{"id":7881,"date":"2020-12-06T21:00:09","date_gmt":"2020-12-06T14:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/06\/tong-luan-nam-thu-uan\/"},"modified":"2020-12-06T21:00:09","modified_gmt":"2020-12-06T14:00:09","slug":"tong-luan-nam-thu-uan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/06\/tong-luan-nam-thu-uan\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng Lu\u1eadn: N\u0103m Th\u1ee7 U\u1ea9n"},"content":{"rendered":"

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T\u1ed5ng Lu\u1eadn: N\u0103m Th\u1ee7 U\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u00ean<\/span><\/p>\n

\"T\u01b0\u01a1ng

I\/\u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A<\/span><\/h2>\n

I.1.\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/h4>\n
N\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>, th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>, t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>, h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>[1]<\/a>.<\/span><\/div>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> U\u1ea9n \u860a, nguy\u00ean ng\u1eef Sanskrit l\u00e0 skandha<\/i>, P\u0101li l\u00e0 khandha<\/i>, H\u00e1n phi\u00ean \u00e2m: T\u1eafc-ki\u1ec7n-\u0111\u00e0 \u585e\u5065\u9640, d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5<\/span><\/span>, lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi<\/span><\/span> (sa\u1e43sk\u1e5bta<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb skandha<\/i>, H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 u\u1ea9n v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span>: t\u00edch t\u1eadp. Theo A-t\u00ec-\u0111\u1ea1t ma C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span>[2]<\/b><\/a><\/i>, ch\u1eef \u2018u\u1ea9n\u2019 c\u00f3 ba \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

–<\/b>H\u00f2a h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> t\u1ee5<\/i><\/b>: Nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span><\/span> t\u00edch nh\u00f3m m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7.<\/span><\/p>\n

–<\/b>Ki\u00ean<\/i><\/b>: Ki\u00ean l\u00e0 vai. Vai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng<\/span><\/span> (k\u0101ryabh\u0101rodvahana<\/i>) vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0m, \u201cch\u00fang sinh<\/span><\/span> mang g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a u\u1ea9n m\u00e0 \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a sinh t\u1eed<\/span><\/span><\/i>\u201d[3]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

–<\/b>Chia \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/i><\/b>: c\u00e1i kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n (praccheda<\/i>), b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia c\u1eaft. Ya\u015bomitra n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00e1i kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span><\/span>, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n k\u1ef3<\/i>\u201d[4]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span> gi\u1edbi<\/i> c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn<\/i> C\u00e2u-x\u00e1<\/i> c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cr\u0101\u015by\u0101yadv\u0101ragotr\u0101rth\u0101\u1e25 skandh\u0101yatanadh\u0101tava\u1e25<\/i>\/\u201d[5]<\/a>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cU\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi,<\/span><\/p>\n

c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ee5, sinh m\u00f4n\u00a0v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span><\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eef \u2018s<\/i>kandha<\/i>\u2019<\/i>: kh\u1ed1i, t\u00edch t\u1eadp, ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m v.v..<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem k<\/i>inh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m<\/i> <\/i>thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh T\u00e2n Tu<\/i>, trang 15a, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fang ta<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh v\u0103n P\u0101li t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cY<\/i>a\u1e43 ki\u00f1ci bhikkhu r\u016bpa\u1e43 at\u012bt\u0101n\u0101gatapaccuppannam ajhatta\u1e43 v\u0101 bahiddh\u0101 v\u0101 o\u1e37\u0101lika\u1e43 v\u0101 sukhuma\u1e43 v\u0101 hi\u1e47a\u1e43 v\u0101 pa\u1e47ita\u1e43 v\u0101 ya\u1e43 d\u016bre santike v\u0101<\/i>\u201d[6]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span><\/span>, ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb lai<\/span><\/span>, ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span>, ho\u1eb7c trong, ho\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i, ho\u0103c th\u00f4, ho\u1eb7c vi t\u1ebf<\/span><\/span>, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m<\/span><\/span>, ho\u1eb7c vi di\u1ec7u<\/span><\/span>, ho\u1eb7c xa, ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma \u0110<\/i>\u1ea1i T\u00ec-b\u00e0-sa <\/i>l<\/i>u\u1eadn<\/i>, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ngh\u0129a: \u201cU\u1ea9n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ee5 <\/i>\u805a; hi\u1ec7p <\/i>\u5408; t\u00edch <\/i>\u7a4d; l\u01b0\u1ee3c <\/i>\u7565.\u201d[7]<\/b><\/a><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec t\u1eeb Sanskrit \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 r\u0101\u015bi<\/i>, v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ed1ng, t\u1ee5, t\u00edch t\u1ee5\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong Madhy\u0101ntavibh\u0101ga-bh\u0101\u1e63ya[8]<\/b><\/a><\/i>, c\u00f3 b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a u\u1ea9n: \u201canekatv\u0101bhisa\u1e43k\u1e63epaparicched\u0101rtha \u0101dita\u1e25<\/i>\u201d, m\u00e0 Bi\u1ec7n trung bi\u00ean<\/i> lu\u1eadn <\/i>ch\u1eef H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0: \u201c\u975e\u4e00\u53ca\u7e3d\u7565, \u5206\u6bb5\u7fa9\u540d\u860a: phi nh\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c\/ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a u\u1ea9n\u201d [9]<\/a>. Theo \u0111\u00e2y, u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 ba ngh\u0129a:<\/span><\/p>\n

-Phi nh\u1ea5t <\/i>(anekatva<\/i>): kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

–<\/i>T<\/i>\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c <\/i>(abhisa\u1e43k\u1e63epa<\/i>): <\/i>t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gom th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

-Ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/i> (pariccheda<\/i>): <\/i>ph\u00e2n nh\u00f3m, t\u00f9y theo<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span><\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb skandha<\/i>, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u1ea4m \u9670, v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 che \u0111\u1eady<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u00f4i khi skandha<\/i> c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Ch\u00fang \u773e, ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 T\u1ee5 \u805a v.v..<\/span><\/p>\n

I.2.Th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTh\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n \u53d6\u860a\u201d, Sanskrit: up\u0101d\u0101naskandh\u0101<\/i>, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u1ea5m \u53d6\u9670. C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/i> <\/i>\u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201c\/8a\/ H\u1eefu l\u1eadu<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span><\/i>…<\/i>*<\/sup> <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00e1c th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 u\u1ea9n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh v\u00f4 l\u1eadu<\/span><\/span>. Trong \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ho\u1eb7c u\u1ea9n t\u1eeb th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1t sinh, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>. Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i: l\u1eeda sinh ra t\u1eeb tr\u1ea5u, t\u1eeb r\u01a1m n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1eeda tr\u1ea5u, l\u1eeda r\u01a1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ho\u1eb7c u\u1ea9n l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c<\/span><\/span> th\u1ee7 n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>. Nh\u01b0 b\u1ec1 t\u00f4i tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c Vua n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 t\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Vua (V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea7n).<\/span><\/p>\n

Ho\u1eb7c u\u1ea9n sinh th\u1ee7 n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y sinh ra hoa, qu\u1ea3 n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2y hoa, c\u00e2y \u0103n tr\u00e1i.\u201d[10]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eef \u2018th\u1ee7\u2019 trong n\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi<\/span><\/span> \u201cth\u1ee7 <\/i>(up\u0101d\u0101na<\/i>)\u201d trong 12 chi duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span><\/span>, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb: up\u0101-\u221ad\u0101<\/i>, b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t, vin v\u00e0o, m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3.<\/span><\/p>\n

A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma <\/i>Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n t\u00fac lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/i> (trang 511) \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a: \u201c<\/i>Th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a <\/i>K<\/i>h\u00e1t \u00e1i.\u201d <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1eady th\u1ee7 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Kh\u00e1t \u00e1i<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t s\u0103n \u0111u\u1ed5i<\/span><\/span>. N\u00ean ng\u00e0i Vasubandhu n\u00f3i Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 do ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

II\/PH\u00c2N T\u00cdCH N\u0102M U\u1ea8N<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

1.S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> (R\u016bpa-skandha)<\/span><\/h4>\n

Ch\u1eef s\u1eafc \u8272<\/span><\/span>, Sanskrit: r<\/i>\u016bpa<\/i>: kh\u1ed1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span><\/span>, c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n: 1\/\u221ar\u016bp<\/i>: t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, khung \u0111\u1ee1;[11]<\/a> 2\/ \u221arup<\/i>: \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn<\/span><\/span>, v\u1ee1 tan<\/span><\/span>[12]<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh sau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span> s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

K<\/i>i\u00f1ca bhikkhave r\u016bpa\u1e43 vadetha. ruppat\u012bti kho bhikkhave tasm\u0101 r\u016bpan ti vuccati kena ruppati. s\u012btena<\/i>\u2026 [13]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc? N\u00f3 b\u0103ng ho\u1ea1i, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, v\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc. B\u1ecb b\u0103ng ho\u1ea1i b\u1edfi c\u00e1i g\u00ec? B\u1edfi \u0111\u00e1, v.v\u2026\u201d .<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo ng\u1eef nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y, ch\u1eef r\u016bpa<\/i>, do \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb rump<\/i> [lump<\/i>]: tan v\u1ee1. Ng\u00e0i Sthiramati trong Qu\u1ea3ng <\/i>n<\/i>g\u0169 <\/i>u<\/i>\u1ea9n<\/i> lu\u1eadn<\/i> \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cS\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span> ch\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span> ch\u1ee7ng<\/i> <\/i>(\u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng<\/span><\/span> s\u1edf t\u1ea1o)\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i Vasubandhu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> trong lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1<\/i>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cS\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(9a-b) S\u1eafc <\/i>ch\u1ec9<\/i> l\u00e0 n\u0103m c\u0103n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u<\/span><\/span><\/i>**<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i <\/i>th\u00edch <\/i>r\u1eb1ng: N\u0103m c\u0103n: nh\u00e3n c\u0103n<\/span><\/span>, nh\u0129 c\u0103n<\/span><\/span>, t\u1ef7 c\u0103n<\/span><\/span>, thi\u1ec7t c\u0103n<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u0103n<\/span><\/span>. N\u0103m c\u1ea3nh: t\u1ee9c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u0103m c\u0103n, nh\u00e3n . . .; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00fac. V\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u<\/span><\/span><\/i>: l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc<\/span><\/span>. Ch\u1ec9 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span><\/span> s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n<\/i>\u00e0<\/i>y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> t\u00ean g\u1ecdi s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>.\u201d<\/i>[14]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> t<\/b>hu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/b>:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1eafc, <\/b>t\u1ee9c kh\u1ed1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/span><\/span> cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m c\u0103n<\/i><\/b>, ch\u1eef c\u0103n ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit l\u00e0 indriya<\/i>, t\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/span>. Theo Vasubandhu: c\u0103n l\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c<\/span><\/span> \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span> khi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi \u2018c\u0103n\u2019 m\u00e0 Sanskrit vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u016bla<\/i>: r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi lu\u1eadn Ko\u015ba ii<\/i>: ka\u1e25 punar indriy\u0101rtha\u1e25 idi parami\u015bvarye. tasya indant\u012bti indriy\u0101\u1e47i. ata \u0101dhipaty\u0101rtha indriy\u0101rtha\u1e25<\/i>. \u201cC\u0103n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Do \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n \u221aid<\/i> (= ind<\/i>: \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u01b0u th\u1ebf<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang n\u00f3<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang n\u00f3<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 c\u0103n\u201d. C\u0103n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch C\u00e2u-x\u00e1<\/i> lu\u1eadn<\/i> 3<\/i>, trang 13b12, Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng d\u1ecbch: \u6700\u52dd\u81ea\u5728\u5149\u986f\u540d\u6839\u7531\u6b64\u7e3d\u6210\u6839\u589e\u4e0a\u7fa9. C\u0103n, theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 ba ngh\u0129a: t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span><\/span>, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span>, t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m c\u1ea3nh<\/b>[15]<\/a>, n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u0103m c\u0103n, t\u1ee9c s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00fac. Ch\u1eef \u201cc\u1ea3nh\u201d: \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u1ea7n\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u<\/span><\/span><\/b>, tuy l\u1ea5y s\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 h\u1eefu bi\u1ec3u, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0y ra ngo\u00e0i khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u<\/span><\/span>. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span>, v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> sinh ra t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p, hay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> (Vedan\u0101-skandha)<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi lu\u1eadn K<\/i>o\u015ba<\/i>, i. 14: vedan\u0101\u2019 nubhava\u1e25<\/i>, th\u1ecd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m (Th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh<\/span><\/span> n\u1ea1p t\u00f9y x\u00fac \u53d7\u9818\u7d0d\u96a8\u89f8).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Sthiramati \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp: vedan\u0101 anubhavasvabh\u0101v\u0101<\/i>, th\u1ecd, c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span><\/span> trong v\u0103n h\u1ec7 P\u0101li: \u201cvedayat\u012b\u201fti kho bhikkhave tasm\u0101 vedan\u0101 ti<\/i>\u201d n\u00f3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 th\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i Sthiramati <\/i>\u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span> Qu\u1ea3ng ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> lu\u1eadn<\/i> (trang 0851b15): \u201cTh\u1ecd u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c. Th\u1ecd c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i: l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd<\/span><\/span>, kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

–Thu\u1eadn ch<\/i>\u00e1<\/i>nh l\u00fd 2<\/i> (trang 338c26): Th\u1ecd c\u00f3 hai, 1. ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span><\/span> th\u1ecd<\/i>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3nh s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span><\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; 2. t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span><\/span> th\u1ecd<\/i>, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m t\u00f9y theo<\/span><\/span> x\u00fac, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span><\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo lu\u1eadn<\/i> C\u00e2u-x\u00e1<\/i>, th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i: l\u1ea1c, kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c<\/span><\/span>. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, th\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n (l\u1ee5c th\u1ecd th\u00e2n<\/span><\/span>) – c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn sinh ra do nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span>; cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn sinh ra do \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. T\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> (sa\u1e43j\u00f1\u0101-skandha):<\/span><\/h4>\n

Ng\u00e0i Sthiramati <\/i>trong \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span> Qu\u1ea3ng ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> lu\u1eadn,<\/i> trang 0851b20 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a: \u201cT\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span><\/span> n\u1eafm b\u1eaft th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/span>, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span><\/span> n\u1eafm b\u1eaft\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i Vasubandhu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> trong lu\u1eadn<\/i> C\u00e2u-x\u00e1<\/i> (k.14cd): \u201csa\u1e43j\u00f1\u0101 nimittodgraha\u1e47\u0101tmik\u0101<\/i>, t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u\u201d (t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi th\u1ec3 \u60f3\u53d6\u50cf\u70ba\u9ad4).<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> P\u0101li c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng: sa\u00f1j\u0101n\u0101t\u012b ti kho bhikkhave tasma sa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 ti vuccati<\/i>, n\u00f3 tri gi\u00e1c<\/span><\/span> (tri nh\u1eadn), do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span>, T\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span><\/span> \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0m th\u1ec3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng xanh v\u00e0ng, d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn, nam n\u1eef<\/span><\/span>, o\u00e1n th\u00e2n<\/span><\/span>, kh\u1ed5 vui v.v… T\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng chia th\u00e0nh s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e2n, y c\u1ee9<\/span><\/span> theo c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> (sa\u1e43sk\u0101ra<\/i><\/b>–<\/i><\/b>skandha):<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh t\u1ee9c \u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span><\/span>, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c<\/span><\/span> th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span><\/span> t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s<\/i>a\u1e43sk\u0101ra<\/i>, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n s<\/i>a<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>-\u221askri<\/i>, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o v\u1edbi nhau<\/span><\/span>, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi<\/span><\/span> nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n s<\/i>a<\/i>\u1e43<\/i>s-\u221akri<\/i> th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/span><\/span>, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/span> li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/span> A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m <\/i>th\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u1eef ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span> hay th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span><\/span> b\u1edfi T\u01b0 hay \u00dd ch\u00ed<\/span><\/span> (cetan\u0101<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i Sthiramati <\/i>trong \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span> Qu\u1ea3ng ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> lu\u1eadn<\/i>, trang 0851b22, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a: \u201cH\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Tr\u1eeb th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>, t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> ra, nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> theo kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> P\u0101li:<\/span><\/p>\n

sa\u1e45khata\u1e43 abhisa\u1e45kharont\u012b\u201fti kho bhikkhavve sa\u1e45kh\u0101r\u0101\u201f ti vuccati<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u00fang t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi<\/span><\/span>, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i Vasubandhu gi\u1ea3ng lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> r\u00f5:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNgo\u00e0i (c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c) s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n\u2026 h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, t\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c (nghi\u1ec7p); n\u00f3 (t\u01b0) c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span><\/span>. Do v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> d\u1ea1y: n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu l\u1eadu<\/span><\/span>, h\u1eefu vi<\/span><\/span>, g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> … N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span><\/span> kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o u\u1ea9n\u2026<\/i> <\/i>Cho n\u00ean, ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi<\/span><\/span> c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>.<\/i>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span><\/span> H\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> ph\u1ea3i g\u00ec xa l\u1ea1<\/span><\/span>, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00dd ch\u00ed<\/span><\/span>, hay \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c<\/span><\/span> th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n

5. Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> (vij\u00f1\u0101na-skandha)<\/span><\/h4>\n

Th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v<\/i>ij\u00f1\u0101na<\/i>: s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span>, th\u00f4ng tin.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> theo lu\u1eadn<\/i> C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 1<\/i>: \u201cvij\u00f1\u0101na\u1e43 prati vij\u00f1apti\u1e25<\/i>, Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t\u201d (Th\u1ee9c v\u1ecb c\u00e1c li\u1ec5u bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span> \u8b58\u8b02\u5404\u4e86\u5225).<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/span>\u00a0cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> c\u00f2n chia th\u00e0nh s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n<\/span><\/span>: nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> th\u00e2n cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> th\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a theo Kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> P\u0101li: vij\u0101n\u0101t\u012b\u201f ti kho bhikkhave vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101nan\u201f ti vuccati<\/i>, n\u00f3 li\u1ec5u bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span>, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1eady th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 cho s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tri nh\u1eadn hay th\u00f4ng tri<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

IV.K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/span><\/span>: CHI\u00caM NGHI\u1ec6M<\/span><\/span> V\u00c0 TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> theo s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n<\/span><\/span> s\u00e1t ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, t\u1ee9c s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 n\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>, s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n<\/span><\/span> s\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y r\u00f5 trong kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m,<\/i> kinh<\/i> s\u1ed1 1-8, thu\u1ed9c thi\u00ean T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span><\/span> n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cQu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1eafc l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span>. Qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh. Khi \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh th\u00ec s\u1ebd sinh ra nh\u00e0m t\u1edfm. Khi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00e0m t\u1edfm th\u00ec d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch h\u1ef7 tham. S\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch h\u1ef7 tham \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u1eady, qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span>. Qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh. Khi \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh th\u00ec s\u1ebd sinh ra nh\u00e0m t\u1edfm. Khi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00e0m t\u1edfm th\u00ec d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch h\u1ef7 tham. S\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch h\u1ef7 tham \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: \u201cNh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng<\/span><\/span> t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng<\/span><\/span>, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: \u2018Ta, s\u1ef1 sinh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t, ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sinh<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/span><\/span> n\u1eefa.\u2019[18]<\/a> V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span>: \u201cC\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span>, qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng, phi ng\u00e3<\/span><\/span> c\u0169ng v\u1eady<\/i>.\u201d V\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span><\/span>, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> ch\u00fang ta<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span><\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng-kh\u1ed5-kh\u00f4ng-v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0 sau[19]<\/a>:<\/span><\/p>\n

a. V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span>:<\/b>– B\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/span> trong kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf<\/span><\/span>, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 ba: 1. V\u00f4 t\u00ednh<\/span><\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span><\/i>, v\u00ec t\u00ednh th\u1ec3 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span>. 2. Kh\u1edfi t\u1eadn v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span><\/i>, v\u00ec c\u00f3 sinh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t. 3. C\u1ea5u t\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span><\/i>, v\u00ec chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0b. Kh\u1ed5.<\/b>– Kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 ba: 1. S\u1edf th\u1ee7<\/span><\/span> kh\u1ed5<\/i>, v\u00ec b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span><\/span> b\u1edfi hai ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. 2. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/span> kh\u1ed5<\/i>, do ba kh\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u1edbng. 3. H\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p kh\u1ed5<\/i>, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span><\/span> kh\u1ed5.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0c. Kh\u00f4ng<\/b>.- Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba: 1. V\u00f4 t\u00ednh<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng<\/i>, v\u00ec t\u00ednh th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu. 2. D\u1ecb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span><\/i>, v\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span><\/span> b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c. 3. T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng<\/i>, v\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/span><\/span> b\u1edfi hai Kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

d. V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span><\/span>.<\/b>– V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 ba: 1. V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/span> v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span><\/span><\/i>, v\u00ec ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng. 2. D\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/span> v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span><\/span><\/i>, v\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e3 b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c. 3. T\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/span> v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/span><\/span> b\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m kinh<\/span><\/span> B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 <\/i>\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y: \u201cB\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0100rya-Avalokit\u00e9svara trong khi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/span> B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 ba-la-m\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m<\/span><\/span>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> (skandha); v\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng trong t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span><\/span><\/i>\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ai th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 n\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>, s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n<\/span><\/span> s\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng Tr\u00e1i tim B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 song v\u1eadn v\u1edbi T\u00ecnh y\u00eau ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ebf h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u201cT\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng\u201d, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span>: \u201c\u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch<\/span><\/span><\/i>\u201d v\u1eady.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n vi\u00ean Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span>
V\u00f4 tr\u1ee5<\/span><\/span> x\u1ee9 am<\/span>, an c\u01b0<\/span><\/span> \u0110inh D\u1eadu<\/span>
Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u00ean<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n\n
\n

[1]<\/a> Qu\u1ea3ng <\/i>n<\/i>g\u0169 <\/i>u<\/i>\u1ea9n lu\u1eadn<\/i>, tr.0850c19.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[2]<\/a> C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 1<\/i>, T29n1558, tr. 0005a11tt.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[3]<\/a> T\u00ec-b\u00e0-sa 79, <\/i>tr. 407c09. Cf. T\u1ea1p 3, \u0110\u1ea1i 2, <\/i>tr. 19a; P\u0101li, S.iii, tr.25ff.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[4]<\/a> Sphu\u1e6d\u0101rth\u0101<\/i>: pracched\u0101rtho v\u0101<\/i> a<\/i>vadhyartha<\/i>\u1e25<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[5]<\/a> Ko\u015ba<\/i> i.k.20ab,<\/i> (T29n1558, tr. 0004c13): \u805a\u751f\u9580\u7a2e\u65cf, \u662f\u860a\u8655\u754c\u7fa9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[6]<\/a> P\u0101li, S.iii., tr.105.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[7]<\/a> T<\/i>\u00ec<\/i>-b\u00e0-sa 74<\/i>, tr.383c16.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[8]<\/a> a. Skandh\u0101rtha<\/i>, Gadjin M. Nagao: Madhy\u0101ntavibh\u0101ga-bh\u0101\u1e63ya<\/i>, Tokyo 1964, p.45.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[9]<\/b><\/i><\/a> <\/i>Quy\u1ec3n Trung, \u0110\u1ea1i 31<\/i>, tr. 0470b07.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[10]<\/a> C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 1, <\/i>T29n1558, tr. 0002a22.<\/span><\/p>\n

*Skt. ye s\u0101srav\u0101 up\u0101d\u0101naskandh\u0101s te, <\/i>T29n1558, ibid.: \u6709\u6f0f\u540d\u53d6\u860a; T29n1559, tr. 0162c20: \u6709\u6d41\u540d\u53d6\u9670.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[11]<\/a> R<\/i>\u016bpayati<\/i>, Dh\u0101tup\u0101tha xxvi<\/i>, 125.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[12]<\/a> L<\/i>up<\/i>, Dh\u0101tup\u0101tha xxvi<\/i>, 125.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[13]<\/a> P\u0101li, Samyutta iii<\/i>, tr. 86.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

** Skt. r\u016bpa\u1e43 pa\u00f1cendriy\u0101\u1e47y arth\u0101\u1e25 pa\u00f1c\u0101vij\u00f1aptir eva ca<\/i>. T29n1558, tr. 0002b07: \u8272\u8005\u552f\u4e94\u6839, \u4e94\u5883\u53ca\u7121\u8868.<\/span><\/p>\n

[14] T29n1558, tr. 0002b08-b11.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[15]<\/a> C\u1ea3nh, Skt. artha, <\/i>\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span>, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span>, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span>, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span><\/span>, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[16]<\/a> Ph\u00e1p <\/i>u<\/i>\u1ea9n 11<\/i>, tr. 507. Cf. T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m 37, <\/i>T02n0099, tr. 0267a02.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[17]<\/a> Duy\u00ean <\/i>sinh<\/i> lu\u1eadn<\/i>, T32n1652, tr. 0483b18.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[18]<\/a> T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m<\/i>, kinh s\u1ed1 1, b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng v\u00e0 TT. Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9, tr. 23-24.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[19]<\/a> D\u1eabn theo Th\u00e0nh <\/i>d<\/i>uy <\/i>t<\/i>h\u1ee9c <\/i>l<\/i>u\u1eadn<\/i>, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng viii, TT.Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9, tr. 638-639.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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[ad_1] T\u1ed5ng Lu\u1eadn: N\u0103m Th\u1ee7 U\u1ea9n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u00ean I\/\u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A I.1.\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a u\u1ea9n N\u0103m u\u1ea9n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n, th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n, t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n[1].\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7883,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[104],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-7881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-giai-dap-nghi-hoac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7881","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7881"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7881\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7883"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7881"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7881"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7881"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=7881"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

III.NGUY\u00caN L\u00dd DUY\u00caN KH\u1edeI<\/span><\/span>: TH\u1ee8C – DANH S\u1eaeC<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> m\u01b0\u1eddi hai chi duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> n\u00eau r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c: \u201cTh\u1ee9c duy\u00ean Danh s\u1eafc<\/span><\/span>, Danh s\u1eafc<\/span><\/span> duy\u00ean <\/i>T<\/i>h\u1ee9c<\/i>\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u201cDo duy\u00ean l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 Danh s\u1eafc<\/span><\/span>, do duy\u00ean l\u00e0 Danh s\u1eafc<\/span><\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f3 <\/i>T<\/i>h\u1ee9c<\/i>\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef Th\u1ee9c, ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit l\u00e0 Vij\u00f1\u0101pti<\/i>, \u0111i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n v<\/i>i-\u221aj\u00f1a<\/i> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin, c\u00e1i th\u00f4ng tin, c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng tin, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span>, ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m. Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y lu\u1eadn s\u01b0<\/span><\/span> kinh b\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ck\u1ebft sinh<\/span><\/span> th\u1ee9c<\/i>\u201d<\/i> <\/i>(patisandhi-vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101na<\/i>)\u00a0ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/span> A-t\u00ec-\u0111\u00e0m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cT\u1ed1i h\u1eadu t\u00e2m<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u6700\u5f8c\u5fc3\u201d[16]<\/a>. Ng\u00e0i U\u1ea5t-l\u0103ng-Ca (Udlanka) g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cSinh ph\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n \u751f\u5206\u8f49\u201d[17]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span><\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Danh (nama<\/i>); y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span><\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span><\/span> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u1eafc (r\u016bpa<\/i>). N\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>, chia theo danh s\u1eafc<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 sau: Danh (th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>) \u2013 S\u1eafc (s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span><\/span> m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-da, hay c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n \u201cS\u1eafc\u201d; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n \u201cS\u1eafc u\u1ea9n hay S\u1eafc\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh hay th\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span> tr\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec<\/span><\/span>, th\u00ec s\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd tan ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ed1i r\u00e3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta<\/span><\/span> r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span>, sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> m\u1edbi, d\u00f9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 trung h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trung h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span>, th\u00ec trung h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi. V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u00fac sinh ra cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> l\u00fac m\u1ea1ng chung<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span><\/span>, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> gi\u1eefa Danh v\u00e0 S\u1eafc, tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span><\/span>, v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span> l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau<\/span><\/span>, b\u1ecf ri\u00eang t\u1eebng th\u1ee9 ra th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec l\u00e0 ta hay s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a ta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span><\/span> \u201chai lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh sanh t\u1eed<\/span><\/span><\/i>\u201d th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/span> Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, khi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c<\/span><\/span> tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span><\/span>, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span><\/span> m\u1ecdi gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n