{"id":7865,"date":"2020-12-06T08:10:51","date_gmt":"2020-12-06T01:10:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/06\/luan-hien-duong-thanh-giao\/"},"modified":"2020-12-06T08:10:51","modified_gmt":"2020-12-06T01:10:51","slug":"luan-hien-duong-thanh-giao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/06\/luan-hien-duong-thanh-giao\/","title":{"rendered":"Lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec3n D\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o"},"content":{"rendered":"

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LU\u1eacN HI\u1ec2N D\u01af\u01a0NG<\/span><\/span> TH\u00c1NH GI\u00c1O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\u0110\u1ea1i s\u0129<\/span><\/span><\/span> V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span><\/span> t\u1ea1o lu\u1eadn <\/span><\/span>
Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0<\/span><\/span> Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span><\/span> d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n <\/span>
Qu\u1ea3ng Minh Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0
\"Lu\u1eadn


D<\/span><\/b>\u1eaaN NH\u1eacP<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u986f\u63da\u8056\u6559\u8ad6, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0100rya-\u015b\u0101sana-prakara\u1e47a-\u015b\u0101stra<\/i> hay Prakaranaryavaca-sastra<\/i> (Acclamation of the Scriptural Teaching\/ Treatise of Acclamation of the Sagely Teaching), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng<\/span>, do \u0111\u1ea1i s\u0129<\/span> V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> (\u7121\u8457,310-390) tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c. V\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba<\/span> c\u1ee7a Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng<\/span>, n\u00f3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t<\/span> 900 n\u0103m, \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> c\u00f3 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Di l\u1eb7c<\/span> ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u00f3i lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba; ng\u00e0i V\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> v\u00e2ng theo<\/span> \u00fd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y m\u00e0 so\u1ea1n ra c\u00e1c b\u1ed9: lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba trang nghi\u00eam<\/span> kinh, lu\u1eadn Nhi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span>. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span> (\u7384\u5958, 602-664) phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span> lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y ra ch\u1eef H\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng bao ch\u00fang ngh\u0129a lu\u1eadn \u7e3d\u82de\u773e\u7fa9\u8ad6, Qu\u1ea3ng bao ch\u00fang ngh\u0129a lu\u1eadn \u5ee3\u82de\u773e\u7fa9\u8ad6 (v\u00ec bao qu\u00e1t c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a 10 chi lu\u1eadn), v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> lu\u1eadn. Lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 20 quy\u1ec3n, n\u1eb1m trong \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u00e2n tu \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1ng kinh<\/span>, t\u1eadp 31, No. 1602. Lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho y\u1ebfu ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/span> r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1<\/span> nh\u1ea5t, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c Ti\u1ec3u Du-gi\u00e0 lu\u1eadn. Lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 10 chi lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0[1]; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 11 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span>[2] v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 y c\u1ee9<\/span> c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn Th\u00e0nh duy th\u1ee9c<\/span>[3]. Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Trong ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p<\/span>, Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 \u201cs\u00e1u kinh, m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn\u201d[4], l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t kinh, m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn.\u201d[5]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 T\u00ecm trong Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span>, nh\u01b0 sau: (1) M\u01b0\u1eddi hai ph\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span>: kh\u1ebf kinh<\/span>, \u1ee9ng t\u1ee5ng<\/span>, k\u00fd bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, ph\u00fang t\u1ee5ng<\/span>, t\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>, th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>, b\u1ea3n s\u1ef1<\/span>, b\u1ea3n sinh<\/span>, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng<\/span>, v\u1ecb t\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecb<\/span>. (ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, 508c15); (2) \u201cC\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c ch\u1edb l\u00e0m,<\/i> C\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u00e2ng l\u00e0m<\/i>, Kh\u00e9o \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh<\/i>, \u0110\u00f3 l\u1eddi ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y.<\/i>\u201d (ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, 536a05); (3) \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ea1c-gi\u00e0-ph\u1ea1m d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> ba x\u1ee9: s\u1ef1, th\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u b\u1ed1<\/span> Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span>, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 y x\u1ee9<\/span>. (ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, 538a25); (4) Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7<\/span>, l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ba th\u1ee9: 1. Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7<\/span> vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span>; 2. Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7<\/span> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>; 3. Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7<\/span> n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh. V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/span> ba th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7<\/span> n\u00e0y, l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span>. (ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, 539b19) ; (5) \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span>: Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 ba th\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh ng\u00f4n<\/span>, nh\u01b0 trong kinh c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00e2m d\u1eabn th\u1ebf gian<\/span> \u0111i, t\u00e2m l\u1ef1c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, t\u00f9y t\u00e2m<\/span> sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span> r\u1ed3i, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f9y chuy\u1ec3n.<\/i>\u201d L\u1ea1i n\u00f3i: \u201cCho n\u00ean b\u00ed-s\u00f4! H\u00e3y kh\u00e9o chuy\u00ean tinh<\/span>, nh\u01b0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> l\u00fd, qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span> n\u01a1i t\u00e2m<\/i>,\u201d L\u1ea1i n\u00f3i: \u201cB\u00ed-s\u00f4 n\u00ean bi\u1ebft! N\u00f3i th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu th\u1ee7 th\u1ee9c<\/span> u\u1ea9n.<\/i>\u201d (ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, 548c27-549a03)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 252 b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng, cu\u1ed1i quy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadn<\/span> t\u1ee5ng \u986f\u63da\u8056\u6559\u8ad6\u980c, 1 quy\u1ec3n, No. 1603, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec3n\u00a0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u1eadn t\u1ee5ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span>: Nh\u1eadp Du-gi\u00e0 lu\u1eadn<\/i>\u00a0(sa.\u00a0yog\u0101vat\u0101ra), m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i<\/span> v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh Du-gi\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Tr\u1ea7n Na<\/span> \u9673\u90a3, hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n b\u1ea3n T\u1ea1ng ng\u1eef. Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> s\u1edb <\/i>\u986f\u63da\u758f, 1 quy\u1ec3n, c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Khuy C\u01a1 \u7aba\u57fa<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng; Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> lu\u1eadn s\u1edb<\/span> <\/i>\u986f\u63da\u8ad6\u758f, 8 quy\u1ec3n, c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i C\u1ea3nh H\u01b0ng<\/span> \u749f\u8208 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2n la<\/span> \u65b0\u7f85, v.v… nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> th\u00ec c\u00f3: \u00c2u D\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00e1nh V\u00f4 \u6b50\u967d\u7adf\u7121<\/em> <\/em>(1871 \u2013 1943), Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> lu\u1eadn,<\/i> N\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc<\/span> vi\u1ec7n China, 1936; L\u1eef Tr\u01b0ng \u5442\u6f82 (1896 \u2013 1989), Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd<\/span> <\/i>\u986f\u63da\u8056\u6559\u8ad6\u5927\u610f, N\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc<\/span> vi\u1ec7n China, 1924; \u0110\u00e0m Huy\u1ec1n<\/span> \u8ac7\u7384, Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadn<\/span> d\u1eef Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba lu\u1eadn<\/span> t\u1ef7 gi\u1ea3o<\/i> \u986f\u63da\u8056\u6559\u8ad6\u8207\u745c\u4f3d\u5e2b\u5730\u8ad6\u6bd4\u8f03; Hayasshima Osamu (T\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea3o L\u00fd \u65e9\u5cf6\u7406), \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> Ryukoku, Kyoto, Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadn<\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> t\u1ef1<\/i> \u9855\u63da\u8056\u6559\u8ad6\u7814\u7a76\u5e8f, c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng Nh\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng<\/span> l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> Seoul (the Seoul Museum of History) \u1edf Nam H\u00e0n, c\u00f3 tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n in Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span> x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111i\u00eau b\u1ea3n[6] Cao ly t\u1ea1ng<\/span> (Tripitaka Koreana). C\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 300 b\u1ea3n in c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111i\u00eau b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> \u1edf H\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u01a1 \u0111i\u00eau b\u1ea3n \u1edf Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n<\/span> l\u00e0 2.400 b\u1ea3n in, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/span> t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Nam Thi\u1ec1n (Nanzen), Kyoto, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 600 b\u1ea3n in \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/span> \u1edf B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng<\/span> l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> d\u00e2n gian Tsushima (the Tsushima Folk History Museum) c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c<\/span>.[7]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadn<\/span> t\u1ee5ng do ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n trang<\/span> d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh 2 b\u1ea3n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, cho n\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc<\/span> gi\u1ea3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft 2 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span> hay l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> n\u00e0y, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n<\/span> l\u00e0 \u00f4ng V\u0169 t\u1ec9nh B\u00e1 th\u1ecd<\/span> \u5b87\u4e95\u4f2f\u58fd (Uihakujiu, 1882-1963) cho r\u1eb1ng Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n<\/span> \u4e16\u89aa, c\u00f2n Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadn<\/span> t\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0: Lu\u1eadn Tam v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh<\/span> \u4e09\u7121\u6027\u8ad6 (No. 1617, 2 quy\u1ec3n, do ng\u00e0i Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf<\/span> \u771f\u8ae6 d\u1ecbch) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n v\u0103n lu\u1eadn\u00a0 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh<\/span> trong lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, c\u00f2n lu\u1eadn Tam v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh<\/span> v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn Chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u8f49\u8b58\u8ad6 (c\u0169ng do ng\u00e0i Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> d\u1ecbch) \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> \u7121\u76f8\u8ad6. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, lu\u1eadn Chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u00e0 Tam th\u1eadp duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1ee5ng \u4e09\u5341\u552f\u8b58\u980c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c, cho n\u00ean bi\u1ebft lu\u1eadn V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n<\/span>. C\u0169ng c\u1ee9 theo<\/span> \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 suy th\u00ec bi\u1ebft lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> trong \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ea1ng kinh<\/span> T\u00e2y t\u1ea1ng<\/span> (Tibetan Tripitaka; Kagyur & Tangyur); d\u00f9 v\u1eady Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba lu\u1eadn<\/span> (No. 4035~4042) l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y t\u1ea1ng<\/span>. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span> ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, v\u00ec l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 T\u00e2y t\u1ea1ng<\/span> b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian<\/span> phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span>, Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span> d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m Trinh Qu\u00e1n th\u1ee9 19 (645) nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, \u1edf Phi\u00ean kinh<\/span> vi\u1ec7n, ch\u00f9a Ho\u1eb1ng Ph\u00fac, \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang n\u0103m Trinh Qu\u00e1n th\u1ee9 20 (646) th\u00ec xong, sa-m\u00f4n Tr\u00ed Ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>, v.v\u2026 ghi l\u1ea1i. Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadn<\/span> t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span> d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m Trinh Qu\u00e1n th\u1ee9 19, sa-m\u00f4n Bi\u1ec7n C\u01a1<\/span> ghi l\u1ea1i.[8]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u1ed9i dung lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> 11 ph\u1ea9m, kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i 4 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o, L\u00fd, H\u00e0nh, Qu\u1ea3:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1. Ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp s\u1ef1 (quy\u1ec3n 1 \u2013 4)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2. Ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a (quy\u1ec3n 5 \u2013 13)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3. Ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> (quy\u1ec3n 14)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a04. Ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> (quy\u1ec3n 14)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5. Ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 (quy\u1ec3n 15)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 6. Ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng (quy\u1ec3n 15 v\u00e0 16)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7. Ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh<\/span> (quy\u1ec3n 16)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 8. Ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span> (quy\u1ec3n 16 v\u00e0 17)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 9. Ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh Du-gi\u00e0 (quy\u1ec3n 17)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 10. Ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb<\/span> (quy\u1ec3n 17)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 11. Ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp th\u1eafng quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ch<\/span> (quy\u1ec3n 17 v\u00e0 18 \u2013 20)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1. Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/b> (h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>) g\u1ed3m trong ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp s\u1ef1. Ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 9 s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span> c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> Th\u00edch Ca<\/span> gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i 9 s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

(1) Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span>: N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ng\u0169 v\u1ecb<\/span> 106 ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: 8 th\u1ee9c, 51 t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span>, 15 lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p<\/span> (11 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u00e0 4 \u0111\u1ea1i), 24 b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u00e0 8 lo\u1ea1i v\u00f4 vi ph\u00e1p<\/span> (h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t<\/span>, phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t<\/span>, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd di\u1ec7t, thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/span> ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span>, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span> ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd<\/span> ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) Gi\u1edbi: N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tam gi\u1edbi<\/span> sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, tam thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> v.v\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

(3) T\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>: T\u1ee9c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> (c\u00f3 128 th\u1ee9), nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> (t\u01b0 t\u00e2m<\/span> s\u1edf [\u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span>, \u00fd mu\u1ed1n<\/span>, \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>] v\u00e0 t\u01b0 s\u1edf kh\u1edfi [c\u00e1i do t\u01b0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>: th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u1eef nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>]) v\u00e0 sinh t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> (t\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> sinh t\u1eed<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

(4) \u0110\u1ebf: C\u00f3 2: 1. Nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> (th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>), cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00f3i r\u00f5; 2. T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf<\/span> (kh\u1ed5, t\u1eadp, di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o).<\/span><\/p>\n

(5) Y ch\u1ec9<\/span>: t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

(6) Gi\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n<\/span>: C\u00f3 16: [1] 37 \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea9m<\/span>; [2] M\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed (th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c tr\u00ed<\/span>, ph\u00e1p tr\u00ed<\/span>, lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed<\/span>, kh\u1ed5 tr\u00ed<\/span>, t\u1eadp tr\u00ed<\/span>, di\u1ec7t tr\u00ed<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ed<\/span>, tha t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>, t\u1eadn tr\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00f4 sanh tr\u00ed<\/span>); [3] Ba gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00f4n<\/span>; [4] B\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh t\u00edch; [5] Ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n<\/span>; [6] B\u1ed1n c\u01b0 x\u1ee9: tu\u1ec7 c\u01b0 x\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ebf c\u01b0<\/span> x\u1ee9, x\u1ea3 c\u01b0 x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh<\/span> c\u01b0 x\u1ee9; [7] B\u1ed1n s\u1edf y<\/span> (y ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t y nh\u00e2n<\/span>, v.v\u2026); [8] Ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m<\/span> b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1; [9] \u0110\u1ea1i bi<\/span>; [10] M\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh<\/span>; [11] B\u1ea3y th\u1ee9 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>; [12] M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba; [13] M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9; [14] C\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t h\u00e0nh<\/span>; [15] T\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span> ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span>; [16] \u00dd l\u1ea1c<\/span> r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n

(7) H\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> (B\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la): C\u00f3 7 lo\u1ea1i hay 8 lo\u1ea1i Hi\u1ec1n Th\u00e1nh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

(8) Qu\u1ea3: N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n, bi\u1ebfn tri<\/span>, thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, v.v\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

(9) C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>: L\u00e0 4 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, 8 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, 8 th\u1eafng x\u1ee9<\/span>, 10 bi\u1ebfn x\u1ee9<\/span>, v\u00f4 tr\u00e1nh<\/span>, nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00ed<\/span>, 4 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i<\/span> gi\u1ea3i, 6 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span>, t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, 10 l\u1ef1c, 4 v\u00f4 \u00fay<\/span>, 3 b\u1ea5t h\u1ed9, 3 ni\u1ec7m tr\u00fa, \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span>, 18 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00edn s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t c\u1ea3nh, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3. N\u0103m s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n<\/span> thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh. Ba s\u1ef1 sau c\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a chung c\u1ee7a thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>; s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m<\/span> thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>, trong \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1edf y<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>, c\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>, nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 sinh l\u00e0 sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>; s\u00e1u s\u1ef1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba: \u201cS\u1ef1 kh\u1ebf kinh<\/span> g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> 4 A-c\u1ea5p-ma (A-h\u00e0m, Agama): 1. <\/i>T\u1ea1p A-c\u1ea5p-ma; 2. Trung A-c\u1ea5p-ma; 3. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-c\u1ea5p-ma; 4. T\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t A-c\u1ea5p-ma. V\u1ec1 T\u1ea1p A-c\u1ea5p-ma, trong \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span> qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span> c\u0103n c\u01a1<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a<\/span>, r\u1ed3i tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft<\/span> gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1edfi Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9, gi\u1edbi; t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>, th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ebf; t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> ni\u1ec7m tr\u00fa, ch\u00e1nh \u0111o\u1ea1n, th\u1ea7n t\u00fac<\/span>, c\u0103n, l\u1ef1c, gi\u00e1c chi<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea1o chi<\/span>, nh\u1eadp xu\u1ea5t t\u1ee9c<\/span> ni\u1ec7m, h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, v.v\u2026 L\u1ea1i y theo<\/span> t\u00e1m ch\u00fang, n\u00f3i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00fang. V\u1ec1 sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebft t\u1eadp<\/span> v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span> l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span>, n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft t\u1eadp<\/span> th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> t\u1ee5ng, r\u1ed3i t\u00f9y ch\u1ed7 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp\u00a0an b\u1ed1.<\/i>\u201d[9]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nhi\u1ebfp s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba, quy\u1ec3n 58, gom 9 s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0o 3\u00a0lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn: 1. N\u0103ng thuy\u1ebft<\/span>: ch\u1ec9 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt; 2. S\u1edf thuy\u1ebft: ch\u1ec9 u\u1ea9n, gi\u1edbi, x\u1ee9, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>, th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ebf, ni\u1ec7m tr\u00fa, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, v.v\u2026; 3. S\u1edf v\u1ecb thuy\u1ebft: ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1m ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt. Ch\u00edn s\u1ef1 hay ba lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a kinh\u00a0T\u1ea1p\u00a0A-h\u00e0m, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cTu-\u0111a-la\u201d \u2013 \u201cS\u1ef1 kh\u1ebf kinh\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba, ng\u00e0i \u1ea4n Thu\u1eadn<\/span> ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i dung T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m th\u00e0nh 7 ph\u1ea7n: 1. Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span>; 2. L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp<\/span> x\u1ee9; 3. T\u1ea1p nh\u00e2n: Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span>, \u0110\u1ebf, Gi\u1edbi, Th\u1ecd; 4. \u0110\u1ea1o ph\u1ea9m<\/span>: Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span>, Ch\u00e1nh \u0111o\u1ea1n, Nh\u01b0 \u00fd<\/span> t\u1ee5c, C\u0103n, L\u1ef1c, Gi\u00e1c chi<\/span>, Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, An-na-ban-na ni\u1ec7m, H\u1ecdc, B\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1i<\/span> t\u1ecbnh; 5. B\u00e1t ch\u00fang<\/span>; 6. \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> s\u1edf thuy\u1ebft; 7. Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span> s\u1edf thuy\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span>, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span> Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span> l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span> 4 ph\u1ea7n: (1) Ba ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n<\/span> (ho\u1eb7c 4 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n<\/span>); (2) M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span>; (3) B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebf; (4) T\u00e1m Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> \u1ea5y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span> r\u00f5 n\u00e9t trong lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>. B\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea1i s\u0129<\/span> V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng kinh A-h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u xa<\/span> v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span>. B\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c trong lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn trong kinh A-h\u00e0m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> kinh Tr\u00fa h\u1ecdc th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m \u1edf quy\u1ec3n 12 v\u00e0 13. Qua nh\u1eefng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn kinh v\u0103n, cho th\u1ea5y v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3n T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i C\u1ea7u-na B\u1ea1t-\u0111\u00e0-la<\/span>[10] \u0111\u00e3 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span> ra ch\u1eef H\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2. L\u00fd ph\u00e1p <\/b>(\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>, n\u1ed9i dung, b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span> gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>) g\u1ed3m 3 ph\u1ea9m: Nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, Th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb<\/span> v\u00e0 Nhi\u1ebfp th\u1eafng quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ch<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span> s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft ngh\u0129a qua b\u1ed1n s\u1eafc th\u00e1i: \u201cNay \u1edf ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e2y hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/span> lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n s\u1eafc th\u00e1i: 1. S\u1eafc th\u00e1i t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span>; 2. S\u1eafc th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3; 3. S\u1eafc th\u00e1i thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>; 4. S\u1eafc th\u00e1i bi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o.\u00a0 \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1eafc th\u00e1i t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span> c\u00f3 hai k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> (1, 2); s\u1eafc th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u0103m k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> (3~7); s\u1eafc th\u00e1i thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u00f3 hai k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> (8, 9) v\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i bi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> (10).<\/i>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1eafc th\u00e1i t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m hai: 1. Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/span> lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span> trong c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn; 2. Lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>: nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ngh\u0129a, c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft<\/span> ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i<\/span>, d\u1ec5 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp<\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp<\/span> r\u1ed3i th\u00ec b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1i<\/span>. Do \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cT\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1eafc th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3, l\u00e0 di\u1ec7u l\u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a hai \u0111\u1ebf: 1. Th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>: n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd<\/span> th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>; 2. Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>: n\u0103m ph\u00e1p (t\u01b0\u1edbng, danh, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span>, ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed<\/span>), ba t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> (bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p<\/span>, y tha<\/span> kh\u1edfi, vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh<\/span> th\u1eadt), b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span> (th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd<\/span>, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> t\u1ecbnh tr\u00ed s\u1edf h\u00e0nh,\u00a0 s\u1edf tri ch\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> t\u1ecbnh tr\u00ed s\u1edf h\u00e0nh), b\u1ed1n t\u1ea7m t\u01b0 (danh, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span>, gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp<\/span>, sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span> gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp<\/span>), b\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt tr\u00ed<\/span> (do b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 t\u1ea7m t\u01b0 d\u1eabn ra).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1eafc th\u00e1i thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> hai \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span> theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp: 1. L\u1eafng nghe gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>, quy y Tam b\u1ea3o<\/span>; 2. Tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> tam h\u1ecdc<\/span>; 3. Do tu h\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1eafc th\u00e1i bi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m ba: 1. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1 16 th\u1ee9 d\u1ecb lu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 t\u00f9y th\u1eddi<\/span> hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/span> ch\u00e1nh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>; 2. B\u1ea3y th\u1ee9 lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span> k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n minh<\/span> \u2013 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> lu\u1eadn l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>; 3. B\u00e0n lu\u1eadn<\/span> n\u1ed9i dung kh\u1ebf kinh<\/span> qua hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u0103n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> y\u1ebfu ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a kinh, thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span>, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu h\u1ecdc<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb<\/span> n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00edn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb<\/span>: ng\u00e3, h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o<\/span>, c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u1eadc t\u0129nh l\u1ef1<\/span>, c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, 14 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, phi ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn nhi\u1ebfp<\/span>. Trong 9 s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y, tr\u1eeb 3 s\u1ef1 sau c\u00f9ng, 6 s\u1ef1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, theo ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201cph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe<\/i>\u201d, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu tr\u00fa ng\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn<\/span> m\u00e0 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ng\u00e3, h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>; n\u1ebfu t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o<\/span>, c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> b\u1eadc t\u0129nh l\u1ef1<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt; n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m xao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> l\u1ee3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 phi ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>; n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n<\/span> b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> d\u1eabn nhi\u1ebfp<\/span>, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb, v\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i<\/span> s\u1ef1 tu ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n<\/span>. B\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb (nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>), ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb (nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o<\/span>), ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span> suy ngh\u0129<\/span> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span> ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t<\/span>, m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc v\u00f4 \u00edch<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp th\u1eafng quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ch<\/span>, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span> 9 s\u1ef1 trong ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp<\/span> lu\u1eadn l\u00fd cho s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ch<\/span>, n\u00f3i r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i, xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp<\/span> gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3<\/span>, sau c\u00f9ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a ba t\u1ea1ng: kinh, lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. H\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/b> (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c<\/span> h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00fd) g\u1ed3m 6 ph\u1ea9m: Th\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span>, Th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, Th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5, Th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng, Th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh<\/span> v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh Du-gi\u00e0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp 7 th\u1ee9 thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 5 u\u1ea9n, 18 gi\u1edbi, 12 x\u1ee9, 12 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>, x\u1ee9 phi x\u1ee9, 22 c\u0103n v\u00e0 4 \u0111\u1ebf. D\u00f9ng c\u00e1i tu\u1ec7 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. B\u1ea3y th\u1ee9 thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> Du-gi\u00e0, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd ch\u00fang kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> Du-gi\u00e0, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00e2y ph\u00e1 h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p<\/span> (7 th\u1ee9 ngu si<\/span>), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1. Bi\u1ebfn m\u00e3n s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span>; 2. T\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh<\/span> s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span>; 3. Thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span>; 4. T\u1ecbnh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span>.\u00a0 Bi\u1ebfn m\u00e3n s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span>, c\u00f3 4: (1) \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh do t\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span> th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i<\/span>; (2) \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh do t\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span> ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>; (3) \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh bi\u00ean t\u1ebf<\/span> c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh t\u1eadn s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span>; (4) \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh s\u1edf t\u00e1c<\/span> th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n y<\/span>. (S\u1ed1 1 l\u00e0 s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9, s\u1ed1 2 l\u00e0 s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n, s\u1ed1 3 v\u00e0 4 l\u00e0 s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n<\/span>.) T\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh<\/span> s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span>, c\u00f3 5: nhi\u1ec1u tham, nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e2n, nhi\u1ec1u si, ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m t\u01b0. Thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span> s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span>, c\u00f3 5: u\u1ea9n, gi\u1edbi, x\u1ee9, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>, x\u1ee9 phi x\u1ee9. T\u1ecbnh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span> s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span>, c\u00f3 3: c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00f4, t\u0129nh v.v.., ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, Th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5, Th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> Du-gi\u00e0. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 4 h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>: v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng, phi ng\u00e3<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/i>, v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/i>, v\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 phi ng\u00e3<\/span> hay v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh<\/span>. T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m, kinh V\u00f4 gi\u00e1n<\/span> \u0111\u1eb3ng, s\u1ed1 259: \u201cT\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span> X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t n\u00f3i:<\/i> <\/i>Ma-ha C\u00e2u-hi-la, A-la-h\u00e1n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng t\u01b0 duy<\/span> n\u0103m th\u1ecd \u1ea5m<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh, l\u00e0 ung nh\u1ecdt, l\u00e0 gai nh\u1ecdn, l\u00e0 s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i<\/span>, l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng, phi ng\u00e3<\/span>. V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa<\/span>.<\/i>\u201d V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span> tr\u00ean ba t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p<\/span>, y tha<\/span> kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh<\/span> th\u1eadt. S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> Du-gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn tri<\/span> t\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p<\/span>, l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn tri<\/span> v\u00e0 v\u0129nh \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span> t\u00e1nh y tha<\/span> kh\u1edfi, l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn tri<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> t\u00e1nh vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh<\/span> th\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh Du-gi\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span> thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> th\u00ec ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng h\u1ea1nh<\/span> Du-gi\u00e0. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1o b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n<\/span> l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1<\/span>, v\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-gi\u00e0. S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> Du-gi\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> b\u00e1t-nh\u00e3, l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n<\/span> song v\u1eadn. Do v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> tr\u00ed v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf<\/span>. V\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> h\u1eefu v\u00e0 phi h\u1eefu<\/span>, t\u1ee9c r\u1eddi xa hai h\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span>: ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh<\/span> ly ng\u00f4n<\/span>, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p<\/b> (th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3<\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>) l\u00e0 1 ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>. Ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m hai: (1) M\u01b0\u1eddi ba k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng s\u1edf<\/span> nh\u1eadp, t\u1ee9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>; (2) M\u01b0\u1eddi hai k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span> sau l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1<\/span> tu t\u1eadp<\/span>, t\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span> 6 hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span> l\u00e0 tr\u00ed, l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 minh, l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, Thanh v\u0103n th\u1eeba<\/span> c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng<\/span> chung: Hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a Thanh v\u0103n<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy<\/span> th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a<\/span> v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/span> ly t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. Hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng<\/span> v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> n\u00ean t\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf<\/span> v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f3, th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc. T\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc n\u00ean B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> sai kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc, cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> sinh t\u1eed<\/span> v\u00e0 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span> sai kh\u00e1c, h\u1eefu l\u1eadu<\/span> \u2013 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu<\/span> sai kh\u00e1c, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/span> \u2013 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> sai kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc. Do \u0111\u00f3, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span> a-th\u1ebf-da \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u00e0 a-th\u1ebf-da qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>: \u201cA-th\u1ebf-da \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e3<\/span>: C\u00e1c B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>, n\u00ean \u0111em t\u00edn d\u1ee5c thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> m\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. A-th\u1ebf-da qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>: C\u00e1c B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t<\/span>, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>, n\u00ean \u0111em t\u00edn d\u1ee5c thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> m\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng tr\u00fa c\u1ea3 hai.<\/i>\u201d V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, t\u1eeb s\u01a1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m<\/span> b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span>, nh\u00e2n tu<\/span> \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, h\u00e0ng Thanh v\u0103n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span> l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 10 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span> quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> cho s\u1ef1 tu hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201c1. V\u1edbi ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2. V\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p<\/span>, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt<\/span> c\u00f3.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3. V\u1edbi v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5. V\u1edbi th\u00f4 tr\u1ecdng, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 6. V\u1edbi b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t<\/span>, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00e0: (1) V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span> ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ng\u00e3<\/span> n\u00ean b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t<\/span>; (2) V\u00ec c\u00f3 hai v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> [l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>] n\u00ean b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7. V\u1edbi s\u1eafc th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng hai, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 8. V\u1edbi c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 9. V\u1edbi ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh<\/span>, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3: k\u1ebb ph\u00e0m ngu<\/span> s\u1ed1ng trong ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh<\/span> m\u00e0 sinh c\u00e1c s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed s\u1ed1ng trong ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 10. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/span>, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t: \u2018T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/span> v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t [phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>].<\/i>\u2019<\/i>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp tu t\u1eadp<\/span> m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia<\/span> hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span> l\u00e0m b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: (1) Ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi<\/span>: ch\u1ec9 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c<\/span> h\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u0103n s\u1edf sinh tr\u00ed cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span> th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p<\/span> tr\u00ed; (2) Ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span>: ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span> ch\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>, t\u1ee9c ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>; (3) \u0110\u1eb3ng l\u01b0u<\/span>: ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp<\/span> sau ch\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>, t\u1ee9c tu \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>; (4) Th\u00e0nh m\u00e3n: ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span> c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span> vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span>, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> c\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3<\/span> c\u1ee7a ba th\u1eeba<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span> th\u00ec l\u1ea5y 6 th\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span> sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/span>: (1) T\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh<\/span> b\u1edfi t\u01b0, t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> h\u1ef7 th\u1ecd<\/span>. N\u00f3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span> c\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, d\u1eabn sinh no\u00e3n v.v\u2026 Trong gia h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span> qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span> c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t, n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh<\/span> hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0<\/span> no\u00e3n v.v\u2026 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft<\/span>, l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span> th\u1eadt l\u00fd, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>. (2) T\u00edn hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh t\u00edn<\/span> quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gian<\/span> v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 Tam b\u1ea3o<\/span>. N\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n<\/span>, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>. (3) Gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu<\/span> gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3 tr\u1eeb di\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u00e1u b\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 gi\u1edbi<\/span>, khi\u1ebfn qu\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam s\u00e1ng, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>. (4) Hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span> tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> v\u00e0 h\u1eadu \u0111\u1eafc, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3<\/span>, duy\u00ean phi an l\u1eadp<\/span> l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. (5) Hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n bi\u00ean<\/span> tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, duy\u00ean c\u00e1c an l\u1eadp<\/span> l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, sau hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span> tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>. (6) C\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span> hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>: Tr\u00ed thu\u1ed9c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span>, t\u1ee9c t\u1eadn tr\u00ed<\/span>, v\u00f4 sinh tr\u00ed<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia<\/span> gi\u00e1o, l\u00fd, h\u00e0nh, qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>, v\u00ec trong m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 4 ph\u00e1p: gi\u00e1o, l\u00fd, h\u00e0nh, qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n khoa theo ba tu\u1ec7 v\u0103n<\/span>, t\u01b0 v\u00e0 tu:<\/span><\/p>\n

(1) V\u0103n tu\u1ec7<\/span> l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt qua 9 s\u1ef1 (ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp s\u1ef1) v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> qua 4 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i: t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span>, t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3, thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o (ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a).<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) T\u01b0 tu\u1ec7<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy<\/span> ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u00e2u xa<\/span> v\u1ec1 9 s\u1ef1, t\u1ee9c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span> gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span>, \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> th\u00f9 \u0111\u1eb7c<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o (ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp th\u1eafng quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ch<\/span>). T\u01b0 tu\u1ec7<\/span> c\u00f2n l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u01b0 duy<\/span>, v\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 l\u00fd<\/span> lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 trong T\u0103ng chi b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span>, IV. 77, c\u00f3 ghi b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb<\/span>: “C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, n\u1ebfu ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1n<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5<\/span>. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n? Ph\u1eadt gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1ebfu ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1n<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5<\/span>. Thi\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i Thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1ebfu ngh\u0129… th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5<\/span>. Qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1ebfu ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn… th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5<\/span>. T\u00e2m t\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1ebfu ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1n<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5<\/span>.<\/i>\u201d (H.T Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span> d\u1ecbch)<\/span><\/p>\n

(3) Tu tu\u1ec7 bao g\u1ed3m<\/span>: a. S\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span> c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 (ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span>); b. Gia h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7: bi\u1ebfn tri<\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> (ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>), bi\u1ebfn tri<\/span> kh\u1ed5 (ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5), bi\u1ebfn tri<\/span> kh\u00f4ng (ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng), bi\u1ebfn tri<\/span> v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh<\/span> (ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh<\/span>); c. Th\u00fa nh\u1eadp tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span>: qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span> (ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>) v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n Du-gi\u00e0 (ph\u1ea9m Th\u00e0nh Du-gi\u00e0).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u00ec th\u1ea5y lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f9ng l\u1ea5y B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. Lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> (v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba A t\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea1t ma t\u1eadp lu\u1eadn<\/span> \u5927\u4e58\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8\u96c6\u8ad6) l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn c\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u1ebfu<\/span>, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 100 quy\u1ec3n, g\u1ed3m 5 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1. B\u1ea3n\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba<\/span> ph\u1ea7n: ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> bao qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa<\/span> v\u1ec1 17 \u0111\u1ecba: (1) Ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c<\/span> th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba, (2) \u00dd \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>, (3) H\u1eefu t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba, (4) V\u00f4 t\u1ea7m duy t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba, (5) V\u00f4 t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba, (6) Tam ma<\/span> t\u01b0 \u0111a<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba, (7) Phi tam ma<\/span> t\u01b0 \u0111a<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba, (8) T\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>, (9) V\u00f4 t\u00e2m<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba, (10) V\u0103n s\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba, (11) T\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba, (12) Tu s\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba, (13) Thanh v\u0103n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba, (14) \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba, (15) B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba, (16) H\u1eefu d\u01b0<\/span> y \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>, (17) V\u00f4 d\u01b0<\/span> y \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>. (Quy\u1ec3n 1~50)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2. Nhi\u1ebfp quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea7n<\/span>: b\u00e0n s\u00e2u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1<\/span> c\u1ee7a 17 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean. (Quy\u1ec3n 51~80)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3. Nhi\u1ebfp th\u00edch ph\u1ea7n: b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 nghi t\u1eafc<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kinh\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn trong b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn. C\u00e1c kinh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh A-h\u00e0m. (Quy\u1ec3n 81~82)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4. Nhi\u1ebfp d\u1ecb m\u00f4n ph\u1ea7n: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> t\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi trong kinh. (Quy\u1ec3n 83~84)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5. Nhi\u1ebfp s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n: n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/span> trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9,\u00a0duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>, th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ebf, gi\u1edbi, th\u1ecd, c\u00e1c b\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n<\/span>, nh\u1eadp xu\u1ea5t t\u1ee9c<\/span> ni\u1ec7m, tam h\u1ecdc<\/span>, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecbnh<\/span>. (Quy\u1ec3n 85~100)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1eeb B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba, ng\u00e0i V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp s\u1ef1 (quy\u1ec3n 1~4) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a (quy\u1ec3n 5~8), c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> l\u00e0: l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span> nghi c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 Du-gi\u00e0 x\u1ee9 thu\u1ed9c Thanh v\u0103n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> T\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi<\/span> h\u1ecdc sai bi\u1ec7t<\/span> \u1edf quy\u1ec3n 7; l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n Th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1ee9 Du-gi\u00e0 x\u1ee9 thu\u1ed9c Thanh v\u0103n<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o quy\u1ec3n 7; l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea9m B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o quy\u1ec3n 8. Ng\u00e0i V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y 16 th\u1ee9 d\u1ecb lu\u1eadn trong B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> ph\u1ea7n, \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a (quy\u1ec3n 9 v\u00e0 10); l\u1ea5y m\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n minh lu\u1eadn<\/span> \u1edf B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/span> ph\u1ea7n, \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a (quy\u1ec3n 12 v\u00e0 13). Xem m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: Th\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span>, Th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, Th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5, Th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng, Th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh<\/span>, Th iHie<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>, Th\u00e0nh du-gi\u00e0, Th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb<\/span> (t\u1eeb quy\u1ec3n 14 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u quy\u1ec3n 17). Sau c\u00f9ng, ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp th\u1eafng quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ch<\/span> (ph\u1ea7n sau quy\u1ec3n 17 \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec3n 20) c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu ngh\u0129a l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb Nhi\u1ebfp quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong s\u00e1ch \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> s\u1eed<\/i>, ph\u00e1p s\u01b0<\/span> \u1ea4n Thu\u1eadn<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cBa ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> nhi\u1ebfp l\u1ea5y v\u0103n ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0, t\u00e1m ph\u1ea9m sau: Th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, Th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5, Th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng, Th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh<\/span>, Th iHie<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n<\/span>, Th\u00e0nh du-gi\u00e0, Th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb<\/span>, <\/i>Nhi\u1ebfp th\u1eafng quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ch<\/span>, th\u00ec ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n<\/span> h\u1ea1nh, minh \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00fd<\/span> s\u00e2u xa<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> th\u00ec h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n Thanh v\u0103n<\/span>.<\/i>\u201d\u00a0 C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span> c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang<\/span> n\u00f3. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do<\/span> m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kinh Gi\u1ea3i th\u00e2m m\u1eadt<\/span> ghi: \u201cTh\u1eafng Ngh\u0129a<\/span> Sinh, trong ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span> m\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span> kh\u00e9o tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft<\/span>, kh\u00e9o qui \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ra b\u1edfi \u00fd mu\u1ed1n<\/span> c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 trong s\u1ea1ch<\/span>, v\u1eabn c\u00f3<\/span> nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span> v\u1ed1n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ba v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh<\/span> nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng do m\u1eadt \u00fd<\/span> s\u00e2u xa<\/span>, n\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng kinh ngh\u0129a l\u00fd<\/span> ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span> m\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span> n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p y\u1ebfu<\/span> theo c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p to\u00e0n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, b\u1ea3n lai<\/span> v\u1eafng b\u1eb7t, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span> ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span>. … Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a gieo tr\u1ed3ng thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n<\/span>, ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng tu nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i<\/span>, ch\u01b0a d\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a hai th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c<\/span>, d\u1eabu c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c<\/span> trong vi\u1ec7c suy ngh\u0129<\/span> ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ebf b\u1ecf<\/span> v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean<\/span> trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/span> th\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn<\/span> th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec nghe kinh ph\u00e1p<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span> v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span> m\u1eadt \u00fd<\/span> s\u00e2u xa<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tin hi\u1ec3u kinh ph\u00e1p<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean kinh ph\u00e1p<\/span> cho l\u00e0 phi kinh ph\u00e1p<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00fd<\/span> cho l\u00e0 phi ngh\u0129a<\/span> l\u00fd; kinh ph\u00e1p<\/span> cho l\u00e0 phi kinh ph\u00e1p<\/span> v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd<\/span> cho l\u00e0 phi ngh\u0129a<\/span> l\u00fd, n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kinh ph\u00e1p<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ma n\u00f3i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng<\/span> th\u00f3a m\u1ea1<\/span> kinh ph\u00e1p<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 h\u01b0 ng\u1ee5y<\/span>, b\u1eb1ng l\u1eafm c\u00e1ch, h\u1ecd h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed5<\/span> kinh ph\u00e1p<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng ai tin hi\u1ec3u kinh ph\u00e1p<\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span> b\u1ecb h\u1ecd coi l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9<\/span>; h\u1ecd, tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> l\u00e0m cho ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i<\/span>, nay do l\u00fd do<\/span> tr\u00ean m\u00e0 b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span> ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> n\u00e0y m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u (c\u00f3 v\u1ebb) gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i (ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5) trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span> b\u1eb1ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n c\u00e2u chi<\/span> na d\u1eefu \u0111a, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u00fac tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span>.<\/i>\u201d[11]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u0103n c\u1ee9 m\u1eadt \u00fd<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> m\u00e0 xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> nh\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba<\/span> ngang qua s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp<\/span> Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> Du-gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o: \u201cN\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i Du-gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o, n\u00ean bi\u1ebft \u0111a v\u0103n<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ebfp, ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span> l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>, xa-ma-tha v\u00e0 t\u1ef3-b\u00e1t-x\u00e1-na l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3, y ch\u1ec9<\/span> \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> v\u00e0 y ch\u1ec9<\/span> s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ea1c gi\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m<\/span> n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00f3 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ebfp l\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span> Du-gi\u00e0, c\u00e1c Du-gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ec, tr\u00fa, minh, k\u00ednh v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n y<\/span><\/i>\u201d<\/i>. N<\/i>\u00ean bi\u1ebft, nghe ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span> l\u00e0 tr\u00ec s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span>, l\u00e0 tr\u00fa ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n<\/span>, l\u00e0 minh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, l\u00e0 k\u00ednh s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>, l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n y<\/span>.<\/i>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00fd<\/span> lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bao qu\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 ch\u00fang<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nay con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ch\u00fa<\/span><\/p>\n

Mong \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1n b\u1ed1n \u01a1n<\/span><\/p>\n

Xin nguy\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng ai<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00e2n<\/span> th\u1eadt<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Du-gi\u00e0<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sinh \u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/span> trong s\u00e1ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111em c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> n\u00e0y<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 kh\u1eafp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1u tr\u1ecdn th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00f9a Vu Lan, 15.7.2560 (17.8.2016)<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> Qu\u1ea3ng Minh <\/b>k\u00ednh ghi<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n


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[1] M\u01b0\u1eddi chi lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0: 1. Lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> b\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p minh m\u00f4n<\/span>; 2. Lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span>; 3. Lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span>; 4. Lu\u1eadn Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>; 5. Lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma t\u1ea1p t\u1eadp; 6. Lu\u1eadn Bi\u1ec7n trung bi\u00ean<\/span>; 7. Lu\u1eadn Duy th\u1ee9c nh\u1ecb th\u1eadp<\/span>; 8. Lu\u1eadn Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> tam th\u1eadp; 9. Lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba trang nghi\u00eam<\/span> kinh; 10. Lu\u1eadn Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> Du-gi\u00e0.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[2] M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span>: 1. Lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba; 2. Lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span>; 3. Lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba trang nghi\u00eam<\/span> kinh; 4. Lu\u1eadn T\u1eadp l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; 5. Lu\u1eadn Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>; 6. Lu\u1eadn Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba kinh<\/span>; 7. Lu\u1eadn Qu\u00e1n s\u1edf duy\u00ean duy\u00ean<\/span>; 8. Lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma t\u1eadp; 9. Lu\u1eadn Duy th\u1ee9c nh\u1ecb th\u1eadp<\/span>; 10. Lu\u1eadn Bi\u1ec7n trung bi\u00ean<\/span>; 11. Lu\u1eadn Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span> Du-gi\u00e0.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[3] Lu\u1eadn Th\u00e0nh duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u6210\u552f\u8b58\u8ad6 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span> m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n<\/span> (\u4e16\u89aa, Vasubandhu, 320-400 CN) v\u00e0 H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p<\/span> (\u8b77\u6cd5, Dharmapaala, 530-561CN) cho nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> Duy th\u1ee9c<\/span> m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[4] S\u00e1u kinh l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Kinh Hoa nghi\u00eam<\/span> (c\u00f3 2 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, 1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt-\u0111\u00e0 B\u1ea1t-\u0111\u00e0-la<\/span> v\u00e0 1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Th\u1ef1c-xoa Nan-\u0111\u00e0).<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Kinh Gi\u1ea3i th\u00e2m m\u1eadt<\/span> (c\u00f3 2 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, 1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u01b0u chi<\/span> v\u00e0 1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n trang<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Kinh Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c trang nghi\u00eam<\/span> (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n v\u0103n).<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong Nhi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn<\/span>, Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba lu\u1eadn<\/span> nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n v\u0103n, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n).<\/span><\/p>\n

5. Kinh L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span> (c\u00f3 3 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, 1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i C\u1ea7u-na B\u1ea1t-\u0111\u00e0-la<\/span>, 1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 L\u01b0u-chi<\/span> v\u00e0 1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Th\u1ef1c-xoa Nan-\u0111\u00e0).<\/span><\/p>\n

6. Kinh H\u1eadu nghi\u00eam<\/span> (ch\u01b0a truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch, c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span> m\u1eadt nghi\u00eam<\/span> do ng\u00e0i Nh\u1eadt Chi\u1ebfu<\/span> d\u1ecbch).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[5] M\u1ed9t kinh l\u00e0 kinh Gi\u1ea3i th\u00e2m m\u1eadt<\/span>. M\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> \u0111\u1ecba.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[6] S\u01a1 \u0111i\u00eau b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Cao ly t\u1ea1ng<\/span> (First edition of Tripitaka Koreana ) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc in v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1011, d\u00f9ng Th\u1ee5c B\u1ea3n<\/span> (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1eafc T\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3n hay Khai b\u1ea3o t\u1ea1ng<\/span>, 971~983) l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c, th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e1c so\u1ea1n thu\u1eadt ghi trong Trinh Nguy\u00ean M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/span>, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/span> n\u0103m 1082. T\u00e1i \u0111i\u00eau b\u1ea3n (Second edition) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc in t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1236 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1251 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i T\u00e0ng kinh c\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9a H\u1ea3i \u1ea4n<\/span> (Haein), \u00a0\u1edf Hapcheon,\u00a0 t\u1ec9nh South Gyeongsang.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[7] S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u01a1 \u0111i\u00eau b\u1ea3n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/span> \u1edf Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n<\/span> g\u1ea5p 8 l\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf H\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[8] Ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang n\u0103m Trinh Qu\u00e1n th\u1ee9 19, ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An<\/span>. Th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cao t\u0103ng<\/span> t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ecbch b\u1ed9 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t t\u1ea1ng<\/span> kinh\u201d g\u1ed3m 20 cu\u1ed1n; 9 th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/span>.\u00a0Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba lu\u1eadn<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m Trinh Qu\u00e1n th\u1ee9 20 (646) \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m Trinh Qu\u00e1n th\u1ee9 22 (648).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[9] Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba lu\u1eadn<\/span>, quy\u1ec3n 85, tr. 772c09.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[10] C\u1ea7u-na B\u1ea1t-\u0111\u00e0-la\u6c42\u90a3\u8dcb\u9640\u7f85 (Gu\u1e47abhadra, 394\u2013468) H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec1n<\/span> \u529f\u5fb3\u8ce2. L\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u0129 d\u1ecbch kinh<\/span> v\u00e0o th\u1eddi L\u01b0u T\u1ed1ng \u5289\u5b8b. S\u01b0 sinh \u1edf v\u00f9ng Trung \u1ea4n<\/span>, sau \u0111\u00f3 qua T\u00edch Lan<\/span>, r\u1ed3i qua Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. S\u01b0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec1u kinh lu\u1eadn<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>, Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba<\/span>, nh\u1ea5t khi s\u01b0 \u1edf ch\u00f9a K\u1ef3 Ho\u00e0n t\u1ea1i Ki\u1ebfn Khang v\u00e0 T\u00e2n t\u1ef1 \u1edf H\u00ecnh Ch\u00e2u. Trong s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 30 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch H\u00e1n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a S\u01b0, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m, kinh Th\u1eafng Man, v\u00e0 kinh Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 \u2013 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch th\u1ee9 hai sau b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0m-v\u00f4-s\u1ea5m. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a S\u01b0 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1. S\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u \u1edf H\u1ed3 Nam<\/span> k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng<\/span>. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng, S\u01b0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span> tu theo thuy\u1ebft\u00a0\u201ctr\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span>, ki\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/span> th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt\u201d \u2013 v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, S\u01b0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp<\/span> Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/span>. S\u01b0 m\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> n\u0103m 468, th\u1ecd 75 tu\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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[ad_1] LU\u1eacN HI\u1ec2N D\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u00c1NH GI\u00c1O \u0110\u1ea1i s\u0129 V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o lu\u1eadn Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n Qu\u1ea3ng Minh Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u00a0\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7866,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[104],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-7865","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-giai-dap-nghi-hoac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7865","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7865"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7865\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7865"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7865"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7865"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=7865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}