\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt H\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Prasangika-Madhyamika, Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> C\u1ee5 duy\u00ean. Ph\u00e1i Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> Y t\u1ef1<\/span> kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0<\/span> nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i Jnanagarbhalv k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/span>, c\u00f2n Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> C\u1ee5 duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt H\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 T\u1ecbch Thi\u00eanv k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt H\u1ed9<\/span> v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ea3n Lu\u1eadn s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span> nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span>, c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh V\u1ef1c<\/span> qui \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u Trung Qu\u1ea3n Lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch sinh<\/span> ra c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt: t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c n\u00f3, t\u1eeb v\u1eeba ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 v\u1eeba kh\u00e1c n\u00f3, t\u1eeb ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span> b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt H\u1ed9<\/span> nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/span> r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu mang qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi sinh ra qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span>, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi sinh. Tuy v\u1eady, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u1eabn do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f3, n\u00ean ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt H\u1ed9<\/span> n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> qui \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n n\u00f3i th\u00eam n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> kh\u00e1ch quan th\u00ec khi mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, l\u1ebd ra kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> t\u00f9y v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i cho n\u00ean t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd<\/span> v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt H\u1ed9<\/span> \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u1edfi sinh \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> trong ngh\u0129a r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1eabn c\u00f3<\/span> t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> trong ngh\u0129a qui \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/span> ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt H\u1ed9<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>. Trong b\u1ed9 B\u1ed5 Xung Trung Qu\u1ea3n Lu\u1eadn, ng\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng<\/span> kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 – l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span> nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au hay vui s\u01b0\u1edbng- v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 xuy\u00ean qua<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> qui \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>, tuy v\u1eady ch\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> qui \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> \u1ea5y v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. Theo ng\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng<\/span>, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng<\/span>. Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00c1NH KH\u00d4NG<\/span> V\u00c0 DUY\u00caN KH\u1edeI<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> C\u1ee5 duy\u00ean, \u201ct\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> l\u1ea1i ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3. V\u1eady c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ra, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Trong Trung Qu\u1ea3n Lu\u1eadn, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 24, ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> t\u00f9y duy\u00ean<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. Ba h\u1ec7 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd ngo\u00e0i Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> \u201ct\u00f9y duy\u00ean\u201d l\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 duy\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> C\u1ee5 duy\u00ean th\u00ec \u201ct\u00f9y duy\u00ean\u201d ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u1eadp danh’ [l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh<\/span>].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi kinh Ph\u1eadt. Trong V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec7t<\/span> N\u00e3o v\u1ea5n Kinh” c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f9y v\u00e0o duy\u00ean t\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 sinh ra th\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 sinh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span>. Kinh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i:<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb duy\u00ean sinh<\/span> ra, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span> <\/span>
V\u00ec s\u1ef1 sinh ra v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> <\/span>
S\u1ef1 n\u00e0o t\u00f9y duy\u00ean<\/span>, s\u1ef1 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng <\/span>
Ai bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> (22)<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh T\u1eadp<\/span> Lu\u1eadn (Sutrasamuccaya) c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span>, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 T\u1eadp B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> H\u1ecdc Lu\u1eadn (Shiksasamurcaya) c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i T\u1ecbch Thi\u00ean<\/span>. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, ng\u00e0i T\u1ecbch Thi\u00ean<\/span> c\u00f3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ” th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i T\u1ecbch Thi\u00ean<\/span> k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>, v\u1eady v\u00ec l\u00fd do<\/span> g\u00ec T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> l\u1ea1i n\u00eau ra c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>, ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. N\u1ebfu thuy\u1ebft t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, v\u1eady n\u00eau ra t\u1eebng m\u00f3n m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span> v\u00f4 \u00edch<\/span> l\u1eafm sao? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span>. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u qua ngh\u0129a duy\u00ean sinh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> C\u1ee5 duy\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span>. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/span> ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3<\/span> s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi c\u01a1 s\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh. V\u1edbi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span> \u1ea5y, ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Trung qu\u00e1n<\/span> C\u1ee5 duy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> vi t\u1ebf<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00edch t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 9:<\/span>
TINH T\u00daY<\/span> B\u00c1T NH\u00c3 T\u00c2M KINH<\/span><\/b>
\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma<\/span> gi\u1ea3ng
H\u1ed3ng Nh\u01b0<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/p><\/div>\n

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