{"id":7695,"date":"2020-12-05T04:50:02","date_gmt":"2020-12-04T21:50:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/05\/khao-sat-ve-tu-tinh\/"},"modified":"2020-12-05T04:50:02","modified_gmt":"2020-12-04T21:50:02","slug":"khao-sat-ve-tu-tinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/05\/khao-sat-ve-tu-tinh\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u1ea3o S\u00e1t V\u1ec1 T\u1ef1 T\u00ednh"},"content":{"rendered":"

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CH\u01af\u01a0NG 5: KH\u1ea2O S\u00c1T V\u1ec0 T\u1ef0 T\u00cdNH<\/span><\/span>
MINH C\u00da LU\u1eacN<\/span> (PRASANNAPAD\u00c0)<\/span>
LU\u1eacN GI\u1ea2I<\/span> M\u1ec6NH \u0110\u1ec0 S\u00c1NG T\u1ece<\/span><\/span>

Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng<\/span> \u0323(Candrak\u00ecrti) \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span>
*D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u9577\u5c3e\u96c5\u4eba, nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u4e2d\u592e\u516c\u8ad6
Tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch<\/span>: Cao Dao<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0
\"Kh\u1ea3o

1. LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec2M TH\u1eeaA NH\u1eacN<\/span> T\u1ef0 T\u00cdNH<\/span> (SVABH\u00c0VA)_PH\u00ca PH\u00c1N<\/span>
2. \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A C\u1ee6A T\u1ef0 T\u00cdNH<\/span> (SVABH\u00c0VA)<\/span>
3.T\u1ef0 T\u00cdNH<\/span> (SVABH\u00c0VA)-THA T\u00cdNH (PARABH\u00c0VA), T\u1ed2N T\u1ea0I<\/span> (BH\u00c0VA)-PHI T\u1ed2N T\u1ea0I<\/span> (ABH\u00c0VA)<\/span>
4. T\u1ef0 T\u00cdNH<\/span> V\u00c0 CHUY\u1ec2N H\u00d3A-BI\u1ebeN \u0110\u1ed4I<\/span>
5. TH\u01af\u1edcNG TR\u1ee4<\/span> LU\u1eacN V\u00c0 \u0110O\u1ea0N DI\u1ec6T LU\u1eacN<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1. LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec2M TH\u1eeaA NH\u1eacN<\/span> T\u1ef0 T\u00cdNH<\/span> (SVABH\u00c0VA) PH\u00ca PH\u00c1N<\/span><\/p>\n

PH\u1ea2N LU\u1eacN (c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c):<\/span><\/p>\n

_M\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span>) c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> ra n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00e1c (Nh\u00e2n) v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c (Duy\u00ean) c\u0169ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, \u0111i\u1ec3u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span>. Ph\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1ng n\u1eafng, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec nh\u01b0 m\u1ea7m non ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c T\u00e1c Vi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> (H\u00e0nh), th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f3 Nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c n\u00ean ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng (Ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed<\/span>) hay l\u00e0 V\u00f4 Minh<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

LU\u1eacN CH\u1ee8NG TRUNG QU\u00c1N<\/span> (theo Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng<\/span>):<\/span><\/p>\n

_N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c T\u00e1c Vi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> (H\u00e0nh) hay nh\u1eefng g\u00ec nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1ng n\u1eafng, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u00f3 T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang r\u1ed3i, v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> c\u1ea7n g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o Nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00e1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u00fang? T\u1ee9c l\u00e0: N\u1ebfu m\u1ea7m non hay nh\u1eefng T\u00e1c Vi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1-n\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0 th\u1ebf, \u1ea5y v\u1eady m\u00e0<\/span> l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Minh<\/span> (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c)\u00a0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> ra ch\u00fang hay sao? C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c n\u00f3 (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> ra n\u00f3 n\u1eefa. Thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> n\u00f3i:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “N\u1ebfu T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>,kh\u1edfi sinh t\u1eeb Nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng”. (TL15.1ab)<\/span><\/p>\n

PH\u1ea2N LU\u1eacN:<\/span><\/p>\n

_Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u1edfi sinh ra, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh \u00fd<\/span> ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ra n\u00f3” n\u1eefa. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> kh\u1edfi sinh ra th\u00ec T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb Nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

LU\u1eacN CH\u1ee8NG TRUNG QU\u00c1N<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

_\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “N\u1ebfu T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u1edfi sinh ra t\u1eeb Nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, th\u00ec n\u00f3 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i-\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c-t\u1ea1o-t\u00e1c (ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>)” (TL15.1cd)<\/span><\/p>\n

PH\u1ea2N LU\u1eacN:<\/span><\/p>\n

_C\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec sinh ra b\u1edfi Nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c th\u00ec h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i-\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c-t\u1ea1o-t\u00e1c-ra. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 trong vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i-\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c-t\u1ea1o-t\u00e1c-ra, th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi l\u00fd l\u1ebd l\u00e0 “n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i-\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c-t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c-ra” th\u00f4i (,ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c).<\/span><\/p>\n

LU\u1eacN CH\u1ee8NG TRUNG QU\u00c1N<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

_\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span>, Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “N\u1ebfu T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i-\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c-t\u1ea1o-t\u00e1c-ra,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao ch\u00ednh \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> “T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?”.(TL15.2ab)<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1i-\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c-t\u1ea1o-t\u00e1c-ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, l\u00e0 hai c\u00e1i c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n nhau. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (khi cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> v\u1eeba l\u00e0 n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i-\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c-t\u1ea1o-t\u00e1c-ra). T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi “T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh” \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 “C\u00e1i t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i”*. Ph\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c-t\u1ea1o-t\u00e1c-ra th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 m\u1eaft m\u00e8o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 kim thu\u1eadt th\u00ec h\u1ed3ng ng\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> h\u1ed3ng ng\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3ng ng\u1ecdc th\u1eadt. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh do h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p<\/span> t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c n\u00f3, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i “kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra” nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng” l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a l\u1eeda. C\u1ee7i, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> m\u00e0 sinh ra l\u1eeda, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u1ecd s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu g\u1ed7 v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1eeda, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u1eeda \u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> do nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi sinh ra. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> ngo\u00e0i l\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>. V\u00e0 v\u00ec r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i-\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c-t\u1ea1o-t\u00e1c-ra, n\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh l\u1eeda c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u0103n tr\u00e2u<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0 n\u00f3i chung c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a l\u1eeda. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ebd v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i chung kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span>, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng n\u00f3i th\u1ebf hay sao? Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ng\u00f4n bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng “\u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, v\u00ec n\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t<\/span> t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh”. Th\u1ebf gian<\/span> do b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn<\/span> do V\u00f4 minh<\/span>, n\u00ean m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i V\u00f4 T\u1ef1 T\u00ednh<\/span> hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 hi\u1ec3u theo c\u00e1ch cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111au m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a r\u00e2u t\u00f3c, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u00e2u t\u00f3c v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span> n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4ng mu\u1ed9i, v\u00ec con m\u1eaft Tu\u1ec7 b\u1ecb m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng \u0111au m\u1eaft g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 minh<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p V\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> \u1ea5y h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng: “T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1eeda l\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng’. B\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (ngo\u00e0i l\u1eeda v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3), n\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gian<\/span> nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n theo t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> m\u1edbi thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 (Abhidharma) ra c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ef1 T\u00ednh<\/span>, tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, “T\u1ef1 T\u00ednh” ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a “V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1eddng”, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ra trong s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec3u theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng \u0111au m\u1eaft g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 minh<\/span>, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111au m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng<\/span> r\u00e2u t\u00f3c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u1edbi nh\u00e3n quan thanh t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ec7, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt sinh ra t\u1eeb v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh tri \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> m\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3n minh<\/span> r\u1eb1ng “\u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu”.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng \u0111au m\u1eaft tri gi\u00e1c<\/span> l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn<\/span> v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u00e2u t\u00f3c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4ng mu\u1ed9i c\u0169ng suy ngh\u0129<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn<\/span> m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> ra nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn tri, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn tri, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 a-l\u1ea1i-da<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0110\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i”<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft<\/span> r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>: “N\u00e0y \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7<\/span>, h\u00e3y nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e9t t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng T\u1ef1 T\u00ednh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span>, ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sinh kh\u1edfi”.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A C\u1ee6A T\u1ef0 T\u00cdNH<\/span> (SVABH\u00c0VA)<\/span><\/p>\n

PH\u1ea2N LU\u1eacN:<\/span><\/p>\n

_\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1eeda l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u1edfi sinh ra t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i-\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c-t\u1ea1o-t\u00e1c-ra, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span>, t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, “t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec”, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/p>\n

LU\u1eacN CH\u1ee8NG TRUNG QU\u00c1N<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

_\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn t\u00e1c (t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> t\u00ednh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c.(2cd)<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i “t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i” (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3)-svo bh\u00e0vah , t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 “l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3”-atm\u00ecyam r\u00f9pam, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, “c\u00e1i l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3” \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m sai x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec c\u00e1i “kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c” c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3i chung c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i “l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3”, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i s\u1edf thu\u1ed9c* (c\u00e1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/span>, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 h\u1eefu), v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Nh\u1eefng m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1ea1m trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o n\u00f3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn t\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i bi\u1ebfn t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec c\u00e1i c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> t\u00ednh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i do nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a l\u1eeda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0: 1. C\u00e1i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 v\u1ed1n sinh ra c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong tam th\u1eddi<\/span> (qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai). 2. C\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e0i g\u00ec m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ra th\u1ebf. 3. C\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> t\u00ednh v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1edd b\u00ean n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u00ean kia, d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn…<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec, c\u00e1i v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a l\u1eeda (l\u1eeda-t\u1ef1-n\u00f3) c\u00f3 trong l\u1eeda ch\u0103ng? C\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u1ef1-v\u1eadt-t\u1ef1-n\u00f3*, c\u00f3 cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i, cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, c\u1ee9 c\u00f4ng nhi\u00ean<\/span> cho l\u00e0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe s\u1ebd ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t kinh s\u1ee3 (b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span> \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u n\u1eefa), n\u00ean Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> ph\u1ea3i thu\u1eadn theo<\/span> t\u1ea7m v\u00f3i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> m\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u00e1i gi\u1ea3 danh<\/span> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft<\/span>:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “(V\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec) vi\u1ec7c thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

ta m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> v\u1ed1n h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec n\u00ean nghe nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y, m\u00e0 n\u00ean n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y? R\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi gi\u1ea3 danh<\/span> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nghe v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 22, thi t\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 2 c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0“V\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u1eeba t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1eeba phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0N\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1ee3n gi\u1ea3 danh<\/span> m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00f4i”.<\/span><\/p>\n

PH\u1ea2N LU\u1eacN:<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 “n\u00f3” l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3 danh<\/span> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u00f3, th\u00ec c\u00e1i “n\u00f3” \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/p>\n

LU\u1eacN CH\u1ee8NG TRUNG QU\u00c1N<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> “\u1ea5y” c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a “n\u00f3”. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?_L\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?_L\u00e0 t\u00ednh v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 (\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>) trong c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u00ednh v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 trong c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?_L\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> v\u1ed1n Kh\u00f4ng* c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?_L\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec?_L\u00e0 t\u1ed3n-t\u1ea1i-nh\u01b0-l\u00e0-th\u1ebf (Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0<\/span>). T\u1ed3n-t\u1ea1i-nh\u01b0l-l\u00e0-th\u1ebf l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c vi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c_H\u00e0nh_u\u1ed1n cong hay b\u00f3p m\u00e9o<\/span>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00f3i chung), kh\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn t\u00e1c, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u00f4i*. Th\u1ef1c ra<\/span>, v\u00ec r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i g\u00ec “v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sinh kh\u1edfi”, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> t\u00ednh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn t\u00e1c, cho n\u00ean l\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Do ch\u1ee9ng \u0111au m\u1eaft g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 Minh<\/span> m\u00e0 con m\u1eaft th\u1ebf gian<\/span> nh\u1eadn tri \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e9o m\u00f3); c\u00f2n con m\u1eaft Tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh<\/span>, th\u00ec nh\u00ecn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1edbi d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> n\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 (con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh<\/span>) g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>. V\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u1eadt ra, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n<\/span> gi\u1ea3n khi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00e1i-kh\u00f4ng-b\u1ecb-bi\u1ebfn-t\u00e1c. Lu\u1eadn s\u01b0<\/span> (Long\u00a0 Th\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn t\u00e1c,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> t\u00ednh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c n\u00f3”<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> “v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span> kh\u1edfi” nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh<\/span> v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n c\u00e1i “kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea3” c\u1ee7a phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 “T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “K\u1ebb n\u00e0o nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, th\u00ec k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> v\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u1eefa. K\u1ebb n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> v\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u1eefa, th\u00ec k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb3n \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i tam mu\u1ed9i<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh”. (kinh Tam Mu\u1ed9i V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

3. T\u1ef0 T\u00cdNH<\/span> (SVABH\u00c0VA)-THA T\u00cdNH (PARABH\u00c0VA), T\u1ed2N T\u1ea0I<\/span> (BH\u00c0VA)-PHI T\u1ed2N T\u1ea0I<\/span> (ABH\u00c0VA)<\/span><\/p>\n

PH\u1ea2N LU\u1eacN:<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 cho l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> \u0111i n\u1eefa, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> tha t\u00ednh. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u00f3 tha t\u00ednh, th\u00ec h\u1eb3n t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3. N\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u00ea, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> tha t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

LU\u1eacN CH\u1ee8NG TRUNG QU\u00c1N<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> tha t\u00ednh?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tha t\u00ednh”. (TL15.3)<\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn l\u00fd c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> t\u00ednh, “t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh” c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u00e0y, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “tha t\u00ednh”. N\u1ebfu h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a l\u1eeda, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc_v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00ednh l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n_h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 “tha t\u00ednh”. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, theo \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ngu\u1eddi th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh<\/span> khi qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span> v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu<\/span> th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> n\u00e0o mang t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 tha t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? V\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, tha t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

PH\u1ea2N LU\u1eacN:<\/span><\/p>\n

_V\u00ed nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1<\/span> t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tha t\u00ednh d\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, th\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u00ednh (bh\u00e0va) v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1eabn c\u00f3<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> hay \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tha t\u00ednh, h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong hai c\u00e1i \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> v\u00e0 tha t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i quay l\u1ea1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n

LU\u1eacN CH\u1ee8NG TRUNG QU\u00c1N<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0“N\u1ebfu r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> l\u1eabn tha t\u00ednh,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 “t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i” (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>)?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> v\u00e0 tha t\u00ednh,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi “t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i” (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>)”. (TL15.4)<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i g\u00ec ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec c\u00e1i “t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i” m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ta thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch “gi\u1ea3” \u0111\u1ecbnh* (V\u1ecdng T\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>) \u1ea5y, th\u1ef1c ra<\/span> ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u1edf m\u1ed9t trong hai c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> ) c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> v\u00e0 tha t\u00ednh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y: C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. v\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i “t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i” (m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ta “gi\u1ea3” \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>) \u1ea5y, c\u0169ng v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

PH\u1ea2N LU\u1eacN:<\/span><\/p>\n

_C\u1ee9 cho l\u00e0 “t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i” \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau<\/span> b\u1edfi tay \u00f4ng \u0111i, th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00e1i phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span> \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn “t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i” \u0111i n\u1eefa, th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i “phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i”. Theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> theo nh\u01b0<\/span> \u00f4ng n\u00f3i, v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> c\u00e1i “phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i” c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec c\u00e1i “t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i” h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

LU\u1eacN CH\u1ee8NG TRUNG QU\u00c1N<\/span>:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

_N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1i “phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i” th\u00ec h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i “t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i”. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, l\u1ebd n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i “phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i”, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> “t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i”,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> l\u00e0m sao c\u00e1i “phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00ec nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 “t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i”,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Khi c\u00e1i “t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i” \u1ea5y b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> th\u00e0nh ra c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c*, th\u00ec m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i””. (TL15.5)<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ra<\/span>, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed<\/span> nh\u01b0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t cho “t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i” m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec khi n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c n\u00f3, th\u00ec h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> “phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i”. V\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span> c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> “bh\u00e0va” (t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>), r\u1ed3i ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t<\/span> \u0111i, chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec th\u1ebf gian<\/span> c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t \u00e2m<\/span> th\u00e0nh “abh\u00e0va” (phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i) \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, m\u1ed9t “c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh” (h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, thi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0 (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>) c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> n\u00e0y, th\u00ec c\u00e1i m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> c\u00e1i “phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i” \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u1eabm l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean, th\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> v\u00e0 tha t\u00ednh, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng \u0111au m\u1eaft m\u00e0 con m\u1eaft Tu\u1ec7 b\u1ecb che m\u1edd, n\u00ean nh\u00ecn sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> v\u00e0 tha t\u00ednh,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p”. (TL15.6)<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1edfi c\u00e1i t\u00e2m cao m\u1ea1n cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3u “\u0111\u00fang” nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng: “T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 (Th\u1ecd) l\u00e0 tri gi\u00e1c<\/span>, t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> (T\u01b0\u1edfng) l\u00e0 t\u1eebng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt…”, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. R\u1ed3i l\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng “\u00dd t\u01b0\u1eddng (T\u01b0\u1edfng) v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> kh\u00e1ch quan (S\u1eafc) l\u00e0 hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 (Th\u1ecd) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y cho r\u1eb1ng tha t\u00ednh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> (trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau \u1ea5y, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00ednh). C\u0169ng v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00ea, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> th\u00ec “phi_t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i”. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> th\u00e2m vi\u1ec5n<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> (Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi<\/span>). B\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c cho r\u1eb1ng tha t\u00ednh hay nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec tu\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u00e2 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t<\/span> khi gi\u1ea3i minh<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u00ea, m\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh<\/span> nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ea5p trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>, ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 trong t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span>, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c<\/span> l\u00e0 \u00c0gama (A H\u00e0m<\/span>, Gi\u00e1o Hu\u1ea5n<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>)*. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1. C\u00e1i “\u0111\u1ebfn” (\u00e0gatatva) t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng tin<\/span> (\u0111\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c<\/span>) \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n m\u1ecdi l\u1ea7m sai, 2. C\u00e1i “l\u00e0m cho th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng”, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n \u0111ang m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i<\/span> th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>, 3. C\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 ra “ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111i”, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span> chung c\u1ee5c, l\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i Tho\u00e1t<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee9 n\u00e0y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span> v\u1ec1 Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i phi-\u00c0gama (phi-Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n).<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ea3 lai, vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> v\u00e0 tha t\u00ednh, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 phi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span> tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf lu\u1eadn l\u00fd, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>,\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m c\u1ea7u Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> (ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 truy c\u1ea7u tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> hay lu\u1eadn l\u00fd), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span>, th\u00ec:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “Nh\u01b0 trong kinh \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u00e2 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> cho Ca Chi\u00ean Di\u00ean<\/span> r\u1eb1ng:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0H\u00e3y r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc<\/span> gi\u1eefa t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i”. (TL15.7)<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, trong kinh “Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft Ca Chi\u00ean Di\u00ean”, Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “N\u00e0y Ca Chi\u00ean Di\u00ean<\/span>, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gian<\/span> n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o c\u00e1i c\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Gi\u1ea3i Tho\u00e1t<\/span>. Sinh ra, gi\u00e0 \u0111i, b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, c\u1ee9 \u01b0u s\u1ea7u<\/span>, c\u1ee9 \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>, c\u1ee9 b\u1ea5t an<\/span>, c\u1ee9 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, c\u1ee9 xoay v\u00f2ng m\u00e3i trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span> tr\u1ea7n gian, l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> t\u1ed3n sinh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span> (\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7<\/span>, s\u00fac sinh<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1eddi), m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn<\/span> x\u00f3t th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> v\u00ec m\u1ea5t m\u1eb9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn<\/span> nh\u1edb th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec m\u1ea5t m\u1eb9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>…”<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i<\/span> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>. Theo \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh-tha t\u00ednh, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i-phi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec<\/span>, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kinh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 (nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00e0 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n \u00fd<\/span> n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: “Bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> ch\u00e2n x\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i”. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> (nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf nh\u1eefng “c\u00e1i g\u00ec” t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1ebf gian<\/span> v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng “c\u00e1i g\u00ec”\u1ea5y), nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> ch\u00e2n x\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ea5y l\u00ean t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu<\/span>), th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> n\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec5u gi\u1ea3i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ecdn ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i”. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec5u gi\u1ea3i<\/span> \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> hay n\u00f3i<\/span> n\u00f3 phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00fd), v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> tri t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 Th\u1ef1c T\u1ea1i<\/span> (l\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u1ed1n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 tri<\/span> b\u1edfi tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u00ednh<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf: “N\u00e0y Ca Di\u1ebfp<\/span>, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> lu\u1eadn, m\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> lu\u1eadn, gi\u1eefa hai c\u00e1i c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Trung Ch\u00ednh<\/span>, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u ng\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft<\/span> gi\u1ea3i, kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>. N\u00e0y Ca Di\u1ebfp<\/span>, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span>, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span> ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1”. (kinh B\u1ea3o T\u00edch<\/span>, ti\u1ebft 56, 57 v\u00e0 60)<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “N\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, n\u00f3i l\u00e0 phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, hai c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span>. N\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh, n\u00f3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 hai hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00ec v\u00e2y, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf<\/span> hai c\u00e1i c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> n\u00e0y, h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i trung ch\u00ednh<\/span> \u0111i n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, n\u00f3i l\u00e0 phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, c\u1ed1t ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea5y l\u00ean lu\u1eadn tranh. N\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh, n\u00f3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 lu\u1eadn tranh th\u00f4i. Tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi<\/span> hoang ph\u00ed<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0m ngu\u00f4i \u0111i \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ea5y l\u00ean tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span> th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> th\u00f4i”. (kinh Tam Mu\u1ed9i V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

4. T\u1ef0 T\u00cdNH<\/span> V\u00c0 CHUY\u1ec2N H\u00d3A-BI\u1ebeN \u0110\u1ed4I<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

PH\u1ea2N LU\u1eacN:<\/span><\/p>\n

_M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1eeda, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> hay sao?<\/span><\/p>\n

LU\u1eacN CH\u1ee8NG TRUNG QU\u00c1N<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

_C\u00e1i sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “N\u1ebfu T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u1edfi sinh ra t\u1eeb Nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, th\u00ec n\u00f3 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i-\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c-t\u1ea1o-t\u00e1c (ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>)”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> (\u1edf thi t\u1ee5ng 1 c\u1ee7a Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span>). Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i th\u00eam n\u1ee9a, th\u00ec:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u00ec h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay sau, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i (theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>)”. (TL15.8ab)<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> (c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu) c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i thay (theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00f3) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “N\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i (theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>),<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng”. (TL15.8cd)<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1eeda, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span>) c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>), th\u00ec trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> n\u00e0y: C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh” bao h\u00e0m \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0 “c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i”. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 cho c\u00e1i t\u1ef1-t\u00ednh-kh\u00f4ng-thay-\u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c*, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u (ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd<\/span>) n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec”) m\u00e0 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i “c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng” (thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>), th\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> b\u1ea3n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/span>, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> sang nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> b\u1ecb c\u1eaft r\u1eddi ra, nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda khi ph\u1ee5t t\u1eaft<\/span> m\u1ea5t \u0111i. Theo \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> sang m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1eeda) \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

PH\u1ea2N LU\u1eacN:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

_N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, th\u00ec trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao “n\u00f3” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?” (TL15.9ab)<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span> hoa \u0111\u1ed1m<\/span> gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng trung, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu n\u00e0o, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> sang m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng? Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u00f3 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>, th\u00ec h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> ch\u1ee9.<\/span><\/p>\n

LU\u1eacN CH\u1ee8NG TRUNG QU\u00c1N<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

_N\u1ebfu theo nh\u01b0<\/span> suy ngh\u0129<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f2a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3i chung th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>. V\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?” (TL15.9ab)<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> v\u1ed1n c\u00f3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span>) c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> th\u00e0nh ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n nh\u01b0<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>, v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u00e3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i” hay “chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a” \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Theo \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> (hay b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh<\/span>, hay b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean (r\u1eb1ng: “C\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a-bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>, n\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh”), c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i-chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh”*. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00f3 “c\u00e1i g\u00ec” bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i-chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n bi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 “c\u00e1i g\u00ec” bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> (theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> Trung Qu\u00e1n<\/span>) kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t “c\u00e1i g\u00ec” bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i-chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a (\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho t\u01b0 duy<\/span>) c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

5. TH\u01af\u1edcNG TR\u1ee4<\/span> LU\u1eacN V\u00c0 \u0110O\u1ea0N DI\u1ec6T LU\u1eacN<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf, theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c (kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1eb5n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec \u1edf c\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1i chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> (“Ph\u00e1p” n\u00f3i chung, H\u1eefu Vi Ph\u00e1p<\/span>) \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> (theo c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span>). Cho d\u00f9 th\u1ebf, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 “gi\u1ea3” \u0111\u1ecbnh (g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 “V\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng”). T\u00ednh-ch\u1ea5t-“Gi\u1ea3”-m\u00e0-cho-l\u00e0-“Th\u1eadt” (V\u1ecdng T\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>) \u1ea5y, h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “N\u1ebfu kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, th\u00ec h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o Th\u01b0\u1eddng-Tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u1ebfu kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o \u0110o\u1ea1n-Di\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn”. (TL15.10ab)<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00ean hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng-tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn hay \u0111o\u1ea1n-di\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 “k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean” g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi<\/span> nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3. C\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng-tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u1ea1n-di\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc<\/span> (thu\u1ed9c tri t\u00ednh), g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf<\/span> l\u1edbn cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “V\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc<\/span> v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> hay phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i”. (TL15.10cd)<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao m\u00e0 khi nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng-tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n-di\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean? Nguy\u00ean do<\/span> r\u1eb1ng:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng: M\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u00ec h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o Th\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u1ee5<\/span> lu\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u00e0 n\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, m\u00e0 sau th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u00ec h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u0110o\u1ea1n Di\u1ec7t<\/span> lu\u1eadn”. (TL15.11)<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i-chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c, ph\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, th\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> (m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ecb nh\u1eadn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ec<\/span> m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch trong th\u1eddi gian<\/span> (Th\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u1ee5<\/span> lu\u1eadn_v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0: c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 \u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u v\u0129nh vi\u1ebfn, m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a<\/span>, cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed3n sinh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a<\/span>). Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, sau n\u1eefa n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u00ec b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> n\u1eefa, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec n\u1eefa<\/span> c\u1ea3, th\u00ec h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn<\/span> kh\u00e1c, r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1edb h\u00eanh v\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng<\/span> v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3 (\u0110o\u1ea1n Di\u1ec7t<\/span> lu\u1eadn_v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n sinh c\u1ea3, khi \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> chung cu\u1ed9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed3n sinh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a<\/span>). Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> c\u00e1i g\u00ec nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> (d\u00f9 c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng), th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span> gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

PH\u1ea2N LU\u1eacN:<\/span><\/p>\n

_Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u1ef1 n\u00f3, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi d\u1ea5y l\u00ean Th\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u1ee5<\/span> lu\u1eadn. Th\u1ebf c\u00f2n c\u00e1i \u0110o\u1ea1n Di\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn<\/span>, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1eeba ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ra sao?<\/span><\/p>\n

LU\u1eacN CH\u1ee8NG TRUNG QU\u00c1N<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

_B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, (trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u1ea1n Di\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn<\/span>) th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i-chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a), sau n\u1eefa l\u1ea1i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1ecb tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau<\/span>, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i,\u00a0 m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c, r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea3 (H\u01b0 V\u00f4<\/span>), hay sao? Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111au m\u1eaft, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 huy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a r\u00e2u t\u00f3c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111au m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> n\u00e0y th\u00ec d\u00f9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng m\u1eaft b\u1ec7nh \u0111au m\u1eaft c\u00f3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u00e2u t\u00f3c \u0111i n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, v\u00ec c\u00e1i b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ec<\/span> m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i<\/span> d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111au m\u1eaft n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u1ea3”. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, khi tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u1ed1t l\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u1ee3i tha<\/span> m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u1ea1n Di\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn<\/span>. C\u00f3 kinh vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 tham d\u1ee5c<\/span>, c\u00f3 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef<\/span>, c\u00f3 ngu mu\u1ed9i<\/span>, m\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham d\u1ee5c<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu mu\u1ed9i<\/span>, th\u00ec b\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111ang lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 h\u01b0 v\u00f4”. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111ang n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng*: T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> (T\u00e2m) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9y<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> (T\u00e2m S\u1edf<\/span>), trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> (Y Tha<\/span> Kh\u1edfi), cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> ch\u00fang \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, th\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec7n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh (Bi\u00ean K\u1ebf S\u1edf Ch\u1ea5p t\u00ednh), n\u00ean v\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ef1c h\u1eefu<\/span> (Th\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u1ee5<\/span> lu\u1eadn) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh. V\u00e0, b\u1edfi v\u00ec (T\u00e2m v\u00e0 T\u00e2m S\u1edf<\/span>) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> m\u00e0 sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span>, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> cho t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> v\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, n\u00ean c\u0169ng n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ef1c v\u00f4 (\u0110o\u1ea1n Di\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh-th\u00e1c nh\u1eadn (do V\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>) th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c (T\u00e2m, T\u00e2m S\u1edf<\/span>) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (ph\u00e1i Duy Th\u1ee9c<\/span>) l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec7n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> gi\u1eefa C\u00f3 v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng-C\u00f3*. V\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> lu\u1eadn (Th\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u1ee5<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0110o\u1ea1n Di\u1ec7t<\/span>) \u1ea5y? H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u1edfi sinh t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c (t\u1ee9c c\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Y Tha<\/span> Kh\u1edfi) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span>) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u00e2n sinh<\/span>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u00e3y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> ta tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> (Th\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u1ee5<\/span> lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0110o\u1ea1n Di\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn<\/span>) th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u00e1n<\/span>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Duy Th\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3o Man Lu\u1eadn* vi\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “H\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> S\u1ed1 Lu\u1eadn<\/span>, h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> Th\u1eafng Lu\u1eadn<\/span>, K\u1ef3-na gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> (Ng\u0169 \u1ea4m<\/span>) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> (bdogara),<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i hay ch\u01b0a? (N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a, th\u00ec:)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> h\u00e3y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: Thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Cam L\u1ed9<\/span>, th\u00e2m s\u00e2u<\/span> ho\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec5n si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> kh\u1ecfi C\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng-C\u00f3,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng v\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Ph\u00e1p T\u00ednh”.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft cho h\u1ecd t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> duy th\u1ee9c<\/span>, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a<\/span> ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t*. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i Ch\u00e2n Th\u1ef1c<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span> th\u00f4i. Thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 bdogara c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span>. Kinh Tam Mu\u1ed9i V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span> (li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a kinh<\/span>) l\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7<\/span> v\u1ec1 Kh\u00f4ng T\u00ednh<\/span>, ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span>, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i Ng\u00e3, c\u00e1i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>, c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb<\/span> t\u00ednh m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span> gi\u1ea3ng (cho r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span>) th\u00ec h\u00e3y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> (ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span>) n\u00e0y n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft<\/span> theo kinh V\u00f4 T\u1eadn<\/span> Tu\u1ec7 S\u1edf Thuy\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> xoay v\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t ch\u1ec9 \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> t\u00e2m c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> n\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> hai l\u1ed1i m\u00f2n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 tu ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> c\u00e1i Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Trung \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span>. Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi sinh, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, m\u1ecdi tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> c\u01a1 s\u1edf thu\u1ea7n tri v\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u00e0 phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee9t h\u1eb3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> m\u00f4ng mu\u1ed9i b\u1ecb c\u00e1i tri t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh d\u00e0y v\u00f2 t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu<\/span>, h\u00e0ng mu\u00f4n \u1ee9c l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> t\u00e1i di\u1ec7t trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> l\u1eafm \u01b0?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u0169ng v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ec<\/span> b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec n\u1eefa<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span> tr\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tam mu\u1ed9i<\/span> Kh\u00f4ng T\u00ednh”. (kinh Tam Mu\u1ed9i V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “Ta nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i x\u01b0a \u1edf nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0 duy<\/span> v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>. L\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/span>, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t<\/span> nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n gian<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean l\u00e0 “K\u1ebb Sinh Ra T\u1eeb Kh\u00f4ng”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean t\u1eeb trong Kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> r\u1eb1ng “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng”. Nh\u01b0 t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u1ea3 tam thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. C\u1ea3 c\u00f5i th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng<\/span>, g\u1ecdi t\u00ean cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebb chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> (Ph\u1eadt) \u1ea5y l\u00e0 “Kh\u00f4ng”. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y v\u1eeba sinh ra \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i b\u1ea3y b\u01b0\u1edbc*, gi\u1ea3ng r\u1eb1ng: “V\u1ea1n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Khi v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i (c\u0103n c\u01a1<\/span> c\u1ee7a) m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 M\u00e2u Ni<\/span>, l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, th\u00ec trong s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u1ecf, c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng r\u1eadm, c\u1ee7a d\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o<\/span>, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1, c\u1ee7a n\u00fai, \u0111\u1ec1u vang r\u1ec1n \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u1ec9 trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> (h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng r\u1ec1n vang “Th\u1eadt ra, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> (trong c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3) \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 C\u00f3” nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1eabn<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe t\u1eeb v\u1ecb Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> \u1ea5y”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

R\u1eb1ng: “Ch\u1ec9 trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> (h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, th\u1eadt ra, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> (trong c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3) \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 C\u00f3”. Trong nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i* \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi, trong ngh\u0129a “t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> (trong c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3) \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng”, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bao h\u00e0m \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 “T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec trong c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1ee9 t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n s\u01b0<\/span> Candrakirti (Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng<\/span>), trong “Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Trung Lu\u1eadn_Lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Nh\u1eefng M\u1ec7nh \u0110\u1ec1 S\u00e1ng T\u1ecf<\/span> (Minh C\u00fa Lu\u1eadn<\/span>)”, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 15_ \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 T\u1ef1 T\u00ednh”.<\/span><\/p>\n

(18-09-2008)_______<\/span><\/p>\n

*”C\u00e1i t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i”, svo bh\u00e0vah, “th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3”, \u00e0tm\u00ecyam r\u00f9pam_c\u00e1i l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

*”C\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1”, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, bao h\u00e0m t\u00ednh t\u00ednh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/span> trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u00ednh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c (Duy\u00ean).<\/span><\/p>\n

*S\u1ef1-v\u00e2t-t\u1ef1-n\u00f3: \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “thing itself”<\/span><\/p>\n

*Kh\u00f4ng-S\u00f9nyat\u00e0: v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 “c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3”, theo ngh\u0129a “h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng” hay “h\u01b0 v\u00f4” c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span> lu\u1eadn (ontische), c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> “kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i” theo t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> lu\u1eadn (ontologische)… D\u1ee5ng ng\u1eef \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u00e1n<\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a khi \u0111\u00e3 to\u00e0n tri\u1ec7t ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 Th\u1ef1c T\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span>, c\u00e1i si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> l\u00ean m\u1ecdi \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> tinh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9<\/span> ra. \u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span> n\u00e0y (ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t Ngh\u0129a”) kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> t\u1eeb ng\u1eef<\/span>, m\u00e0 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m n\u00f3: n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh m\u1edf ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span>, th\u00ec n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a<\/span> theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn l\u00fd; nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span> l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ea5p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u00f4ng qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> n\u1eefa. Trong m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa<\/span> c\u1ee7a Aladin “C\u1eeda \u01a1i, h\u00e3y m\u1edf!”. T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> “ch\u00fa” thu\u1eadt, hay “m\u1eadt ng\u1eef” th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng cho si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u00ec m\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9<\/span> Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span>. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e1; “Gate, gate, paragate…”.<\/span><\/p>\n

*D\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>: Ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh \u6cd5\u6027<\/span>, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0: c\u00e1i d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb t\u1ed1i s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> thu\u1ed9c l\u00fd t\u00ednh<\/span>, trong nguy\u00ean ng\u1eef ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eef: dharm\u00e0n\u00e0m dharmat\u00e0, svabh\u00e0va, prakrti, s\u00f9nyat\u00e0, na\u00edhv\u00e0bh\u00e0vya, tathat\u00e0, tath\u00e0bh\u00e0va, avik\u00e0ritva, sadaiva sth\u00e0yit\u00e0…<\/span><\/p>\n

*Thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>: b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Ph\u1ea1n-Nh\u1eadt d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef “V\u1ecdng T\u01b0\u1edfng\u5984\u60f3”, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra<\/span> l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u00e1n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh<\/span>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf trong m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> n\u00e0y, th\u00ec n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m hypothetischer realismus_”gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> lu\u1eadn” c\u1ee7a quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed\u00a0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> h\u01a1n, r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

*”B\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> th\u00e0nh ra c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c th\u00ec m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0 “phi-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i””: b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp<\/span> l\u00e0: “B\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t<\/span> \u0111i th\u00ec m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng-t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i””.<\/span><\/p>\n

*\u00c0gama (A H\u00e0m<\/span>, Gi\u00e1o Hu\u1ea5n<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>): nguy\u00ean ng\u1eef bao h\u00e0m 3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>: 1. \u00c0gtatva -\u0111\u1ebfn, 2. \u00c0gamayati – l\u00e0m cho hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng<\/span>, l\u00e0m cho th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>, 3. \u00c0bhimukhy\u00e0d gaman\u00e0t – h\u01b0\u1edbng theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111i<\/span><\/p>\n

*Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c: \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 trong l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn<\/span> n\u00e0y n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Thanh Bi\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 trong Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ecd<\/span>, lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 “bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i” hay “chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9<\/span> ti\u00ean nghi\u1ec7m_Apriori, theo ki\u1ec3u Kant). Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf lu\u1eadn l\u00fd n\u00e0y: T\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i-b\u00e2y-gi\u1edd-\u1edf-\u0111\u00e2y th\u00f4i. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, n\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf lu\u1eadn l\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u0169ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> c\u00e1i-n\u00f3-\u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i-n\u00f3-s\u1ebd, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i li\u00ean l\u0169y n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau trong m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u01b0: Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2 v\u1ec1 Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7 v\u1ec1 Sinh Tr\u1ee5 Di\u1ec7t…C\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ng\u1ee5y lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Zenon: N\u1ebfu c\u1eaft m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ra th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed<\/span> nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean<\/span> (trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9<\/span> th\u1eddi gian<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

*Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i-chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf” th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 “c\u00e1i c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh” v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 “c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh”. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hai k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang (true), th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi<\/span> vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang (false). \u0110o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y v\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 cho th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u1ecb gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng cho ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span>, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> nh\u1ecb lu\u1eadt b\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3n<\/span> (antinomy), n\u00f3i sao c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

*C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng: b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> cu\u1ed1i lu\u1eadn, Thanh Bi\u1ec7n<\/span> d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/span> nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Duy th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng Trung Qu\u00e1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n Duy Th\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i n\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh danh<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a Duy Th\u1ee9c<\/span> khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n” \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i b\u00faa ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u00e1n<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, nh\u00ecn theo kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n” v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng “c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n” \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> cho nhau trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> gi\u1eefa b\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111e, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> n\u00f3i chung, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> Th\u1ef1c T\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

*”C\u00f3 v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng-c\u00f3” c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> Trung Qu\u00e1n<\/span>, v\u00e0 “T\u00e2m v\u00e0 T\u00e2m S\u1edf” theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> Duy Th\u1ee9c<\/span>: \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa hai t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> lu\u1eadn (ontologische) c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u00e1n<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> lu\u1eadn (ontische) c\u1ee7a Duy Th\u1ee9c<\/span>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hai ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a hai kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh to\u00e0n tri\u1ec7t t\u1eeb c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, c\u00f2n c\u00e1i kia x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra.<\/span><\/p>\n

*B\u00e0o Man Lu\u1eadn \u5b9d\u9b18\u8ad6 (Ratn\u00e0val\u00ec, lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng M\u00e1i T\u00f3c Qu\u00ed , H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch: “B\u1ea3o H\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh Lu\u1eadn” \u5b9d\u884c\u738b\u6b63\u8ad6): T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ecd<\/span>. \u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1, t\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9\u00a0 61 v\u00e0 62.<\/span><\/p>\n

*Gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span> (Vi Li\u1ec5u Ngh\u0129a Gi\u00e1o<\/span>): l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt thu\u1eadn theo<\/span> t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u theo s\u00e1t ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span> m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a<\/span> ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span> (li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a gi\u00e1o<\/span>), l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n<\/span> v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span> (th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a<\/span>), tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 Th\u1ef1c T\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span>. Theo \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> ra hai loai kinh: 1. kinh ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span> (v\u1ecb li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a kinh<\/span>) v\u00e0 kinh ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span> (li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a Kinh<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

*”…v\u1eeba sinh ra \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i b\u1ea3y b\u01b0\u1edbc…”: t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 m\u01b0\u1ee3n h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> “\u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t” (v\u1ecb li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a<\/span>) \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u00ean “\u00fd ngh\u0129a ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t” (li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

*Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i_Prasajya-pratisedha: l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh to\u00e0n tri\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1eeba l\u1ea1i<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i_Paryud\u00e0sa-pratisedha, “kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0…” n\u00f3i chung, l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng chung<\/span> nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> tu\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: A kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 B, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 A v\u00e0 B nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 (nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh) v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ec9 (ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, anh A kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 anh B).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[ad_1] CH\u01af\u01a0NG 5: KH\u1ea2O S\u00c1T V\u1ec0 T\u1ef0 T\u00cdNHMINH C\u00da LU\u1eacN (PRASANNAPAD\u00c0)LU\u1eacN GI\u1ea2I M\u1ec6NH \u0110\u1ec0 S\u00c1NG T\u1eceNguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng \u0323(Candrak\u00ecrti) \u00a0 \u00a0*D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u9577\u5c3e\u96c5\u4eba, nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7697,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[104],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-7695","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-giai-dap-nghi-hoac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7695","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7695"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7695\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7697"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7695"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7695"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7695"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=7695"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}