{"id":7813,"date":"2020-12-05T19:12:35","date_gmt":"2020-12-05T12:12:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/05\/con-duong-dua-den-tai-sanh-tot-dep\/"},"modified":"2020-12-05T19:12:35","modified_gmt":"2020-12-05T12:12:35","slug":"con-duong-dua-den-tai-sanh-tot-dep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/05\/con-duong-dua-den-tai-sanh-tot-dep\/","title":{"rendered":"Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u01b0a \u0110\u1ebfn T\u00e1i Sanh T\u1ed1t \u0110\u1eb9p"},"content":{"rendered":"

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CON \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG<\/span> \u0110\u01afA \u0110\u1ebeN T\u00c1I SANH<\/span> T\u1ed0T \u0110\u1eb8P<\/span>
(The Way to a Fortunate Rebirth)
<\/b><\/span>
T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0: Bhikkhu Bodhi
<\/b>Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch\u00a0: Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 Mai<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"Con

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span> t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u00a0ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V , \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch t\u1eeb\u00a0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u00ab\u00a0 H\u1ee2P TUY\u1ec2N L\u1edcI PH\u1eacT D\u1ea0Y<\/span> T\u1eea KINH T\u1ea0NG<\/span> PALI \u00ab\u00a0 ( In The Buddha\u2019s Words – An Anthology of Discourses from the Pali Canon ) c\u1ee7a Bhikkhu Bodhi, do Nguy\u00ean Nh\u1eadt Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 Mai d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t – Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u<\/span> Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc<\/span> Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span> xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n – 2016 .<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong l\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 \u201cc\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c Th\u00e1nh c\u1ea7u\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng khi Ng\u00e0i nh\u00ecn ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> ngay sau khi<\/span> Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3a hoa sen<\/span> \u0111ang \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau trong h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/i> Trong l\u00fac m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3a sen \u1edf tr\u00ean ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n k\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp thu<\/span> nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t th\u1ebf gian<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3a sen c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u1edf s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3a sen \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec<\/span> s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng; tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1<\/span> ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng tin<\/span> c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span> cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m linh<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong l\u00fac th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn t\u00e2m linh<\/span> xa h\u01a1n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i<\/span> n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e2ng cao<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m linh<\/span> trong Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> (pu\u00f1\u00f1a<\/i>), m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i sanh<\/span>. Theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng qui lu\u1eadt b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>, sinh h\u1ecdc, t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang h\u1eefu<\/span> t\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> n\u00e0y sang m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng theo qui lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/span> theo m\u1ed9t qui lu\u1eadt ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> theo hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch<\/span> ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/span>: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/span>, n\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y; v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai, n\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i sanh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/span> trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> l\u00e0m cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> qui lu\u1eadt, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> (Kamma<\/i>). T\u1eeb Kamma<\/i> ngh\u0129a \u0111en<\/span> l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng do \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y: \u201cCh\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> (cetan\u0101<\/i>) m\u00e0 ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p<\/i>; v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> (cetayitv\u0101), <\/i>n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 \u00fd.\u201d\u00a0 Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eeb \u00fd<\/span> ch\u00ed. \u00dd ch\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>, ph\u00e1t sinh ra nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129<\/span>, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch<\/span>, v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span>; hay n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9<\/span> ra ngo\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua th\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, s\u1ebd tan bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c hay m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, theo \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng do \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 (vip\u0101ka<\/i>) hay qu\u1ea3 (phala<\/i>) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p. <\/i>H\u00e0nh <\/i>\u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ph\u00e1t sinh ra nghi\u1ec7p, <\/i>m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y. R\u1ed3i khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>, nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> s\u1ebd ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n sinh ra nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>. Trong l\u00fac ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i<\/span>, nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n<\/span> hay \u00e1c, t\u00f9y theo<\/span> v\u00e0o ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> trong \u0111\u00f3 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp<\/span>, hay trong m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai xa x\u0103m<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0 M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> l\u00e0 bao l\u00e2u ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong v\u00f2ng<\/span> lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i<\/span> n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a tr\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9<\/span> l\u1edbn: B\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> (akusala)<\/i> v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> (kusala). B\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> <\/i>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m linh<\/span>, \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00ea<\/span> tr\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span> m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> \u0111\u00e0ng sau h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t sinh ra h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y. C\u00f3 ba ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>: tham, s\u00e2n v\u00e0 si. T\u1eeb ba g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 \u1ea5y ph\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef<\/span>, th\u00f9 ngh\u1ecbch<\/span>, ganh gh\u00e9t<\/span>, \u00edch k\u1ef7<\/span>, ki\u00eau c\u0103ng<\/span>, t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o, t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5, v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng; v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m linh<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng khen<\/span> ng\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd tr\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn trong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> v\u00e0 may m\u1eafn<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ba ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c thi\u1ec7n: v\u00f4 tham<\/span>, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00f4 si<\/span>, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, t\u1eeb bi<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>. Trong l\u00fac nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> l\u1ea1i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> sinh t\u1eed<\/span>, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i, th\u1ebf gian<\/span> v\u00e0 si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gian<\/span> (lokiya<\/i>) c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> may m\u1eafn<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> trong v\u00f2ng<\/span> lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/span> (lokuttara<\/i>), nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1edd tu t\u1eadp B\u00e1t Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c<\/span> cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> l\u00e0m tan r\u00e3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t trong Ph\u1ea9m Nghi\u1ec7p ( T\u0103ng Chi BK II ).<\/i> <\/b>Kinh n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cnghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1i\u201d v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gian<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cnghi\u1ec7p s\u00e1ng.\u201d Kinh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i l\u1eabn s\u00e1ng. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, th\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac l\u1ea1i mang nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> l\u1eabn b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>; v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y hay lo\u1ea1i kia. Nghi\u1ec7p k\u1ebft<\/span> h\u1ee3p n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> xen k\u1ebd nhau. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, kinh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tu t\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n B\u00e1t<\/span> Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span> r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y<\/span> s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span>. <\/i>Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u1ebf gian<\/span> thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/span> thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span> si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/span> bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>, L\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> v\u00e0 Tam ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n<\/span> l\u00e0 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y<\/span>, ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span> si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span> thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span> thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span> v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a qui lu\u1eadt nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3<\/span> v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 qua ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i sanh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt<\/span> nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> qu\u1ea3<\/i> \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span> c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn<\/span> trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y. Hai gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> song \u0111\u00f4i nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> <\/i>cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00f3ng \u1ea3nh tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch<\/span> m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft tri\u1ebft l\u00fd duy t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, xem x\u00e9t<\/span> c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>, hai gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span> cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. L\u00fd do<\/span> v\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec trong ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>, ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec7p<\/i>, hay m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng do \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span>, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec<\/span> b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y: \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh<\/span> che l\u1ea5p<\/span>, v\u00e0 tham d\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf<\/span>, nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng, th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 tham d\u1ee5c<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, \u0111\u1ec3 cho nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> m\u1edbi, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m<\/span>, trung b\u00ecnh hay cao si\u00eau.\u201d (T\u0103ng Chi BK 3)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i\u00a0 Kinh Saleyyaka<\/span> ( Trung BK I- Kinh s\u1ed1 41),<\/i> <\/b>ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> tinh t\u1ebf<\/span> h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>. B\u00e0i kinh<\/span> k\u1ec3 ra m\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> ch\u00ednh cho m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111\u00fang Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span>, theo \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>,\u201d nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>.\u00a0 M\u01b0\u1eddi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p theo \u201cba c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d l\u00e0 th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 \u00fd. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/span>, h\u00e3y x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>, c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i \u00e1c h\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n: s\u00e1t sanh<\/span>, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e0 d\u00e2m<\/span>; b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i \u00e1c h\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi: n\u00f3i l\u00e1o, n\u00f3i hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i, n\u00f3i l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c<\/span>, n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm<\/span>; v\u00e0 ba lo\u1ea1i \u00e1c h\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u00fd: tham lam<\/span>, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span>. M\u01b0\u1eddi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i: Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ba \u00e1c h\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1ed1n \u00e1c h\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng tham lam<\/span>, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span>. Theo b\u00e0i kinh<\/span>, m\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i \u00e1c h\u1ea1nh<\/span> thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span> sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span>; m\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh<\/span> thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 kinh v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span>, m\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> l\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng cho s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/span>, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c<\/span> cho \u201cs\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span>,\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span> c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. V\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> chia l\u00e0m ba c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> l\u1edbn: D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span> (k\u0101madh<\/i>\u0101t<\/i>u)<\/i>, S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span> (r\u016bpadh\u0101tu), <\/i>v\u00e0 <\/i>V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span> (ar\u016bpadh\u0101tu)<\/i>, <\/i>m\u1ed7i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span>, l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y b\u1ecb d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span> l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n<\/span> m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9: nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i\u00a0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span> hay \u201cnh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 (ap\u0101ya)<\/i>\u201d <\/i>g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> ba: \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>, l\u00e0 c\u00f5i b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng (xem Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/span> s\u1ed1 129 v\u00e0 130<\/i>) <\/i>; s\u00fac sanh<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00f5i ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7<\/span> (pettivisaya<\/i>), l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t<\/span> nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m m\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f5i thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0nh trong D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> lo\u00e0i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u00e1u c\u00f5i Thi\u00ean. C\u00e1c c\u00f5i Thi\u00ean l\u00e0: ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span> trong c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi<\/span> T\u1ee9 Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, l\u00e0 c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n v\u1ecb vua uy quy\u1ec1n<\/span> cai tr\u1ecb (t\u00ean l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>)<\/i>; ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span> c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi \u0110ao L\u1ee3i<\/span> Thi\u00ean\/ Tam Th\u1eadp Tam Thi\u00ean<\/span> (T\u0101vati\u1e43sa) do Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf-th\u00edch (Sakka) cai tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, trung th\u00e0nh<\/span> nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng xao l\u00e3ng<\/span> (xem kinh Sakkasa\u1e43yutta, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/span>, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 11)<\/i>; ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span> c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi<\/span> D\u1ea1-ma (Y\u0101ma); ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span> c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u-su\u1ea5t<\/span> (Tusit\u0101), l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t (ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp m\u1eabu thai l\u00e0m ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>; ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span> c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi<\/span> H\u00f3a L\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean<\/span> (Nimm\u0101narati) (l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean th\u00edch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>)<\/i> v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span> c\u00f5i Tha H\u00f3a T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean<\/span> (Paranimm\u0101narati) (l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c)<\/i>. Nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n<\/span> d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f5i thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span> l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u01b0\u1eddi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4 k\u1ec7ch<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> (Brahm\u0101), vui h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span>, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/span>, th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh<\/span> t\u1ecfa \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng si\u00eau \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span>. S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span> g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u t\u1ea7ng tr\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng tr\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n. Ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng tr\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c Ph\u1ea1m Ch\u00fang Thi\u00ean<\/span>, Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u1ee5 Thi\u00ean<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> (Mah\u0101brahm\u0101), t\u00f9y v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, trung b\u00ecnh hay cao c\u1ea5p. Nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> c\u0169ng \u1edf ba m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng tr\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c Thi\u1ec3u Quang Thi\u00ean<\/span>, V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Quang Thi\u00ean<\/span>, hay T\u1ecbnh Quang Thi\u00ean. Tam thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng ba m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng tr\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c Thi\u1ec3u T\u1ecbnh Thi\u00ean<\/span>, V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecbnh Thi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 Bi\u1ebfn T\u1ecbnh Thi\u00ean<\/span>. T\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> v\u00e0o ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span> thu\u1ed9c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span> cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span> nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n<\/span> \u201ct\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> v\u00e0o V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edfng Thi\u00ean<\/span>, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb thi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 \u201ct\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d. S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> n\u0103m t\u1ea7ng tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3<\/span> B\u1ea5t Lai<\/span> t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh C\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>, V\u00f4 \u0110\u1ecda Thi\u00ean (Avih\u0101), Thanh T\u1ecbnh<\/span> Thi\u00ean (Atapp\u0101), <\/i>Thi\u1ec7n Hi\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean<\/span> (Sudass\u0101), Thi\u1ec7n Ki\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean<\/span> (Sudassi) v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Song<\/span> Thi\u00ean (Akanitth\u0101). Trong m\u1ed7i t\u1ea7ng tr\u1eddi vi t\u1ebf<\/span> \u1ea5y, th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> d\u00e0i l\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia t\u0103ng<\/span> \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3<\/span> theo t\u1eebng b\u1eadc tr\u1eddi cao h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f5i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> th\u1ee9 ba, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>, v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span>. C\u00f5i n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> b\u1ed1n t\u1ea7ng tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> b\u1ed1n t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n V\u00f4 s\u1eafc<\/span> gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean l\u00e0: Kh\u00f4ng V\u00f4 Bi\u00ean X\u1ee9<\/span>, Th\u1ee9c V\u00f4 Bi\u00ean X\u1ee9<\/span>, V\u00f4 S\u1edf H\u1eefu X\u1ee9<\/span> v\u00e0 Phi T\u01b0\u1edfng Phi Phi T\u01b0\u1edfng X\u1ee9<\/span>. Th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng<\/span> \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi 20.000; 40.000; 60.000 v\u00e0 84.000 \u0111\u1ea1i-ki\u1ebfp (great eons<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> trong m\u1ed7i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n, n\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. Ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> hay h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i khi nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft th\u1eddi<\/span> h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebft \u0111i v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng tra t\u1ea5n<\/span> nh\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi<\/span>, cho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang k\u00e9o d\u00e0i bao l\u00e2u, r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac tr\u00f4i qua<\/span>. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00e2m linh<\/span> v\u1eabn c\u00f3<\/span> nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00f5i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> hay c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n m\u00e3n \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c<\/span> n\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft<\/span> n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> lang thang v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> trong c\u00f5i lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> V\u00f4 sanh<\/span>, t\u1ee9c Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> h\u1eefu vi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong l\u00fac hai v\u0103n b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f5i t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> . <\/i>Kinh <\/i>Ti\u1ec3u Nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0 Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t<\/span> ( Trung BK III , Kinh s\u1ed1 135 )<\/i>, <\/i>\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n<\/span> ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n<\/span> b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. B\u00e0i kinh<\/span> n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u201cCh\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p; h\u1ecd xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec7p r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/span>, n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u00ednh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m<\/span> hay cao sang.\u201d B\u00e0i kinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> c\u00e2u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan<\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ea3y c\u1eb7p t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. B\u1ea3n kinh<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span> s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> hai lo\u1ea1i h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span> m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3: nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00f5i d\u1eef, nghi\u1ec7p kia l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span> trong c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, y\u1ec3u m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span> s\u00e1t sanh<\/span> trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra: nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/span>, nghi\u1ec7p kia l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> trong c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> (pu\u00f1\u00f1a<\/i>), l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/span> trong v\u00f2ng<\/span> lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>. C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> ph\u00e1t sinh ra nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c<\/span> thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>, gi\u00e0u c\u00f3<\/span>, xinh \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span>. C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c<\/span> si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi<\/span> con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>. Do v\u1eady, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y trong Kinh C\u00e1c Vi\u1ec7c L\u00e0m<\/span> C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span> (<\/i>Kinh <\/i>Itivuttaka 22<\/i>)<\/i><\/b>,<\/i> <\/b>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i trau d\u1ed3i c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 trau d\u1ed3i c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span> Nik\u0101ya s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u00e0nh ba n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh<\/span>: B\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. Kinh<\/i> Ba\u00a0 N\u1ec1n T\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span><\/i> <\/i>(T\u0103ng Chi BK IV<\/i>) <\/b>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c <\/b>ki\u1ec3u t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span>. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> xoay quanh<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span>, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c<\/span> cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Tam B\u1ea3o<\/span>: Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng. Kinh <\/i>Nh\u1eefng T\u00edn T\u00e2m<\/span> T\u1ed1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/i> <\/i>( T\u0103ng Chi BK IV<\/i> ) ca ng\u1ee3i<\/span> ba ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> gi\u1eefa lo\u00e0i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> trong m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>, v\u00e0 T\u0103ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>. B\u00e0i kinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> hai chi\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb<\/span> v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o<\/span>: Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi<\/span> (dhamm\u0101 sankhat\u0101), <\/i>B\u00e1t Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>; gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi<\/span> ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 vi<\/span>, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/span> v\u00e0o Tam b\u1ea3o<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng<\/span> s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh<\/span> tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>; nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi b\u00e0i kinh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, v\u00e0 trong vai tr\u00f2<\/span> n\u00e0y qu\u00fd ng\u00e0i gi\u00fap cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/span> nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ngay sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n \u00a0ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> \u00a0ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/span> ba n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> theo t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong ph\u1ea7n 3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> (d\u0101na). <\/i>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng xem b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span>, v\u00ec b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ebb g\u00e3y c\u00e1i t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng \u00edch k\u1ef7<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3<\/span> th\u00f3i quen<\/span> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> khi giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3<\/span> T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> mong \u0111\u1ee3i<\/span>, \u201cb\u1ed1 th\u00ed\u201d trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i<\/span> trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>. Trong l\u00fac b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> c\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>. \u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf<\/span>, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> s\u00e2u xa<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> sinh t\u1eed<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span> v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> an to\u00e0n<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/span> x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb lang thang kh\u00f4ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea1o tr\u1ecdc hay b\u00fai t\u00f3c, \u0111\u1eafp y<\/span> m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng n\u00e2u hay tr\u1eafng hay l\u00f5a th\u1ec3, h\u1ecd \u0111i t\u1eeb n\u01a1i n\u00e0y sang n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5<\/span> nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb ba th\u00e1ng m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u1edf trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u1ed1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> hay hang \u0111\u00e1 hay nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lang thang kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 \u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tu<\/span> kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh\u201d (sama\u1e47a<\/i>) hay nh\u1eefng du s\u0129, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gia ch\u1ee7<\/span>. C\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span> cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> nh\u01b0 y \u00e1o, ch\u1ed7 c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5<\/span> v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c men; khi l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span> \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbc xa h\u01a1n<\/span> tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span> l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng<\/span> n\u00e0y cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t khi Ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y t\u00e2m linh<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> Gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady: T\u1ef7-kheo v\u00e0 T\u1ef7-kheo-ni, c\u0169ng s\u1ed1ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span> cho h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trao t\u1eb7ng cho th\u00ed ch\u1ee7<\/span> m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed Ph\u00e1p<\/span>, l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>, b\u00ecnh an<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span>. Kinh <\/i>H\u1ed7 Tr\u1ee3 L\u1eabn Nhau ( Kinh Itivuttaka 107)<\/i> <\/b>\u00a0<\/b>ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> cho h\u1ecd c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>. V\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7<\/span> thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh<\/span> x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111i theo<\/span> con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, th\u00ec c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> (xem Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/span> s\u1ed1 142).<\/i> V\u00ec l\u00fd do<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cru\u1ed9ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian<\/span> n\u00e0y.\u201d C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u1edbn lao, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn an vui h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> trong c\u00e1c c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 Kinh <\/i>T\u00e1i sanh<\/span> Do B\u1ed1 Th\u00ed<\/span> ( T\u0103ng Chi BK IV<\/i> )<\/b> nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u201cch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp<\/span> l\u00e0 \u201cGi\u1edbi\u201d (s\u012bla<\/i>), m\u00e0 theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span> Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span>. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span> Nik\u0101ya l\u00e0 ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qui lu\u1eadt r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi: kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1t sanh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng cho, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0 d\u00e2m<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e1o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong Kinh <\/i>N\u0103m Gi\u1edbi<\/span> ( T\u0103ng Chi BK IV )<\/i>,<\/i> <\/b>m\u00e0 theo m\u1ed9t xoay chuy\u1ec3n ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c<\/span> trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> t\u1eeb, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> x\u01b0a c\u1ed5, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean s\u01a1,\u201d nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u1ee5 \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7t Gi\u1edbi (s\u012bla<\/i>) v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> B\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> (d\u0101na<\/i>). L\u00fd do<\/span> v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span> s\u1ebd ban b\u1ed1 cho v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u201cs\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do<\/span> tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>, th\u00f9 ngh\u1ecbch<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p<\/span>,\u201d v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3<\/span>, \u201cch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1<\/span> do tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>, th\u00f9 ngh\u1ecbch<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong l\u00fac \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span> ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn to\u00e0n th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n cho ng\u00e0y Uposatha, l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y tu B\u00e1t Quan Trai Gi\u1edbi<\/span>; nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> theo \u00e2m l\u1ecbch<\/span>: l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m, ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 hai ng\u00e0y tr\u0103ng b\u00e1n nguy\u1ec7t (ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u01b0u ti\u00ean<\/span>). V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> thu\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh<\/span> ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> gi\u1eef t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi: n\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> c\u1ea5m chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng ba gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c Sa-di nam hay n\u1eef. T\u00e1m gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 trong Kinh <\/i>Th\u1ecd B\u00e1t Quan Trai Gi\u1edbi<\/span> ( T\u0103ng Chi BK IV )<\/i>,<\/i> <\/b>t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> vi\u1ec7c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n<\/span> Gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng<\/span>. <\/b>V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> n\u00e0y, Gi\u1edbi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span>, c\u0169ng gi\u00fap thanh l\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4 l\u1eadu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u u\u1ebf<\/span> trong t\u00e2m v\u00e0 khai m\u1edf chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. Kinh <\/i>Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n T\u00e2m T\u1eeb<\/span> ( Kinh Itivuttaka )<\/i> <\/i>tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gian<\/span> l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m t\u1eeb<\/span> (mett\u0101bhavan\u0101). <\/i>Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u00e2m t\u1eeb<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m b\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cT\u1ee9 V\u00f4 Lu\u1ee3ng T\u00e2m\u201d (appaman\u00f1\u00f1\u0101): <\/i>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m T\u1eeb<\/span>, Bi, H\u1ef7, X\u1ea3, v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>. N\u00f3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, T\u1eeb (mett\u0101) <\/i>l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng mong \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>; Bi (karu\u1e47\u0101)<\/i> l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u0111ang b\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 \u0111au d\u00e0y v\u00f2; H\u1ef7 (mudit\u0101) <\/i>l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span> h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span> v\u00e0 may m\u1eafn<\/span> c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c; X\u1ea3 (upekkh\u0101) <\/i>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/span> b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi vui bu\u1ed3n<\/span>, gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/span> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb dao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> (<\/i> Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/span> II. Kinh s\u1ed1 99:<\/i> <\/i>Kinh <\/i>Subha)<\/b><\/i> Trong l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n xem th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> cao nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i t\u00e1i sanh<\/span> cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span>, v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh<\/span> cao l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. <\/i>Kinh Tu\u1ec7 Qu\u00e1n<\/span> Th\u00f9 Th\u1eafng<\/span><\/i> <\/i>( T\u0103ng Chi BK IV ) <\/i>\u00a0x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo<\/span> k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang: T\u1eeb b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> (v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng theo \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> t\u00e2m linh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn) \u0111\u1ebfn quy y<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u1eef N\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span>, \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n t\u00e2m<\/span> t\u1eeb. R\u1ed3i, v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i, b\u00e0i kinh<\/span> tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/span> kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gian<\/span> trong v\u00f2ng<\/span> lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> sinh t\u1eed<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> l\u00e0m c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t nh\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i d\u00e2y x\u00edch r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/span><\/div>\n

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[ad_1] CON \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG \u0110\u01afA \u0110\u1ebeN T\u00c1I SANH T\u1ed0T \u0110\u1eb8P (The Way to a Fortunate Rebirth) T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3\u00a0: Bhikkhu Bodhi Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch\u00a0: Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 Mai \u00a0 Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u\u00a0: \u0110\u00e2y\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7814,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[104],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-7813","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-giai-dap-nghi-hoac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7813","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7813"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7813\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7814"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7813"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7813"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=7813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}