{"id":7684,"date":"2020-12-05T04:37:25","date_gmt":"2020-12-04T21:37:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/05\/khong-co-nga-cung-khong-co-vo-nga\/"},"modified":"2020-12-05T04:37:25","modified_gmt":"2020-12-04T21:37:25","slug":"khong-co-nga-cung-khong-co-vo-nga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/05\/khong-co-nga-cung-khong-co-vo-nga\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u00f4ng C\u00f3 Ng\u00e3, C\u0169ng Kh\u00f4ng C\u00f3 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma<\/span> <\/span>
KH\u00d4NG C\u00d3 NG\u00c3, C\u0168NG KH\u00d4NG C\u00d3 V\u00d4 NG\u00c3<\/span> <\/span>

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t: \u0110\u1eb7ng H\u1eefu Ph\u00fac <\/span><\/span>
Tr\u00edch t\u1eeb: Trung \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span>. Ch\u00ednh t\u00edn<\/span> c\u0103n c\u1ee9 trong Suy l\u00ed. <\/span>
B\u00e0i 3. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3<\/span>. (The Dalai Lama. The Middle Way. <\/span>
Faith grounded in Reasoning. Wisdom, 2009.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Kh\u00f4ng


<\/b><\/span>7. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span>. K\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> XVIII. 6<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn,
<\/i>\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u1edbi v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>.
<\/i>Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p,
<\/i>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y. Trong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u1edf d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u201cNg\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn\u201d, quy chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> phi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> \/ th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>, b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb, b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/span> (independent, unitary, unchanging reality). M\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/span> (eternal atman) ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e3 (self), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> phi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, t\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 S\u1ed1 Lu\u1eadn<\/span> (Samkhya).<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng<\/span> (kho\u1ea3ng 600-650) \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ng\u00e3 n\u00e0y trong \u201cNh\u1eadp Trung \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d (Entering the Middle Way \/ Madhyamakavatara) nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span>,
<\/i>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i>\u00a0t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(T\u1ee5ng VI.121 ab)<\/span>
(tirthikas: c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00f2ng th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> quy chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a phi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> Charvaka. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 Charvaka l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span> duy v\u1eadt<\/span> (materialists), v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, khi th\u00e2n di\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi (ng\u00e3) c\u0169ng di\u1ec7t lu\u00f4n. Do \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f2ng th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec quy chi\u1ebfu t\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> duy v\u1eadt<\/span> b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, hai d\u00f2ng cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u00ednh quan<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a hai d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7u: \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/span> b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi th\u00e2n. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> ho\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/span>, trong khi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> th\u1ee9 hai gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u<\/span> ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng<\/span> th\u00e0nh th\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang<\/span> m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span> thu\u1eadn c\u1ea3 hai quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Trong c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch<\/span> n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ecdc d\u00f2ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u201cNg\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn\u201d \u00fd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> (mental disposition: bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1<\/span> \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eddi v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>), c\u00e1c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> trong gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c u\u1ea9<\/span>l\u1eadp <\/span>n. T\u1ec9 d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span>, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> r\u1eb1ng n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb mang v\u00e1c g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, d\u00f2ng th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u1edbi v\u00f4 ng\u00e3\u201d, bi\u1ec3u t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4 xem v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3ng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i<\/span> ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 — \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> Duy Th\u1ee9c<\/span> (the Mind Only school). H\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> Duy Th\u1ee9c<\/span> gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> ba t\u00ednh<\/span> (three natures), trong \u0111\u00f3\u00a0t\u00ednh vi\u00ean<\/b>\u00a0th\u00e0nh<\/b>\u00a0(the perfected nature) — l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00ednh y tha<\/span><\/b>\u00a0(the dependent nature) khi n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3\u00a0t\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf<\/span><\/b>\u00a0(the imputed nature) — \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

(The Mind Only school teaches a doctrine of three nature, where the\u00a0perfected nature<\/b>\u00a0\u2013 which is the dependent nature<\/b>\u00a0devoid of the\u00a0imputed nature<\/b>\u00a0\u2013 is understood to be truly existent)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> trong khi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> ng\u00e3 t\u00ednh<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 Trung Qu\u00e1n<\/span> b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y hai d\u00f2ng cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu\u201d. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, th\u1ebf n\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> ngay ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>, c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh t\u00ednh v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> di\u1ec7u ngh\u0129a th\u00e2m m\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u01a1n bi\u1ec7t, g\u1ed3m ngay c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

(Buddha not only rejected the intrinsic existence of the person, therefore teaching no-self, but also rejected even any intrinsic, absolute existence of selflessness itself. This is the profound view of the emptiness of every single phenomenon, including even emptiness)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn chung cu\u1ed9c<\/span> c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> ho\u00e1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> (b\u1edfi v\u00ec hi\u1ec3u sai t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>), \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span>. \u1ede \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c trong b\u1ea3n v\u0103n, Ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p \/ hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>. N\u1ebfu t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u1eadt c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> ho\u1eb7c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> (tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> = kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/span>), l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> quy chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> l\u00e0 tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (irreparable view), tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

(Nagarjuna then refers to the view of grasping at the intrinsic reality of emptiness as an irreparable view that cannot be repaired or corrected) (Stanza XIII, 7).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(* Xem ch\u00fa th\u00edch cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i ghi: \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t lai l\u1ea1t ma<\/span> n\u00f3i: Ngay c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>, n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta<\/span> n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>.\u0110HP)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> gi\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec trong k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> XVIII.7<\/span><\/p>\n

——————-<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 e s\u1ee3 danh t\u1eeb V\u00d4 NG\u00c3<\/span> c\u1ee7a ph\u00e0m phu<\/span><\/b>,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng trong Kinh L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

Ta n\u00f3i Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i thuy\u1ebft \u201cCh\u01a1n ng\u00e3\u201d c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! Ta c\u00f3 l\u00fac n\u00f3i Kh\u00f4ng, V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, V\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>, Nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt<\/span> t\u1ebf, Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh<\/span>, Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n<\/span>, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span>, l\u00eca t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span>, b\u1ea5t sanh<\/span> b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t<\/span>, b\u1ed5n lai t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span> v.v\u2026 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng<\/span> xong, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u00ec\u00a0Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> \u1ee8ng C\u00fang<\/span> \u0110\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c<\/span> mu\u1ed1n \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 e s\u1ee3 danh t\u1eeb V\u00d4 NG\u00c3<\/span> c\u1ee7a ph\u00e0m phu<\/span>, n\u00ean n\u00f3i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> l\u00eca v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, V\u00f4 S\u1edf H\u1eefu<\/span> l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng<\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! B\u1eadc B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> v\u1ecb lai<\/span>, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean sanh ng\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn<\/span> ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>.
<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span> th\u1ee3 g\u1ed1m n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u01a1n c\u00f4ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e2y, b\u00e1nh xe quay \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m, th\u00ec Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf; \u1edf n\u01a1i ph\u00e1p V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3<\/span> l\u00eca t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7<\/span>, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e9o<\/span> l\u00e9o, ho\u1eb7c thuy\u1ebft Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c thuy\u1ebft V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> n\u00e0y, n\u00ean c\u00e1i thuy\u1ebft Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ta ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i thuy\u1ebft ch\u01a1n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec khai m\u1edf c\u00e1i tr\u00f3i ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1i thuy\u1ebft Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng<\/span>, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd l\u00eca v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> ng\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng th\u1eadt, ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> ba c\u1eeda gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, mong h\u1ecd ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> \u1ee8ng C\u00fang<\/span> \u0110\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c<\/span> ph\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u1eaft \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean, \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! V\u00ec l\u00eca ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p<\/span> c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> y theo<\/span> ph\u00e1p V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng<\/span> m\u00e0 tu h\u1ecdc<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

( Kinh L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span>. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u00edch Duy L\u1ef1c, trang 67-68)<\/span><\/p>\n

———————<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Lu\u1eadn B\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh (V\u00f2ng hoa<\/span> qu\u00fd b\u00e1u<\/span>)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

(d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: Nagarjuna\u2019s Precious Garland (Ratnavali) b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh c\u1ee7a Jeffrey Hopkins. 2007)<\/span><\/p>\n

(25)<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0 T\u1ed1i Th\u1eafng<\/span> thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Vi di\u1ec7u<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

K\u1ebb s\u01a1 tr\u00ed thi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/p>\n

(26)<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u00f3, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0m k\u1ebb s\u01a1 tr\u00ed s\u1ee3<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0m k\u1ebb tr\u00ed v\u00f4 \u00fay<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(27)<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00ean n\u00f3i c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> ng\u00e3<\/span><\/p>\n

v\u00e0 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span> ng\u00e3 s\u1edf<\/span> .<\/span><\/p>\n

(28)<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e3, ng\u00e3 s\u1edf<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span>: \u0111\u1ec1u sai<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng an l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1edfi b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(29)<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c u\u1ea9n t\u00e2m th\u00e2n sinh<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p<\/span> sai l\u1ea7m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span> gi\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt?<\/span><\/p>\n

(30)<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p<\/span> b\u1ecb bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Do bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf<\/span> ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c u\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span> n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

(31)<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> n\u00f3i<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t<\/span><\/p>\n

(32)<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(33)<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> g\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y<\/span><\/p>\n

Ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/p>\n

(34)<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A nan<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

—————————<\/span><\/p>\n

(25) The doctrines of definite goodness<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Are said by the Conquerors<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

To be deep, subtle and frightening<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

To the childish, who re not learned.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(26) \u201cI am not, I will not be<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

I have not, I will not have,\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

That frightens all the childish<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

And extinguishes fear in the wise.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(27) By him who speaks only to help beings,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

It was said that all beings<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Have arisen from the conception of I<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

And are enveloped with the conception of mine<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(28) \u201cThe I exists, the mine exists,\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

These are wrong as ultimates,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

For the two are not [established]<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

By a thorough consciousness of reality as it is.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(29) The mental and physical aggregates arise<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

From the conception of I which is false in fact. (in fact:ultimately)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

How could what is grown<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

From a false seed be true?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(30) Having seen thus the aggregates as untrue,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

The conception of I is abandoned,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

And due to abandoning the conception of I<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

The aggregates arise no more.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(31) Just as it is said<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

That image of one\u2019s face is seen<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Depending on a mirror<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

But does not exist [as a face],<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(32) So the conception of I exists<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Dependent on the aggregates,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

But like the image of one\u2019s face<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

The I does not at all really exist.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(33) Just as without depending on a mirror<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

The image of one\u2019s face is not seen,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

So too the conception of I does not exist<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Without depending on the aggregates.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(34) When the Superior Ananda<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Heard what this means,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

He attained the eye of doctrine<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

And repeatedly spoke of it to monastics.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

—————————————-<\/span><\/p>\n

5. Minh c\u00fa lu\u1eadn<\/span>:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u00e2n, ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> th\u00e2n, ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> \u1edf trong th\u00e2n, th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong ng\u00e3\u2026 Bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span> cho c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, cho t\u1edbi: Ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> th\u1ee9c, ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> \u1edf trong th\u1ee9c, th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong ng\u00e3\u2026 Trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

————————<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

6. Ng\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng<\/span><\/b>\u00a0trong \u201cLu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 B\u1ed1n tr\u0103m t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Th\u00e1nh Thi\u00ean\u201d vi\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u201cng\u00e3\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> (svabhava) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 phi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>. V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> hai l\u1ea7n xuy\u00ean qua<\/span> m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n chia<\/span> th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> (kh\u00e1c) — m\u1ed9t v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> (kh\u00e1c) [nh\u00e2n ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ng\u00e3<\/span>].\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

(tr\u00edch theo J.Hopkins. Meditation on Emptiness .trang 637)<\/span><\/p>\n

7. B\u1edd n\u00e0y b\u1edd kia<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng<\/span> vi\u1ebft trong Minh c\u00fa lu\u1eadn<\/span>, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Kinh B\u00e1t Thi\u00ean T\u1ee5ng<\/span> B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cB\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo<\/span> m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c nh\u1eadp<\/span> s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh<\/span> n\u00e0y (b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt<\/span>), s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> chi c\u1ea3: m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1edd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con s\u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c b\u1edd n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c b\u1edd kia\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u201cWhoever desires to become a follower of the realized one or a realized one himself, or a monarch of the truth, without attaining this imperturbableness, will achieve nothing: a man who does not discern the banks of a river will not arrive either at this bank or the other.\u201d)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

( tr\u00edch t\u1eeb trang<\/span> 174, \u0111o\u1ea1n 354: Lucid Exposition of The Middle Way. The Essential Chapters from the Prasannapada of Candrakirti. Translated from The Sanskrit by Mervyn Sprung in collaboration with T.R.V. Murti and U.S. Vyas)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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