{"id":7833,"date":"2020-12-05T19:46:41","date_gmt":"2020-12-05T12:46:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/05\/hien-bay-bo-de-tam-bodhicittavivarana-song-ngu\/"},"modified":"2020-12-05T19:46:41","modified_gmt":"2020-12-05T12:46:41","slug":"hien-bay-bo-de-tam-bodhicittavivarana-song-ngu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/05\/hien-bay-bo-de-tam-bodhicittavivarana-song-ngu\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec3n B\u00e0y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 T\u00e2m. Bodhicittavivarana (song Ng\u1eef)"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> <\/span>
HI\u1ec2N B\u00c0Y<\/span> B\u1ed2 \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c2M<\/span>. BODHICITTAVIVARANA (SONG NG\u1eee)<\/span> <\/span>

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t: \u0110\u1eb7ng H\u1eefu Ph\u00fac | B\u1ea3n Anh: Bodhicittavivarana. Exposition of Bodhicitta <\/span><\/span>
Tr\u00edch t\u1eeb: Master of Wisdom. Writings of the Buddhist Master Nagarjuna. <\/span>
Translations and Studies by Chr. Lindtner. Dharma Publishing, 1986, 1997<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Hi\u1ec3n

\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y<\/span> B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: Do t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n — r\u1ed7ng th\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span>, ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> (gi\u1edbi), c\u00e1c x\u1ee9, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng — l\u00e0 v\u00f4 sinh<\/span> tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t; v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, ch\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u00e1nh ch\u1ee7<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> ph\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 T\u00e2m<\/span> (mahabodhicitta), c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span> t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u1eeb nay cho t\u1edbi khi t\u00f4i an tr\u1ee5 trong t\u00e2m vi\u00ean gi\u00e1c<\/span>, ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 T\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> c\u00e1c k\u1ebb ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, an \u1ee7i<\/span> c\u00e1c k\u1ebb ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u1ee7i<\/span>, v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> c\u00e1c k\u1ebb ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c mantras, ph\u00e1t b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>. Do th\u1ebf t\u00f4i s\u1ebd khai th\u1ecb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/span><\/p>\n

1. K\u00ednh l\u1ec5<\/span> ch\u01b0 Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u01b0<\/span> hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n<\/span> t\u00e2m gi\u00e1c<\/span> ng\u1ed9, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> ba lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng b\u1ecb bao ph\u1ee7 trong c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, v.v\u2026, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n r\u1ed7ng th\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb m\u00e0 t\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u00fat \u00edt \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u1ec1 B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Khi t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> (tirthikas) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo lu\u1eadn l\u00ed, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> n\u00e0o trong n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

(Tirthikas: Forders: K\u1ebb l\u00e0m c\u1ea1n gi\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9i qua \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8; tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebb ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> (outsiders) l\u00e0 do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>; g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> 25 chi ph\u00e1i t\u00e1ch ra t\u1eeb h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i<\/span> S\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn<\/span> (Samkhya).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

5. N\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 (th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>) \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n (v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>) t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. V\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> (c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n) m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u0103ng t\u00e0ng – s\u1edf t\u00e0ng (c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng – c\u00e1i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng; container-content) l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 h\u1eefu.<\/span><\/p>\n

6. Khi ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> [creator] l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng? Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tra<\/span> c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

7. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> [= t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7] th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ee9c th\u00ec, l\u00e0 do v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/p>\n

8. T\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng linh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> [efficacious; c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u theo \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>] l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span> k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd s\u1ea3n sinh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt t\u1ee9c th\u00ec. M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> m\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf<\/span> c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng linh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

9. B\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span>; n\u1ebfu t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>, v\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e3i m\u00e3i<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u00e1t na<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n [instantaneous; momentary].<\/span><\/p>\n

10. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (t\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u00e1c, nguy\u1ec7n, n\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, v\u00f4 t\u00e1c<\/span>, v\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>) th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1<\/span> \/ v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> b\u1eb1ng l\u00ed h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u [c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Thanh V\u0103n<\/span>] v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c x\u1ee9, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a: Khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> l\u00ed h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Thanh V\u0103n<\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c x\u1ee9, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y do v\u00ec n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (t\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u00e1c, nguy\u1ec7n) (n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, v\u00f4 t\u00e1c<\/span>, v\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>). H\u00e3y l\u00ed h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, v\u00f4 t\u00e1c<\/span>, v\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p, b\u1ee9c b\u00e1ch<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean<\/span> kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> (poor player).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cT\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf<\/span>: th\u1ee7y ho\u1ea3 phong m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat b\u1ed7ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>; ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span> kia v\u1ed1n l\u00e0m b\u1eadn k\u1ebb tr\u1ea7n duy\u00ean<\/span>, th\u1ee5, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng xem nh\u01b0<\/span> v\u1eady\u201d. (Ph\u1ea1m Th\u00e1i. T\u1edd ph\u1ea3 khuy\u1ebfn l\u00e0m tam quan<\/span> ch\u00f9a Tam thanh<\/span>) \u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

11. Do v\u1eady ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb bi<\/span> gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c Thanh V\u0103n<\/span> v\u1ec1 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>: s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\n

12-13. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1ea3o trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span> du h\u00e0nh<\/span> tr\u00ean hai ch\u00e2n ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n: \u201cS\u1eafc th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m b\u1ecdt s\u00f3ng v\u1ed7, th\u1ecd th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 c\u00e1c b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh<\/span> s\u00f3ng n\u1eafng, h\u00e0nh th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 th\u00e2n c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

14. S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. B\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 phi-v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

15. Trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y, m\u1eaft (c\u0103n), h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc<\/span> (tr\u1ea7n; c\u1ea3nh), v\u00e0 v.v\u2026 (nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c<\/span>, nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c<\/span>, \u2026 ) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi<\/span>. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> kh\u00e1c, khi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3-\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

(c\u0103n + tr\u1ea7n = x\u1ee9;\u00a0 sense-fields; x\u1ee9; nh\u1eadp).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

16. S\u1eafc ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 vi tr\u1ea7n<\/span>, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 quan n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c quan<\/span> (c\u0103n). S\u1eafc th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 n\u0103ng sinh c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c (quan n\u0103ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> sinh ra th\u1ee9c (s\u1edf sinh c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh ra th\u1ee9c (n\u0103ng sinh c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c) \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh ra s\u1eafc.<\/span><\/p>\n

17. C\u00e1c s\u1eafc vi<\/span> tr\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span> ra nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c<\/span>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan<\/span>. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc<\/span> th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi tr\u1ea7n<\/span> (s\u1edf sinh), t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y (s\u1edf sinh) l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

18. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 chia ch\u1ebb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, ngay c\u1ea3 vi tr\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn. C\u00e1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn — l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi tr\u1ea7n<\/span> tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> lu\u1eadn l\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n

[vi tr\u1ea7n<\/span> h\u00e0m \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n chia<\/span>] <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a019. Khi quan s\u00e1t<\/span> m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u01a1n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng th\u1ebf. N\u00f3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> c\u00e1i h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span> [\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>] c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

20. Khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span> ngh\u0129 \u201cm\u1ed9t x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft!\u201d, m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129 \u201cm\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ch\u00f3 hoang ngh\u0129 \u201cM\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span> ngon !\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

21. C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span> n\u00ean h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u do v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m<\/span> trong khi chi\u00eam bao<\/span> [ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1eddi th\u1ed1t ra v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam]? M\u1ed9t khi t\u1ec9nh d\u1eady<\/span> t\u1eeb chi\u00eam bao<\/span> k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span> sau khi xem x\u00e9t<\/span> m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

22. V\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3-\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> (= nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> Duy Th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

23. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i \u1edf trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span>. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc.<\/span><\/p>\n

24. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ecb d\u1ed1i g\u1ea1t nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c huy\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh<\/span> s\u00f3ng n\u1eafng, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e0n th\u00e1t b\u00e0<\/span>, v\u00e0 v.v\u2026 S\u1eafc hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9<\/span> trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

25. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 v.v\u2026 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch an l\u1eadp<\/span> ch\u00fang trong th\u1ee9c thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia h\u1ed9<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf<\/span> ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n

26. Theo Duy th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc<\/span>, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu<\/span> \u0111a th\u00f9 n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1eadp<\/span> ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta<\/span> b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

27. Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c M\u00e2u Ni<\/span> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cTo\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 t\u00e2m\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> nh\u1ed5 \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u01a1 tr\u00ed. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> li\u00ean quan<\/span> t\u1edbi ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

(ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span>, t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, duy\u00ean h\u1ed9i, th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a. T\u0103ng Tri\u1ec7u<\/span> trong T\u00f4ng B\u1ea3n<\/span> Ngh\u0129a, Tri\u1ec7u Lu\u1eadn<\/span>)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

28. Ba t\u00ednh<\/span> — bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p<\/span>, y tha<\/span> kh\u1edfi, v\u00e0 vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh<\/span> th\u1eadt — \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh<\/span>: t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>. Ba t\u00ednh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac suy t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

29. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> hoan h\u1ec9<\/span> trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba<\/span> ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn t\u00ednh v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eadp<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> t\u00e2m l\u00e0 v\u00f4 sinh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

30. C\u00e1c Du gi\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> cho t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u01b0u th\u1eafng. H\u1ecd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecbnh ho\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n y<\/span> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> t\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> (tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

31. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>, trong khi t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. V\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb n\u01a1i n\u00e0y t\u1edbi n\u01a1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

32. A-l\u1ea1i-da th\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y theo th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> n\u00f3 l\u00e0. Trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y — n\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>. Th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t<\/span>; n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00f4 b\u1ea3n<\/span> ch\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

33. Khi m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n<\/span>, s\u1eaft nhanh ch\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng xung quanh<\/span>; m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> t\u00e2m, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> t\u00e2m. Trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf,<\/span><\/p>\n

34. A-l\u1ea1i-da th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u<\/span> n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c. Khi n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c<\/span> n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 tham d\u1ef1<\/span> c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> ba c\u00f5i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

35. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ea3i<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u<\/span> ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m, a-l\u1ea1i-da th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> ch\u1ec9 trong s\u1ef1 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

36. X\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/span> cho bi\u1ebft<\/span> t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u00e0y s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> t\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c!<\/span><\/p>\n

37. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> t\u1ef1 tri c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 th\u00eam ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00f3!\u201d \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

38.\u00a0 \u0110\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> cho m\u00ecnh c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam<\/span> nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f4ng minh<\/span> ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m! \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

39. S\u1edf tri<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> b\u1edfi n\u0103ng tri. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 s\u1edf tri<\/span> th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng tri. Do th\u1ebf t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span> thu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> theo ngh\u0129a n\u00f3i tr\u00ean?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

40. T\u00e2m n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang<\/span> h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i danh. N\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ebft m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i danh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u1ee9c \/ \u00dd th\u1ee9c<\/span> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i danh. C\u00e1i danh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

41. Ch\u01b0 T\u1ed1i Th\u1eafng<\/span> ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd<\/span> t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c<\/span> gi\u1eefa hai c\u00e1i. Do th\u1ebf t\u00e2m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 huy\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

42. T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc<\/span> c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng<\/span>, ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ho\u1eb7c nam, n\u1eef v\u00e0 trung t\u00ednh<\/span> (phi nam phi n\u1eef).<\/span><\/p>\n

43. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span>: ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y. L\u00e0m sao ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, th\u00ec c\u00e1i v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

44. M\u1ed9t \u2018s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\u2019 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. \u1ede n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/p>\n

45. Ch\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1edf tri<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u0103ng tri. \u1ede n\u01a1i m\u00e0 n\u0103ng tri v\u00e0 s\u1edf tri<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> = v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> = ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span> = v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

46. H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span>, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng; ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t \/ sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> (=v\u00f4 sinh). Ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac; ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> \/danh ng\u00f4n. \u201cT\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

47. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt cao q\u00fay v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> an tr\u1ee5 trong tr\u00e1i tim gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

48. Do th\u1ebf c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1edf y<\/span> (basis) c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>; t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 huy\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00f4 tr\u1ee5<\/span>; k\u1ebb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

49. T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00f4 sinh<\/span>, ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu<\/span> (voidness), v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp<\/span> t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean tu t\u1eadp<\/span> c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 s\u1edf tri<\/span> t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

50. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/span> (thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t<\/span> (s\u00e1t na<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n). Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang (thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, s\u00e1t na<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n) tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> (ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>), nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span> nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> (theo ngh\u0129a Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i).<\/span><\/p>\n

51.\u00a0 Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m v\u00f4 s\u1edf<\/span> y \/v\u00f4 s\u1edf tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> r\u1ed7ng th\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u1ec1 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a052. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ebb ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb kinh ho\u1ea3ng<\/span> b\u1edfi ti\u1ebfng s\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u1ed1ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>. \u1ede b\u1ea5t k\u00ec n\u01a1i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p<\/span> (=l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng), t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

53. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai xem th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u00e1t na<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn<\/span> n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>. N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> [= s\u00e1t na<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n] v\u00ec l\u00ed do g\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/p>\n

54. N\u00f3i v\u1eafn t\u1eaft<\/span>: Khi ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn<\/span> t\u00e2m l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, t\u1ea1i sao ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span> thu\u1eadn t\u00e2m<\/span> l\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng th\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> (empty)?<\/span><\/p>\n

(ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> th\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u00e1t na<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n — \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

55. T\u1eeb kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00e2m ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

56. Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span> n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf<\/span> t\u00e2m c\u00f3 s\u1edf y<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang!<\/span><\/p>\n

57. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a l\u1eeda, do th\u1ebf ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

58. Khi b\u1ea1n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, b\u1ea1n ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u00ec b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t<\/span> ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

59. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi hai chi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi v\u00f4 minh<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> v\u1edbi gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t chi\u00eam bao<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

60. B\u00e1nh xe c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai chi l\u0103n d\u1ecdc con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>. H\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u0111ang \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

61. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y. Khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ch\u1eb3ng di chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t.<\/span><\/p>\n

62. C\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, k\u1ebb tr\u00ed ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n r\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> m\u1edbi do b\u1edfi<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng di c\u01b0 trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n

63. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span>: C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>. \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Th\u1eafng<\/span> d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

64. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u00e2m thanh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i tr\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t m\u1ea7m, do th\u1ebf ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t chi\u00eam bao<\/span> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

65. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd<\/span> v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span> r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>.\u00a0 B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> (empty of cause), ch\u00fang ta<\/span> l\u00ed h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 sinh<\/span> \/ v\u00f4 kh\u1edfi. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

66. N\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span> r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eafn t\u1eaft<\/span>, \u2018t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2019 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb<\/span> n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

67. Khi ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>, ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

68. Ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> chi\u1ec3u theo t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>; ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> trong phong c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kia, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

69. Ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> do v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c b\u1edfi t\u00e2m. T\u00e2m th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span>. H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> c\u00e1c t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span>. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

70. M\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> th\u00ec t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng. M\u1ed9t t\u00e2m t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u00ec l\u00ed h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span>. Do b\u1edfi<\/span> l\u00ed h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span> b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

71. Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh<\/span>, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a<\/span>, b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

72. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> b\u1ecb d\u1ed1i g\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady lang thang gi\u1eefa s\u00e1u c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i do t\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh (six destinies), b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m gi\u1eef trong s\u00e1u c\u00f5i.<\/span><\/p>\n

73.\u00a0 Khi c\u00e1c du gi\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> trong phong c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> d\u1ed1c l\u00f2ng t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y cho an l\u1ea1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd ngh\u0129:<\/span><\/p>\n

74. \u201cT\u00f4i n\u00ean bi\u1ebft \u01a1n<\/span> c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span> ban t\u1eb7ng<\/span> c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> cho t\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 c\u00e1c cha m\u1eb9<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

75. \u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111em \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> t\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> s\u00e1u c\u00f5i, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y x\u00e9m b\u1edfi ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>, nay t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span> th\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p l\u00ed\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

76. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea5u l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 v\u1ee5 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

77-78. N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1c<\/span> do tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, ch\u01b0 h\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span>, \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span>, v\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 La (Brahma, Indra, and Rudra) c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 vui, do th\u1ebf c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 k\u00ec l\u1ea1 n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat l\u00f2ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c lo l\u1eafng<\/span> cho c\u00e1c k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 vui c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

79. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m trong c\u00e1c c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>, l\u00e0m c\u00e1c s\u00fac sinh<\/span>, l\u00e0m c\u00e1c ng\u1ea1 q\u1ee7y<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span> cho h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

80. \u0110au kh\u1ed5<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng do \u0111\u00f3i, kh\u00e1t, gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i l\u1eabn nhau, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1<\/span> tra t\u1ea5n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span> cho h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

81. H\u00e3y nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/span> r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a hai lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> (maturation; t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span> tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>): qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u1ec7 x\u1ea5u.<\/span><\/p>\n

82. H\u00e3y tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. S\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1m<\/span> l\u00e0m ng\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> th\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh h\u1eb3n, nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/span><\/p>\n

83. D\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0 Thanh V\u0103n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> s\u01a1 y\u1ebfu do nh\u1edd l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1m<\/span> l\u00e0m ng\u01a1, \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1eb3ng Ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1c<\/span> th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb3ng b\u1ecf r\u01a1i<\/span> c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

84. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu<\/span> k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> khi th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c<\/span> hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft<\/span> trong s\u1ef1 \u00edch k\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho tr\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na?<\/span><\/p>\n

85. C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt [= ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>] \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> th\u1ee7y chung<\/span> (steadfast compassion) l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u1edbn l\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

86. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd do tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec h\u1ecd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c g\u00e2y ra s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c h\u1ecd bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf<\/span> ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span> c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>; h\u1ecd \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span> V\u00f4 gi\u00e1n!<\/span><\/p>\n

87. H\u1ecd th\u00ec tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/span>, h\u1ecd th\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9; h\u1ecd l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o<\/span> phi th\u01b0\u1eddng! Ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean<\/span> h\u01a1n l\u00e0 khi th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb hi sinh<\/span> c\u1ea3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u sang<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd!<\/span><\/p>\n

88. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u00ed h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh t\u00edn<\/span> v\u00e0o lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/span> tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/span>, l\u00e0m ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean<\/span> tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean!<\/span><\/p>\n

89. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb mong \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, nh\u1eadn t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> trong b\u00f9n l\u1ea7y<\/span> c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u01a1 nhu\u1ed1m b\u1edfi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>, h\u1ecd th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 \u0111\u00f3a sen c\u00f3 r\u1ec5 trong b\u00f9n l\u1ea7y<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

90. C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> [= B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>] c\u00f3 ng\u00e0i Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n<\/span> l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng: tuy \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> b\u1eb1ng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda tu\u1ec7 tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, c\u00e1c gi\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> v\u1eabn lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u<\/span> trong h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n

[Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> n\u1eefa, l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng vui c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu<\/span>, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> n\u1eefa] <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

91-92. Ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y do n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span>, th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n<\/span> s\u1ef1 \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng<\/span> t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e2u Xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea3n sinh, s\u1ed1ng vui, xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>, tu t\u1eadp<\/span> kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1c<\/span>, chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Ma qu\u00e2n<\/span>, chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n<\/span>, t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn<\/span> th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span>, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

93. Ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1<\/span> th\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span>, \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch<\/span>, Vi-n\u1eefu (Visnu), v\u00e0 Th\u1ee7-La (Rudra), hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y<\/span> qua \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o<\/span> ho\u00e1 cho c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> c\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn.<\/span><\/p>\n

94. Hai lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed<\/span> tu\u1ec7 [cho Thanh V\u0103n<\/span>, \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c<\/span>] xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i<\/span> v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i<\/span> cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb vi\u1ec5n h\u00e0nh trong s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n<\/span> d\u1ecdc theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

95. Khi n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c Thanh V\u0103n<\/span> v\u1eabn \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> sinh m\u1ec7nh<\/span> tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, t\u00ea m\u00ea b\u1edfi tam-ma-\u0111\u1ecba.<\/span><\/p>\n

96. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c, h\u1ecd d\u1ed1c l\u00f2ng t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> kho b\u00e1u v\u1ec1 ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

97. C\u00e1c t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span> trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c<\/span> cu\u1ea3 hai t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> ph\u00fac tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span> cho gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>. C\u00e1c t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span> trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span> s\u1ea3n sinh m\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

98. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 th\u1ee7 h\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> (= ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt; th\u1ee7 h\u1ed9<\/span>: gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span> che ch\u1edf<\/span>) \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt s\u1eed<\/span> d\u1ee5ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span> c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span>, ch\u00fang mang nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

99.\u00a0 C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t do ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u1ea1n h\u1ea1nh<\/span>; nhi\u1ec1u khi ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3 hai. Tuy ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

100. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng tr\u00ec<\/span>, c\u00e1c tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>, c\u00e1c ba-la-m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed<\/span> [ch\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>] x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

101. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb trong phong c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> xuy\u00ean qua<\/span> th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef, v\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span> c\u00e1c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1ec1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n

102. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng h\u00e0o hi\u1ec7p<\/span> (= ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>) ch\u1eb3ng tr\u1ee5 trong ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> ho\u1eb7c lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>. Do th\u1ebf ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

103. Ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span> th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

104. H\u00e3y cung k\u00ednh<\/span> ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> n\u00e0y v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n! Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi danh d\u1ef1<\/span> trong ba c\u00f5i<\/span>, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n<\/span> ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

105. Trong \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span>. Do th\u1ebf h\u00e3y ph\u00e1t b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n<\/span> v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

106. Trong hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> n\u00e0y, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt cho t\u1edbi nay ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

107. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 t\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9a trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

108. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na<\/span>, ngay c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 T\u1ed1i Th\u1eafng<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfm kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

109. M\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o<\/span> duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m qu\u00fd b\u00e1u<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>. C\u00e1c k\u1ebb c\u1eafp thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ho\u1eb7c<\/span> Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9m ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

110. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span> tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> ph\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span> quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

111. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> b\u00ean tr\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean<\/span> theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>. Chi\u1ec3u theo nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd l\u00ed h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

112. B\u1eb1ng ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> m\u00e0 t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n nay do ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u1ed1i Th\u1eafng<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o<\/span> ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span>, nguy\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n<\/span> trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t<\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> b\u1edfi v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi hai ch\u00e2n ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

________________________________________________<\/span><\/p>\n

Nagarjuna. Bodhicittavivarana. Exposition of Bodhicitta. <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Translated by Chr. Lindtner <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

It has been stated:\u201d Due to the sameness [or] selflessness of phenomena, one\u2019s own mind — devoid of all entities, exempt from the skandhas, element, sense-fields, and subject and object — is originally unborn; in essence empty.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Just as the Buddhas, our Lords, and the great Bodhisattvas have produced the thought of Great Enlightenment (mahabodhicitta), thus I shall also , from now until [I dwell] in the heart of enlightenment, produce the thought of Great Enlightenment in order to save living beings unsaved, liberate those not liberated, console those not consoled, and lead to nirvana those who have not arrived at nirvana.<\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Bowing to the glorious Vajrasattvas embodying the mind of enlightenment, I shall expound the development of the bodhicitta that abolishes [the three kind of] existence [in samsara].<\/span><\/p>\n

2. The Buddhas maintain that bodhicitta is not enveloped in notions conscious of self, skandhas, and so forth; [but] is always marked by being empty [of any such notions].<\/span><\/p>\n

3. [Those] with minds [only] tinged by compassion must develop [bodhicitta] with particular effort. This bodhicitta is constantly developed by the compassionate Buddhas. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

4. When the self imagined by the tirthikas is analyzed logically, it obtain no place within the [five] skandhas.<\/span><\/p>\n

5. If it were [identical with] the skandhas [the self] would not be permanent, but the self has no such nature. And between things permanent and impermanent a container -content relationship is not [possible].<\/span><\/p>\n

6. When there is no so-called self how can the so-called creator be permanent? [Only] if there were a subject might one begin investigating its attributes in the world.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

7. Since a permanent [creator] cannot create things, whether gradually or all at once, there are no permanent things, whether external or internal.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

8. Why [would] an efficacious [creator] be dependent? He would of course produce things all at once. A [creator] who depends on something else is neither eternal nor efficacious.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

9. If [he] were an entity he [would] not be permanent, for things are perpetually instantaneous (since [you] do not deny that impermanent things have a creator).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

10. This [empirical] world, free from a self and the rest, is vanquished by the [Sravakas] understanding of the skandhas, element, sense-fields, and subject and object.<\/span><\/p>\n

11. Thus the benevolent [Buddhas] have spoken to the Sravakas of the five skandhas: form, feeling, apprehension, karma-formations and consciousness.<\/span><\/p>\n

12 -13.\u00a0 But to the Bodhisattvas [the Buddha], the best among those who walk on two legs, has always taught this doctrine about skandhas: \u201cForm is like a mass of foam, feeling is like bubbles, apprehension is like a mirage, karma-formations are like the plantain, and consciousness is like an illusion.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

14. The form skandha is declared to have the four great elements as its nature. The remaining [for skandhas] are inseparably established as immaterial.<\/span><\/p>\n

15. Among these eye, form, and so forth are classified as [the eighteen] elements. Again, as subject-object these are to be known as [the twelve] sense-fields.<\/span><\/p>\n

16. Form is not the atom, nor is it the [organ] of sense. It is absolutely not the active sense [of consciousness]. [Thus] an instigator and a creator are not suited to producing [form].<\/span><\/p>\n

17. The form atom does not produce sense consciousness, [because] it passes beyond the senses. If [empirical forms are supposed to] be created by an assemblage [of atoms], this accumulation is unacceptable.<\/span><\/p>\n

18. If you analyze by spatial division, even the atom is seen to possess parts. That which is analyzed into parts — how can it logically be an atom?<\/span><\/p>\n

19. Concerning one single external object divergent judgments may prevail. Precisely that form which is pleasant [to one person] may appear differently to others.<\/span><\/p>\n

20. Regarding the same female body, an ascetic, a lover and a wild dog\u00a0 entertain three differently notions: \u201cA corpse !\u201d \u201cA mistress !\u201d\u00a0 \u201cA tasty morsel !\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

21. Things are efficacious due to being like objects. Is it not like an offence while dreaming [i.e., nocturnal emission]? Once awakened from the dream the net result is the same.<\/span><\/p>\n

22. As to the appearance of consciousness under the form of subject and object, [one must realize] that there exists no external object apart from consciousness.<\/span><\/p>\n

23. In no way at all is there an external thing in the mode of an entity. This particular appearance of consciousness appears under the aspect of form.<\/span><\/p>\n

24. The deluded see illusion, mirages, cities of gandharvas, and so forth. Form manifests in the same way.<\/span><\/p>\n

25. The purpose of the [Buddha\u2019s] teachings about skandhas, elements, and so forth is [merely] to dispel the belief in a self. By establishing [themselves] in pure consciousness the greatly blessed [Bodhisattvas] abandon that as well.<\/span><\/p>\n

26. According to Vijnanavada, this manifold [world] is established to be mere consciousness. What the nature of this consciousness might be we shall analyze now.<\/span><\/p>\n

27. The Muni\u2019s teaching that \u201cThe entire [world] is mere mind\u201d is intended to remove the fears of the simple-mind. It is not a [teaching] concerning reality.<\/span><\/p>\n

28. [The three natures] — the imagined, the dependent, and the absolute — have only one nature of their own: sunyata. They are the imagination of mind.<\/span><\/p>\n

29. To [Bodhisattvas] who rejoice in the Mahayana the Buddha presents in brief the selflessness and equality of [all] phenomena [and the teaching] that mind is originally unborn.<\/span><\/p>\n

30. The Yogacarins give predominance to mind in itself. [They] claim that mind purified by a transformation in position [becomes] the object of its own specific [knowledge].<\/span><\/p>\n

31. [But mind] that is past does not exist, [while] that which is future is nowhere discovered. [And] how can the present [mind] shift from place [to] place?<\/span><\/p>\n

32.\u00a0 [The alayavijnana] does not appear the way it is. As it appears\u00a0 — it is not like that. Consciousness\u00a0 essentially lacks substance; it has no other basis [than insubstantially].<\/span><\/p>\n

33. When a lodestone is brought near, iron turns swiftly around; [though] it possesses no mind, [it] appears to possess mind. In the same way,<\/span><\/p>\n

34. The alayavijnana appears to be real though it is not. When it moves to and fro it [seems to] retain the [three] existence.<\/span><\/p>\n

35. Just as the ocean and trees move though they have no mind, the alayavijnana is active [only] in dependence on a body.<\/span><\/p>\n

36. Considering that without a body there is no consciousness, you must also state what kind of specific knowledge of itself this [consciousness] possesses!<\/span><\/p>\n

37. By saying that a specific knowledge of itself [exists] one says it is an entity. But one also says that it is not possible to say, \u201cThis is it !\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

38. To convince themselves as well as others, those who are intelligent [should] always proceed without error.<\/span><\/p>\n

39. The knowable is known by a knower. Without the knowable no knowing [is possible]. So why not accept that subject and object do not exist [as such]?<\/span><\/p>\n

40. Mind is but a name. It is nothing apart from [its] name. Consciousness must be regarded\u00a0 as but a name.The name too has no own-being.<\/span><\/p>\n

41. The Jinas have never found mind to exist, either internally, externally, or else between the two. Therefore mind has an illusory nature.<\/span><\/p>\n

42. Mind has no fixed forms such as various colors and shapes, subject and object, or male, female, and neuter.<\/span><\/p>\n

43. In brief: Buddhas do not see [what cannot] be seen. How could they see what has lack of own-being as its own-being ?<\/span><\/p>\n

44. A \u2018thing\u2019 is a construct. Sunyata is absence of constructs. Where constructs have appeared, how can there be sunyata ?<\/span><\/p>\n

45. The Tathagatas do not regard mind under the form of knowable and knower. Where knower and knowable prevail there is no enlightenment.<\/span><\/p>\n

46. Space, bodhicitta, and enlightenment are without marks; without generation. They have no structure; they are beyond the path of words. Their \u2018mark\u2019 is non-duality.<\/span><\/p>\n

47.<\/i> The magnanimous Buddhas who reside in the heart of enlightenment and all the compassionate [Bodhisattvas] always know sunyata to be like space.<\/span><\/p>\n

48. Therefore [Bodhisattvas] perpetually develop this sunyata, which is the basis of all phenomena; calm, illusory, baseless; the destroyer of existence.<\/span><\/p>\n

49. Sunyata expresses non-origination, voidness, and lack of self. Those who practice it should not practice what is cultivated by the inferior.<\/span><\/p>\n

50. Notions about positive and negative have the mark of disintegration. The Buddhas have spoken [of them in terms of] sunyata, [but] the others do not accept sunyata.<\/span><\/p>\n

51. The abode of mind that has no support has their mark of [empty] space. These [Bodhisattvas] maintain that development of sunyata is development of space.<\/span><\/p>\n

52. All the dogmatists have been terrified by the lion\u2019s roar of sunyata. Wherever they reside, sunyata lies in wait!<\/span><\/p>\n

53.\u00a0 Whoever regards consciousness as momentary cannot accept it as permanent.\u00a0 If mind is impermanent, how does this contradict sunyata?<\/span><\/p>\n

54. In brief: When the Buddhas accept mind as impermanent, why should they not accept mind as empty?<\/span><\/p>\n

55. From the very beginning, mind has no own-being. If things could be proved through own-being, [we would] not declare them to be without substance.<\/span><\/p>\n

56. This statement results in abandoning mind as having substantial foundation. It is not the nature of things to transcend [their] own own-being!<\/span><\/p>\n

57. As sweetness is the nature of sugar and hotness that of fire, so [we] maintain the nature of all things to be sunyata.<\/span><\/p>\n

58. When one declares sunyata to be the nature [of all phenomena] one in no sense asserts that anything is destroyed or that something is eternal.<\/span><\/p>\n

59. The activity of dependent co-origination with its twelve spokes starting with ignorance and anding with decay [we] maintain to be like a dream and an illusion.<\/span><\/p>\n

60. This wheel with twelve spokes rolls along the road of life. Apart from this, no sentient being that partakes of the fruit of its deeds can be found.<\/span><\/p>\n

61. Depending on a mirror the outline of a face appears. It has not moved into it but also does not exist without it.<\/span><\/p>\n

62. Just so, the wise must always be convinced that the skandhas appear in a new existence [due to] recomposition, but do not migrate [as identical or different].<\/span><\/p>\n

63. To sum up: Empty things are born from empty things. The Jina has taught that agent and deed, result and enjoyer are [all only] conventional.<\/span><\/p>\n

64. Just as the totality [of their causes and conditions] create the sound of a drum or a sprout, [so we] maintain that external dependent co-origination is like a dream and an illusion.<\/span><\/p>\n

65.\u00a0 It is not at all inconsistent that phenomena are born from causes. Since a cause is empty of cause, [we] understand it to be unoriginated.<\/span><\/p>\n

66. That phenomena [are said] not to arise indicates that they are empty. Briefly, \u2018all phenomena\u2019 denotes five skandhas.<\/span><\/p>\n

67.\u00a0 When truth is [accepted] as has been explained, convention is not disrupted. The true is not an object separate from the conventional.<\/span><\/p>\n

68. Convention is explained as sunyata; convention is simply sunyata. For [these two] do not occur without one another, just as created and impermanent [invariably concur].<\/span><\/p>\n

69. Convention is born from karma [due to various] klesas, and karma is created by mind. Mind is accumulated by the vasanas. Happiness consists in being free from the vasanas.<\/span><\/p>\n

70. A happy mind is transquil. A tranquil mind is not confused. To be unperplexed is to understand the truth. By understanding\u00a0 truth one obtain liberation.<\/span><\/p>\n

71. It is also defined as reality, real limit, signless, ultimate meaning, the highest bodhicitta, and sunyata.<\/span><\/p>\n

72. Those who do not know sunyata will have no share in liberation. Such deluded beings wander [among] the six destinies, imprisoned within existence.<\/span><\/p>\n

73.\u00a0 When ascetics (yogacarins) have thus developedthis sunyata, their minds will without doubt become devoted to the welfare of the others, [as they think]:<\/span><\/p>\n

74. \u201cI should be grateful to those beings who in the past bestowed benefits upon me by my parents or friends.<\/span><\/p>\n

75. \u201cAs I have brought suffering to beings living in the prison of existence, who are scorched by the fire of the klesas, it is fitting that I [now] afford them happiness\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

76. The sweet and bitter fruit [that beings in] the world [obtain] in the form of a good or bad rebirth is the outcome of whether they hurt or benefit living beings.<\/span><\/p>\n

77-78.\u00a0 If Buddhas attain the unsurpassed stage by [giving] living beings support, what is so strange if [those] not guided by the slightest concern for the others receive none of the pleasures of gods and men that support the guardians of the world, Brahma, Indra, and Rudra ?<\/span><\/p>\n

79. The different kinds of suffering that beings experience in the hell realms, as beasts, and as ghosts result from causing beings pain.<\/span><\/p>\n

80. The inevitable and unceasing suffering of hunger, thirst, mutual slaughter, and torments result from causing beings pain.<\/span><\/p>\n

81. Know that beings are subject to two kinds of maturation: [that of] Buddhas and Bodhisattvas and that of good and bad rebirth.<\/span><\/p>\n

82. Support [living beings] with your whole nature and protect them like your own body. Indifference toward beings must be avoided like poison !<\/span><\/p>\n

83. Though the Sravakas obtain a lesser enlightenment thanks to indifference, the bodhi of the Perfect Buddhas is obtained by not abandoning living beings.<\/span><\/p>\n

84. How can those who consider how the fruit of helpful and harmful deeds ripens persist in their selfishness for a single moment?<\/span><\/p>\n

85. The sons of the Buddhas are active in developing enlightenment, which has steadfast compassion as its root, grows from the sprout of bodhicitta, and has the benefit of others as its sole fruit.<\/span><\/p>\n

86.\u00a0 Those who are strengthened by meditational development find the suffering of other frightening. [In order to support others] they forsake even the pleasures of dhyana, they even enter the Avici hell!<\/span><\/p>\n

87. They are wonderful; they are admirable; they are most extraordinarily excellent! Nothing is more amazing than those who sacrifice their person and riches!<\/span><\/p>\n

88. Those who understand the sunyata of phenomena [but also] believe in [the law of] karma and its result are more wonderful than wonderful, more astonishing than astonishing!<\/span><\/p>\n

89.\u00a0 Wishing to protect living beings, they take rebirth in the mud of existence. Unsullied by its events, they are like a lotus [rooted] in the mire.<\/span><\/p>\n

90. Though sons of the Buddha such as Samantabhadra have consumed the fuel of the klesas through the cognitive ofire of sunyata, the water of compassion still flow within them.<\/span><\/p>\n

91-92. Having come under the guiding power of compassion they display the descent [from Tusita], birth, merriments, renunciation, ascetic practices, great enlightenment, victory over the hosts of Mara, turning of the Dharmacakra, the request of all the gods, and [the entry into] nirvana.<\/span><\/p>\n

93.\u00a0 Having emanated such forms as Brahma, Indra, Visnu, and Rudra, they present through their compassionate natures a performance suitable to being in need of guidance.<\/span><\/p>\n

94.\u00a0 Two [kinds] of knowledge arise [from] the Mahayana to give comfort and ease to those who journey in sorrow along life\u2019s path — so it is said.But [this] is not the ultimate meaning.<\/span><\/p>\n

95. As long as they have not been admonished by the Buddhas, Sravakas [who are] in a bodily state of cognition remain in a swoon, intoxicated by Samadhi.<\/span><\/p>\n

96. But once admonished, they devote themselves to living beings in varied ways. Accumulating stores of merit and knowledge, they obtain the enlightenment of Buddhas.<\/span><\/p>\n

97.\u00a0 As the potentiality of both [accumulations], the vasanas are said to be the seed [of enlightenment]. That seed, [which is] the accumulation of things, produces the sprout of life.<\/span><\/p>\n

98.\u00a0 The teachings of the protectors of the world accord with the [varying] resolve of living beings. The Buddhas employ a wealth of skilful means, which take many worldy forms.<\/span><\/p>\n

99.\u00a0 [Teachings may differ] in being either profound or vast; at times they are both. Though they sometimes may differ, they are invariably characterized by sunyata and non-duality.<\/span><\/p>\n

100. Whatever the dharanis, stages, and paramitas of the Buddhas, the omniscient [Tathagataa] have stated that they form a part of bodhicitta.<\/span><\/p>\n

101. Those who thus alwaysbenefit living beings through body, words, and mind advocate the claims of sunyata, not the contentions of annihilation.<\/span><\/p>\n

102. The magnanimous [Bodhisattvas] do not abide in nirvana or samsara. Therefore the Buddhas have spoken of this as \u201cthe non-abiding nirvana\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

103. The uniqueelixir of compassion functions as merit, [but] the elixir of sunyata functions as the highest. Those who drink it for the sake of themselves and others are sons of the Buddhas.<\/span><\/p>\n

104. Salute these Bodhisattvas with your entire beings! Always worthy of honor in the three worlds, guides of the world, they strive to represent the lineage of the Buddhas.<\/span><\/p>\n

105.\u00a0 [In] Mahayana this bodhicitta is said to be the very best. So produce bodhicitta through firm and balanced efforts.<\/span><\/p>\n

106. [In this] existence there is no other means for the realization\u00a0 of one\u2019s own \u00a0and others\u2019 benefit. The Buddhas have until now seen no means apart bodhicitta.<\/span><\/p>\n

107. Simply by generating bodhicitta a mass of merit is collected. If it took form, it would more than fill the expanse of space.<\/span><\/p>\n

108. If a person developed bodhicitta only for a moment, not even\u00a0 the Jinas could calculate the mass of his merit!<\/span><\/p>\n

109. The one finest jewel is a precious mind free of klesas. Robbers like the klesas or Mara cannot steal or damage it.<\/span><\/p>\n

110. Just as the high aspirations of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas in samsara are unswerving, those who set their course on bodhicitta must make [firm their] resolve.<\/span><\/p>\n

111. No matter how amazing [all this seems], you must make efforts as explained. Thereafter you yourself will understand the course of Samamtabhadra.<\/span><\/p>\n

112. Through the incomparable merit I have now collected by praising the excellent bodhicitta praised by the excellent Jinas, may living beings submerged in the waves of life\u2019s ocean gain a foothold on the path followed by the leader of those who walk on two legs.<\/span><\/p>\n

(Samsara: life: lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

_____________________________________________________<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Anh<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

1. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> (Studies)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Bodhicittavivarana. Hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y<\/span> b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea3n v\u0103n b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu quan t\u00e2m<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> 112 k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> (anustubh) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t khai t\u1eeb ng\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n xu\u00f4i<\/span>. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> m\u1eadt t\u00f4ng<\/span> (tantric work) khi x\u1ebfp nh\u00f3m, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn s\u01a1 qua n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u00ec th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y<\/span> b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> th\u00ec ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt H\u1ed9<\/span> (Buddhapalita) ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng<\/span> (Candrakirti) n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn hay tr\u00edch d\u1eabn. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> kh\u00e1c n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> (basic authorities) do v\u00ec ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n<\/span> (Bhavya; Bhavaviveka) \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3 trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u201cNg\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n q\u00fay b\u00e1u cho Trung \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d (Ratnapradipa; Madhyamakaratnapradipa; Precious Lamp for the Middle Way). N\u00f3 ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, \u201cTrung qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m<\/span> quang minh<\/span> bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn\u201d (Tarkajvala; Madhyamakahrdayavrttitarkajvala; Blaze of Reasoning, Commentary on the \u201cHeart of the Middle Way\u201d), \u201cB\u00e1t nh\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng lu\u1eadn th\u00edch\u201d (Prajnapradipa; Prajnapradipamulamadhyamakavrtti; Lamp for (Nagarjuna\u2019s) Wisdom, Commentary on the Treatise on the Middle Way\u201d), v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba ch\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00e2n lu\u1eadn<\/span> (Talaratna; Mahayanatalaratnasastra). Trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/span> kh\u00e1c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y<\/span> b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u00f3 ng\u00e0i V\u00f4 T\u1ef1 T\u00ednh<\/span> (Asvabhava) v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i T\u1ecbch H\u1ed9<\/span> (Santaraksita).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00f4i c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u ghi ch\u00fa tr\u00edch d\u1eabn b\u1edfi c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0<\/span> kh\u00e1c; may m\u1eafn<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00e0i tr\u00edch d\u1eabn n\u00e0y trong Sanskrit (Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span>). \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> chung c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 S\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean lu\u1eadn (Yuktisatika; Sixty Verses of Arguments), B\u1ed1n b\u1ea3n ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> (Catuhstava), v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y<\/span> B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> (Bodhivivarana) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> h\u1eadu k\u00ec (later Indian literature).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u0103n th\u1ee9c (Style) c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y<\/span> b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 v\u0103n th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u201cS\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn\u201d, \u201cV\u00f2ng b\u1ea3o ch\u00e2u\u201d (Ratnavali), v\u00e0 \u201cB\u1ed1n b\u1ea3n Ca t\u1ee5ng\u201d (Catuhstava) [\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> (Lokatitastava); Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb<\/span> [\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>] (Acintyastava); Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> (Paramarthastava); v\u00e0 Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ea5ng V\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> (Niraupamyastava)].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/span> nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 duy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng<\/span>; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> duy t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh ch\u1ee9ng trong kinh Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span> (Lankavatarasutra). (*). \u0110\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u1ea5t k\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn<\/span> n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> (svabhava), b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd mong \u0111\u1ee3i<\/span> ng\u00e0i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh<\/span> nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd s\u1ebd bi\u1ec7n minh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0ng trong b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y, cho t\u1edbi nay, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> ph\u1ee5 b\u1ed5 (happens incidentally). Hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y<\/span> b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu (a missing link).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 Hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y<\/span> b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span> do ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> th\u00ec gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (simple and comprehensive): b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span>. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a nguy\u1ec7n (prarthana) cho b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> (unlimited cognition of sunyata, or bodhi). [\u0110\u1ecdc k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> 71 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y: ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span> = th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span> = v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> = b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> h\u1ea1nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> = t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>; tathata = bhutakoti = animita = paramartha paramabodhicitta = sunyata].\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y<\/span> b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cung c\u1ea5p<\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span> m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u1eadp y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba<\/span> gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>, c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam<\/span> t\u0103ng s\u0129. Th\u1eadt ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i chi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/span> danh ti\u1ebfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a V\u00f2ng b\u1ea3o ch\u00e2u<\/span> (Ratnavali IV, 96): \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> l\u00e0 thai t\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi<\/span> b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> (sunyatakarunagarbham ekasam bodhisadhanam).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n Sanskrit, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai b\u1ea3n T\u1ea1ng ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y<\/span> b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> l\u00e0\u00a0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n cho ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>. [D\u1ecbch t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span> m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd<\/span>: c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y t\u00f4i (gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Lindtner) ghi d\u1ea5u A, B, C, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> c\u00e1c d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00f4i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 m\u1ed7i k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea2N T\u00d3M T\u1eaeT<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

*Khai t\u1eeb <\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span>. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khao kh\u00e1t b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>. <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

*N\u1ed9i dung<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> (1-3) <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 (atman), m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> (permanent soul) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> (creator) do c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> (tirthikas) ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. (4-9)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c s\u1ef1<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, do c\u00e1c Thanh V\u0103n<\/span> ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng (10-25)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c c\u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Duy th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc<\/span>: ba t\u00ednh<\/span> (trisvabhava), t\u1ef1 tri (svasamvedana; self-knower), chuy\u1ec3n y<\/span> (asrayaparivrtti), v\u00e0 a-l\u1ea1i-da th\u1ee9c<\/span> (alayavijnana). Trong ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh<\/span> (reality), th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span>, s\u00e1t na<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n (momentary), h\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n (illusory), v\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng th\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> (empty). \u00a0(26-56).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> (pratityasamutpanna), ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> (sunya). \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00ed<\/span> h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1c tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p do b\u1edfi<\/span> c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>. \u00a0(57-72)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i), \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> h\u1eefu \u00edch kh\u1ea3 h\u1eefu (= upayakausalya; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span>) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span> lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>. \u00a0(73-104)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

*K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn <\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u00e1t b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span>. \u00a0(105-111)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t quy k\u1ebft h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> v\u1ec1 ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>. \u00a0(112) \u00a0\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

————————————————-<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

2. C\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa \u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Anh<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 1. \u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> XXVI, 8<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 3. T\u00e1m c\u1ea3nh duy\u00ean<\/span> (arthakara) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 4-5. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tri nh\u1eadn t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 (c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t (eka) hay nhi\u1ec1u (anya). Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> XVIII. Qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 6. M\u1ed9t t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 \/t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (karaka) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> (nitya) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 h\u1eefu, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 (\u0111\u1ecdc b\u00ean tr\u00ean) nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec trong vai tr\u00f2<\/span> m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 (dharmin) c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<\/span> t\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> (dharmas) t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> (t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>). \u0110\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng<\/span> 7-9. \u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 T\u01b0 Ngh\u1ecb<\/span>, 34 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy ch\u1ec9 trong ghi ch\u00fa.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 7-8. M\u1ed9t t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi<\/span> (a creation all at once) l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m; m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c theo th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc (gradual creation) l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span> to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng<\/span> (omnipotence; sakti\/samarthya) c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 \/t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Ph\u00e1p X\u1ee9ng<\/span>. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00edch lu\u1eadn<\/span> I, 9 ff (Dharmakirti. Pramanavarttika). \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span> s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span> danh ti\u1ebfng<\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 9. M\u1ed9t t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7\/t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u1edf trong \u2018t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\u2019 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> (anitya).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 10. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quy ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c Thanh V\u0103n<\/span> (BS 25-26, v.v\u2026)<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 11. C\u00e1c Thanh V\u0103n<\/span> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 Agama (A-h\u00e0m) c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (Samyutta III, p. 142; Sanskrit version in Prasannapada, p. 41\u00a0 — Minh c\u00fa lu\u1eadn<\/span>) ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span> r\u1eb1ng ngay \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span> Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> (dharmanairatmya) (\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, T\u1ee5ng 3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy chi\u1ebfu trong ch\u00fa th\u00edch). \u0110\u1ecdc cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/span> v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba<\/span> trong Ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn quy k\u1ebft: S\u01b0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ecd<\/span>,\u00a0 do Lindtner vi\u1ebft trong s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 14. C\u00e1c t\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> (14-24) t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span> b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc (rupa) (h\u00e0m \u00fd upadayarupa: s\u1edf tri<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc)<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 15. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> III-V<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 16.\u00a0 M\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c v\u1ec1 vi t\u1ebf<\/span> \/ vi tr\u1ea7n<\/span> (anu\/ paramanu).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 19. M\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c v\u1ec1 th\u00f4 s\u1eafc (sthularupa; gross form). T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3, B\u1ed1n tr\u0103m t\u1ee5ng VIII, 2.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 21. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span> ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \/r\u1ed7ng th\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>. \u0110\u1ecdc H\u1ed3i tr\u00e1nh lu\u1eadn<\/span> XXII.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 22. T\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi<\/span> (bahyartha). So s\u00e1nh<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba nh\u1ecb th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng<\/span> 19 (Mahayanavimsika). C\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span> X, 154-155. Nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> (ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span>) c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span> hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/span> r\u1eb1ng duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span> n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> b\u1ea5t li\u1ec5u<\/span> ngh\u0129a (neyartha; \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch<\/span>), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nairatmyavataratah (c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh v\u00f4 ng\u00e3?).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 24. H\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span> trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span> cho c\u00e1c Thanh V\u0103n<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 C\u00e0n-th\u00e1t-b\u00e0. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> v\u1edbi Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 T\u01b0 Ngh\u1ecb<\/span> [\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>], t\u1ee5ng 5, V\u00f2ng b\u1ea3o ch\u00e2u<\/span> (Ratnavali II, 12-13) (cittamohana).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 26. C\u00e1c t\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> (26-45) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch<\/span> Duy Th\u1ee9c<\/span> tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span>, l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh (nitartha; definitive; li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a<\/span>). [\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0 Duy Th\u1ee9c<\/span> trong L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span> (neyartha)].<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 27. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Siksasamuccaya, p. 263: Prsannapada, p. 264, n. 2<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 28. l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span> II, 198<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 29. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u00e0m \u00fd t\u1edbi k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> tr\u00edch d\u1eabn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Guhyasamaja; tuy th\u1ebf<\/span>, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba! V\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ec9 d\u1ee5, Prasannapada, p. 374.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 30. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n y<\/span> (asrayaparavrtti) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y trong Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 31. Trong phong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c ekapraharena.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 33. V\u1ec1 so s\u00e1nh<\/span> n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span> X, 14.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 35. v\u1ec1 so s\u00e1nh<\/span> n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span> X, 57-59.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 37. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Trung lu\u1eadn<\/span> XXII, 11.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 38. h\u1ed3i nh\u1edb Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa<\/span> XII, 2\u00a0 (Dhammapada).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 39. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 T\u01b0 Ngh\u1ecb<\/span> [\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>] k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> 50.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 40. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, T\u1ee5ng 7; Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 T\u01b0 Ngh\u1ecb<\/span> [\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>], k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> 35, c\u1ed9ng tham kh\u1ea3o<\/span> ghi ch\u00fa.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 41. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> B\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> 51 (Sunyatasaptati).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 42. t\u00e2m (= m\u1ea1t na<\/span> = th\u1ee9c ) l\u00e0 citta (= manas = vijnana) is – samvrtitah– arupin. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc (rupa).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 43. V\u1ec1 ph\u1eadt nh\u00e3n<\/span> (buddhacaksus) \u0111\u1ecdc Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c V\u00f4 \u0110\u1eb3ng<\/span> (Niraupamyastava).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 44. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> t\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> V, 7; XV, 4 (sunyata = nihsvabhavata = tattva = nirvikalpa, etc.; t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> = v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> = ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span> = v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>,v.v\u2026).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 45. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> v\u1edbi Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 So S\u00e1nh<\/span>, T\u1ee5ng 2<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 46. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> T\u1ee5ng 1.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 48. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0, t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/span> c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y (drstis) ch\u00fang l\u00e0m sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>, nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh<\/span> h\u1eefu (punarbhava). \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> XVIII, 5; S\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span>, 46-48; Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, 23.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 49. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> thi\u1ec3n tr\u00ed<\/span> (alpa-buddhi) (Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> V, 8), k\u00e9m tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh<\/span> (mandamedhas) (Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> , XXIV, 11); b\u1ea5t tr\u00ed (avipacit) (Ratnavali, II, 19); S\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span>, 50, 54.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 50.\u00a0 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> (vikalpas) \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u00e1t na<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n (ksanika); \u00fd n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng (sunya) \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> t\u1ee5ng 53. \u0110\u00e2y d\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> (samvrtitah); \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> V\u00f2ng b\u1ea3o ch\u00e2u<\/span> (Ratnavali I, 66-70).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 52. V\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> s\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u1ed1ng<\/span> (sunyatasimhanada), \u0111\u1ecdc Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, T\u1ee5ng 22; T\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> cho B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> (Bodhisambharaka, 101 v\u1edbi ghi ch\u00fa \u0111i c\u00f9ng)<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 56. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y (axiom) \u0111\u1ecdc Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> XV, 7-8.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 58. Trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> (madhyama pratipad) xa c\u00e1ch<\/span> c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> \u0111o\u1ea1n (uccheda) v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng (sasvata). Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> XV, 10; XVII, 21; Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 T\u01b0 Ngh\u1ecb<\/span> (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>) 49.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 65. Trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> (samsaramandala), b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e2n (hetu) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> (hetusvabhavasunya). \u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> V\u00f2ng b\u1ea3o ch\u00e2u<\/span> (Ratnavali I, 36, 37).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 66. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Ratnavali IV, 86; c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdc S\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span>, T\u1ee5ng 30.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 67. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> XXIV, 8-10.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 68. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p (samvrti as sarve dharmah (\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Trung qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m lu\u1eadn t\u1ee5ng<\/span>; Madhyamakahrdayakarika III, 13; Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 T\u01b0 Ngh\u1ecb<\/span>, 44; v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh<\/span> v\u1edbi Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0<\/span> II, 187). T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 duy\u00ean sinh<\/span> (pratityasamutpada) (\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> XXIV, 18), h\u00e0m \u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> (pratityasamutpanna) (Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 T\u01b0 Ngh\u1ecb<\/span>, t\u1ee5ng 44).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 69. V\u1ec1 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch<\/span> k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ecdc Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> XVII, 26: nghi\u1ec7p do phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> (karmaklesatmakam), Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> XVIII, 5 : ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> (karmaklesa vikalpatah). V\u1ec1 t\u00e2m (citta) (=ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t; vikalpa) \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0<\/span> III, 38: cittena ciyate karma. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, t\u00e2m l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (outcome) c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc (t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span>; vasana) do b\u1edfi<\/span> phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> sinh t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> (t\u00e2m), v.v\u2026 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 70. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/span> ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> (= t\u00e2m, v\u00f4 minh<\/span>, v.v\u2026) b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p (karmaklesaksayan moksah). (Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> XVIII, 5)<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 71. V\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>, \u0111\u1ecdc Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, T\u1ee5ng 27; Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 T\u01b0 Ngh\u1ecb<\/span> 37-41, 52; Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> XVIII, 9: XXV, 3;<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 72.\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> S\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span>, 31.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 73. C\u00e1c k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> (74-104) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y<\/span> ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> (b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>) v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ghi ch\u00fa. N\u00f3i chung ch\u00fang ta<\/span> t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0<\/span> trong V\u00f2ng<\/span> b\u1ea3o ch\u00e2u<\/span> (Ratnavali), T\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> cho B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> (Bodhisambharaka), v\u00e0 B\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> (Sunyatasaptati).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 77. V\u1ec1 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ecdc V\u00f2ng b\u1ea3o ch\u00e2u<\/span> I, 24.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 81. V\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o<\/span> (vipaka) chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb<\/span> (kayadvaya). \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> T\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> cho B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> \u00a0k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span>, 3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy ch\u1ec9 trong ghi ch\u00fa.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 83. S\u1ed1 duy\u00ean di\u1ec7t (Pratisamkhyanirodha) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Thanh V\u0103n<\/span> th\u00ec th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m<\/span> so v\u1edbi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span> ( anuttara samyaksambodhi; a n\u1eadu \u0111a la tam mi\u1ec7u tam b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>) c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> kinh Duy ma c\u1eadt<\/span> s\u1edf thuy\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 86. \u0111\u1ecdc T\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> cho B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>, 164 , v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy ch\u1ec9 trong c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 91. V\u1ec1 c\u00fa a \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, 1 v\u1edbi ghi ch\u00fa \u0111i c\u00f9ng. V\u1ec1 12 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt (Twelve Acts of a Buddha: T\u1eeb \u0110\u00e2u xu\u1ea5t xu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ea3n sinh, \u2026) \u0111\u1ecdc, t\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 So S\u00e1nh<\/span>, 23 (Niraupamyastava)<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 96. V\u1ec1 T\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> Ph\u00fac Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecdc V\u00f2ng b\u1ea3o ch\u00e2u<\/span> III v\u00e0 T\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> cho B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 97. \u0110\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng<\/span> 81 \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 98. V\u1ec1 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span>, \u0111\u1ecdc Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> XVIII, 8; V\u00f2ng b\u1ea3o ch\u00e2u<\/span> II, 35.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 101. \u0110\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng<\/span> 58 \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 102. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> T\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> cho B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>, 75, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy ch\u1ec9 \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ghi ch\u00fa.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 105. V\u1ec1 b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/span> l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> (bodhicittanusamsa) t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ecdc T\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> cho B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>, 57, v\u00e0 T\u1ecbch Thi\u00ean<\/span>. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I (Bodhicaryavatara c\u1ee7a Santideva).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 111. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quy ch\u1ec9 C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n<\/span> (Samantabhadra\u2019s pranidhanas).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 112. K\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> cu\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> (parinamana). \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span>\u00a0 S\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span> 60; Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 Ngh\u1ecb<\/span> 59; T\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> cho B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>, 165; v.v\u2026cho c\u00e1c h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

_____________________________________<\/span><\/p>\n

Ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 1. <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> XXVI, 8.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1eefu n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb h\u1eefu n\u00ean c\u00f3 sinh<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 s\u1ea7u<\/span><\/p>\n

bi, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> , Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XXVI, ng\u00e0i C\u01b0u-ma-la-th\u1eadp thu g\u1ecdn<\/span> 12 k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> th\u00e0nh 9 k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span>, do th\u1ebf k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> 8 \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ghi s\u1ed1 theo b\u1ea3n Sanskrit- Anh ng\u1eef. \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch 12 k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XXVI n\u00e0yc\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng H\u1eefu Ph\u00fac tr\u00ean Th\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n Hoa sen<\/span>].<\/span><\/p>\n

————-<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 3 \u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e1m c\u1ea3nh duy\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> (eight arthakara of mahakaruna), n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> sinh di\u1ec7t<\/span>, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i, \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t d\u1ecb<\/span> bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span> h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>; ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>). Ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/ bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1<\/span> \/ hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> — ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e1m c\u1ea3nh duy\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ed7ng th\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> (empty; ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu<\/span>), ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>, t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp<\/span>, t\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd<\/span> c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ee7a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> (continuity of becoming), tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea5u t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n. Do th\u1ebf ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u00e0m ch\u01b0ng h\u1eedng<\/span>, l\u00fang t\u00fang<\/span>, s\u1eefng s\u1edd, r\u1ee5ng r\u1eddi<\/span>, cho\u00e1ng v\u00e1ng, ho\u1ea3ng v\u00eda, kinh ho\u00e0ng<\/span>, \u2026 (astounding implications).<\/span><\/p>\n

Do th\u1ebf ch\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u00e1m c\u1ea3nh duy\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> gi\u1ea3ng trong Lu\u1eadn Du gi\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>: ngu si<\/span>, si, v\u00f4 minh<\/span>, v\u00f4 tr\u00ed<\/span>, phi hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>, h\u00f4n mu\u1ed9i<\/span>, h\u1eafc \u00e1m<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

——-<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 6. <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> t\u1ee5ng 7-9<\/span><\/p>\n

7. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> [= t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7] th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ee9c th\u00ec, l\u00e0 do v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/p>\n

8. T\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng linh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> [efficacious; c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u theo \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>] l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> ? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span> k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd s\u1ea3n sinh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt t\u1ee9c th\u00ec. M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> m\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf<\/span> c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng linh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

9. B\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span>; n\u1ebfu t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>, v\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e3i m\u00e3i<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u00e1t na<\/span> chuy\u1ec3n [instantaneous; momentary].<\/span><\/p>\n

————<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 10. <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Long Th\u1ecd<\/span>. C\u00e1c t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> cho Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9<\/span> (T\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> cho B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>; Bodhisambhara)<\/span><\/p>\n

25. Ngay c\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> r\u01a1i v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Thanh V\u0103n<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c<\/span> l\u00e0m ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

26. Trong khi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> cho gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> khi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Thanh V\u0103n<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3! \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh<\/span> s\u00f3ng n\u1eafng, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00e0n-th\u00e1t-b\u00e0, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u00eam bao!\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[Ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a Lindtner: T\u1ee5ng 3. T\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> (pudgalanairatmya), v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> (dharmanairatmya). Xem Kinh Duy ma c\u1eadt<\/span>, Vimalakirtinirdesa].<\/span><\/p>\n

5. B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft, v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> l\u00e0m sao \u201cc\u00e1i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i? N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0o s\u1eafc.<\/span><\/p>\n

———–<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 11. <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Candrakirti . Prasannapada, p. 41<\/span><\/p>\n

———<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 15 <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> III-V<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch C\u01b0u-ma-la-th\u1eadp<\/span><\/p>\n

III. Qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 S\u00e1u T\u00ecnh (S\u00e1u C\u0103n)<\/span><\/p>\n

IV. Qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 N\u0103m \u1ea4m<\/span> (N\u0103m U\u1ea9n<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

V. Qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 S\u00e1u Ch\u1ee7ng (S\u00e1u Gi\u1edbi)<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch K.K. Inada<\/span><\/p>\n

III. Examination of Sense Organs<\/span><\/p>\n

IV. Examination of Skandhas<\/span><\/p>\n

VI. Examination of the Dhatus<\/span><\/p>\n

———<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 21<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Nagarjuna. Vigrahavyavartani (H\u1ed3i tr\u00e1nh lu\u1eadn<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

22. C\u00e1i t\u00e1nh\/ b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh<\/span> \/ b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u00e1nh m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00ed<\/span> h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u \u00fd<\/span> ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Do th\u1ebf \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n t\u00f4i, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, [do th\u1ebf] s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c\u201d. C\u00e1i t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

_ T\u1ea1i sao? _ B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> (= v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>; t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng). C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 do duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> th\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> (t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu); b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

_T\u1ea1i sao? _ B\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang th\u00ec t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c duy\u00ean.\u00a0 N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> l\u00e0 do t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c duy\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Do th\u1ebf ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, v\u00e0 do l\u00ed do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \/ t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span>, ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u00e0, c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, v\u00e0, c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \/ t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

_Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt t\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i xe hai b\u00e1nh, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i, v.v\u2026, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> (svabhavasunya; t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng) b\u1edfi v\u00ec do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span>, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u1edf c\u1ee7i, c\u1ecf, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1eadt ong, s\u1eefa, v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span> che ch\u1edf<\/span> cho kh\u1ecfi l\u1ea1nh, gi\u00f3, v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng. [Kh\u00f4ng = ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu<\/span>. \u0110HP]. Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, d\u1ea7u ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> b\u1edfi v\u00ec do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111ang gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/span> an l\u1eadp<\/span> v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. (*)<\/span><\/p>\n

_ Trong c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span> n\u00e0y, ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: \u201cPh\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\u201d, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span> x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

(The Dialectical Method of Nagarjuna. Vigrahavyavartani. Translated by Kamaleswar Bhattacharya. Motilal Barnasidass. 1978, 1986)<\/span><\/p>\n

——–<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span>: \u201cPh\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, d\u1ea7u ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> b\u1edfi v\u00ec do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111ang gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/span> an l\u1eadp<\/span> v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\u201d (H\u1ed3i Tr\u00e1nh lu\u1eadn<\/span>, XXII).<\/span><\/p>\n

Nay \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span> n\u00e0y v\u1edbi Kinh Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span>. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-l\u01b0u-chi. B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t: c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span> Tu\u1ec7 Khai<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1edf ki\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1eb3ng v\u1eb9n to\u00e0n<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00f3i<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng (kh\u00f4ng = duy\u00ean h\u1ed9i)<\/span><\/p>\n

—————-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 22<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

X. 154. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb n\u00e0o th\u00ec nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y [th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>] m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span> v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng, s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

X. 155. Khi c\u00e1i t\u00e2m b\u1ecb dao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> v\u00ec t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span> (hay k\u00fd \u1ee9c) th\u00ec kh\u1edfi l\u00ean c\u00e1i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i; khi s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecb bi\u00ean<\/span> ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> th\u00ec b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd kh\u1edfi l\u00ean c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft [si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span>] (jnana); c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> Nh\u01b0 Nh\u01b0<\/span>, c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed tho\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

———–<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 24. <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb<\/span> [\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

5. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c huy\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh<\/span> s\u00f3ng n\u1eafng, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00e0n-th\u00e1t-b\u00e0, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu<\/span>, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi\u00eam bao<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 sinh<\/span>, v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc<\/span> kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c<\/span> gi\u00e1c quan<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

————<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 28. <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Chr. Lindtner ghi ch\u00fa, \u201cl\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span> II, 198\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

II.198. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc<\/span> k\u0129 c\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> (buddhi) th\u00ec c\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> t\u00ednh (duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 c\u00e1i bi\u1ec7t to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o (vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh<\/span>) th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> [theo c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecb bi\u00ean<\/span>]; v\u00ec khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/span><\/p>\n

——-<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 29<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Candrakirti. Prasannapada \u00a0p.374<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh Satyadvayavatara n\u00f3i: \u201cV\u0103n Th\u00f9 gi\u1ea3ng cho Thi\u00ean T\u1eed<\/span> (Devaputra): Trong ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00a0b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00ednh<\/span> b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 v\u00f4 sinh<\/span>, v\u00f4 sinh<\/span> trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00ednh<\/span>. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? B\u1edfi v\u00ec, trong ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> trong ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> do ch\u1eb3ng sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0o. N\u00e0y Thi\u00ean T\u1eed<\/span>, ngay c\u1ea3 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0<\/span> h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> trong c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh n\u1ea1m ng\u1ecdc, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, trong ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3, n\u00e0y Thi\u00ean T\u1eed<\/span>, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> nh\u01a1 nhu\u1ed1m, trong ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>, ch\u1eb3ng sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0o; s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbnh ho\u00e1 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0o. Sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> l\u00e0, trong ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>, m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi v\u00f4 sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span>. Ngay c\u1ea3 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> l\u00e0 trong ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi v\u00f4 sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span>; trong ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> trong ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? B\u1edfi v\u00ec, trong ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t\u201d (\u0110HP d\u1ecbch).<\/span><\/p>\n

———<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 33. <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh<\/span> n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

X. 14. C\u00e1i c\u0103n r\u1ec5 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> b\u1edfi t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span>, b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 th\u00e2m s\u00e2u<\/span>; t\u00e2m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span> theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1 nam ch\u00e2m k\u00e9o theo.<\/span><\/p>\n

—————<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 35.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh<\/span> Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

X. 57. D\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-da lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi-Vishaya) qu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n s\u00f3ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

X. 58. V\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1edf nhi\u1ebfp v\u00e0 n\u0103ng nhi\u1ebfp, n\u00ean c\u00e1i t\u00e2m sinh kh\u1edfitrong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinhkh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> s\u1edf ki\u1ebfn<\/span> [trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>]nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

X. 59. C\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-da t\u1ed1i cao<\/span>, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 A-l\u1ea1i-da l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edfng (th\u1ee9c, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> -vijnapti); Ta thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> c\u00e1i nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0<\/span> (tathata) v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean s\u1edf nhi\u1ebfp v\u00e0 n\u0103ng nhi\u1ebfp.<\/span><\/p>\n

——-<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 37<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch K.K. Inada)<\/span><\/p>\n

XXII, 11. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, phi kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 phi kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng phi kh\u00f4ng<\/span>. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u<\/span> l\u00ed h\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/p>\n

——–<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 38 <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa<\/span> XII, 2 (B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cH\u00e3y t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh,<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00e9o t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u, \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi,<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f3 thay, t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c<\/span>. (159)<\/span><\/p>\n

—————<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 39. <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb<\/span> [\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

50. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 s\u1edf tri<\/span> (= s\u1edf ki\u1ebfn<\/span>) khi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng tri (= n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfn), c\u00f3 n\u0103ng tri khi c\u00f3 s\u1edf tri<\/span>. Khi c\u1ea3 hai l\u00e0 v\u00f4 sinh<\/span>, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ed h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

6. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span> kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>, n\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span> kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

——————<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 40 <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

7. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m [= danh] v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 [= ngh\u0129a] ch\u1eb3ng d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t, [t\u1eeb ng\u1eef<\/span>] \u2018l\u1eeda\u2019 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u00e1i mi\u1ec7ng. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang d\u1ecb<\/span> bi\u1ec7t, s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u<\/span> [v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt g\u00ec]. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong phong c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span> (= nh\u01b0 l\u00ed s\u01b0<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> v\u1edbi Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb<\/span> [\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

35. Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t s\u1edf thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u1edbi n\u0103ng thuy\u1ebft<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

————–<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 43<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

HYMN TO THE INCOMPARABLE ONE (Niraupamyastava)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

*Ca t\u1ee5ng \u0110\u1ea5ng B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 So S\u00e1nh<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1. K\u00ednh l\u1ec5<\/span> Ng\u00e0i, \u0110\u1ea5ng B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 So s\u00e1nh<\/span>, ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> s\u1ef1 phi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, ng\u00e0i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c<\/span> cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111i l\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1c l\u1ed1i<\/span> b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> sai l\u1ea1c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu v\u1edbi con m\u1eaft Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, th\u01b0a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u1ee7<\/span>, tri nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

(really = truly = inherently)<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Theo ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng tri ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1edf tri<\/span> (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3! ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u1ef1c k\u00ec kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n

*Hymn to the Incomparable One (translated by F. Tola and C. Dragonetti)<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Homage to you, O incomparable one, who know the inexistence of an own being, to you who exert yourself for the benefit of this world, gone astray by the false doctrines.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Nothing really has been seen by you with your buddha’s eye, but your supreme vision, o Lord, perceives the truth.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. According to the supreme truth there are not in this world either a knower or a knowable (object). All!, you have known the dharmas’ nature \u00a0extremely difficult to be known.<\/span><\/p>\n

———<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 44<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> = v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> = ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span> = v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> (sunyata= nihsvabhavata=tattva= nirvikalpa).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> V, 7; XV, 4.<\/span><\/p>\n

a. b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch C\u01b0u-ma-la-th\u1eadp, Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau<\/span><\/p>\n

V.6. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed<\/span> n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u00e1i c\u00f3, th\u1eddi l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, th\u1eddi ai bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/p>\n

V.7. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean bi\u1ebft h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1edf t\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u00f2n n\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span> kia l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t , n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00f3, l\u1eeda v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi<\/span>, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi<\/span> h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V.8. Tr\u00ed n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng<\/span> an \u1ed5n<\/span> d\u1ee9t h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

b. d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch K.K. Inada<\/span><\/p>\n

V.6. N\u01a1i m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> l\u00e0 phi-hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec phi-th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> h\u1eefu? H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, khi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> ho\u1eb7c phi-th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> b\u1ea5t k\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt g\u00ec t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi hai c\u00e1i n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

V.7. Do th\u1ebf, h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span>, phi-th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, s\u1edf t\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u1edbng. B\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00f3, l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a n\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed s\u1ef1<\/span> c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t\u00a0 c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V.8. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh<\/span> th\u1ea5p (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, tr\u00ed qu\u00e1n<\/span> th\u1ea5p) ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> v\u00e0 phi-hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tri nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh<\/span> tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

V. 6. Where an entity is non-existent, how can any non-entity exist? Moreover, destitute of either entity or non-entity, who can ever know anything apart from these?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V.7. Therefore, space is not an entity, non-entity, characterization or characteristics. The rest of other five dhatus can be treated in the same manner as space.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V.8. Those of low intelligence (i.e., inferior insight) who see only\u00a0 the existence and non-existence\u00a0 of things cannot perceive the wonderful quiescence of things.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

—————–<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 45 <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ea5ng B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 So S\u00e1nh<\/span>, t\u1ee5ng 2 (\u0111\u1ecdc \u1edf ghi ch\u00fa\u00a0 t\u1ee5ng 43 b\u00ean tr\u00ean).<\/span><\/p>\n

——–<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 46 <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> (Paramarthastava; Hymn according to the supreme truth)<\/span><\/p>\n

1. L\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> ng\u00e0i, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u1ee7<\/span> ng\u00e0i v\u00f4 sinh<\/span>, v\u00f4 tr\u00fa<\/span>, v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c so s\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. How can I praise you, the Lord who has not been born, who remain nowhere, who is beyond all comparison proper of the world, something beyond the path of words.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

———–<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 48.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch C\u01b0u-ma-la-th\u1eadp, Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau.<\/span><\/p>\n

XVIII. 5. \u00a0Do nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> di\u1ec7t, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>; nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt<\/span>,nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, c\u00e1c h\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span> di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n

b. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch K.K. Inada<\/span><\/p>\n

XVIII. 5. C\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> (moksa) t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/span> c\u00e1c nh\u01a1 nhu\u1ed1m do h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> (karmaic defilements) m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m<\/span> ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n t\u1eeb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edfng (prapanca) m\u00e0 ch\u00fang th\u00ec b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> trong t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

XVIII.5. There is moksa (release or liberation) from the destruction of karmaic defilements which are but conceptualization. These arise from mere conceptual play (prapanca) which are in turn banished in sunyata.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Long Th\u1ecd<\/span>. S\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span> (Yuktisatika)<\/span><\/p>\n

46. Khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft<\/span> \u2018hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu\u2019 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p<\/span> \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u1edfi sinh t\u1eeb c\u1ef1c k\u00ec ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>. T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t<\/span> \u0111\u1ea5u tranh sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

47. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p<\/span>. N\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3, c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span>. Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ed h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

48. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m sao n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t? B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ea5y duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> ! \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c<\/span> gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span>, c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00f4 sinh<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuktisastika\u00a0 46. When one affirms \u2018being\u2019 there is a seizing of awful and vicious dogmas that arise from desire and hatred. From that contentions arise.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Yuktisastika\u00a0 47. That is the cause of all dogmas. Without it the klesas do not arise. When this is thouroughly understood, dogmas and klesas disappear.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Yuktisastika \u00a048. But how is it thoroughly known ? By seeing dependent origination ! The [Buddha], best among knowers of reality, also said that what is dependently born is unborn.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

23. Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> cam l\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span> xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edfng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu k\u1ebb n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p th\u1eadt trong t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng!\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

——————<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 49. <\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Trung lu\u1eadn<\/span> (B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch K.K. Inada)<\/span><\/p>\n

XXIV.11. T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> b\u1ecb tri nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea7m<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/span> m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb k\u00e9m tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh<\/span>. N\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn b\u1ecb ch\u1ee5p b\u1eaft theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa thu\u1eadt<\/span> b\u1ecb v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

XXIV.11 A wronly conceived sunyata can ruin a slow-witted person. It is like a badly seized snake or a wrongly executed incantation.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00f2ng b\u1ea3o ch\u00e2u<\/span> (Ratnavali) (Nagarjuna\u2019s Precious Garland. Translated by Jeffrey Hopkins)<\/span><\/p>\n

II.19. Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> n\u00e0y b\u1ecb th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea7m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ea5t tr\u00ed b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n<\/span> trong s\u1ef1 nh\u01a1 nhu\u1ed1m<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span> h\u01b0 v\u00f4<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

II.19. This doctrine wrongly understood<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Causes the unwise \u00a0to be ruined<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Because they sink into the uncleanliness<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Of nihilistic views.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Note: Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn<\/span> t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ngoan kh\u00f4ng<\/span> (nothingness) do t\u1eeb l\u00ed do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eafng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>. <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

II.20. \u0110i xa h\u01a1n<\/span> n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ngu si<\/span> nh\u01b0ng hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/p>\n

ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb tr\u00ed, c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> h\u01b0 n\u00e1t do b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0111\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eb3ng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span> kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp do v\u00ec h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span> sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

II.20. Further, the stupid who fancy<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Themselves wise, having a nature<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ruined by rejecting [emptiness], go headfirst <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

To a terrible hell due to their wrong understanding. <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Note: Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u00e0y nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> h\u00e0m \u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0 v\u00e0 do th\u1ebf h\u1ecd l\u00e0 k\u1ebb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, v\u00ec t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi<\/span> duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi<\/span> ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn<\/span> nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> gi\u1ea3ng trong Lu\u1eadn Du gi\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>, ngu si= si= v\u00f4 minh= v\u00f4 tr\u00ed<\/span> = phi hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span> = h\u1eafc \u00e1m<\/span> = h\u00f4n mu\u1ed9i<\/span> ( Ph\u1eadt Quang<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef1<\/span> \u0110i\u1ec3n. Th\u00edch Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch). \u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

———-<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 52<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

22. C\u00e1i g\u00ec sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y duy\u00ean<\/span> th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i xem n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>. Th\u01b0a, ti\u1ebfng s\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span> n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu!<\/span><\/p>\n

————<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 56<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> (d\u1ecbch theo b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch K.K. Inada)<\/span><\/p>\n

XV.7.\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, trong Kinh Katyayana (H\u00f3a Ca-chi\u00ean-di\u00ean),\u00a0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n hai tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span> v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> v\u00e0 phi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> l\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span> do v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span> th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> v\u00e0 phi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

XV.8. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> l\u00e0 do v\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu, v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> phi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

XV.7. According to the Instructions to Katyayana, the two views of the world in term of being and non-being were criticized by the Buddha for similarly admitting the bifurcation of entities into existence and non-existence. <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Note: The Sanskrit, Katyayanavavada, either refer to the sutra or to the instructions given to Katyayana by the Buddha. <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

XV.8. If existence is in virtue of a primal nature, then its non-existence does not follow. For, indeed, a varying character of a primal nature is not possible at all.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

————–<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 58<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Trung \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span> tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

XV.10. Hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span> v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>) v\u00e0 phi-hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tri nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t<\/span>. (b\u1edfi v\u00ec hai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3<\/span> b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi), k\u1ebb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> v\u00e0 phi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> (d\u1ecbch theo b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch K.K. Inada)<\/span><\/p>\n

XV.10. Hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> (It is) l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span> theo th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>. Phi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> (It is not) l\u00e0 tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t<\/span>. Do th\u1ebf k\u1ebb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> v\u00e0 phi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> (d\u1ecbch theo b\u1ea3n Louis Vall\u00e9 de Poussin).<\/span><\/p>\n

XV.10. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng; quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n, do th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. (b\u1ea3n C\u01b0u ma la th\u1eadp<\/span>, Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau)<\/span><\/p>\n

XVII.21. C\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ed1n ch\u1eb3ng sinh, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng di\u1ec7t, v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span>. (B\u1ea3n C\u01b0u-ma-la-th\u1eadp, Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau).<\/span><\/p>\n

XVII. 21. L\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nghi\u1ec7p (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0) kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span> kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> (nihsvabhava). Do v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span> kh\u1edfi th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

XVII. 22. N\u1ebfu nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> v\u1eady ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span> n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a\u00a0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c. Trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

XVII. 21. The reason why karman does not arise is that it is without a self-nature (nihsvabhava). As it does not arise there is no perishing. <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

XVII. 22. If karman has self-nature then undoubtedly it will have the nature of constancy and will also uncreated. However, anything characterized by constancy does not create.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 T\u01b0 Ngh\u1ecb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

49. K\u1ebb m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3<\/span> t\u00ednh \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> do b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p<\/span>, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn<\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tra v\u1ea5n r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> l\u00e0 h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

————–<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 65<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang-sinh hay s\u1ef1, v\u1eadt c\u00f3 ra h\u00ecnh-s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u do s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o-t\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span> c\u1ee7a 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi hai chi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. v\u00f4-minh 2. h\u00e0nh 3. th\u1ee9c 4. danh s\u1eafc<\/span> 5. s\u00e1u x\u1ee9<\/span> (= l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp<\/span>) 6. x\u00fac 7. th\u1ecd 8. \u00e1i 9. th\u1ee7 10. h\u1eefu 11. sinh 12. l\u00e3o t\u1eed<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong Trung \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span>. Ch\u00ednh t\u00edn<\/span> c\u0103n c\u1ee9 trong suy l\u00ed (The Middle Way. Faith grounded on Reasoning), 2009, \u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Dalai Lama gi\u1ea3ng \u2013 theo ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(1)\u00a0v\u00f4-minh\u00a0(ignorance), (8) \u00e1i\u00a0(craving) v\u00e0 (9) th\u1ee7\u00a0(grasping)\u00a0l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c\u00a0c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>\u00a0(afflictions);<\/span><\/p>\n

trong khi \u0111\u00f3 (2) h\u00e0nh\u00a0(volition) v\u00e0 (10)\u00a0h\u1eefu\u00a0(becoming)\u00a0l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0(karmic action) .<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3y chi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, (3) th\u1ee9c\u00a0(consciousness), (4)\u00a0danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc (name and form), (5)\u00a0s\u00e1u x\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0(sources), (6)\u00a0x\u00fac\u00a0(contact), (7)\u00a0th\u1ecd (feeling), (11)\u00a0sinh\u00a0(birth) v\u00e0\u00a0(12)\u00a0l\u00e3o v\u00e0 t\u1eed\u00a0(aging and death)\u00a0t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span> v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5\u00a0(= kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

————<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 66<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00f2ng b\u1ea3o ch\u00e2u<\/span> (Ratnavali)<\/span><\/p>\n

IV. 86. S\u1ef1 v\u00f4 sinh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c (trong Thanh V\u0103n th\u1eeba<\/span>) trong th\u1eadt t\u1ebf<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span> sinh (th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>) v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t (th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>) l\u00e0 phi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1i<\/span> Th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. (K\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> 386, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 IV. 86)<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span> (Yuktisastika)<\/span><\/p>\n

30. \u0110\u1ec3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y n\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/span> ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 k\u1ebb l\u00ed h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u \u00fd<\/span> ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n tham (= v\u00f4 tham<\/span>), v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng th\u00f4ng (void)\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

(= kh\u00f4ng; ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu<\/span>; ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>; r\u1ed7ng th\u00f4ng; duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>; duy\u00ean h\u1ed9i).<\/span><\/p>\n

———<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 67 <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

XXIV. 8.\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p do ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean hai ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span>; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> (= ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>), v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00ed tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> (= ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

XXIV. 9.\u00a0 Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00ed h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

XXIV. 10. \u00a0N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tu t\u1eadp<\/span> th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>; c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> duy\u00ean h\u1ed9i), ch\u00e2n l\u00ed tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai hi\u1ec3n<\/span>. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span> ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n l\u00ed tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>, ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

XXIV.10. Without relying on everyday common practices (i.e., relative truths), the absolute truth cannot be expressed. Without approaching the absolute truth, nirvana cannot be attained.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

———<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 68<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 T\u01b0 Ngh\u1ecb<\/span> [\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>].<\/span><\/p>\n

44.\u00a0 Ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span> sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c duy\u00ean, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> (= t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i<\/span>). Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

II. 187. \u00a0Ch\u00e2n l\u00ed quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> (t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf-samvriti) v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span> (\u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u0111\u1ebf-paramartha) — n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> th\u1ee9 ba th\u00ec phi th\u1ef1c<\/span> th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0y; v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 quy \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> (t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>); khi v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> b\u1ecb c\u1eaft r\u1eddi ra th\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

XXIV.18. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec do duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>\u00a0 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>. T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1eb7t (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac suy t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>) cho t\u00ednh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u1ec3<\/span>, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> l\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

XXIV. 19. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng do duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> h\u1eefu. Do th\u1ebf, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng (= b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> h\u1eefu.<\/span><\/p>\n

XXIV. 18. We declare that whatever is relational origination is sunyata. It is a provisional name (i.e., thought construction) for the mutuality (of being) and, indeed, it is the middle path.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

XXIV. 19. Any factor of experience which does not participate in relational origination cannot exist. Therefore, any factor of experience not in the nature of sunya cannot exist.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

————-<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 69 <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

XVII. 26. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, kh\u1edfi xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt<\/span>, th\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p kia l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

XVII. 26. Nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>, v\u00e0, nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span>, l\u00e0m sao nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0?<\/span><\/p>\n

XVII. 26. This karman will have the nature of defilements (klesas) and these, in turn, will not be in the nature of truth (tattva). But if the defilements are not in the nature of truth, how could karman be in the nature of truth?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

XVIII. 5. \u00a0\u0110\u1ecdc trong T\u1ee5ng 48 b\u00ean tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

III. 38. Nghi\u1ec7p do t\u00e2m ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a<\/span>, v\u00e0 do tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span> (th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span>) b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3<\/span> (prajna).<\/span><\/p>\n

——<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 70. <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span> XVIII.5<\/span><\/p>\n

———<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 71<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

27. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span> r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span> n\u1ebfu c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> t\u1edbi v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>. Do th\u1ebf Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 T\u01b0 Ngh\u1ecb<\/span> [\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

37, 38, 39. C\u00e1i m\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean nh\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu v\u00e0 phi h\u1eefu<\/span>, tuy v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u00ec m\u1ed9t chi c\u1ea3; c\u00e1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u0103ng tri ho\u1eb7c s\u1edf tri<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> ho\u1eb7c phi-hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u; c\u00e1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1edf y<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/span>, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb<\/span>, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 so s\u00e1nh<\/span>, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span> kh\u1edfi, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t<\/span>, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span> — \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span> ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

40. C\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> l\u00e0 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>; C\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>. Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span> \/ nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> v\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

41. T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span>, \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span> (\u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>), b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00ednh<\/span>, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt<\/span>. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span> b\u1eb1ng tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span> (= n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span>). B\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai t\u1ec9nh bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

52. Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span> l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1i h\u1ea3o cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ecb ti\u00eau t\u00e1n<\/span> b\u1edfi cu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/span> ch\u1ea5p th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch C\u01b0u-ma-la-th\u1eadp, Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau<\/span><\/p>\n

XVIII. 9. T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng theo c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ed lu\u1eadn<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng sai kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch K.K. Inada<\/span><\/p>\n

XVIII.9. Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span> nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span>, t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/span> v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1t th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>) .<\/span><\/p>\n

XVIII.9. Non-conditionally related to any entity , quiescent, non-conceptualized\u00a0 by conceptual play, non-discriminative, and non-differentiated. These are the characteristics of reality (i.e., descriptive of one who has gained the Buddhist truth). <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u0103ng Tri\u1ec7u<\/span> (trong Tri\u1ec7u Lu\u1eadn<\/span>): B\u1ea3n V\u00f4<\/span> (= Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span>) = T\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng<\/span> = Duy\u00ean H\u1ed9i = Ph\u00e1p T\u00ednh<\/span> = Th\u1eadt T\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch C\u01b0u-ma-la-th\u1eadp, Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau<\/span><\/p>\n

XXV.3. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u1eb3ng \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng sinh c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng di\u1ec7t, \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch K.K. Inada<\/span><\/p>\n

XXV. 3. \u00a0C\u00e1i ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb v\u1ee9t \u0111i, b\u1ecb ch\u1ee5p gi\u1eef, b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> \u2026 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

XXV.3. What is never cast off, seized, interrupted, constant, extinguished, and produced\u2026 this is call nirvana.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

————–<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 72<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> S\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span> (Yuktisastika)<\/span><\/p>\n

30. \u0110\u1ec3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y n\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/span> ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span> r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 k\u1ebb l\u00ed h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u \u00fd<\/span> ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n tham (= v\u00f4 tham<\/span>), v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng th\u00f4ng (void)\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

(= kh\u00f4ng; ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu<\/span>; ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>; r\u1ed7ng th\u00f4ng; duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>; duy\u00ean h\u1ed9i).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

31. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng l\u00ed<\/span> h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u \u00fd<\/span> ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec5n li<\/span> nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>: Nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c!<\/span><\/p>\n

31. Those who do not understand the meaning of separation but merely keep on learning without enacting merit: Such base people are lost!<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

————<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 77<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecdc V\u00f2ng b\u1ea3o ch\u00e2u<\/span> (Ratnavali I.24)<\/span><\/p>\n

I.24. Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span>, c\u00e1c v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span> v\u00e0 v.v\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00f3i v\u1eafn t\u1eaft<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tu t\u1eadp<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n

I.24. Through the concentrations, immeasurable, and formlessnesses<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

One experiences the bliss of Brahma and so forth.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Thus in brief are the practices <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

For high status and their fruits. <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span>: \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ecbnh tam thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n<\/span> (the first, second, third, fourth concentrations).<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> (t\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ef7, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>; love, compassion, joy, and equanimity)<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span> (four formless absorptions): \u0110\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span> x\u1ee9 (infinite space absorption), \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9<\/span> (infinite consciousness absorption), \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9<\/span> (nothingness absorption); \u0110\u1ecbnh phi<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edfng, phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> x\u1ee9 (Peak of cyclic existence absorption; \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec9nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

——————<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 81<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> cho B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c\/ ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh. Hai t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> cho gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh<\/span> n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>. Do th\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> cho gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a Lindtner<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 Th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh<\/span> Duy-ma-c\u1eadt; Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u01a1ng kinh<\/span> (Samadhirajasutra XII). N\u00f3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> ng\u00e0i Long th\u1ecd<\/span> th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span> r\u1eb1ng S\u1eafc Th\u00e2n<\/span> (Rupakaya) do nh\u1edd v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> (anatapunyasambhara), v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p Th\u00e2n<\/span> (Dharmakaya) do nh\u1edd v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> (anantajnanasambhara). \u0110\u1ecdc Ratnavali III. 9-13.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

60. Nguy\u1ec7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> do b\u1edfi<\/span> ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> n\u00e0y t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> hai thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o sinh<\/span> kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

60. May all people by this merit and insight and obtain the two goods that arise from merit and insight. \u00a0\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

————–<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 86<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> cho B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

164. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span> ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (vyanjana), kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span> n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c kia. H\u00e3y \u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> th\u00e2m m\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m hoan h\u1ec9<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh x\u1eed thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m ch\u00fa.<\/span><\/p>\n

164. Hold to the main thing, without preferring this or that articulation. Enter the profound path of the Dharma with joy, not showing heedlessness. <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a Lindtner: \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (vyanjana), m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a (four pratisarana; b\u1ed1n y c\u1ee9<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t:\u00a0 four reliances (pratisarana): b\u1ed1n y c\u1ee9<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

1. v\u00e0o \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2. v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3. v\u00e0o tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> (gnosis and not on normal consciousness)<\/span><\/p>\n

4. v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo Robert A.F. Thurman th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 y c\u1ee9<\/span> ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i<\/span> t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span> h\u01a1n theo th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc tu t\u1eadp<\/span> (kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u1edbi): y c\u1ee9<\/span> gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>, y c\u1ee9<\/span> \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>, y c\u1ee9<\/span> kinh \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, y c\u1ee9<\/span> tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

————-<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 91<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi! \u0110\u1ec9nh l\u1ec5<\/span> Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span> tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i d\u1ed1c l\u00f2ng l\u01b0u xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span> cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi!<\/span><\/p>\n

Long Th\u1ecd<\/span>. Ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0110\u1ea5ng B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 So S\u00e1nh<\/span> (Niraupamyastava; Hymm to the Incomparable One)<\/span><\/p>\n

22. Th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>, qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span> t\u1eeb ph\u00e1p<\/span> b\u1ea3o, t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span>; nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o ho\u00e1<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, ng\u00e0i th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u1eed di\u1ec7t.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

23. Nh\u01b0ng trong v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> ng\u00e0i th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n<\/span> tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> trong c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb d\u1ed1c l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 mong c\u1ea7u l\u00ed h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng<\/span> hi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 t\u1eed v\u00e0 sinh v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> b\u00e1nh xe lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

22. \u00a0Your body is eternal, inalterable, fortunate, made out of Doctrine, victorious; but because of men who are to be converted, extinction (of yourself) has been shown by you.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

23. (But) in the numberless worlds you are seen anew by your devotees who desire the perfect comprehension of death and birth and (thanks to it) the extinction of the (existence’s) wheel. <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(Translated by F. Tola and C. Dragonetti)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

—————<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 98<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch C\u01b0u-ma-la-th\u1eadp, Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau<\/span><\/p>\n

XVIII.8. H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec1u phi th\u1eadt, c\u0169ng th\u1eadt c\u0169ng phi th\u1eadt, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i phi th\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch K.K. Inada<\/span><\/p>\n

XVIII. M\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb<\/span>, phi nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb<\/span>, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb<\/span> c\u0169ng phi nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb<\/span>, v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb<\/span> c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng phi nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

XVIII.8. \u00a0Everything is suchness (tathyam), not suchness, both suchness and not suchness, and neither suchness nor not suchness. This is the Buddha\u2019s teaching.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Louis de La Vall\u00e9 Poussin<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Everything is factual, nonfactual, both factual and nonfactual, neither factual nor nonfactual. This is the instruction of the Buddha.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

———-<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 102<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> cho B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

75. M\u1ed9t B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span> g\u00ec trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> \u0111i t\u1edbi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh t\u00edn<\/span> v\u00e0 hoan h\u1ec9<\/span> trong ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span>, tuy v\u1eady v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111i t\u1edbi ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

75. [A Bodhisattva has] extreme distate for samsara but still turns toward samsara. He has faith and joy in nirvana, yet turns his back on nirvana. <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

——–<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 105<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> cho B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

55. H\u00e3y b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i<\/span> cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u<\/span> ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ee5 trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>, hoan h\u1ec9<\/span> trong ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1edbi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0 T\u1ed1i Th\u1eafng<\/span> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

56. H\u00e3y l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd th\u1ee9 ba, ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam, ch\u1eafp hai b\u00e0n tay, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng y<\/span> tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t vai.<\/span><\/p>\n

57. N\u1ebfu ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp trong phong c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9<\/span>, s\u1ed1 c\u00f5i l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n l\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1t trong s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng<\/span> v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a n\u1ed5i n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

————-<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng 112<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> c\u00e1c t\u1ee5ng h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

*S\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span> (Yuktisastika; Sixty verses of Arguments)<\/span><\/p>\n

60. Nguy\u1ec7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> do b\u1edfi<\/span> ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> n\u00e0y t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> hai thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o sinh<\/span> kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

60. May all people by this merit and insight and obtain the two goods that arise from merit and insight.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

*Ca t\u1ee5ng \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 T\u01b0 Ngh\u1ecb<\/span> [\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>] (Acintyastava; Hymn to the Inconceivable [Buddha])<\/span><\/p>\n

59. B\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u00f4i th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn do ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> Ng\u00e0i theo phong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i, \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 T\u01b0 Ngh\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>, nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 Ng\u00e0i!<\/span><\/p>\n

*C\u00e1c t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> cho gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> (Bodhisambharaka; The Accumulations for Enlightenment)<\/span><\/p>\n

165. Khi c\u00e1c t\u0103ng s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span> t\u1eadp trung c\u00e1c t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span> n\u00e0y su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1t s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng<\/span>, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span> to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.<\/span><\/p>\n

*Ca t\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng K\u00ednh L\u1ec5<\/span> (Vandanastotra; A Praise by Paying Homage)<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u00f4i t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Do t\u00f4i ca t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span> b\u1edfi c\u00e1c uragas, kinnaras,<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span>, v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 a-tu-la — trong phong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y,<\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1u \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng gi\u00e1c<\/span> ng\u1ed9.<\/span><\/p>\n

__________________________________________________________<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ng\u1eef<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

1. trong b\u1ea3n Anh n\u00e0y, develop, development: meditate, meditation; life = samsara. <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

2. neyartha: requiring interpretation; c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span>; b\u1ea5t li\u1ec5u<\/span> ngh\u0129a<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

nitartha: definitive; ngh\u0129a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh; li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

3. viveka: separation; vi\u1ec5n li<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

4. vivikta: void; kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecbch<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

adhimoksa: belief :li\u1ec5u; th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

asat: non-existent; phi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

asraya: basis; support; s\u1edf y<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

bhavagraha: materialism; fever of positivism<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

bhavatmaka: positivistic attitude<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

cittamatra: pure consciousness; duy th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

cittomohana: illusion; hiuy\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

darsana: appearance; manifestation<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

desana: doctrine; teaching; gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

dravya: real; material thing<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

jneya: object of knowledge; c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>; s\u1edf tri<\/span>; \u01b0ng tri\u00a0 <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

jneyavarana: obstructions to omniscience ; s\u1edf tri ch\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>; tr\u00ed ch\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

jneyajnana: c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed<\/span> <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

karaka(tva): agent; creator; t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span>; t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

karakatva: creator; <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

kriya: efficacious; d\u1ee5ng; nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng<\/span> ; s\u1edf t\u00e1c<\/span> ; s\u1ef1<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

ksana: ni\u1ec7m ni\u1ec7m<\/span>; ni\u1ec7m; s\u00e1t na<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

ksanika: instant<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

lokavyavahara: convention;\u00a0 vyavahara: conventional <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

vyavahara: th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>; t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>; t\u1ee5c<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

marga: method; path; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

mrsa: false<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

mudha; moha: confused; confusion; stupidity<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

paratantra:\u00a0 dependent phenomenon; hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

parikalpita: imagined; imaginary; imputation<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

parikapitadharma: imaginary phenomenon<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

prajnapti: designation ; gi\u1ea3 danh<\/span> ; gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span>; thi thi\u1ebft; t\u00ean t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1eb7t<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

pratiyaya: condition; duy\u00ean<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

raga: passion<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

sakta: efficacious<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

samaropa: superimposition<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

sasvata: eternalism; ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

samata: equality; sameness; b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00ednh<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

sopadana: appropriator<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

abhidhana: ng\u1eef ng\u00f4n<\/span>; designations; expression <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

abhidheya: expressible; kh\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

anlaya: baseless<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

asraya, alaya: basis<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

jnana: cognition; knowledge<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

jneya:\u00a0 cognition; knowledge<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

jnatr: knower<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

kalpana (ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>): abstraction; imagination; notion<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

laksana: mark; t\u01b0\u1edbng; th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

laksya: the marked; s\u1edf t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

manas: mind<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

marici: mirage ; \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh<\/span> s\u00f3ng n\u1eafng<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

maya: huy\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

nitartha: definitive meaning; \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ; <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

neyartha: provisional meaning, requiring interpretation; \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

parikalpita: imagined; bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p<\/span>; v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>; v\u1ecdng k\u1ebf<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

rupa: matter; s\u1eafc<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

svabhava: own-being; t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

samkalpa: conception<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

samjina (t\u01b0\u1edfng): concept; intellect ( *Robert Thurman)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

*for samjna, \u201cintellect\u201d is useful in conveying the sense of verbal, conceptual intelligence.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

svabhava (t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>; b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh<\/span>, t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3) [t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> (tathata) ]<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

svabhava: own-being; t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

prakrti; svabhava : own-being; substance; by nature<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

tathata: suchness; ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span>, nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0<\/span>,\u00a0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>, t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

tattva: truth; ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span>; nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Sugata: the Well-Gone One: \u0110\u1ea5ng Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7<\/span>; t\u1eeb ng\u1eef<\/span> d\u1ecbch Sanskrit- English (trong In Praise of Dharmadhatu c\u1ee7a Karl Brunnholzl — I translate the term sugata here in an attempt to retain alliterative play on worlds).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

expressible: s\u1edf thuy\u1ebft; expression : n\u0103ng thuy\u1ebft<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

knowable: s\u1edf tri<\/span>; s\u1edf ki\u1ebfn<\/span>; knowing: n\u0103ng tri; n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfn <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

————<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Sunya; Empty: kh\u00f4ng; r\u1ed7ng th\u00f4ng; r\u1ed7ng th\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>; ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> ( d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00ec khi h\u1ecdc t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, emty lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 emty c\u00e1i g\u00ec ?)<\/span><\/p>\n

*V\u1ec1 T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch, \u201cform is emptiness, emptiness is form\u201d ;\u00a0 \u201cform is empty, emptiness is form\u201d : Donald S. Lopez, Jr c\u00f3 xin \u00fd ki\u1ebfn<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t ma<\/span> 1984, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i \u201cthere is no significant difference in meaning\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

__________________________________________<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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