{"id":7698,"date":"2020-12-05T04:51:58","date_gmt":"2020-12-04T21:51:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/05\/tai-sinh-va-dau-thai\/"},"modified":"2020-12-05T04:51:58","modified_gmt":"2020-12-04T21:51:58","slug":"tai-sinh-va-dau-thai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/05\/tai-sinh-va-dau-thai\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e1i Sinh V\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea7u Thai"},"content":{"rendered":"

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T\u00c1I SINH<\/span> V\u00c0 \u0110<\/strong>\u1ea6<\/strong>U\u00a0THAI<\/strong> <\/span>

Chan Khoon San<\/span>
L\u00ea Kim Kha<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"T\u00e1i

1. S\u1ef1 Kh\u00e1c\u00a0<\/strong>N<\/span>hau Gi\u1eefa T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span> & \u0110\u1ea7u Thai<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span>, t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfp sau<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u2018linh h\u1ed3n\u2019 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u2018chuy\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfp\u2019 hay \u2018\u0111\u1ea7u thai ki\u1ebfp sau\u2019 theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u00f3 \u2018linh h\u1ed3n\u2019 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y qua \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 do Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf<\/span> s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span> ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> hay m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u2013 \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e3<\/span> (Param-atma<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfp<\/span> hay chuy\u1ec3n linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> n\u00e0o. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> x\u00e1c v\u00e0 chui v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> x\u00e1c kh\u00e1c. M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n ra theo quy lu\u1eadt<\/span> thuy\u1ebft Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi<\/span> (Paticca Samuppada<\/em>). M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt x\u1ea3y ra, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> hay t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f3, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 sinh ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi<\/span> (Paticca Samuppada<\/em>), \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span> r\u1eb1ng\u00a0D\u1ee5c V\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>l\u00e0m kh\u1edfi sinhD\u00ednh Ch\u1ea5p<\/strong>, r\u1ed3i do c\u00f3\u00a0D\u00ednh Ch\u1ea5p\u00a0<\/strong>n\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1\u00a0Tr\u1edf Th\u00e0nh<\/span><\/strong>, hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh<\/span> (hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> b\u1edfi Nghi\u1ec7p) v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1\u00a0Sinh\u00a0<\/strong>ra. D\u1ee5c V\u1ecdng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft hay \u0111ang ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng l\u00e0m kh\u1edfi sinh s\u1ef1 D\u00ednh Ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 Tr\u1edf Th\u00e0nh<\/span>, Hi\u1ec7n Th\u00e0nh<\/span> th\u00f4ng qua Nghi\u1ec7p hay Nghi\u1ec7p H\u1eefu<\/span> (Kammabhava<\/em>), v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 Sinh, m\u00e0 ta hay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span><\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> c\u1ee7a Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf<\/span> Th\u1ee9 Hai (Ngu\u1ed3n G\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 Kh\u1ed5) cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh D\u1ee5c V\u1ecdng<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u2018th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3\u2019 s\u1ed1ng hay m\u1ed9t \u2018con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2019 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o<\/span> b\u1eb1ng n\u0103m U\u1ea9n<\/span> d\u00ednh ch\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh<\/span> l\u00e0 \u201cKh\u1ed5\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. S\u1ef1 T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span> Di\u1ec5n ra\u00a0<\/strong>Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t \u2018con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2019, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u201cm\u1ea7m\u201d m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cgieo tr\u1ed3ng\u201d ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 3\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span><\/strong>: M\u1eb9 v\u00e0 Cha h\u1ee3p duy\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1eb9 (tr\u1ee9ng ch\u00edn) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u2018Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3\u2019 hay \u201cm\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra<\/strong>\u201d \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u00e3 \u2018hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh\u2019, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3<\/span>, hay v\u1eeba k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span> s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3<\/span>. Ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u2018m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> hay m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> \u0111ang ch\u1edd tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tinh tr\u00f9ng giao ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i \u2018chui\u2019 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u thai\u201d. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cha ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u1ec7 tinh\u00a0<\/strong>trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> cha m\u1edbi sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>, t\u00f9y theo<\/span> Nghi\u1ec7p (Kamma<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u1ebft\u201d, theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng \u201csinh-v\u1eadt-l\u00fd\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u2018c\u00e1 th\u1ec3\u2019 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft di\u1ec5n ra b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> gi\u00e1c quan<\/span> s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng (jivitindriya<\/em>) hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng c\u0103n<\/span> (HV), nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1eddi gian<\/span> s\u1ed1ng hay \u2018m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng\u2019 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u1ebft, tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u201cch\u1ea1y\u201d hay \u201cduy tr\u00ec\u201d s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t<\/span> hay ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1i \u201cch\u1ebft\u201d\u00a0\u0111ang\u00a0<\/em>x\u1ea3y ra, m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh T\u00e2m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 (t\u00e2m)\u00a0Th\u1ee9c T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>(patisandhi citta<\/em>, ti\u1ebfng Anh: Rebirth Consciousness) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn<\/span> (duy\u00ean) b\u1edfi\u00a0Nghi\u1ec7p T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>(ti\u1ebfng Anh: ReproductiveKamma<\/em>) hay l\u00e0 Nghi\u1ec7p H\u1eefu<\/span> (kamma-bhava<\/em>), t\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201cTr\u1edf Th\u00e0nh\u201d, c\u00f9ng kh\u1edfi sinh v\u1edbi 3 nh\u00f3m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> (s\u1eafc) do nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o ra, c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh\u00a0th\u00e2n, gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>(ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> (duy\u00ean) l\u00e0m kh\u1edfi sinh nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> (danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc) trong no\u00e3n tr\u1ee9ng, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd theo ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> hay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u2018con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2019 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span> trong b\u00e0o thai<\/span>. Th\u1ee9c T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span> v\u00e0 3 nh\u00f3m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> (s\u1eafc) do nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung.<\/span><\/p>\n

l\u00e0: \u201cCon ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra<\/strong>\u201d. Danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft m\u01b0\u1ee3n danh t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o<\/span> n\u00ean \u2018th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3\u2019 s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee3i chui v\u00e0o b\u00e0o thai<\/span> hay t\u1eed cung<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Th\u1ee9c K\u1ebft\u00a0<\/strong>N\u1ed1i L\u1ea1i hay Th\u1ee9c T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> v\u1ec1 Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, \u201cth\u00f4ng qua ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh Tr\u1edf Th\u00e0nh<\/span> hay Nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu<\/span> (kamma-bhava<\/em>), m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi sinh (duy\u00ean) cho T\u00e1i Sinh\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u2018con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2019 hay m\u1ed9t \u2018th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3\u2019 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh sinh l\u00fd<\/span> v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> hay danh s\u1eafc<\/span> (nama-rupa<\/em>). Ngay c\u1ea3 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb l\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> khi ch\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh danh s\u1eafc<\/span> (nama-rupas<\/em>) lu\u00f4n kh\u1edfi sinh v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i, sinh di\u1ec7t<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t\u00a0Th\u1ee9c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>c\u00f9ng l\u00fac<\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a danh s\u1eafc<\/span> (nama-rupa<\/em>). T\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span> x\u1ea3y ra<\/strong>, kh\u1edfi sinh m\u1ed9t Th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c K\u1ebft N\u1ed1i hay Th\u1ee9c T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span>, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi (ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a) danh s\u1eafc<\/span> (nama-rupa<\/em>) m\u1edbi. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c\u00a0k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i\u00a0<\/strong>b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u0169. S\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi sinh Th\u1ee9c T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span> do duy\u00ean hay s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nghi\u1ec7p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c,\u00a0ch\u00ednh Nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0m kh\u1edfi sinh Th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sinh<\/span><\/em><\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu Nghi\u1ec7p (kamma<\/em>) l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh<\/span>, thi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>. N\u1ebfu Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 d\u1eef, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u00a0<\/em>(Kammayoni<\/em>)<\/strong>\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> l\u01b0u t\u00e2m<\/span> r\u1eb1ng<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> n\u00e0o r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0 chui v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 (a) x\u00e1c m\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2500 N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> n\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> hay h\u1ed3n \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u thai<\/span> v\u00e0o th\u00e2n x\u00e1c kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c ch\u00fang ta<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0:\u00a0Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> b\u1ea5t t\u1eed<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi nh\u1eefng H\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ed9ng T\u1ea1o Nghi\u1ec7p hay Nghi\u1ec7p ((b)\u00a0Kamma<\/em>), (Xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, trong kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd<\/span>, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span>, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p, H\u00e0nh hay Nghi\u1ec7p\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 nhau \u2013ND), th\u00ec t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o & do V\u00f4 Minh<\/span> v\u00e0 D\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span>, ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> ch\u01b0a di\u1ec7t s\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> Nghi\u1ec7p (Kamma<\/em>) hay mang nghi\u1ec7p (nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu<\/span>) v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2500 N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, th\u00ec kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 tin n\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3u tin l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> sai l\u1ea1c<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n\/l\u00e0 g\u00ec sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span><\/strong>, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 duy v\u1eadt<\/span> hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u00f2n \u0111ang ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Nh\u1eefng Ki\u1ec3u Ch\u1ebft<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec m\u1ed9t trong\u00a04 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7<\/span> hay h\u1ebft c\u1ea1n ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a (1)\u00a0Nghi\u1ec7p T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>\u00a0<\/em>c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. (Nghi\u1ec7p T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00fac sinh, l\u00e0m<\/span><\/p>\n

kh\u1edfi sinh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng hay t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> ra ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Nghi\u1ec7p T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> sau khi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y -ND).<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 (2)\u00a0ch\u1ea5m h\u1ebft chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng<\/strong>, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> \u2018m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng\u2019, m\u1ea1ng chung<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> c\u1ee7a 2 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> tr\u00ean, v\u1eeba h\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c (3) Nghi\u1ec7p T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span> chu k\u1ef3 hay \u2018v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi\u2019 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Nghi\u1ec7p ((4)\u00a0Kamma<\/em><\/strong>) m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n<\/strong>, b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n<\/span> k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span> chu k\u1ef3 vay \u2018v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi\u2019 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. D\u00e2n gian hay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u201cb\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 t\u1eed\u201d, t\u1ee9c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn chu k\u1ef3 hay m\u1ea1ng chung<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0n\u1eb7ng\u00a0<\/strong>h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 duy\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba ki\u1ec3u ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>hay Ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang m\u1ea1ng. Ki\u1ec3u ch\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> l\u00e0\u00a0Ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac<\/span><\/strong>, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi m\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n<\/span>, ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda b\u1ecb t\u1eaft l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t trong 4 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n

Tim h\u1ebft, (1)<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1ea7u c\u1ea1n h\u1ebft, (2)<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1eeba d\u1ea7u c\u1ea1n v\u1eeba tim h\u1ebft, v\u00e0 (3)<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00fd do<\/span> hay t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n<\/span> kh\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan<\/span>, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 (4) m\u1ea1nh th\u1ed5i t\u1eaft.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span> v\u1eady, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do<\/span> mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/span> \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

5.\u00a0<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ed1i T\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0<\/strong>Hi\u1ec7n Di\u1ec7n Trong T\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac Ch\u1ebft<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t Nghi\u1ec7p (Kamma<\/em><\/strong>),\u00a0m\u1ed9t Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n Nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> hay Nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/em>(Kamma Nimitta<\/em><\/strong>)\u00a0ho\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0<\/em>(Gati Nimitta<\/em><\/strong>).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, d\u00f9 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2500 Nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0\u00a0Nghi\u1ec7p N\u1eb7ng<\/span><\/strong>. N\u1ebfu Nghi\u1ec7p N\u1eb7ng<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> hay kh\u1edfi \u2018ni\u1ec7m\u2019 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2018c\u1ed5ng\u2019 ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nghi\u1ec7p C\u1eadn T\u1eed<\/span> hay\u00a0C\u1eadn T\u1eed Nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2500 N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng C\u1eadn T\u1eed Nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, th\u00ec\u00a0Nghi\u1ec7p Th\u00f3i Quen<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>hay nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hay l\u00e0m, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0m trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p (th\u00f3i quen<\/span>) \u0103n c\u1eafp<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m<\/span>, hay nghi\u1ec7p (th\u00f3i quen<\/span>) ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh y\u1ebfu trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i Nghi\u1ec7p Th\u00f3i Quen<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c Nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng<\/span>, nh\u1eb9 kh\u00e1c kia, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef<\/span>, c\u00f2n mang t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u (hay v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span>) ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Nghi\u1ec7p T\u00edch L\u0169y<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a suy ngh\u0129<\/span> hay t\u00e2m Th\u1ee9c<\/span> ngay l\u00fac ch\u1ebft. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (H\u00e0nh) c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> t\u1ea1i gia<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Th\u1ef1c Hi\u1ec7n<\/span> 10 Vi\u1ec7c L\u00e0m<\/span> (H\u00e0nh) C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span>, bao g\u1ed3m<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2500\u00a0<\/strong>T\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec7m<\/span> v\u1ec1 Tam B\u1ea3o<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 Ng\u0169 Gi\u1edbi<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2500\u00a0<\/strong>H\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9 Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng Ph\u1eadt t\u00edch<\/span>, th\u00e1nh t\u00edch<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> l\u00f2ng tin<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh<\/span> k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2500\u00a0<\/strong>M\u1edf b\u0103ng \u0111\u0129a l\u1eafng nghe l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span> ho\u1eb7c nghe T\u0103ng Ni<\/span> t\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec7m<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2500\u00a0<\/strong>H\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, ni\u1ec7m C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a Tam B\u1ea3o<\/span>, h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span> hay l\u00f2ng \u0110\u1ed9 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span> v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng T\u1eeb<\/span> Bi hay T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9<\/span> (Satipatthana<\/em>)\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> l\u00e0m kh\u1edfi sinh nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> T\u00e2m l\u00e0nh, thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u00e1i (ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh) Nghi\u1ec7p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh, hi\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec1u, d\u1eef \u00edt.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> l\u00e0nh, thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00fac \u0111i xa, h\u00e0nh trang v\u1eabn g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u Th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh<\/span> d\u00e0i, v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Kamma Nimitta<\/strong><\/em>,\u00a0Bi\u1ec3u Hi\u1ec7n Nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/em><\/strong>, l\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh<\/span>, \u00e2m thanh<\/span>, m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00f9i v\u1ecb<\/span>, x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m hay \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u201ck\u1ebft\u201d nghi\u1ec7p (Kamma<\/em>). Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con dao trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng th\u1ecbt; l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span>; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n hay bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh<\/span> nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0C\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0110\u1ec1<\/em>, hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd \u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft\u2026trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o; \u2026.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Gati Nimitta<\/strong><\/em>,\u00a0Bi\u1ec3u Hi\u1ec7n C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> T\u00e1i sinh<\/span><\/em><\/strong>, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> \u0111ang c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0111\u00f3; ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai, ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>, nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u, l\u00e0 d\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(c\u00e1ch thay th\u1ebf) nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129<\/span> l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t b\u00e2y gi\u1edd s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2<\/span> nh\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0C\u1eadn T\u1eed Nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> ra lo\u1ea1i\u00a0Nghi\u1ec7p T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh (\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ed1t) cho T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn hay \u2018v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh\u2019 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00fai non, d\u1ea1 con trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9, thi\u00ean cung<\/span> tr\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

6.\u00a0<\/strong>N\u0103m Vi\u1ec5n C\u1ea3nh<\/span> C\u1ee7a\u00a0<\/strong>M\u1ed9t\u00a0<\/strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u1eafp Ch\u1ebft<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Theo \u0110\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o<\/span> ti\u1ebfn S\u0129<\/span> Rastrapal Mahathera,\u00a05\u00a0<\/strong>vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ch\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

1)\u00a0L\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span><\/strong>, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb sinh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

2)\u00a0Th\u00fa v\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 r\u1eebng n\u00fai<\/strong>, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> th\u00e0nh s\u00fac sanh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

3)\u00a0M\u00e0n t\u1ed1i<\/strong>, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> th\u00e0nh ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7<\/span> (hay \u2018h\u1ed3n\u2019 ma).<\/span><\/p>\n

4) Nh\u1eefng cha, m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n quy\u1ebfn<\/span> thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

5) Thi\u00ean cung<\/span>, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda hay xe ng\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<\/span>, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 b\u00ean T\u00e0u v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> ti\u1ebfng d\u00e2y x\u00edch ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9 v\u1ec7<\/span> c\u1ee7a Vua Yama (Di\u00eam Ma V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>) v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00e2u m\u1eb7t ng\u1ef1a g\u1edbm ghi\u1ebfc mang xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n x\u1eed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gati-nimitta\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i t\u00e1i sinh<\/span><\/em>) lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean<\/span> \u1edf \u201cc\u1eeda-T\u00e2m\u201d nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hay vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0\u1ea3o \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>(illusion),\u00a0\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>(hallucination) hay\u00a0\u1ea3o gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba<\/span> (delusion). V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 T\u00e2m\u00a0minh m\u1eabn<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb hoang mang\u00a0<\/em>v\u00e0o l\u00fac s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec7n trong t\u00e2m hay th\u1ea5y g\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i s\u1eafp t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> v\u1ec1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> th\u00eam v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ebft, n\u00ean t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o<\/span> Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129<\/span> Rastrapal Mahathera (S\u00e1ch &T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u Tham Kh\u1ea3o<\/span><\/strong>, S\u1ed1 3.) trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span> trong l\u00fac h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> tr\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

7. Th\u1ee9c\u00a0<\/strong>H\u1ea5p\u00a0<\/strong>H\u1ed1i, Th\u1ee9c L\u00fac \u0110ang Ch\u1ebft<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eed l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec7p (kamma<\/em>) ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Bi\u1ec3u Hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Nghi\u1ec7p (kamma nimitta<\/em>) ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3u Hi\u1ec7n, d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a N\u01a1i s\u1ebd T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn (gati nimitta<\/em>), th\u00ec Th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh (course) c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ee9c th\u00ec, trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u2018t\u00edch\u2019-ch\u01b0a-\u0111\u1ebfn-\u2018t\u1eafc\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo \u201cVi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p\u201d (Abhidhamma<\/em>), m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy<\/span>, \u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span> b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> ch\u1ea1y trong 17 kho\u1ea3ng-kh\u1eafc-ngh\u0129 hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 17 s\u00e1t-na T\u00e2m (citta<\/em>), trong \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh\u00a0Javana<\/em><\/strong>3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 7 s\u00e1t-na t\u00e2m. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n\u00a0Javana<\/em>n\u00e0y l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ee9ng\u00a0v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span><\/strong>, cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea5u hay t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0nh hay d\u1eef, th\u00ec th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong r\u1ed3i: Nghi\u1ec7p (kamma<\/em>) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh!.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn s\u01b0<\/span> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, kho\u1ea3ng kh\u1eafc ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i n\u00e0y, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh ch\u1edbp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tia ch\u1edbp b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, v\u1eabn c\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 s\u00e1t-na T\u00e2m\u00a0<\/em>(cittas<\/em>)<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/em>Trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft, th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh\u00a0Javana\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u1edbt<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea1y trong v\u00f2ng<\/span> 5 s\u00e1t-na T\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh\u00a0Javana\u00a0<\/em>n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec n\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh Nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span> (reproductive\u00a0kamma<\/em><\/strong>) cho ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span>. Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp hay \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd<\/span> (registering consciousness) nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng theo. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, Th\u1ee9c L\u00e2m Chung<\/span> hay Th\u1ee9c T\u1eed M\u1ea1ng (cuti-citta<\/em><\/strong>), l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> (tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> qua ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNgay khi ch\u1ebft, Th\u1ee9c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span> (Th\u1ee9c t\u1eed m\u1ea1ng) bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>, l\u00e0m kh\u1edfi sinh cho m\u1ed9t Th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0Th\u1ee9c T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>(Patisandhi<\/em>) trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span> x\u00e1c hay m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u00e0i m\u1edbi. R\u1ed3i<\/span><\/p>\n

3 T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0\u00a0\u201ckho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ckho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc t\u1ed1c h\u00e0nh\u201d\u00a0<\/strong>(theo d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ng\u00e2n\u00a0<\/strong>d\u1ecbch \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o V\u00f4 Ng\u1ea1i<\/span> Gi\u1ea3i\u201d t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t).<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 C. A. F. Rhys Davids, Bhikkhu Bodhi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean ch\u1eef\u00a0javana\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> thu\u1ed9c \u201cVi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p\u201d cao h\u1ecdc. Xin b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y theo b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Pali qua ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Bhikkhu Bodhi (\u201cA Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma\u201d, BPS, [Kandy 1993] \u0111o\u1ea1n (12) trang 124, ch\u00fa th\u00edch 8, 9 trang 372, trang 389. Ch\u1eef \u2018ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh\u2019 (v\u012bthi: n\u0111 \u2018l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh\u2019) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch theo Bhikkhu Bodhi, s\u0111d, \u0111. 4 trang 151). D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ng\u00e2n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o V\u00f4 Ng\u1ea1i<\/span> Gi\u1ea3i\u201d).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t Th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi (Th\u1ee9c T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span>) c\u0169ng l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span> bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span>, nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng v\u1eady, (li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> ch\u1ea3y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi (Th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi<\/em>) li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea3y qua, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111i \u2013ND). D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y mang theo<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>. D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y m\u1edbi hay s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi n\u00e0y\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t<\/span> trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span><\/strong>, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o<\/span> kh\u00e1c,\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau<\/strong>, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng Nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7u, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span> hay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u2018ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng\u2019 nhanh h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1edbp m\u00e0 ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t-na T\u00e2m hay s\u00e1t-na Th\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng kh\u1eafc th\u1eddi gian<\/span> c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec xen v\u00e0o<\/span> gi\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

(B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung<\/span> th\u1eddi gian<\/span> gi\u1eefa khi 2 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e1t nhau<\/span> tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u00e1nh xe \u0111ang quay nhanh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1eady, theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span> h\u1ecdc. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u2018d\u00e0i\u2019 h\u01a1n c\u00e1i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a 2 Th\u1ee9c sinh di\u1ec7t<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh dung<\/span> ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> th\u1eddi gian<\/span> hay hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa 2 \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 ND).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp hay trung gian<\/span> hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 trung h\u1eefu<\/span> (antara-bhava<\/em>). Theo b\u1ed9 \u201cNh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec3m D\u1ecb Bi\u1ec7t\u201d (Kathavatthu<\/em><\/strong>) c\u1ee7a Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/span> T\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, nh\u01b0 Pubbaseliya (\u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n Tr\u1ee5 B\u1ed9<\/span>) v\u00e0 Sammatiya (Ch\u00e1nh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed9<\/span>) cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd th\u1ecd thai (\u0111\u1ea7u thai<\/span> l\u1ea1i, re-conception) m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n hay nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cTr\u1edf Th\u00e0nh\u201d (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>, hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh<\/span> hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1eefu (bhava<\/em>) trong v\u00f2ng<\/span> duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>) \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span>, S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span>. Cho n\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u2018linh h\u1ed3n\u2019 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span> hay t\u1eed cung<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u thai<\/span> v\u00e0o.\u00a0S\u1ef1 T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span> di\u1ec5n ra ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1eddi gian<\/span> d\u00f9 \u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3\u2019 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi<\/span> hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span>, duy\u00ean sinh<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 T\u00e1i Sinh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c T\u1eed M\u1ea1ng (cuti-citta<\/em>), nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0Javana\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> \u1edf tr\u00ean. N\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh\u00a0Javana\u00a0<\/em>l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh<\/span>, th\u00ec t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh; n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh, th\u00ec t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>, \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecda<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau khi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u1edbi l\u00fac l\u00e2m chung<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n m\u00e0ng<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

8. Nh\u1eefng Ki\u1ec3u Sinh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 4 ki\u1ec3u sinh (t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

Sinh t\u1eeb tr\u1ee9ng\u00a0<\/strong>(a) (no\u00e3n sinh<\/span>), nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i chim, b\u00f2 s\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sinh t\u1eeb d\u1ea1 con\u00a0<\/strong>(b) (thai sinh<\/span>), nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f3 v\u00fa v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba th\u00e2n tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sinh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, n\u01a1i \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt\u00a0<\/strong>(c) (th\u1ea5p sinh<\/span>), nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, n\u01a1i \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt l\u00e0m sinh s\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sinh do t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t\u00a0<\/strong>(d) (t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> sinh), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u2018khu\u1ea5t m\u1eaft\u2019, m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do duy\u00ean t\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, h\u1ecd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o cha, m\u1eb9 g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Tr\u1eddi Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> (Brahmas<\/em>),\u00a0<\/em>thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n<\/span> (devas<\/em>), ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7<\/span> (petas<\/em>), qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n<\/span> hay A-tu-la (asuras<\/em>) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> trong \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3\u00a09 nh\u00f3m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>(s\u1eafc) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi Nghi\u1ec7p (Kamma<\/em>), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: C\u0103n hay ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1c, gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i v\u00e0 5 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 th\u00e2n. 9 nh\u00f3m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m\u00a0t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> sinh<\/strong>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> hay sinh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 cha m\u1eb9<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> nhanh l\u1edbp v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> hay nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o cho s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

9. B\u1ed1n C\u1ea3nh Gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 4 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> hay 4 c\u00f5i s\u1ed1ng:<\/span><\/p>\n

a) C\u1ea3nh D\u1ee5c Gi\u1edbi<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u \u0110au Kh\u1ed5<\/span> (apaya\/ kamaduggati bhumi<\/em><\/strong>)<\/span><\/p>\n

b) C\u1ea3nh D\u1ee5c Gi\u1edbi<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u00fac L\u00e0nh (kamasugati bhumi<\/em><\/strong>).<\/span><\/p>\n

c) C\u1ea3nh S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi<\/span> (rupa bhumi<\/em><\/strong>).<\/span><\/p>\n

d) C\u1ea3nh V\u00f4 S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi<\/span> (arupa bhumi<\/em><\/strong>).<\/span><\/p>\n

a) Trong C\u1ea3nh\u00a0D\u1ee5c Gi\u1edbi<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span><\/strong>, c\u00f3\u00a04\u00a0<\/strong>c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span> (niraya<\/em>),<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fac sinh<\/span> hay th\u00fa gi\u1edbi,<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7<\/span> hay \u2018ma\u2019 gi\u1edbi (peta<\/em>), v\u00e0<\/span><\/p>\n

Qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n<\/span> hay A-tu-la (asuras<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh<\/em><\/strong>, d\u1eef, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2<\/span> quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ngay l\u00fac ch\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n

b) Trong\u00a07 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh\u00a0<\/strong>bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 6 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<\/span>, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> hay thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n<\/span> l\u00e0 do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> thi\u1ec7n\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(cao h\u01a1n). Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> n\u1ebfu c\u00f9ng t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u00e2m, \u0111i\u1ebfc, \u0111ui, qu\u00e8, t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n, ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> th\u00e0nh qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n<\/span> A-tu-la thu\u1ed9c c\u00f5i h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span> c\u1ee7a\u00a0Nghi\u1ec7p t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> ti\u1ec3u thi\u1ec7n\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n).<\/span><\/p>\n

(Xem th\u00eam Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XI, Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i Nghi\u1ec7p Thi\u1ec7n<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

c) Trong c\u1ea3nh S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi<\/span> (rupa bhumi<\/em><\/strong>), s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> v\u00e0o 1 trong 16 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> (Brahma<\/em><\/strong>) l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t T\u1ea7ng Thi\u1ec1n S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi<\/span> (rupa jhana<\/em><\/strong>) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

d) Trong c\u1ea3nh V\u00f4 S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi<\/span> (arupa bhumi<\/em><\/strong>), s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> v\u00e0o trong 4 c\u1ea3nh V\u00f4 S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t T\u1ea7ng Thi\u1ec1n V\u00f4 S\u1eafc<\/span> Gi\u1edbi (arupa jhana<\/em><\/strong>) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00edch t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc <\/a>(Chan Khoon San \u2013 L\u00ea Kim Kha d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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