{"id":7848,"date":"2020-12-06T00:59:31","date_gmt":"2020-12-05T17:59:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/06\/nghien-cuu-ve-thu-huong-tai-sanh-qua-dau-hieu-nong-lanh-cua-than-the\/"},"modified":"2020-12-06T00:59:31","modified_gmt":"2020-12-05T17:59:31","slug":"nghien-cuu-ve-thu-huong-tai-sanh-qua-dau-hieu-nong-lanh-cua-than-the","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/06\/nghien-cuu-ve-thu-huong-tai-sanh-qua-dau-hieu-nong-lanh-cua-than-the\/","title":{"rendered":"Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u V\u1ec1 Th\u00fa H\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e1i Sanh Qua D\u1ea5u Hi\u1ec7u N\u00f3ng, L\u1ea1nh C\u1ee7a Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3"},"content":{"rendered":"

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NGHI\u00caN C\u1ee8U<\/span><\/span> V\u1ec0 TH\u00da H\u01af\u1edaNG T\u00c1I SANH<\/span><\/span> <\/span>
QUA D\u1ea4U HI\u1ec6U N\u00d3NG, L\u1ea0NH C\u1ee6A TH\u00c2N TH\u1ec2<\/span><\/span> <\/span>

Ch\u00fac Ph\u00fa<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"Nghi\u00ean

Trong t\u00edn ni\u1ec7m v\u00e3ng sanh<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n, \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span><\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span><\/span> t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3ng, l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u00fa h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1i sanh<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. Ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 ni\u1ec7m<\/span><\/span> chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m<\/span><\/span> theo d\u00f5i<\/span><\/span> vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hoan c\u1ea3m, khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2m t\u1eed b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd cho l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ee5y t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d (\u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? V\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/span><\/span> th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o? N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span><\/span> gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p<\/span><\/span> t\u1ed3n nghi n\u00eau tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3ng, l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> trong th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc<\/span><\/span> l\u00e2m chung<\/span><\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3ng, l\u1ea1nh.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span><\/span>, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh<\/i> l\u00e0m ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u00e3ng sanh<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> trong \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ea1ng kinh<\/span><\/span> ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span>, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> sau.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> c\u1ef1c t\u00edn l\u1ee5c<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 n\u00f3ng, l\u1ea1nh trong th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1eeb T\u1ee5c t\u1ea1ng kinh<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 63, s\u1ed1 1194, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> c\u1ef1c t\u00edn l\u1ee5c<\/i> (\u6de8\u571f\u6975\u4fe1\u9304) do ng\u00e0i Tr\u00ed Thi\u1ec7n Gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/span> H\u01b0\u01a1ng (\u667a\u5584\u6212\u9999) vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m T\u00e2n M\u00f9i ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ed3ng Tr\u1ecb (\u540c\u6cbb\u8f9b\u672a), t\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1871, \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Thanh (1644-1912). Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n quan<\/span><\/span> \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng, l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span><\/span>, g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 B\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3ng, l\u1ea1nh<\/i>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9802\u8056\u773c\u5929\u751f<\/span>
\u4eba\u5fc3\u9913\u9b3c\u8179<\/span>
\u508d\u751f\u819d\u84cb\u96e2<\/span>
\u5730\u7344\u811a\u677f\u51fa<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u sanh Th\u00e1nh, m\u1eaft l\u00ean Tr\u1eddi.
<\/i>Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7<\/span><\/span> \u1edf b\u1ee5ng, tim l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi.
<\/i>B\u00e0ng sanh<\/span><\/span> th\u00ec tho\u00e1t \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i.
<\/i>Tho\u00e1t \u1edf b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> sanh.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi n\u00eau ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> c\u1ef1c t\u00edn l\u1ee5c<\/i> (\u6de8\u571f\u6975\u4fe1\u9304) kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau d\u1eabn c\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span> d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span> H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span><\/span> r\u1eb1ng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span> t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/span> \u1edf th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Minh (1368-1644).<\/span><\/p>\n

2. B\u00e1t th\u1ee9c quy c\u1ee7 b\u1ed5 ch\u00fa<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> B\u00e1t th\u1ee9c quy c\u1ee7 b\u1ed5 ch\u00fa<\/span><\/span><\/i> (\u516b\u8b58\u898f\u77e9\u88dc\u8a3b) do ng\u00e0i Ph\u1ed5 Th\u00e1i (\u666e\u6cf0) vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m T\u00e2n M\u00f9i, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c (\u6b63\u5fb7\u8f9b\u672a), t\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1511, tri\u1ec1u vua Minh V\u0169 T\u00f4ng (1491-1521). T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> hi\u1ec7n thu l\u1ee5c trong t\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh, t\u1eadp 45, s\u1ed1 1865.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c, tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/span>, khi l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9c t\u00e1m, th\u00ec ng\u00e0i Ph\u1ed5 Th\u00e1i (\u666e\u6cf0) \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn<\/span><\/span> b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> n\u00eau tr\u00ean. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span>, ng\u00e0i Ph\u1ed5 Th\u00e1i c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng, b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1eeb kinh T\u1ea1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> [01]<\/i>. Kinh T\u1ea1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span><\/i> (\u96dc\u5bf6\u85cf\u7d93) thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 B\u1ed5n duy\u00ean<\/i>, g\u1ed3m 10 quy\u1ec3n, mang s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u 023, thu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp 4 trong t\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh. Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t 10 quy\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span><\/span> nguy\u00ean v\u0103n b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i Ph\u1ed5 Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau d\u1eabn! Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/span>, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i m\u1edf trong B\u00e1t th\u1ee9c quy c\u1ee7 b\u1ed5 ch\u00fa<\/span><\/span>, <\/i>ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n B\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3ng, l\u1ea1nh<\/i> n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> mang t\u00ednh b\u00e1ch khoa Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> \u1edf th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ebf<\/span><\/span> k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VII.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Ph\u00e1p uy\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u l\u00e2m<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p uy\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u l\u00e2m<\/span><\/span><\/i> (\u6cd5\u82d1\u73e0\u6797) do ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1o Th\u1ebf<\/span><\/span> (\u9053\u4e16 ?-683)[02]\u00a0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n<\/span><\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi vua \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Cao T\u00f4ng (628-683), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu l\u1ee5c v\u00e0o t\u1eadp 53, mang s\u1ed1 2122 thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh. Trong th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n, Ph\u00e1p uy\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u l\u00e2m<\/span><\/span><\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0<\/span><\/span> m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 b\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0 v\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span>, Ph\u00e1p uy\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u l\u00e2m<\/span><\/span><\/i> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c chi ti\u1ebft<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00f4n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp m\u1ea1ng chung<\/span><\/span>, ki\u1ec3m tra<\/span><\/span> tr\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3ng hay l\u1ea1nh th\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/span><\/span> th\u1ee5 sinh<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0nh hay d\u1eef.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0 <\/i>ghi: \u201cLo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 phi s\u1eafc phi t\u00e2m<\/span><\/span>, th\u00e2n gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1m l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 nhanh ch\u1eadm. C\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u1ef1<\/span><\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n, khi ch\u1ebft n\u1ebfu s\u1edd th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed1n, t\u1eeb r\u1ed1n l\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u01a1i \u1ea5m, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi h\u1ebft h\u1eb5n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd sinh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span> trong c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/span>. N\u1ebfu s\u1edd th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t \u1ea5m, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi h\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<\/span><\/span>. C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u00e1c th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu s\u1edd th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng c\u00f2n h\u01a1i \u1ea5m, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi h\u1ebft h\u1eb3n th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o lo\u00e0i ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7<\/span><\/span>. N\u1ebfu s\u1edd th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i c\u00f2n h\u01a1i \u1ea5m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u1ebft sinh v\u00e0o lo\u00e0i s\u00fac sanh<\/span><\/span>. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n c\u00f2n h\u01a1i \u1ea5m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>. B\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/span> khi nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n th\u00ec \u1ea5m \u1edf tim ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d[03]<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn v\u1eeba n\u00eau, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span><\/span> r\u1eb1ng, B\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn trong T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> c\u1ef1c t\u00edn l\u1ee5c<\/i> \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed3ng Tr\u1ecb (1856-1875) nh\u00e0 Thanh, v\u00e0 B\u00e1t th\u1ee9c quy c\u1ee7 b\u1ed5 ch\u00fa<\/span><\/span><\/i> \u1edf th\u1eddi Minh V\u0169 T\u00f4ng (1491-1521), c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p uy\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u l\u00e2m<\/span><\/span>,<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Cao T\u00f4ng (628-683). Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/span>, theo ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1o Th\u1ebf<\/span><\/span>, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p uy\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u l\u00e2m<\/span><\/span><\/i>, th\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 <\/i>v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1<\/i> do ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> (Vasubandhu) bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng<\/span><\/span> cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IV, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 V v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng (602-664) d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VII. T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 n\u00f3ng, l\u1ea1nh trong lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1<\/i> c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> tr\u00ean. Lu\u1eadn ghi:<\/span><\/p>\n

(H\u1ecfi): Trong khi l\u00e2m t\u1eed, th\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span><\/span>, th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t \u1edf ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0110\u00e1p): Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft b\u1ea5t th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh<\/span><\/span>, th\u00ec \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u0103n<\/span><\/span> c\u00f9ng l\u00fac<\/span><\/span> b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span>. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/span>, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd di\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span><\/span> \u1edf ch\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf tim. B\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda \u00e1c th\u00fa<\/span><\/span>, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00e3ng h\u1ea1 <\/i>(\u5f80\u4e0b). L\u00fac n\u00e0y, th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span><\/span> \u1edf ch\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu sinh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t \u1edf r\u1ed1n. N\u1ebfu sinh l\u00e0m Tr\u1eddi th\u00ec th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t \u1edf tim. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t sanh<\/span><\/span>, th\u1ee9c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span><\/span> s\u1ebd \u1edf tim v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tim m\u00e0 di\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn s\u01b0<\/span><\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u[04].<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, theo lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1<\/i>, th\u1ee9c r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede ch\u00e2n \u2013 \u0111\u1ecda \u00e1c th\u00fa<\/span><\/span> (\u8b02\u58ae\u60e1\u8da3\u8aaa\u540d\u5f80\u4e0b. \u5f7c\u8b58\u6700\u5f8c\u65bc\u8db3\u8655\u6ec5).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede r\u1ed1n \u2013 sinh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi (\u82e5\u5f80\u4eba\u8da3\u8b58\u6ec5\u65bc\u81cd).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede tim \u2013 sinh l\u00e0m Tr\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9ng A-la-h\u00e1n (\u8af8\u963f\u7f85\u6f22\u8aaa\u540d\u4e0d\u751f. \u5f7c\u6700\u5f8c\u5fc3\u4ea6\u5fc3\u8655\u6ec5\u3002\u6709\u9918\u5e2b\u8aaa. \u5f7c\u6ec5\u5728\u9802).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u \u2013 ch\u1ee9ng A-la-h\u00e1n (\u6709\u9918\u5e2b\u8aaa. \u5f7c\u6ec5\u5728\u9802).<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1<\/i> c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng, so v\u1edbi b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh trong T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i> c\u1ef1c t\u00edn l\u1ee5c<\/i>. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> Ph\u00e1p uy\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u l\u00e2m<\/span><\/span><\/i>, c\u0169ng n\u00eau ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/span> nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft<\/span><\/span>, nh\u01b0ng cho r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0-s\u01b0-\u0111\u1ecba<\/i>. V\u1eady th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t<\/span><\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ra sao?<\/span><\/p>\n

5. Lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ecba<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0-s\u01b0-\u0111\u1ecba<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 trong th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng, g\u1ed3m 100 quy\u1ec3n. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Di-l\u1eb7c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi ch\u00e9p l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span><\/span> (Asanga) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch ra ch\u1eef H\u00e1n l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng. Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng d\u1ecbch t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y trong v\u00f2ng<\/span><\/span> m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m Trinh Qu\u00e1n th\u1ee9 21 (647 TL) \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m Trinh Qu\u00e1n th\u1ee9 22 (648) th\u00ec ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span>[05]<\/i>. Theo ng\u00e0i Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf<\/span><\/span> trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> B\u00e0-t\u1ea9u-b\u00e0n-\u0111\u1eadu ph\u00e1p s\u01b0<\/span><\/span> truy\u1ec7n[06]<\/i>, th\u00ec V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 anh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n<\/span><\/span>, c\u1ea3 hai anh em l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gia<\/span><\/span> am t\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span>. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y, xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh, lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0<\/i> ghi:<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u1ebb t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c<\/span><\/span>, l\u00fac s\u1eafp m\u1ea1ng chung<\/span><\/span>, th\u00ec th\u1ee9c \u1edf n\u01a1i ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a, t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf, t\u1ee9c t\u1eeb<\/span><\/span> ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span><\/span> l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo theo th\u1ee9c d\u1ea5y kh\u1edfi. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span> x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> qu\u1ea3 t\u00ecm.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec th\u1ee9c \u1edf n\u01a1i ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a, t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf, t\u1ee9c t\u1eeb<\/span><\/span> ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span><\/span> l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo, theo th\u1ee9c d\u1ea5y kh\u1edfi, Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span> x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf cho t\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 tim. N\u00ean bi\u1ebft, sau th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 qu\u1ea3 tim l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf sau c\u00f9ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span><\/span> l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo lan kh\u1eafp to\u00e0n th\u00e2n<\/span><\/span>[07]<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0<\/i> kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span><\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft n\u01a1i th\u00e1c sanh<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0<\/i> kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span>, hay sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0m Th\u00e1nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u1eefa l\u00e0, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0<\/i> (thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec3n 51-54), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf<\/span><\/span> (499-569) d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng, mang t\u00ean l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> t\u1ea1ng[08]<\/i>, quy\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u0169ng ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo nh\u01b0<\/span><\/span> l\u00fac l\u00e2m chung<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u00e1c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0nh th\u00ec l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u, khi \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1nh th\u00ec m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span><\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c th\u00ec l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n, khi h\u01a1i \u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u00ec k\u1ebb \u1ea5y m\u1ea1ng chung<\/span><\/span>. \u00dd th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi<\/span><\/span> th\u00e2n. Th\u1ee9c A-la-da <\/i>(\u963f\u7f85\u8036\u8b58) gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span><\/span> th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span>. Th\u1ee9c A-la-da di\u1ec7t th\u00ec th\u00e2n s\u1ebd l\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tri gi\u00e1c<\/span><\/span>. Hai vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span>, nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c A-la-da[09].<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh<\/span><\/span> nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c 2 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0,<\/i> v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0<\/i> trong Ph\u00e1p uy\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u l\u00e2m<\/span><\/span><\/i> \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn trong Ph\u00e1p uy\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u l\u00e2m<\/span><\/span><\/i> c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> theo ch\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1o Th\u1ebf<\/span><\/span>, ho\u1eb7c do v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0<\/i>, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 n\u00f3ng, l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> trong lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0<\/i> kh\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span> t\u1ed1i c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

6. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> B\u1e5bhada\u0304ran\u0323yaka Upani\u1e63had<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> B\u1e5bhada\u0304ran\u0323yaka Upani\u1e63had<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kinh th\u01b0<\/span><\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng<\/span><\/span> 700 Tr.TL, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 Ti\u1ec3u ng\u00e3<\/span><\/span> (\u0100tman) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span>, si\u00eau h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/span>… N\u1ed9i dung li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span><\/span> n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV, \u0111o\u1ea1n 2.<\/span><\/p>\n

Anh ta tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> <\/i>(Ek\u012b-bhavati \u090f\u0915\u0940\u092d\u0935\u0924\u093f)[10], h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o, anh ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y. Anh ta tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span>, h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o anh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1eedi. Anh ta tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span>, h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o anh ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00f9i v\u1ecb<\/span><\/span>. Anh ta tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span>, h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o anh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i. Anh ta tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span>, h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o, anh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghe. Anh ta tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span>, h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o anh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129<\/span><\/span>. Anh ta tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span>, h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o anh ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m. Anh ta tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span>, h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o anh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c tri. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb tim anh ta b\u1ed7ng r\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 theo \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 <\/i>(\u0101tm\u0101 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e) s\u1ebd r\u1eddi \u0111i th\u00f4ng qua m\u1eaft, qua \u0111\u1ea7u hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. V\u00e0 khi t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 r\u1eddi xa, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng l\u00eca xa sau \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 khi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng r\u1eddi xa, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u sinh t\u1ed3n<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1eddi xa. Anh ta tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> Linh th\u1ee9c <\/i>(vij\u00f1\u0101na \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928)[11]. Linh th\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng ra \u0111i v\u1edbi anh ta bao g\u1ed3m<\/span><\/span> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> do h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span><\/span>, h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span><\/span> qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span><\/span><\/i> (p\u1fe1rva-praj\u00f1\u0101 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e [12] [13].<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo b\u1ea3n v\u0103n B\u1e5bhada\u0304ran\u0323yaka Upani\u1e63had<\/i>, th\u00ec linh h\u1ed3n<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> (pr\u0101\u1e47a<\/i>)[14]\u00a0s\u1ebd tho\u00e1t ra sau c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1eaft (cak\u1e63u\u1e63o<\/i>), th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ea7u (m\u1fe1rdhno<\/i>) ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span>. Trong khi lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o Swami Krishnananda (1922-2001) n\u00eau nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/span><\/span>: C\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span><\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu linh h\u1ed3n<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> (Pra\u0304n\u0323a) tho\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u00ec k\u1ebb \u1ea5y sinh l\u00ean c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/span> Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span><\/span><\/i> (The belief is that if the Pra\u0304n\u0323a departs through the crown of the head, one reaches Brahma-loka)[15].<\/span><\/p>\n

7. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 v\u00e3ng sanh<\/span><\/span>, theo m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n, l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span><\/span> \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span><\/span> tr\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba ch\u1ebft. Quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span>. B\u1ea3n v\u0103n T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> c\u1ef1c t\u00edn l\u1ee5c<\/i> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> trong T\u1ee5c t\u1ea1ng kinh<\/span><\/span> k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span> tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span><\/span> to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> B\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh<\/i> t\u1eeb t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> B\u00e1t th\u1ee9c quy c\u1ee7 b\u1ed5 ch\u00fa<\/span><\/span>.<\/i> C\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 B\u00e1t th\u1ee9c quy c\u1ee7 b\u1ed5 ch\u00fa<\/span><\/span><\/i> \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> N\u00f3ng, l\u1ea1nh<\/i> l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span><\/span> nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> Ph\u00e1p uy\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u l\u00e2m<\/span><\/span><\/i>. Xem ra<\/span><\/span>, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> t\u00e1i sanh<\/span><\/span> c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span>, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span><\/span> ti\u1ebfp bi\u1ebfn, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/span>, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span><\/span>, v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp s\u1ebfp theo ch\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u mang t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh B\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3ng, l\u1ea1nh<\/i>, ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> Ph\u00e1p uy\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u l\u00e2m<\/span><\/span><\/i>. Tuy t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span><\/span> hai ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1<\/i> v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0, <\/i>\u00a0nh\u01b0ng Ph\u00e1p uy\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u l\u00e2m<\/span><\/span><\/i> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft<\/span><\/span>. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span>, lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0<\/i> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp h\u01a1i \u1ea5m mang t\u00ednh chung, nh\u01b0ng khi d\u1eabn l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, Ph\u00e1p uy\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u l\u00e2m<\/span><\/span><\/i> t\u1ef1 th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/span> Th\u00e1nh, ph\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span>. Ch\u1ec9 x\u00e9t ri\u00eang ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u00e0m th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu theo B\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh,<\/i> th\u00ec h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u1edf tim, nh\u01b0ng theo lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1<\/i> th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u1edf r\u1ed1n (\u82e5\u5f80\u4eba\u8da3\u8b58\u6ec5\u65bc\u81cd). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/span> mang t\u00ednh ti\u00ean phong<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00e1i sanh<\/span><\/span> qua h\u01a1i \u1ea5m c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0<\/i>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/span>, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y gi\u1eefa lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0<\/i> v\u00e0 kinh th\u01b0<\/span><\/span> Upani\u1e63had<\/i> c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span>, lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0<\/i> ghi: N\u00ean bi\u1ebft, sau th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 qu\u1ea3 tim l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf sau c\u00f9ng<\/i> (\u7576\u77e5\u5f8c\u8b58\u552f\u5fc3\u8655\u6368)[16],<\/i> th\u00ec kinh th\u01b0<\/span><\/span> B\u1e5bhada\u0304ran\u0323yaka Upani\u1e63had<\/i> ch\u00e9p: C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb tim anh ta b\u1ed7ng r\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 theo \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 <\/i>(\u0101tm\u0101) s\u1ebd r\u1eddi \u0111i.<\/i> (Tasya haitasya h\u1e5bdayasy\u0101gram\u00a0 pradyotate, tena radyotenai\u1e63a \u0101tm\u0101 ni\u1e63kr\u0101mati)[17]. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eady, khi lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1<\/i> cho r\u1eb1ng: Trong khi m\u1ea1ng chung<\/span><\/span>, th\u00e2n c\u0103n<\/span><\/span> t\u1eeb t\u1eeb h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c n\u01a1i, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/span> d\u1ee9t h\u1eb5n. V\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span><\/span> r\u1ea3y ch\u00fat \u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 n\u00f3ng, th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd t\u1eeb t\u1eeb ti\u00eau m\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eady<\/i> (\u81e8\u547d\u7d42\u6642\u8eab\u6839\u6f38\u6ec5. \u81f3\u8db3\u7b49\u8655\u6b3b\u7136\u90fd\u6ec5. \u5982\u4ee5\u5c11\u6c34\u7f6e\u708e\u77f3\u4e0a. \u6f38\u6e1b\u6f38\u6d88\u4e00\u8655\u90fd\u76e1.\u53c8\u6f38\u547d\u7d42\u8005)[18]. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span><\/span>, kinh th\u01b0<\/span><\/span> B\u1e5bhada\u0304ran\u0323yaka Upani\u1e63had<\/i> cho r\u1eb1ng: t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 s\u1ebd r\u1eddi \u0111i th\u00f4ng qua m\u1eaft, qua \u0111\u1ea7u hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3<\/i> (\u0101tm\u0101 ni\u1e63kr\u0101mati, cak\u1e63u\u1e63o v\u0101 m\u1fe1rdhno v\u0101 anyebhyo v\u0101 \u015bar\u012bra-de\u015bebhya\u1e25)[19].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 giao thoa trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> n\u1ed9i dung gi\u1eefa lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0<\/i>, lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1<\/i> v\u00e0 kinh th\u01b0<\/span><\/span> B\u1e5bhada\u0304ran\u0323yaka Upani\u1e63had;<\/i> tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/span>, ch\u1ec9 x\u00e9t ri\u00eang s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng trong khi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

8. Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u mang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0<\/i>, th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng song h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span><\/span> v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch t\u1ee5<\/span><\/span> h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o, khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> trong gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i[20].<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> t\u00e1i sanh<\/span><\/span> c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Trong khi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span><\/span> cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129<\/span><\/span>, khi \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span><\/span> n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n th\u00e1c sanh<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c g\u00f5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> B\u1eb1ng-k\u1ef3-x\u00e0 (Vang\u012bsa)[21]\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span><\/span>, th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sanh<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc y c\u1ee9<\/span><\/span> tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span><\/span> nh\u1eefng t\u00edn ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb tri th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span><\/span>, mang t\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/span>, l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi xem ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1m tri\u1ec7u (\u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span>)<\/i>. V\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>, \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> (th\u1ee5y t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/span><\/i>) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span> trong hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/span><\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span><\/span>. B\u00e0i kinh<\/span><\/span> Mah\u0101mangala<\/i> trong kinh T\u1eadp<\/i> (Sn.46) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> b\u00e0i kinh<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> \u1edf chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> (Ja\u0304taka) s\u1ed1 87, 453, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea9m C\u00e1t t\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span><\/i> trong kinh Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa<\/span><\/span><\/i> B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n[22], l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng minh ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/span>, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span><\/span> nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea3m<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh<\/span><\/span>, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span><\/span> sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/span>, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span><\/span> Mah\u0101n\u0101ma khi \u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span>, nh\u01b0: Con g\u1eb7p con voi cu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea1y; con g\u1eb7p con ng\u1ef1a cu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea1y; con g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea1y; con g\u1eb7p c\u1ed7 xe l\u1edbn cu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea1y; con g\u1eb7p c\u1ed7 xe nh\u1ecf cu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea1y[23];<\/i> n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 trong l\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/span><\/span>, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span><\/span> ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span><\/span> Tam b\u1ea3o<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebft ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span><\/span> T\u1ee9 b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1i t\u00edn<\/span><\/span><\/i>, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u01b0u t\u01b0<\/span><\/span> n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n th\u00e1c sanh<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng la r\u1ea7y nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb c\u01b0<\/span><\/span> s\u0129, khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n li\u1ec1n h\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> k\u1ebb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd sinh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u, Ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u<\/span><\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span>[24]<\/i>. T\u1eeb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y kinh Ph\u00e1p k\u00ednh<\/span><\/span>[25]<\/i>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1i t\u00edn<\/span><\/span><\/i>, xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n t\u00e1i sanh<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, tri th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng, l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00eca tr\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eefng ch\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i th\u00e1c sanh<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/span>, v\u00ec m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span><\/span> l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> trong nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n
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[01]\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 45 \u518a No. 1865 \u516b\u8b58\u898f\u77e9\u88dc\u8a3b\u5377\u4e0b. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u4f9d\u6191\u7d93(\u5373\u96dc\u5bf6\u85cf\u7d93).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[02]\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 49 \u518a No. 2036 \u4f5b\u7956\u6b77\u4ee3\u901a\u8f09, \u5377\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[03]\u00a0Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0<\/span><\/span> \u0110\u1ea1o Th\u1ebf<\/span><\/span>, H\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa<\/span><\/span> v\u01b0\u1eddn ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span><\/i> (Ph\u00e1p uy\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u l\u00e2m<\/span><\/span>), t\u1eadp 7, Th\u00edch Nguy\u00ean Ch\u01a1n, ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, NXB. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, 2011, tr.570.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[04]\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 29 \u518a No. 1558 \u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8\u4ff1\u820d\u8ad6, \u5377\u7b2c\u5341. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u65bc\u547d\u7d42\u4f4d\u4f55\u8eab\u5206\u4e2d\u8b58\u6700\u5f8c\u6ec5. \u9813\u547d\u7d42\u8005\u610f\u8b58\u8eab\u6839\u6b3b\u7136\u7e3d\u6ec5. \u82e5\u6f38\u6b7b\u8005\u5f80\u4e0b\u4eba\u5929.\u65bc\u8db3\u9f4a\u5fc3\u5982\u6b21\u8b58\u6ec5. \u8b02\u58ae\u60e1\u8da3\u8aaa\u540d\u5f80\u4e0b. \u5f7c\u8b58\u6700\u5f8c\u65bc\u8db3\u8655\u6ec5. \u82e5\u5f80\u4eba\u8da3\u8b58\u6ec5\u65bc\u81cd\u82e5\u5f80\u751f\u5929\u8b58\u6ec5\u5fc3\u8655. \u8af8\u963f\u7f85\u6f22\u8aaa\u540d\u4e0d\u751f. \u5f7c\u6700\u5f8c\u5fc3\u4ea6\u5fc3\u8655\u6ec5. \u6709\u9918\u5e2b\u8aaa. \u5f7c\u6ec5\u5728\u9802.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[05]\u00a0Lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0-s\u01b0-\u0111\u1ecba<\/i>, t\u1eadp 1, Nguy\u00ean Hu\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> d\u1ecbch, NXB.H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c, 2013, tr.11.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[06] \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 50 \u518a No. 2049 \u5a46\u85ea\u69c3\u8c46\u6cd5\u5e2b\u50b3.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[07]\u00a0Lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0-s\u01b0-\u0111\u1ecba<\/i>, t\u1eadp 1, Nguy\u00ean Hu\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> d\u1ecbch, NXB.H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c, 2013, tr. 31. Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c: \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 30 \u518a No. 1579 \u745c\u4f3d\u5e2b\u5730\u8ad6, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e00. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u53c8\u5c07\u7d42\u6642. \u4f5c\u60e1\u696d\u8005. \u8b58\u65bc\u6240\u4f9d\u5f9e\u4e0a\u5206\u6368. \u5373\u5f9e\u4e0a\u5206\u51b7\u89f8\u96a8\u8d77. \u5982\u6b64\u6f38\u6368\u4e43\u81f3\u5fc3\u8655. \u9020\u5584\u696d\u8005. \u8b58\u65bc\u6240\u4f9d\u5f9e\u4e0b\u5206\u6368. \u5373\u5f9e\u4e0b\u5206\u51b7\u89f8\u96a8\u8d77. \u5982\u6b64\u6f38\u6368\u4e43\u81f3\u5fc3\u8655. \u7576\u77e5\u5f8c\u8b58\u552f\u5fc3\u8655\u6368. \u5f9e\u6b64\u51b7\u89f8\u904d\u6eff\u6240\u4f9d.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[08]\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 30 \u518a No. 1584 \u6c7a\u5b9a\u85cf\u8ad6.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[09]\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 30 \u518a No. 1584 \u6c7a\u5b9a\u85cf\u8ad6. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u5982\u5584\u60e1\u4e8c\u4eba\u81e8\u547d\u7d42\u6642. \u5584\u4eba\u8db3\u51b7\u7156\u4e0a\u81f3\u9802.\u9802\u82e5\u51b7\u6642\u4eba\u547d\u5373\u6ec5.\u60e1\u4eba\u6b7b\u6642\u5f9e\u9802\u51b7\u81f3\u8db3\u7156\u6c23\u6ec5\u6642\u6b64\u4eba\u547d\u7d42. \u610f\u8b58\u5e38\u5728\u8eab. \u963f\u7f85\u8036\u8b58\u6301\u8eab\u6545. \u963f\u7f85\u8036\u8b58\u6ec5\u800c\u8eab\u5373\u51b7. \u4fbf\u4e0d\u89ba\u89f8. \u6b64\u51b7\u7156\u4e8c\u4e8b\u4e0d\u7531\u610f\u8b58\u6545. \u77e5\u6709\u963f\u7f85\u8036\u8b58.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[10]\u00a0Ek\u012bbhavati: tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1i Nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[11]\u00a0T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> Swami Krishnananda cho r\u1eb1ng, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> \u00a0vij\u00f1\u0101no bhavati l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1c quan<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span>. N\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Linh th\u1ee9c <\/i>(Vij\u00f1ana). Swami Krishnananda. B\u1e5bhada\u0304ran\u0323yaka Upani\u1e63had<\/i>. Ashram, Rishikesh, India: The Divine Life Society Sivananda, 1983. p. 435. Cf: Now this term vij\u00f1\u0101no bhavati has a special sense. It seems to imply that there is a feeble consciousness of the future stage that is Vij\u00f1ana<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[12]\u00a0M.Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit English Dictionary.<\/i> Springfield, MA: Nataraj Books, 2014, p.643.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[13]\u00a0The Principal Upani\u1e63ad<\/i>. Edited by S. Radhakrishnan. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1968. p.270. Cf: Ek\u012b-bhavati, na pa\u015byati, ity \u0101hu\u1e25; ek\u012b-bhavati, na jighrati ity \u0101hu\u1e25; ek\u012b-bhavati na rasayati, ity \u0101hu\u1e25; ek\u012b-bhavati, na vadati, ity \u0101hu\u1e25; ek\u012b-bhavati na \u015b\u1e5b\u1e47oti, ity \u0101hu\u1e25; ek\u012b-bhavati, na manute, ity \u0101hu\u1e25; ek\u012b-bhavati na sp\u1e5b\u015bati, ity \u0101hu\u1e25; ek\u012bbhavati, na vij\u0101n\u0101ti, ity \u0101hu\u1e25. Tasya haitasya h\u1e5bdayasy\u0101gram\u00a0 pradyotate, tena radyotenai\u1e63a \u0101tm\u0101 ni\u1e63kr\u0101mati, cak\u1e63u\u1e63o v\u0101 m\u1fe1rdhno\u00a0 v\u0101 anyebhyo v\u0101 \u015bar\u012bra-de\u015bebhya\u1e25; tam utkr\u0101mantam pr\u0101\u1e47o\u2019nutkr\u0101mati, pr\u0101\u1e47am an\u1fe1tkr\u0101manta\u1e41 sarve pr\u0101\u1e47\u0101 n\u1fe1tkr\u0101manti; sa vij\u00f1\u0101no bhavati, sa vij\u00f1\u0101nam ev\u0101nvavakr\u0101mati; ta\u1e41 vidy\u0101-karma\u1e47\u012b samanv\u0101rabhete p\u1fe1rva-praj\u00f1\u0101 ca.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[14]\u00a0M.Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit English Dictionary.<\/i> Springfield, MA: Nataraj Books, 2014, p. 705.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[15] Swami Krishnananda. B\u1e5bhada\u0304ran\u0323yaka Upani\u1e63had<\/i>. Ashram, Rishikesh, India: The Divine Life Society Sivananda, 1983. p. 435.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[16]\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 30 \u518a No. 1579 \u745c\u4f3d\u5e2b\u5730\u8ad6, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e00.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[17]\u00a0The Principal Upani\u1e63ad<\/i>. Edited by S. Radhakrishnan. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1968. p.270<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[18]\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 29 \u518a No. 1558 \u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8\u4ff1\u820d\u8ad6, \u5377\u7b2c\u5341.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[19]\u00a0The Principal Upani\u1e63ad<\/i>. Edited by S. Radhakrishnan. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1968. p.270<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[20]\u00a0Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung m\u1edbi. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 Nghi\u1ec7p, Lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span><\/span>, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, Sa-m\u00f4n\u2026cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m mang t\u00ednh chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u nh\u01b0 M\u1ed9c d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, B\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span>, Thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span>, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o\u2026\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span><\/span> so v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span><\/span> th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[21]\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 02 \u518a No. 0125 \u589e\u58f9\u963f\u542b\u7d93, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341, \u56db. Xem th\u00eam<\/i>, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o T\u0103ng k\u1ec7<\/span><\/span><\/i>, Vangisa. T\u00edch truy\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span> C\u00fa<\/i>, ph\u1ea9m B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[22]\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 04 \u518a No. 0210 \u6cd5\u53e5\u7d93, \u5409\u7965\u54c1.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[23]\u00a0Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 2, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2013, tr. 742.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[24]\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 01 \u518a No. 0001 \u9577\u963f\u542b\u7d93, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e8c, \u904a\u884c\u7d93. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u82e5\u4e00\u4e00\u4eba\u6b7b\uff0c\u4f86\u554f\u6211\u8005\uff0c\u975e\u64fe\u4e82\u8036?\u00a0 B\u1ea3n P\u0101li ghi: Tasmi\u1e43yeva k\u0101la\u1e45kate tath\u0101gata\u1e43 upasa\u1e45kamitv\u0101 etamattha\u1e43 pucchissatha, vihes\u0101 hes\u0101<\/b>, \u0101nanda, tath\u0101gatassa. Xem t\u1ea1i: www.tipitaka.org<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[25]\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 01 \u518a No. 0001 \u9577\u963f\u542b\u7d93, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e8c, \u904a\u884c\u7d93. Xem th\u00eam, \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 02 \u518a No. 0099 \u96dc\u963f\u542b\u7d93, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341, \u516b\u4e94\u4e00. \u00a0Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u6211\u4eca\u7576\u8aaa\u6cd5\u93e1\u7d93\uff0c \u8ae6\u807d\uff0c \u5584\u601d\uff0c \u7576\u70ba\u6c5d\u8aaa. \u4f55\u7b49\u70ba\u6cd5\u93e1\u7d93\uff1f \u8b02\u8056\u5f1f\u5b50\u65bc\u4f5b\u4e0d\u58de\u6de8\uff0c \u65bc\u6cd5\u3001\u50e7\u4e0d\u58de\u6de8\uff0c\u8056\u6212\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u662f\u540d\u6cd5\u93e1\u7d93.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Ngu\u1ed3n : Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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