{"id":7879,"date":"2020-12-06T20:55:59","date_gmt":"2020-12-06T13:55:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/06\/ai-duc-va-cac-phien-nao-khac\/"},"modified":"2020-12-06T20:55:59","modified_gmt":"2020-12-06T13:55:59","slug":"ai-duc-va-cac-phien-nao-khac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/06\/ai-duc-va-cac-phien-nao-khac\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c1i D\u1ee5c V\u00e0 C\u00e1c Phi\u1ec1n N\u00e3o Kh\u00e1c"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng<\/span><\/span>
\u00c1I D\u1ee4C<\/span><\/span> V\u00c0 C\u00c1C PHI\u1ec0N N\u00c3O<\/span><\/span> KH\u00c1C
(Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> – ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI)
<\/span>
B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t: \u0110\u1eb7ng H\u1eefu Ph\u00fac<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u00c1i

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B\u1ea3n Anh: Lucid Exposition of the Middle Way. The Essential Chapters from the PRASANNAPADA of Candrakirti, translated from the Sanskrit by Mervyn Sprung in collaboration with T.R.V. Murtiand U.S. Vyas. Routledge 1979 — pp. 109-114 (Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng<\/span><\/span>. Hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y<\/span><\/span> Trung \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span>. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ecd<\/span><\/span> \/ Minh c\u00fa lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, c\u00e1c x\u1ee9, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi (\u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00f3, l\u1eeda, h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c) hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span><\/span> (exist in fact). Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng g\u00ec? Do v\u00ec s\u1ef1 tri nh\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span><\/span> phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span><\/span> (samklesa) n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9, gi\u1edbi. L\u00ed lu\u1eadn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 tri nh\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span><\/span> phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>, nh\u01b0, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a con trai m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh con (th\u1ea1ch n\u1eef<\/span><\/span>) v\u1ec1 con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh con.\u00a0 Do th\u1ebf \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> (Skt. raga; desire) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span><\/span> kh\u00e1c (klesa; afflictions) hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span>\u00a0 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span><\/span> phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, \u201c N\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u00ec kheo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> tinh t\u1ebf<\/span><\/span>, quy ph\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/span> h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a danh, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u1edbi con m\u1eaft, trung th\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00fang h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span><\/span>. T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 trung th\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra; b\u1ecb \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> ch\u1ee5p b\u1eaft, k\u1ebb n\u00e0y\u00a0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> \u2013 trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> \u2013 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh t\u1eeb ba phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span><\/span>, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 ngu si<\/span><\/span> (raga, dvesa, moha) …\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0+ N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> (Desire presupposes one desiring<\/i>)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong ph\u1ea7n ph\u00fac \u0111\u00e1p<\/span><\/span>, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, c\u00e1c x\u1ee9, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> n\u1ebfu \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span><\/span> kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>. L\u00ed lu\u1eadn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> tinh t\u1ebf<\/span><\/span>, s\u1ebd ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> (presuppose) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> m\u00e0 k\u1ebb n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0, hai l\u00e0, (s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t<\/span><\/span>) k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3\u00a0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>. Ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u2013 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> \u2013 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

VI.<\/i> 1<\/i> N\u1ebfu k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed<\/span><\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> s\u1ebd t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0o k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>.\u00a0 <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u201c\u00e1i d\u1ee5c\u201d bao g\u1ed3m<\/span><\/span> \u00e1i luy\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span>, s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, s\u1ef1 tham l\u1ee3i<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng<\/span><\/span> t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y.\u00a0 \u00c1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> (rakta). N\u1ebfu k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span>\u00a0 v\u1edbi n\u00f3, k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> (rahita); trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n c\u1ee9\u00a0 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> m\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>.\u00a0 Trong c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i n\u00e0y, khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span><\/span> trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> khi m\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u1ea5y \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 h\u1eefu \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> \u2013 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u1ebfu, trong c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> trong m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> khi m\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>, v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span><\/span> h\u00e3y xem n\u1ebfu k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> \u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3i:<\/span><\/p>\n

VI. <\/i>2<\/i>ab N\u1ebfu k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> s\u1ebd sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/i> <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> n\u1ebfu k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> n\u1ebfu k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? \u00a0M\u1ed9t \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf y\/c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a\/basis, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> \u2013 conceded existence \u2013 hay sao ? B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 h\u1eefu tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> ch\u00edn.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 + N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> ( One desiring presupposes desire<\/i>)<\/i>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span><\/span> xen v\u00e0o<\/span><\/span>: \u201cNgay d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c \u00e1i<\/span><\/span> d\u1ee5c tuy th\u1ebf<\/span><\/span> k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> v\u00ec k\u1ebb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c; nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> th\u00ec v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span> l\u00ed khi ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>; th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>.\u201d Ph\u00fac \u0111\u00e1p<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> t\u1edbi kh\u00e1ng bi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 (our rejoinder) l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> n\u1ebfu k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span><\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span><\/span> b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 do ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u<\/span><\/span> (But Nagarjuna says that neither alternative is intelligible).<\/span><\/p>\n

VI. 2cd N\u1ebfu k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> th\u00ec h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 nhau d\u00f9 cho \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span><\/span> k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n xem \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do b\u1ea1n ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u<\/span><\/span>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>. \u201cN\u1ebfu \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> …\u201d v\u00e0 v.v… Ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t<\/span><\/span> k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u201cN\u1ebfu \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c? \u201d (VI. 2ab) \u2013 N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>, c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9, gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(Hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ed3n\/t\u1ed3n li\u00ean. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u00e1t na<\/span><\/span> bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch<\/span><\/span> \u2013 momentarines, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> \u2013 continumm of becoming. \u0110HP)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 + \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span><\/i> <\/i>— <\/i>(<\/i>Simultaneity<\/i> or conjunction of desire and the one desiring)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i xen v\u00e0o<\/span><\/span> r\u1eb1ng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span><\/span> kh\u1edfi c\u00e1i n\u00e0y sau c\u00e1i kia \/ ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span>. N\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang<\/span><\/span> h\u01a1n, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh (Skt. sahaiva). N\u00f3 l\u00e0 do b\u1edfi<\/span><\/span> m\u1ed9t \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201ck\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c\u201d (\u201cone desiring\u201d). Do th\u1ebf c\u1ea3 hai \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span><\/span>. Ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span><\/span> c\u0169ng ph\u00fac \u0111\u00e1p<\/span><\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n

VI.<\/i> 3ab<\/i> <\/i>S\u1ef1 sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi<\/i> <\/i>\u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed;<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, b\u1edfi v\u00ec,<\/span><\/p>\n

VI.<\/i> 3cd<\/i> \u00a0<\/i>b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> s\u1ebd sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span><\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1edfi v\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con b\u00f2, l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 (now: because of that) \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a hai c\u00e1i n\u00e0y, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang (ekatva) ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang (prthaktva). B\u1edfi v\u00ec<\/span><\/p>\n

VI.<\/i> 4a <\/i>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh trong s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>;<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span><\/span> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

VI.<\/i> 4b<\/i> Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh n\u00f3.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Quan li\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u00ec d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n

VI.<\/i> 4cd<\/i> Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span><\/span> d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u1ef1c ra<\/span><\/span>\u00a0 b\u1ea1n ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd quan s\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> h\u1eefu d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

VI.<\/i> 5<\/i> \u00a0<\/i>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh trong s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t (<\/i>t<\/i>\u1ec9 d\u1ee5, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span><\/i>)<\/i>, v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span><\/span> s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span> th\u1ee9 hai; n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh ngay d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span> th\u1ee9 hai.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh trong s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span><\/span> b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u201cb\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh\u201d v\u00e0 v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span><\/span> s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t trong hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span>. Th\u00eam n\u1eefa , n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u00a0d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span><\/span> nguy\u00ean l\u00ed \u201cb\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh\u201d, v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span><\/span> s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span> m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, t\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con b\u00f2 th\u00ec d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3i th\u00eam n\u1eefa,<\/span><\/p>\n

+ T\u00ednh h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t<\/i> (Reciprocality of simultaneity or conjunction and separateness or difference)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

VI. 6 N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh trong s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, tr\u00ean c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. L\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> (siddhi)? L\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0o \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai? M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a con b\u00f2 v\u00e0 con ng\u1ef1a, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> do s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 quan s\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Nh\u01b0ng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> trong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y; do th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a hai s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> trong vai tr\u00f2<\/span><\/span> hai c\u00e1i d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n

VI. 7ab\u00a0 Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, do v\u1eady, ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span><\/span> h\u1ecfi, v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c<\/span><\/span> n\u1eefa?<\/span><\/p>\n

VI. 7cd \u00a0M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> m\u00e0 \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span><\/span> th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a hai s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> trong vai tr\u00f2<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1i d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111ang \u0111inh ninh (assuming) r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> trong vai tr\u00f2<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1i d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u1eady c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span><\/span> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0,<\/span><\/p>\n

VI. 8ab \u00d4ng gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh ngay d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> theo c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang v\u1eabn l\u00e0 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t<\/span><\/span> m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh<\/span><\/span> s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh n\u1ebfu hai c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n

VI. 8cd\u00a0 V\u00e0 d\u00f9 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh \u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t. \u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 quan li\u00ean h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/span>, c\u00e1i n\u00e0o trong hai c\u00e1i \u2013 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh — \u00a0l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i,<\/span><\/p>\n

VI.9 \u00a0N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3; nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span><\/span> s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh n\u00e0o \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong t\u00e2m?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1ef1 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan li\u00ean t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 trong n\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span>. Ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 h\u1eefu: \u201cn\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span><\/span> s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh n\u00e0o \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong t\u00e2m?\u201d. Do v\u1eady, ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3i, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span>, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span><\/i>,<\/span><\/p>\n

VI. 10ab \u00a0Do v\u1eady \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> trong s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>. <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i n\u00e0y sau c\u00e1i kia\/ ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i<\/span><\/span> ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span>, do th\u1ebf, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/span> k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y t\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3i<\/span><\/p>\n

VI. 10cd \u00a0C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh. <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0, b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/span><\/span> s\u1ef1 phi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span><\/span>, ngu si<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ebb ngu si<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 v.v…\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span><\/span> kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00ed do n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/span><\/span>, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb \u201cC\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span><\/span> t\u1ecda th\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>; c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span><\/span>, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span><\/span> t\u1ecda th\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span><\/span>; c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ngu si<\/span><\/span>, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span><\/span> t\u1ecda th\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i\u00a0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ngu si<\/span><\/span>; b\u1ea1n ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfu soi\/t\u01b0 duy m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 tri nh\u1eadn trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o xem m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. B\u1ea1n k\u1ebb ch\u1eb3ng chi\u1ebfu soi\/t\u01b0 duy m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eb3ng tri nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0<\/span><\/span> th\u1ebf th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span><\/span>, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ngu si<\/span><\/span>, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e2m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span><\/span> ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> sai b\u1eady\/ v\u1ecdng ki\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span>: l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span><\/span> —\u00a0 realized man. K\u1ebb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua t\u1edbi b\u1edd kia; \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh<\/span><\/span>…\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span>. K\u1ebb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span><\/span> ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span><\/span>, \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, k\u1ebb m\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy<\/span><\/span> m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o; k\u1ebb c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c cao qu\u00fd, m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn\u00a0 uy l\u1ef1c<\/span><\/span>, k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span><\/span> s\u1ebd l\u00e0m, k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong \u00a0g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span><\/span> s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn c\u00e1c kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>, k\u1ebb m\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o do tu t\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span><\/span>, k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1\u00a0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span><\/span> tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m<\/span><\/span>. K\u1ebb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sa m\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> \u2013 sramana\u201d Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ecbnh V\u01b0\u01a1ng Kinh<\/span><\/span> \u2013Samadhiraja Sutra.V\u00e0 v.v…<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00e0 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u00ed h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span><\/span>, c\u00e1c say \u0111\u1eafm<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 ngu si<\/span><\/span> nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span><\/span> b\u1ecb sinh ra b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 sai tr\u1eadt \u2013falsity, (th\u1ebf n\u00ean) h\u1ecd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span><\/span> nh\u1eefng nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01a1 h\u1ed3<\/span><\/span> v\u00f4 \u00edch<\/span><\/span>; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span><\/span> trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y; h\u1ecd th\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span><\/span> b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> Anh Vi\u1ec7t<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>: Skt. raga; desire; passion; covetuous; greed<\/span><\/p>\n

k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>: Skt. rakta; one desiring; impassioned self; covetous self; impassioned one<\/span><\/p>\n

c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n: the factors of personal existence; c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

c\u00e1c x\u1ee9: the bases of cognitions; c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi: the primal elements : \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00f3, l\u1eeda, h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ed3n\/t\u1ed3n li\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u00e1t na<\/span><\/span> bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch<\/span><\/span> \u2013 momentarines, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> \u2013 continumm of becoming.<\/span><\/p>\n

kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> tinh t\u1ebf<\/span><\/span>: unsophisticated<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh: spontaneity; conjunction<\/span><\/p>\n

d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t: separate; separateness; different; difference<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[ad_1] Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng\u00c1I D\u1ee4C V\u00c0 C\u00c1C PHI\u1ec0N N\u00c3O KH\u00c1C(Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Trung Lu\u1eadn – ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI)B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t: \u0110\u1eb7ng H\u1eefu Ph\u00fac B\u1ea3n Anh: Lucid Exposition of the Middle Way.\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7880,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[104],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-7879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-giai-dap-nghi-hoac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7879"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7879\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7880"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7879"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=7879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}