{"id":7844,"date":"2020-12-05T22:56:23","date_gmt":"2020-12-05T15:56:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/05\/bay-loai-vo-trong-abidharma-doi-chieu-voi-luat-tang\/"},"modified":"2021-01-29T22:21:29","modified_gmt":"2021-01-29T15:21:29","slug":"bay-loai-vo-trong-abidharma-doi-chieu-voi-luat-tang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/05\/bay-loai-vo-trong-abidharma-doi-chieu-voi-luat-tang\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea3y Lo\u1ea1i V\u1ee3 Trong Abidharma \u0110\u1ed1i Chi\u1ebfu V\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

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B\u1ea2Y LO\u1ea0I V\u1ee2 TRONG ABIDHARMA <\/span>\u0110\u1ed0I CHI\u1ebeU<\/span><\/span> V\u1edaI LU\u1eacT T\u1ea0NG<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
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Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u00ean<\/span><\/p>\n

\"B\u1ea3y

\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

I\/ T\u1ed4NG QUAN<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span>\u00a0theo\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span>\u00a0kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Nik\u0101ya[1]<\/a>\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i v\u1ee3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u201cV\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ee3 nh\u01b0\u00a0k\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m<\/span><\/span>\u00a0c\u1eafp, v\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7, v\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, v\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecb, v\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n, v\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef t\u1ef3<\/i>\u201d[2]<\/a>, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf trong kinh\u00a0Bhariy\u0101,\u00a0<\/i>thu\u1ed9c\u00a0\u00a0Aby\u0101katavaggo<\/i>\u00a0(ph\u1ea9mKh\u00f4ng\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span><\/span><\/i>) trong\u00a0Anguttara\u00a0<\/i>Nik<\/i>\u0101<\/i>ya<\/i>\u00a0(T\u0103ng chi b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span><\/span><\/i>) v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n\u00a0ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n<\/span><\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101ta trongKhuddaka Nik<\/i>\u0101<\/i>ya<\/i>\u00a0(Ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span><\/span><\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span><\/span> b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i v\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c theo tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span> Abidharma v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u1ec7 Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3<\/span><\/span> trong \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh<\/span><\/span><\/i>, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i v\u1ee3 theo Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n \u0111i\u1ec3n P\u0101li v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span><\/span>, qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span> trong t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 hay v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span><\/span> h\u00f4n l\u1ec5<\/span><\/span> \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i v\u1ee3,\u00a0 A-t\u00ec-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n t\u00fac lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span>[3]<\/b><\/a><\/i> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cM\u1ed9t l\u00e0, v\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0\u1edbi theo nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> b\u01b0ng b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc;<\/span><\/p>\n

Hai l\u00e0, v\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i v\u1eadt;<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba l\u00e0, v\u1ee3 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do chinh ph\u1ea1t;<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n l\u00e0, v\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung do s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n;<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m l\u00e0, v\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung v\u00ec th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 y ph\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e1u l\u00e0, v\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung do h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/span><\/span> m\u01b0u sinh;<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3y l\u00e0, v\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung tho\u00e1ng ch\u1ed1c\u201d[4]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110em b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y so s\u00e1nh<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4 thu\u1ed9c v\u0103n h\u1ec7 P\u0101li, th\u00ec trong \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

1\/ V\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

2\/ V\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung do t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

3\/ V\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung v\u00ec t\u00e0i v\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

4\/ V\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung v\u00ec y ph\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

5\/ V\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0\u1edbi theo nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> b\u01b0ng b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/p>\n

6\/ V\u1ee3 do n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1<\/span><\/span> g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

7\/ V\u1ee3 h\u1ea1ng n\u1eef t\u1ef3.<\/span><\/p>\n

8\/ V\u1ee3 h\u1ea1ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng\/ch\u1ea5p t\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

9\/ V\u1ee3 h\u1ea1ng t\u00f9 binh.<\/span><\/p>\n

10\/ V\u1ee3 trong tho\u00e1ng ch\u1ed1c\u201d[5]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i \u0111em \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi l<\/i>u\u1eadt Th\u1eadp <\/i>t<\/i>\u1ee5ng<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span> b\u1edfi Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101da (Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span>), lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i v\u1ee3[6]<\/a> v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n M\u016blasarv\u0101stiv\u0101da-vinayavastu<\/i> m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y Nanjio[7]<\/a> ch\u1ec9 ra l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l<\/i>u\u1eadt Th\u1eadp <\/i>t<\/i>\u1ee5ng<\/i> nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi l<\/i>u\u1eadt Th\u1eadp <\/i>t<\/i>\u1ee5ng <\/i>trong H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng <\/i>nh\u01b0 Csoma \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Asiatic Research<\/i> (Nghi\u00ean <\/i>c<\/i>\u1ee9u \u00c1 <\/i>c<\/i>h\u00e2u<\/i>)[8]<\/a>, th\u00ec b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i v\u1ee3 \u1edf trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi minh v\u0103n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong l<\/i>u\u1eadt Th\u1eadp <\/i>t<\/i>\u1ee5ng<\/i> thu\u1ed9c H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> ng\u00e0y nay, th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> Sanskrit c\u1ee7a M\u016blasarv\u0101stivada-vinaya<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span> t\u1ea1i Bamiyan v\u00e0 Gilgit[9]<\/a>, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span><\/span> r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span><\/span>, m\u00e0 B. Mukherjee cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span> lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> \u1edf v\u00f9ng Kashmir[10]<\/a>, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span> M\u016blasarv\u0101stivada-vinaya<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o Buddhist Sanskrit Texts No. 16<\/i> [11]<\/a>, \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh v\u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i v\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch C\u0103n b\u1ea3n thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> t\u1ef3-n\u1ea1i-da<\/i>[12]<\/a> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Ngh\u0129a T\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 C\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4 ni b\u1ed9 t\u1ef3-n\u1ea1i-da<\/i>[13]<\/a> k\u00e8m theo b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span><\/span>[14]<\/a> v\u00e0 th\u00eam m\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> t\u01b0 th\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

II\/ N\u1ed8I DUNG CHI TI\u1ebeT<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

1\/ V\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0\u1edbi theo nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> b\u01b0ng b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/h4>\n
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C\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0<\/span><\/span> Abidharma g\u1ecdi h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u2018th\u1ecd th\u1ee7y ph\u1ee5<\/i><\/b>\u00a0\u6388\u6c34\u5a66\u2019, t\u1eeb P\u0101li g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 odapattakin\u012b<\/i>: v\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0\u1edbi theo nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> b\u01b0ng b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng d\u1ecbch theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> P\u0101li<\/i>[15]<\/a>\u00a0 d\u1ecbch s\u00e1t t\u1eeb odapattakin\u012b <\/i>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 b\u01b0ng b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y, Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n t\u00fac lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/i>gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span>: \u201cV\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0\u1edbi theo nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> b\u01b0ng b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i><\/b>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i nh\u1eadn b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, theo \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea3 con g\u00e1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc kia, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0\u1edbi theo nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> b\u01b0ng b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d[16]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y lu\u1eadt<\/i>Th\u1eadp <\/i>t<\/i>\u1ee5ng<\/i> g\u1ecdi \u2018Th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1eafc<\/i>\u2019 v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cV\u1ee3 c\u01b0\u1edbi theo nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> b\u01b0ng b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc (th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1eafc \u6c34\u5f97), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam r\u00f3t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 v\u1ee3\u201d[17]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4 thu\u1ed9c v\u0103n h\u1ec7 P\u0101li c\u0169ng n\u00f3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span><\/span>: \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef b\u01b0ng b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam trao cho b\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m v\u1ee3\u201d[18]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, S\u1edb <\/i>g<\/i>i\u1ea3i<\/i> (\u1e6c\u012bk\u0101<\/i>) Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4<\/i>, Ng\u00e0i Buddhaghosa (Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m<\/span><\/span>) gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> r\u00f5: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 b\u01b0ng b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, sau khi c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00fang hai tay v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: H\u00e3y g\u1eafn b\u00f3<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 chia l\u00eca\u2019 th\u00ec n\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 theo phong t\u1ee5c\u201d[19]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> Sanskrit M\u016blasarv\u0101stiv\u0101da-vinayavastu<\/i>[20]<\/a>, do ng\u00e0i Ngh\u0129a T\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> d\u1ecbch H\u00e1n, t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 C\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t h\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> T\u1ef3-n\u1ea1i-da<\/i>, quy\u1ec3n 12<\/i>[21]<\/a> c\u0169ng n\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span>: \u201cV\u1ee3 c\u01b0\u1edbi theo nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> b\u01b0ng b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc (Th\u1ee7y th\u1ecd ph\u1ee5 \u6c34\u6388\u5a66), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y t\u00e0i v\u1eadt, cha m\u1eb9<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00f3t l\u00ean tay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam kia, m\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u2018Ta nay c\u00f3 con g\u00e1i n\u00e0y cho l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i, ng\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean kh\u00e9o t\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, ch\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m\u2019, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y th\u1ecd\u00a0ph\u1ee5\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 \u0111em \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span>l<\/i>u\u1eadt T\u1ee9 <\/i>p<\/i>h\u1ea7n<\/i> thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 Dharmaguptaka (\u0110\u00e0m-v\u00f4-\u0111\u1ee9c b\u1ed9), \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c: \u201cN\u00f4 t\u1ef3 v\u00ec b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1n: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbt l\u00ean khi b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1n<\/i>\u201d[22]<\/a>, t\u1ee9c T\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span><\/i>\u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef P\u0101li. d\u0101s\u012b<\/i>: n\u1eef t\u1ef3, n\u00f4 t\u1ef3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean, nh\u00ecn chung h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0\u1edbi theo t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c h\u00f4n l\u1ec5<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef ph\u1ea3i b\u01b0ng b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u00f3t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean tay hay nh\u00fang tay v\u00e0o b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

2\/ V\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i v\u1eadt.\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n
\n

C\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0<\/span><\/span> Abidharma g\u1ecdi h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 T\u00e0i h\u00f3a ph\u1ee5<\/b>\u00a0\u8ca1\u8ca8\u5a66, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4 thu\u1ed9c v\u0103n h\u1ec7 P\u0101li g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 dhanakk\u012bt\u0101<\/i> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mua (v\u1ee3) b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> hay ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y, Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n t\u00fac lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/i> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y: \u201cV\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i v\u1eadt<\/i><\/b>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00e0o, d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u, ho\u1eb7c \u00edt t\u00e0i v\u1eadt, mua ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i v\u1eadt\u201d[23]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4 c\u1ee7a P\u0101li gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span>: \u201cV\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sau khi mua b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i v\u1eadt, (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng) gi\u1eef (c\u00f4 ta) s\u1ed1ng chung (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u1ee3)\u201d[24]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi C\u0103n b\u1ea3n thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> t\u1ef3-n\u1ea1i-da 12<\/i> (tr. 686b12) tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 l<\/i>u\u1eadt Th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng 3<\/i> (tr. 18c16): \u201cV\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> (\u7d22\u5f97 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eafc), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c \u00edt ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i v\u1eadt t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i n\u00e0y), x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 v.v..\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua hay trao \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span><\/span> b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

3\/ V\u1ee3 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do chinh ph\u1ea1t.<\/span><\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0<\/span><\/span> Abidharma g\u1ecdi h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 Qu\u00e2n l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5<\/b>\u00a0\u8ecd\u63a0\u5a66, P\u0101li g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 dhaj\u0101ha\u1e6d\u0101<\/i> ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/span> th\u00e0nh: dhaja + \u0101ha\u1e6da<\/i>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, khi dhaj\u0101ha\u1e6d\u0101<\/i>s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t adjective (t\u0129nh t\u1eeb) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft<\/span><\/span> trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, hay nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i ph\u1ea9m, c\u0169ng h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f9 binh.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y, Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n t\u00fac lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/i>gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span>: \u201cV\u1ee3 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do chinh ph\u1ea1t<\/i><\/b>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00e0o, nh\u00e2n b\u1edfi l\u00fac chinh ph\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh; l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 vua ch\u00faa, nh\u00e2n v\u00ec \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch, l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecf h\u1ebft; ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c<\/span><\/span>, b\u1eaft l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh v.v.. c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5\u201d[25]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4 c\u1ee7a P\u0101li cho r\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1ng t\u00f9 b\u00ecnh: \u201cv\u1ee3 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00e0ng b\u1ecb \u0111em v\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f9 binh<\/i>\u201d[26]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1edb gi\u1ea3i Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span><\/i>B\u00ed-s\u00f4<\/i> c\u1ee7a P\u0101li, m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i Buddhaghosa gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span>dhaj\u0101ha\u1e6d\u0101 <\/i>nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cdhaj\u0101ha\u1e6d\u0101 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, khi \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1edd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u00e0ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft<\/span><\/span> \u0111em v\u1ec1, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn n\u00e0ng l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 dhaj\u0101ha\u1e6d\u0101<\/i>\u201d[27]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt Th\u1eadp <\/i>t<\/i>\u1ee5ng<\/i> c\u1ee7a Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101da g\u1ecdi \u2018ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1eafc\u2019 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u7834\u5f97 ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1eafc, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef) x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 v\u1ee3. Ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea1i do \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p<\/span><\/span> ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh, \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef), g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1eafc\u201d[28]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch C\u0103n b\u1ea3n thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> t\u1ef3-n\u1ea1i-da<\/i>, Ngh\u0129a T\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u2018\u738b\u65d7\u5a66 v\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee5\u2019 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt Th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng<\/i>[29]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f2n \u00a0l<\/i>u\u1eadt T\u1ee9 <\/i>p<\/i>h\u1ea7n<\/i> thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 Dharmaguptaka g\u1ecdi h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cbi\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/i>\u201d t\u1ee9c \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb bi\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/span> hay bi\u00ean th\u00f9y, lu\u1eadt ch\u00e9p: \u201cN\u00f4 t\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb bi\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u908a\u65b9\u5f97: do s\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d.[30]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng chung do b\u1edfi<\/span><\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong l\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh hay chinh ph\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

4\/ V\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung do s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0<\/span><\/span> Abidharma g\u1ecdi h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00dd l\u1ea1c<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0ph\u1ee5<\/b> \u610f\u6a02\u5a66, t\u1eeb P\u0101li (=sanskrit) chandav\u0101sin\u012b:<\/i> s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/span> th\u00e0nh chandav\u0101s\u012b+in\u012b<\/i>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung do t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do th\u00edch \u00fd<\/span><\/span>, mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb chandav\u0101sin\u012b<\/i> n\u00e0y trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> \u0f60\u0f51\u0f74\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f5e\u0f72 \u1e24dul-ba gshi <\/i>(Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n s\u1ef1<\/span><\/span><\/i>) thu\u1ed9c T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh<\/span><\/span><\/i>, th\u00f4ng tr\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec7 1Ka-4\u1e45a, No. 01, trang 1b1-302a5, do d\u1ecbch s\u01b0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> Dpal-gyi lhun-po, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb d\u1ecbch s\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span><\/span>: Sarvaj\u00f1\u0101deva, Vidy\u0101karaprabha, Dharm\u0101kara, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh<\/span><\/span>\u00a0 b\u1edfi: Vidy\u0101karaprabha v\u00e0 Dpal-brtsegs, b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u0f51\u0f51\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f58\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f51\u0f74\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0d dad sam du ‘dus pa<\/i> : \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/span>, t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> hay nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c \u0f51\u0f51\u0f0b: tin c\u1eady<\/span><\/span>, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u610f\u6a02 \u00fd l\u1ea1c<\/span><\/span>, Sanskrit c\u0169ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0101\u015baya<\/i>, thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb h\u1ed7n ch\u1ee7ng kh\u00f3 d\u1ecbch, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> do \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n \u0101-\u221a\u015b\u012b<\/i> n\u00ean Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 \u2018a-th\u1ebf-da\u2019, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span>, \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n, s\u1ef1 v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng<\/span><\/span>, th\u00edch \u00fd<\/span><\/span>, t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 khi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 th\u00e2m t\u00e2m<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y, Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n t\u00fac lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/i>gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span>: \u201cV\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung do s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n<\/i><\/b>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> y\u00eau th\u00edch, nguy\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m v\u1ee3, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung do s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n\u201d.[31]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4 c\u1ee7a P\u0101li g\u1ecdi h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span><\/span> cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span><\/span> tham mu\u1ed1n<\/span><\/span>: \u201ch\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span><\/span> ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span><\/span><\/i>\u201d[32]<\/a>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau s\u1ed1ng chung.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt Th\u1eadp <\/i>t<\/i>\u1ee5ng<\/i> c\u1ee7a Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101da g\u1ecdi h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u2018t\u1ef1 lai \u0111\u1eafc\u2019, lu\u1eadt ghi nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cT\u1ef1 lai \u0111\u1eafc<\/i>\u81ea\u4f86\u5f97, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef n\u00e0o, do t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc \u00e1i l\u1ea1c<\/span><\/span>, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 v\u1ee3\u201d[33]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch C\u0103n b\u1ea3n thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> t\u1ef3-n\u1ea1i-da<\/i> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018t\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c ph\u1ee5\u2019 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> r\u1eb1ng:\u00a0 \u201ct\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c ph\u1ee5 \u81ea\u6a02\u5a66, h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 do th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam m\u00ecnh th\u00edch, n\u00f3i: \u2018T\u00f4i vui l\u00f2ng<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng\u2019, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam \u0111\u00f3 li\u1ec1n d\u1eabn v\u1ec1, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c ph\u1ee5.\u201d[34]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span> Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> thu\u1ed9c Mahi\u015b\u0101saka (H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ed9\/Di-sa-t\u1eafc b\u1ed9) n\u00f3i h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng chung do s\u1edf th\u00edch<\/span><\/span>, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt <\/i>N<\/i>g\u0169 ph\u1ea7n<\/i>ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> r\u1eb1ng: \u201ct\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7m\u00a0\u81ea\u4efb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef s\u1ed1ng chung v\u00ec s\u1edf th\u00edch\u201d[35]<\/a> .<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f2n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span>l<\/i>u\u1eadt T\u1ee9 <\/i>p<\/i>h\u1ea7n<\/i> thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 Dharmaguptaka, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m t\u1ef3 n\u1eef: \u201cn\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1ef3 \u5a62 (T\u1ef3 n\u1eef), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 T\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m t\u1ef3 n\u1eef<\/i>: vui l\u00f2ng<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0m t\u1ef3 n\u1eef cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u201d, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span><\/span> trong Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4 c\u1ee7a P\u0101li: \u201cv\u1ee3 h\u1ea1ng n\u00f4 t\u1ef3, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 n\u00f4 t\u1ef3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 v\u1ee3\u201d[36]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1edb gi\u1ea3i <\/i>Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4<\/i> c\u1ee7a P\u0101li v\u1ec1 \u201cv\u1ee3 h\u1ea1ng n\u1eef t\u1ef3<\/i>\u201d gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cN\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u00e0. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1ed3i san s\u1ebd cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi n\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t m\u00e0 n\u00f3i h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng chung do b\u1edfi<\/span><\/span> t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, s\u1edf th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> hay s\u1ef1 tin c\u1eady<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

5\/ V\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung v\u00ec th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 y ph\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0<\/span><\/span> Abidharma g\u1ecdi h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m l\u00e0 Y th\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5<\/b> \u8863\u98df\u5a66, P\u0101li g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 pa\u1e6dav\u0101sin\u012b<\/i>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 sau khi cho \u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y, Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n t\u00fac lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/i>gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span>: \u201cV\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung v\u00ec th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 y ph\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, do v\u00ec th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 y ph\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, nguy\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m v\u1ee3, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung v\u00ec th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 y ph\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>.\u201d[37]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4 c\u1ee7a P\u0101li kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span><\/span> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn y ph\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>: \u201ch\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho y ph\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>.\u201d[38]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1edb gi\u1ea3i <\/i>Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4<\/i> c\u1ee7a P\u0101li n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cV\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung v\u00ec y ph\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>: \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> v\u1ee3 sau khi nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y y ph\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> cho d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng<\/span><\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt T\u1ee9 <\/i>p<\/i>h\u1ea7n<\/i> thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 Dharmaguptaka, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 l\u00e0m n\u00f4 t\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y ph\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, lu\u1eadt ch\u00e9p:\u00a0 \u201cL\u00e0m n\u00f4 t\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1o: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng y ph\u1ee5c\u201d[39]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span> Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101da \u0111\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n t\u00fac lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/i>, lu\u1eadt<\/i>Ng\u0169 ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span><\/i>ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> r\u1eb1ng: \u201cY th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eafc\u8863\u98df\u5f97, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng, do b\u1edfi<\/span><\/span> \u0103n m\u1eb7c<\/span><\/span>, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 v\u1ee3, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 y th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eafc\u201d[40]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f2n C\u0103n b\u1ea3n thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> t\u1ef3-n\u1ea1i-da<\/i>, Ngh\u0129a T\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u2018y th\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5\u2019, v\u0103n lu\u1eadt ch\u00e9p r\u00f5: \u201c\u8863\u98df\u5a66 y th\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1eef<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0o, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam kia, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u2018\u00d4ng n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecbu cung c\u1ea5p<\/span><\/span> cho ta \u0103n u\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 y ph\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng\u2019, \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 y th\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5\u201d[41]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng chung v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 y ph\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

6\/ V\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung do h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/span><\/span> m\u01b0u sinh.<\/span><\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0<\/span><\/span> Abidharma g\u1ecdi h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t ph\u1ee5<\/b> \u540c\u6d3b\u5a66, trong Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4 c\u1ee7a P\u0101li kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kammak\u0101r\u012b<\/i>: h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng\/ch\u1ea5p t\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y, Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n t\u00fac lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/i>gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span>: \u201cV\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung do h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/span><\/span> m\u01b0u sinh<\/i><\/b>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam r\u1eb1ng: \u2018T\u00f4i \u0111em th\u00e2n n\u00e0y, nguy\u1ec7n xin ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c cho nhau, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u1ee7a anh, c\u00f9ng chung<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c, h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/span> sinh t\u1ed3n<\/span><\/span>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, mong m\u1ecfi<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 con ch\u00e1u, \u0111\u1ec3 sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 c\u00fang t\u1ebf\u2019, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung do h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/span><\/span> m\u01b0u sinh\u201d[42]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i Ngh\u0129a T\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span>, trong C\u0103n b\u1ea3n thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> t\u1ef3-n\u1ea1i-da<\/i> d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u2018c\u1ed9ng ho\u1ea1t\u00a0ph\u1ee5\u2019, v\u0103n lu\u1eadt ch\u00e9p: \u201cc\u1ed9ng ho\u1ea1t ph\u1ee5 \u5171\u6d3b\u5a66, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1eef<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0o \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u2018Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u00e0i v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ta v\u00e0 t\u00e0i v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, h\u1ee3p chung l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng\u2019, \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng ho\u1ea1t ph\u1ee5\u201d[43]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt T\u1ee9 <\/i>p<\/i>h\u1ea7n<\/i> thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 Dharmaguptaka n\u00f3i h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y do l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p chung<\/span><\/span>: \u201cN\u00f4 t\u1ef3 do h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/span><\/span>: \u0110\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u540c\u696d, c\u00f9ng sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span><\/span> ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p chung<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng.\u201d[44]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f2n Th\u1eadp <\/i>t<\/i>\u1ee5ng<\/i>lu\u1eadt <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> b\u1edfi Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101da, th\u00ec n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 do hi\u1ec7p chung ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng: \u201cHi\u1ec7p sinh \u5408\u751f, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef n\u00e0o n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam: \u2018T\u00e0i v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3, t\u00e0i v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ta c\u00f3, n\u1ebfu sinh con trai, con g\u00e1i s\u1ebd cung d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span><\/span> ta, v.v..\u2019 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p sinh\u201d[45]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4 v\u0103n h\u1ec7 P\u0101li kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4 c\u1ee7a P\u0101li g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ee3 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng\u201d, v\u0103n lu\u1eadt ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cV\u1ee3 h\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5p t\u00e1c\/nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 v\u1ee3\u201d[46]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, tr\u1eeb Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4 v\u0103n h\u1ec7 P\u0101li ra, h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng chung v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span><\/span> sinh t\u1ed3n<\/span><\/span> hay v\u00ec hi\u1ec7p chung t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

7\/ V\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung trong tho\u00e1ng ch\u1ed1c.<\/span><\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0<\/span><\/span> Abidharma g\u1ecdi h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Tu du<\/span><\/span> ph\u1ee5<\/b> \u9808\u81fe\u5a66, t\u1eeb \u2018tu du\u2019 Sanskrit g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 muh\u016brta<\/i>, P\u0101li g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 muhutta, <\/i>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian<\/span><\/span> r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn, m\u1ed9t tho\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t, m\u1ed9t tho\u00e1ng qua.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> \u0f60\u0f51\u0f74\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f5e\u0f72 \u1e24dul-ba gshi <\/i>(Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n s\u1ef1<\/span><\/span><\/i>) d\u00f9ng \u0f61\u0f74\u0f51\u0f0b\u0f59\u0f58\u0f0b yud tsam<\/i>, trong ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> t\u1eeb \u0f61\u0f74\u0f51\u0f0b\u0f59\u0f58\u0f0b yud tsam<\/i> d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho 1\/30 th\u1eddi gian<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch Anh l\u00e0: moment\/ instant, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t hay tho\u00e1ng ch\u1ed1c, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 phi\u1ebfm ch\u1ec9 th\u1eddi gian<\/span><\/span> r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y, Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n t\u00fac lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/i>gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span>: \u201cV\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung trong tho\u00e1ng ch\u1ed1c<\/i><\/b>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef n\u00e0o y\u00eau th\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u1ee3, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung trong tho\u00e1ng ch\u1ed1c\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4 c\u1ee7a P\u0101li ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cV\u1ee3 trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecnh tho\u00e1ng qua.\u201d[48]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt<\/i>Th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng<\/i>gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng do g\u1eb7p nhau<\/span><\/span> trong m\u1ed9t tho\u00e1ng qua: \u201ctu du \u0111\u1eafc\u00a0\u9808\u81fe\u5f97, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nhau trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t, \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tu du<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1eafc\u201d[49]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0103n b\u1ea3n thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> t\u1ef3-n\u1ea1i-da<\/i> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, ng\u00e0i Ngh\u0129a t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201ctu du\u201d, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng trong Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n t\u00fac lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/i>, v\u0103n ch\u00e9p: \u201ctu du ph\u1ee5, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u1ee3, \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tu du<\/span><\/span> ph\u1ee5\u201d[50]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span>, h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng chung ch\u1ec9 trong tho\u00e1ng ch\u1ed1c hay nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

III\/T\u1ed4NG K\u1ebeT.<\/span><\/h3>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady theo Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4 c\u1ee7a P\u0101li ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i v\u1ee3, m\u00e0 s\u00e1u h\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n t\u00fac lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/i>, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1n\u00a0 h\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

– V\u1ee3 h\u1ea1ng n\u1eef t\u1ef3<\/i><\/b> (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> \u1edf m\u1ee5c 4)<\/span><\/p>\n

– V\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng<\/i><\/b> (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> \u1edf m\u1ee5c 6).<\/span><\/p>\n

– V\u1ee3 do n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1<\/span><\/span> g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b>, Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4 c\u1ee7a P\u0101li n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cV\u1ee3 do n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1<\/span><\/span> g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng<\/span><\/span> ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sau khi l\u1ea5y xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec7m l\u00f3t \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u (\u0111\u1ec3 mang v\u00e1c), (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng) gi\u1eef (c\u00f4 \u1ea5y) s\u1ed1ng chung (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ee3)[51]<\/a>.\u00a0 Ph\u1ea7n s\u1edb gi\u1ea3i Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> B\u00ed-s\u00f4 c\u1ee7a P\u0101li gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> chi ti\u1ebft<\/span><\/span>: \u201cv\u1ee3 do n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1<\/span><\/span> g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng<\/span><\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee7i, v.v… Sau khi l\u1ea5y xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u1ea5y t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec7m l\u00f3t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng r\u1ed3i \u0111em v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng chung \u1edf trong nh\u00e0.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

–V\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung v\u00ec t\u00e0i v\u1eadt<\/i><\/b>: \u201cV\u1ee3 s\u1ed1ng chung v\u00ec t\u00e0i v\u1eadt ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sau khi bi\u1ebfu x\u00e9n t\u00e0i v\u1eadt, (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng) gi\u1eef (n\u00e0ng) s\u1ed1ng chung (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u1ee3).\u201d[52]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, qua c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta<\/span><\/span> th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n l\u1ec5<\/span><\/span> \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt kh\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef c\u1ee7a ngu\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng hang v\u1ee3 v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00e0o \u201c\u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p h\u00e0nh, h\u00e0nh phi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i giao h\u1ed9i, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh, h\u00e0nh n\u01a1i phi \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span>, phi l\u1ec5<\/span><\/span> ti\u1ebft, phi x\u1ee9, v\u00e0 phi th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0 h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> trong c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c\u201d[53]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00f4 tr\u1ee5<\/span><\/span> x\u1ee9 am,<\/span> m\u00f9a An c\u01b0<\/span><\/span> \u0110inh D\u1eadu<\/span>
\nPh\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u00ean<\/span>
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[1]<\/a>Nik\u0101ya <\/i>do \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb Ni-k\u0101ya<\/i>: th\u00e2n, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, ph\u1ea7n, hi\u1ec7p t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 lo\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[2]<\/a> \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00fa P\u0101li, A. 10. Bhariy\u0101sutta\u1e43<\/i>: Satta kho im\u0101, suj\u0101te, purisassa bhariy\u0101yo. Katam\u0101 satta? Vadhakasam\u0101, cor\u012bsam\u0101, ayyasam\u0101, m\u0101t\u0101sam\u0101, bhagin\u012bsam\u0101, sakh\u012bsam\u0101, d\u0101s\u012bsam\u0101<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[3]<\/a>Dharmaskandha,<\/i> \u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8\u6cd5\u860a\u8db3\u8ad6 \u00a0A-t\u00ec-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma<\/i>Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n t\u00fac lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/i>, truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean so\u1ea1n, Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng d\u1ecbch, 12 quy\u1ec3n. T26 No 1537, n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3i l\u00e0 do \u0100rya-\u015a\u0101riputra, t\u1ee9c T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t so\u1ea1n. B\u1ea3n Skt. hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3<\/span><\/span> th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u1edf Fragmente des Dharmaskandha. Ein Abhidharma-Text in Sanskrit aus Gilgit, <\/i>Dietz, Siglinde und Siglinde Dietz: Verlag: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, (1984). B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span>: chos kyi phung po’i mdo<\/i> \u0f46\u0f7c\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f40\u0fb1\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f55\u0f74\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f7c\u0f0b, trong Narthang Kanjur: Mdo sde<\/i>, Delhi, volume 66, mdo sde (wa), Pages 79 \u2013 94.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[4]<\/a> Xem b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n t\u00fac lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/i>, Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u00ean d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n Sansktit v\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> d\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean, thu\u1ed9c Ph\u1ea9m 1. H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, m\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n t\u00e0 h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> trong c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c. Cf. H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch, Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> 1<\/i>, tr. 0456b.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[5]<\/a> \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00fa P\u0101li, (vin. iii<\/i>, tr.139): Dasa bhariy\u0101yo \u2013 dhanakk\u012bt\u0101 chandav\u0101sin\u012b bhogav\u0101sin\u012b pa\u1e6dav\u0101sin\u012b odapattakin\u012b obha\u1e6dacumba\u1e6d\u0101 d\u0101s\u012b ca bhariy\u0101 ca kammak\u0101r\u012b ca bhariy\u0101 ca dhaj\u0101ha\u1e6d\u0101 muhuttik\u0101.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[6]<\/a>Th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng 3<\/i>, tr. 18c14: \u7d22\u5f97 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eafc, \u6c34 \u5f97 th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1eafc, \u7834\u5f97 ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1eafc, \u81ea\u4f86\u5f97 t\u1ef1 lai \u0111\u1eafc,\u4ee5\u8863\u98df\u5f97 d\u0129 y th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eafc, \u5408\u751f\u5f97 h\u1ee3p sanh \u0111\u1eafc<\/span><\/span>, \u9808\u81fe\u5f97 tu du<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1eafc.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[7]<\/a>A Catalogue of the Buddhist Tripitaka<\/i>, Authors, Bunyiu Nanjio, Lokesh Chandra. Publisher, Lokesh Chandra, 1980<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[8]<\/a> Bagchi, S ed., Buddhist Sanskrit Texts No. 16,<\/i>M\u016blasarv\u0101stiv\u0101da-vinayavastu<\/i>, Darbhanga: The Mithila Institute, 1967.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[9]<\/a>\u00a0 Cf. Journal Asiatique,<\/i> v.220, 1932.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[10]<\/a> V\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> xin xem: Shih-sung-lu and the Reconstruction of the Original Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101da Vinaya<\/i>, A Research Journal of the Department of Buddhist Studies<\/i>, University of Delhi, Vol XV, March, 1991, bi\u00ean t\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> Sanghasen Singh. p. 46 \u2013 51.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[11]<\/a>Asiatic Research<\/i>, Vol. xx, see pp. 45ff.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[12]<\/a> Quy\u1ec3n 12, tr. 0686b15: th\u1ee7y th\u1ecd, t\u00e0i phinh, v\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef3, t\u01b0 l\u1ea1c, y th\u1ef1c, c\u1ed9ng ho\u1ea1t, tu du<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[13]<\/a> Quy\u1ec3n 5, T23n1443, tr. 0932a01.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[14]<\/a>\u00a0 T\u1ee5ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span><\/span>, T24n1459, tr.0624b07.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[16]<\/a> Xem b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t, Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>, <\/i>ibid., ph\u1ea9m 1. H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[17]<\/a>Th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng 3<\/i>, tr. 18c17: \u6c34\u5f97\u8005, \u82e5\u4eba\u6349\u624b\u4ee5 \u6c34\u704c\u638c\u8207\u5973\u4f5c\u5a66, \u662f\u540d\u6c34\u5f97.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[18]<\/a> \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00fa P\u0101li (Vin. iii.<\/i> tr.139): odapattakin\u012b n\u0101ma udakapatta\u1e43 \u0101masitv\u0101 v\u0101seti<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[19]<\/a> Cf. S\u0101ratthad\u012bpan\u012b-\u1e6d\u012bk\u0101-1<\/i>, c\u1ee7a P\u0101li Text Society (PTS).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[20]<\/a> Dutt, Nalinaksa ed., Gilgit Manuscripts<\/i>, Vol III. Delhi : Sri Satguru Publications,1984. Cf. Bagchi, S ed., Buddhist Sanskrit Texts No. 16 M\u016blasarv\u0101stiv\u0101da-vinayavastu<\/i>. Darbhanga: The Mithila Institute, 1967.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[21]<\/a>C\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span><\/i>, ibid., tr.0686b23tt.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[22]<\/a>T\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span> 1<\/i>, n\u00f3i h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, (tr.583b)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[23]<\/a> Xem b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t, Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>, <\/i>ibid., ph\u1ea9m 1. H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[24]<\/a> \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00fa P\u0101li (Vin. iii.<\/i> tr.139): Dhanakk\u012bt\u0101 n\u0101ma dhanena ki\u1e47itv\u0101 v\u0101seti<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[25]<\/a> Xem b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t, Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>, <\/i>ibid., ph\u1ea9m 1. H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[26]<\/a> \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00fa P\u0101li (Vin. iii.<\/i> tr.139): Dhaj\u0101ha\u1e6d\u0101 n\u0101ma karamar\u0101n\u012bt\u0101 vuccati<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[27]<\/a> \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00fa P\u0101li, Vin.A..iii<\/i>, 555 (\u1e6c\u012bk\u0101).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[28]<\/a>Th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng 3<\/i>, tr.18c18.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[29]<\/a>C\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> 12<\/i> ibid, tr.0686b23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[30]<\/a>T\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span> 1<\/i>, tr. 583b.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[31]<\/a> Xem b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t, Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>, <\/i>ibid., ph\u1ea9m 1. H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[32]<\/a> \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00fa P\u0101li (Vin.iii. <\/i>tr.139): chandav\u0101sin\u012b n\u0101ma piyo piya\u1e43 v\u0101seti<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[33]<\/a>Th\u1eadp <\/i>t<\/i>\u1ee5ng 3<\/i>, <\/i>tr. 18c19-c21.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[34]<\/a>C\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> 12<\/i>, ibid. tr. 686b27.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[35]<\/a>Ng\u0169 ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span> 2<\/i>, tr.0012c13.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[36]<\/a> \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00fa P\u0101li (Vin.iii.<\/i>tr.139): d\u0101s\u012b ceva hoti bhariy\u0101 ca.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[37]<\/a> Xem b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t, Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>, <\/i>ibid., ph\u1ea9m 1. H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[38]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00fa P\u0101li (Vin.iii.<\/i>tr.139): pa\u1e6dav\u0101sin\u012b n\u0101ma pa\u1e6da\u1e43 datv\u0101 v\u0101seti<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[39]<\/a>T\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span> 1<\/i>, tr. 583b.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[40]<\/a>Th\u1eadp <\/i>t<\/i>\u1ee5ng 3<\/i>, tr.18c21.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[41]<\/a>C\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> 12<\/i>, ibid., tr.932a17.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[42]<\/a> Xem b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t, Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>, <\/i>ibid., ph\u1ea9m 1. H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[43]<\/a>C\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> 12<\/i>, tr. 686c02.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[44]<\/a>T\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span> 1, <\/i>tr. 583b.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[45]<\/a>Th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng 3<\/i>, tr. 18c23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[46]<\/a> \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00fa P\u0101li\u00a0 (Vin.iii<\/i>.<\/i>tr.139):\u00a0 Kammak\u0101r\u012b n\u0101ma kammak\u0101r\u012b ceva hoti bhariy\u0101 ca<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[47]<\/a> Xem b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t, Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>, <\/i>ibid., ph\u1ea9m 1. H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[48]<\/a> Vin.iii.tr.139: <\/i>Muhuttik\u0101 n\u0101ma ta\u1e45kha\u1e47ik\u0101 vuccati<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[49]<\/a>Th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng 3<\/i>, tr.18c24.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[50]<\/a>C\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> 12<\/i>, tr.686c04.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[51]<\/a> \u00a0Vin.iii.tr.139<\/i>: Obha\u1e6dacumba\u1e6d\u0101 n\u0101ma cumba\u1e6da\u1e43 oropetv\u0101 v\u0101seti.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[52]<\/a> (Vin.iii.tr.139): Bhogav\u0101sin\u012b n\u0101ma bhoga\u1e43 datv\u0101 v\u0101seti<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[53]<\/a> Xem b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t, Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>, <\/i>ibid., ph\u1ea9m 1. H\u1ecdc x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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