{"id":7886,"date":"2020-12-06T21:36:10","date_gmt":"2020-12-06T14:36:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/06\/phap-mon-dinh-vo-tuong\/"},"modified":"2020-12-06T21:36:10","modified_gmt":"2020-12-06T14:36:10","slug":"phap-mon-dinh-vo-tuong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/06\/phap-mon-dinh-vo-tuong\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e1p M\u00f4n \u0110\u1ecbnh V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edbng"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Ph\u00e1p M\u00f4n<\/span> \u0110\u1ecbnh V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 quen ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng T\u1ed5 S\u01b0<\/span> Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 khai s\u01a1n<\/span> ra h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3<\/span>, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e2u “Ly nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span> ch\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> t\u1ee9c danh ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt<\/i>” trong Kinh Kim Cang<\/span>. Th\u1ef1c ra<\/span>, ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/span> V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong T\u1ea1ng Pali.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, b\u00e0i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd n\u00f3i t\u1edbi ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian<\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/span> sau. V\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh<\/span> \u01b0a ch\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ecbch T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> \u2013 v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi — l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed<\/span> t\u00e0ng h\u00ecnh? N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> Narendra Modi c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> — v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed? C\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 hai qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> n\u00e0y c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 36.4% tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span> m\u1ea5y n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua: ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y k\u00ecnh nhau tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/span> v\u1edbi nhau<\/span> trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span> t\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, c\u1ea3 \u00f4ng T\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Modi \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed<\/span> ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng<\/span>, v\u00ec hai \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng quy y<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p danh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee5ng kinh<\/span> hay ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n<\/span> h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (hay \u00edt nh\u1ea5t<\/span>, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> bi\u1ebft)\u2026 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, hai \u00f4ng T\u1eadp v\u00e0 Modi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, hay PG v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n<\/span>, hay PG th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span> \u2013 ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi chung nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Secular Buddhism, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span> si\u00eau h\u00ecnh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m an vui cho m\u00ecnh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh. B\u00e1o Hindustan Times ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 2\/2013, trong b\u1ea3n tin nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cTibet’s conquest of China’s Xi Jinping family\u201d (Gia \u0110\u00ecnh<\/span> T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh Th\u1ea7n Ph\u1ee5c<\/span> T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span>)\u2026 Ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc nhan \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1ef1t m\u00ecnh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n tin k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng trao t\u1eb7ng Ph\u00f3 Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> TQ T\u1eadp Tr\u1ecdng Hu\u00e2n (cha c\u1ee7a T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh) m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u1ee5 T\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 mang n\u01a1i c\u1ed5 tay nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft, theo b\u00e1o n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u1ee5 b\u00e0 Qi Xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mai t\u00e1ng<\/span> v\u1edbi nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> theo \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 b\u00e0. V\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh l\u00e0 phu nh\u00e2n<\/span> B\u00e0nh L\u1ec7 Vi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed<\/span> theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> PG T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span>. B\u00e1o n\u00e0y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin theo<\/span> cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> c\u1ee7a Richard Rigby, chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 Trung Hoa t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> \u00dac Australian National University v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gia c\u1ee7a S\u1edf T\u00ecnh B\u00e1o B\u00ed M\u1eadt<\/span> \u00dac Ch\u00e2u (Australian Secret Intelligence Organisation).<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e0 B\u00e0nh L\u1ec7 Vi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ca s\u0129<\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span>, hi\u1ec7n mang qu\u00e2n h\u00e0m Thi\u1ebfu T\u01b0\u1edbng trong l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i TQ, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed<\/span> PG T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu tr\u00ec<\/span> thu\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh<\/span> trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> n\u00e0y, theo l\u1eddi Rigby v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> Claude Arpi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Arpi n\u00f3i: \u201cM\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ca kh\u00fac<\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/i>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma<\/span> th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng<\/span> k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh th\u00e2n h\u1eefu<\/span> v\u1edbi T\u1eadp Tr\u1ecdng Hu\u00e2n, c\u00f3 l\u00fac nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 Omega t\u1eb7ng \u00f4ng c\u1ee5 T\u1eadp kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1954 hay 1955, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> n\u1ed5i d\u1eady kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Arpi k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng khi \u00f4ng anh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma<\/span> m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft<\/span> b\u00e1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/span> v\u1edbi \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950s v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi cho T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb,\u00a0 c\u1ee5 T\u1eadp Tr\u1ecdng Hu\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mang \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3 n\u01a1i tay.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, t\u00ecnh th\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u201cti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i cho ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d\u2026 theo nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u1ee7a Robert Barnett, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> Columbia University.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng g\u1ecdi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span> c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/span> c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft \u00f4ng T\u1eadp, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> an d\u00e2n, h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n tin Reuters ng\u00e0y 29\/9\/2013 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n tin t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 TQ n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh hy v\u1ecdng<\/span> r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>, L\u00e3o Gi\u00e1o<\/span> v\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u1ea1i TQ, gi\u00fap l\u00e0m t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n<\/span> cho d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o v\u00f4 gia c\u01b0<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh\u2026 trong khi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span> h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t con sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0<\/span> b\u1ea3n r\u1eebng r\u00fa l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t<\/span> v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng h\u01a1n\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n tin \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ed3i th\u00e1ng 2\/2013, T\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> \u0110\u00e0i Loan<\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> \u2013 H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> Hsing Yun \u2013 t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Kinh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>. Hi\u1ebfm l\u1eafm m\u1edbi nghe chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> TQ g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c c\u00e1c<\/span> l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>. HT Hsing Yun nguy\u00ean b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng TQ \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990s v\u00ec ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb s\u01b0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 TQ cao c\u1ea5p sau tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p<\/span> Thi\u00ean An M\u00f4n 1989. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> Hsing Yun l\u00ean danh s\u00e1ch b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i TQ.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u00f4ng T\u1eadp n\u1ebfu g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed<\/span>, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00ec ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i<\/span> trong c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n gian<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n \u00f4ng Modi. B\u00e1o B\u1ea3n Tin Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 (https:\/\/newsin.asia\/<\/a>) t\u1eeb Sri Lanka ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 5\/2017 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n tin nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cBuddhism being used as foreign policy plank by India, China, Sri Lanka and even Pakistan<\/i>\u201d (Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/span> ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1i giao b\u1edfi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>, TQ, Sri Lanka v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 Pakistan<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ec5<\/span> Vesak Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Sri Lanka t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 12 t\u1edbi 14\/5\/2017, Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> Modi ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda<\/span> l\u1ec5 khai m\u1ea1c<\/span>, v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 b\u1ebf m\u1ea1c ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda<\/span> b\u1edfi T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Bidya Devi Bhandari c\u1ee7a Nepal.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng Modi theo ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed<\/span> tr\u00ean Wikipedia \u0111\u00e3 \u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span> PG t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ef1c h\u1eefu<\/span> (c\u1ef1c h\u1eefu<\/span> hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c<\/span>, \u01b0u ti\u00ean<\/span> cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc), nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9i<\/span> RSS v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng BJP. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c RSS\u00a0 xem Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u201c\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o c\u1ea3i bi\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> cho \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0 RSS l\u00e0 V.D.Savarkar \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span> r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> l\u00e0 \u201cHindu-Buddhism\u201d (Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o-\u1ea4n Gi\u00e1o) v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span> Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m<\/span> c\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>, Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u2026) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c mang t\u00ednh \u201cHindu-Buddhist\u201d (Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o-\u1ea4n Gi\u00e1o).<\/span><\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129<\/span> David Scott trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean Journal of Current Chinese Affairs n\u0103m 2016, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Modi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span> PG nh\u01b0 \u201cquy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c m\u1ec1m\u201d trong ngo\u1ea1i giao.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea5u k\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd T\u1eadp, Modi n\u0103m 2014 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00f3ng tweet: \u201cOn Buddha Purnima, we bow to the venerable Lord Buddha, whose teachings have guided the entire humanity for centuries<\/i>\u201d (Trong ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ec5<\/span> Vesak, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> k\u00ednh l\u1ec5<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span> nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span> trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> thu\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Anh tr\u00ean v\u00e0o Google, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Modi hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh<\/span> h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed<\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c<\/span> r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng Modi \u0111ang l\u00e8o l\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c<\/span> c\u1ea3 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span> \u1ea4n Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, Modi n\u00f3i c\u00f4ng khai<\/span> r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> \u1ea4n Gi\u00e1o. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 Modi c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111i theo<\/span> m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n gian<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c<\/span> v\u00e0 an d\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m chuy\u1ec7n si\u00eau h\u00ecnh hay gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Do v\u1eady, \u00f4ng T\u1eadp v\u00e0 Modi \u0111\u00e3 hoan h\u1ef7<\/span> g\u1eb7p nhau<\/span> trong th\u00e1ng 9\/2014, khi T\u1eadp t\u1edbi th\u0103m Gujarat, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng (Hiuen Tsang) gh\u00e9 ch\u00e2n trong chuy\u1ebfn T\u00e2y du t\u1eeb TQ sang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> th\u1ec9nh kinh h\u1ed3i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 7.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eadp v\u00e0 Modi k\u00fd b\u1ea3n Th\u00f4ng C\u00e1o Chung<\/span> TQ-\u1ea4n, v\u1edbi l\u1eddi cam k\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng TQ s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1<\/span> du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng t\u1eebng \u0111i n\u0103m x\u01b0a.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i T\u1eadp m\u1eddi Modi th\u0103m TQ th\u00e1ng 5\/2015, \u0111\u01b0a Modi t\u1edbi ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a White Goose Temple \u1edf Xi\u2019an, n\u01a1i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng t\u1eeb \u1ea4n v\u1ec1 c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5<\/span> t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 TQ \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/span> l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng TQ l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi, v\u1edbi 675 tri\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>, v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 240,000 t\u0103ng ni<\/span>, h\u01a1n 28,000 tu vi\u1ec7n<\/span> v\u00e0 16,000 ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u2013 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt<\/span> cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf<\/span> gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 T\u1eadp v\u00e0 Modi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0m \u00fd \u201cxu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian\u201d t\u00ed n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma<\/span> c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn<\/span> ch\u00fang sinh\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2016, \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma<\/span> tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/span> tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Reader’s Digest, \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n Anh qu\u1ed1c, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span> r\u1eb1ng, \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> khi t\u1edbi v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gian<\/span> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span> n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span> l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m s\u1eb5n trong b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m<\/span><\/i>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span> Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i, r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 nhau, \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0 trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u1eafp th\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u1eafp kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1<\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span> T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, tuy r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Stephen Batchelor \u2013 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span>, vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y Thi\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. \u00d4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> Th\u1ebf Gian<\/span>. \u00d4ng sinh t\u1ea1i Scotland n\u0103m 1953. Khi \u00f4ng ba tu\u1ed5i, gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span> \u00f4ng d\u1ecdn sang Canada th\u1eddi gian<\/span> ng\u1eafn, n\u01a1i ba m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng ly th\u00e2n, th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 Anh c\u00f9ng m\u1eb9. N\u0103m 18 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng sang Dharamsala, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> l\u01b0u vong<\/span>, h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> Gesh\u00e9 Ngawang Dhargyey t\u1ea1i th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> l\u00e0m sa di<\/span> trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> Gelug (Ph\u00e1i M\u0169 V\u00e0ng) n\u0103m 1974.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau, \u00f4ng d\u1ef1 thi\u1ec1n th\u1ea5t<\/span> Vipassana v\u1edbi Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> S.N. Goenka. \u00d4ng r\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> n\u0103m 1975 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span> PG T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y Geshe Rabten t\u1ea1i Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, n\u0103m sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd c\u1ee5<\/span> t\u00fac gi\u1edbi. N\u0103m 1979, \u00f4ng sang \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0m th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n cho th\u1ea7y Gesh\u00e9 Thubten Ngawang t\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n<\/span> Tibetisches Institut \u1edf Hamburg.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1981, Batchelor v\u00e0o Songgwangsa Monastery \u1edf Nam H\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc Thi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y Kusan Sunim. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng g\u1eb7p Martine Fages, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span> Ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span> l\u00e0m s\u01b0 c\u00f4<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb 1975. Sau khi th\u1ea7y Kusan Sunim vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch<\/span>, Batchelor v\u00e0 Martine Fages c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi trong n\u0103m 1985 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span> Anh qu\u1ed1c, tham gia<\/span> t\u0103ng th\u00e2n Sharpham North Community. Trong 15 n\u0103m t\u1ea1i Sharpham, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp<\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span> PG c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Sharpham College for Buddhist Studies and Contemporary Enquiry (1996), nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m l\u00e0m tuy\u00ean \u00fay nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 Channings Wood Prison. T\u1eeb 1992 l\u00e0 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp<\/span> vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c<\/span> cho t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Tricycle: The Buddhist Review.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> v\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> Kinh Pali, vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span>. Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span> l\u1edbn trong h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi<\/span>. \u00d4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> m\u1ed9t\u00a0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> th\u1ebf gian<\/span> theo ki\u1ec3u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng \u00f4ng T\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Modi t\u00ed n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stephen Batchelor\u00a0tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p (karma) v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span> (rebirth) \u2013 hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, theo \u00f4ng, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> c\u1ed5 th\u1eddi. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span> theo \u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<\/span>, hay chuy\u1ec7n sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng<\/span> v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span> b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u00f4i. Ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u01a1 duy\u00ean<\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tu h\u1ecdc<\/span> v\u1edbi Thi\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eed \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0i nhan \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh<\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ngay quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>, th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

— Buddhism Without Beliefs (Ph\u00e2t Gi\u00e1o Kh\u00f4ng C\u1ea7n Ni\u1ec1m Tin<\/span>)<\/i> in n\u0103m 1997.<\/span><\/p>\n

— Confession of a Buddhist Atheist (L\u1eddi T\u1ef1 Th\u00fa c\u1ee7a M\u1ed9t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi V\u00f4 Th\u1ea7n<\/span> Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed<\/span>)<\/i> in n\u0103m 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span> v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n \u00f4ng T\u1eadp, \u00f4ng Modi, hay \u00f4ng Batchelor. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn chung quanh r\u1eb1ng, trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span> m\u00ecnh (v\u00e0 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span> t\u1ea1i VN), Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> tu h\u1ecdc<\/span> ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111i ch\u00f9a<\/span> h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n hay h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u201cxu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian\u201d\u2026 Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta<\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng T\u1eadp, \u00f4ng Modi\u2026 v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u01b0\u1eddi thua c\u1ea3 \u00f4ng v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n<\/span> Batchelor, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp<\/span> r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam t\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta<\/span> t\u1edbi v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> — ngay c\u1ea3 khi l\u00e0m th\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n, l\u00e0m nh\u1ea1c Thi\u1ec1n, vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n\u2026 — c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc g\u00ec quan t\u00e2m<\/span> chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. Kinh AN 2.46 ghi l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang<\/span>, n\u01a1i l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi<\/span> t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc (when the discourses of the Tathagata\u2014deep, deep in their meaning, transcendent, connected with emptiness\u2014are recited, the monks don\u2019t listen<\/i>), c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span> nghe, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u01b0a \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n, \u01b0a nghe nh\u1ea1c Thi\u1ec1n\u2026 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1ecfng.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span> th\u1ebf gian<\/span> (may ra \u0111\u1ee1 h\u01a1n \u00f4ng T\u1eadp, \u00f4ng Modi?)\u2026 Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0m sao gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t?<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh AN 10.27, ghi l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb s\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> xa l\u00eca<\/span><\/i><\/b> m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9<\/i><\/b> th\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xa l\u00eca<\/span> d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t<\/i><\/b> (When a monk becomes entirely dispassionate towards this one thing (nutriment)\u2026 he is one who, after fully comprehending the Goal, makes an end of suffering here and now<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh SN 12.64 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span> r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 4 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t (lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>) \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang ta<\/span> v\u00e0o sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>: \u0110o\u00e0n th\u1ef1c<\/span>, x\u00fac th\u1ef1c<\/span>, t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c<\/span> (Edible food, coarse and fine; sense-impression is the second; volitional thought, the third; and consciousness, the fourth).<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> tham \u0103n, m\u00ea u\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecfng. Khi ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u01b0a ng\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p, \u01b0a ng\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb9p, \u01b0a nghe nh\u1ea1c hay\u2026 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecfng. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m vui cao nh\u00e3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m th\u01a1, vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c<\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c<\/span> (volitional thought and consciousness) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecfng. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh (volition) v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c (consciousness) \u0111\u1ec1u bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu thu\u1ea7n t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh (samatha) c\u0169ng s\u1ebd h\u1ecfng, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c<\/span> khi ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n<\/span> t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c<\/span>. Kinh AN 4.178 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span> sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do<\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> Theravada y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/span> khi t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span> v\u1edbi hu\u1ec7 (vipassana).<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span> PG T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng<\/span> y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/span> khi t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0110\u1ecbnh V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> (signless concentration).<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edbng? B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng<\/span> SN 40.9 (http:\/\/dharmafarer.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/12\/24.19-Animitta-Cetosamadhi-Panha-S-s40.9-piya.pdf<\/a>), b\u1ea3n dich Piya Tan vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> d\u1ea1y ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ecbnh V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>: \u201c\u2026by non-attention to all signs, I entered and dwelled in the signless concentration of mind<\/i>\u201d (kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u00f4i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa<\/span> trong ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh SN 22.80 (http:\/\/www.accesstoinsight.org\/tipitaka\/sn\/sn22\/sn22.080.wlsh.html<\/a>)\u00a0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Maurice O’Connell Walshe ghi l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u2026three unskilled states disappear utterly in him whose heart is well established in the four foundations of mindfulness, or who practices concentration on the signless<\/i>\u201d (\u2026tham s\u00e2n si<\/span> bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e9o an tr\u00fa<\/span> trong t\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span>, hay [trong] ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu ph\u00e1p<\/span> \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ngo\u00e0i t\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span> c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n<\/span> \u0110\u1ecbnh V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cly nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d\u2026 V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00f3i t\u1edbi \u0110\u1ecbnh V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ra<\/span>, trong Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadn<\/span> (Visuddhimagga)\u00a0 b\u1ea3n Anh d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Bhikkhu Nanamoli, \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n in l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 5, n\u01a1i Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XVI c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>: “Signless”: being secluded from the sign of the five aggregates, it is taken as having no graspable entity<\/i> (V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> l\u00e0 xa l\u00eca<\/span> c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 u\u1ea7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng<\/span> th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft<\/i>). \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span> h\u1ec7 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3<\/span> v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n tu thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, anh k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng nh\u1ea1c khi nghe hay qu\u00e1 l\u00e0 anh s\u1ee3\u2026 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m nghe n\u1eefa. Anh c\u0169ng k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 phim Cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1eddi<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> h\u01a1n 50 t\u1eadp ai c\u0169ng khen hay, nh\u01b0ng anh xem 10 ph\u00fat l\u00e0 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span> qu\u00e1, ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4i. L\u00fd do<\/span>, anh th\u1ea5y m\u00f3n \u0103n \u201cth\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c\u201d\u00a0 qu\u00e1 ngon, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 hay\u2026 trong khi anh \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f2n phu nh\u00e2n<\/span> B\u00e0nh L\u1ec7 Vi\u00ean th\u00ec sao? Khi b\u00e0 t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9ng trang \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i, l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0nh\u2026 l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c\u201d vui ho\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0ng. L\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f2n \u00f4ng T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh th\u00ec sao? Khi \u00f4ng T\u1eadp ng\u00f3 B\u00e0nh phu nh\u00e2n<\/span>, l\u1ea1i m\u00ea m\u1ea9n nghe th\u00eam gi\u1ecdng ca c\u1ee7a b\u00e0\u2026 th\u00ec \u201cth\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c\u201d \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecdn ra<\/span> kh\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span>, l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u1eady, khi l\u00e0m th\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n, khi l\u00e0m nh\u1ea1c Thi\u1ec1n, khi giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong c\u00f5i n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y gi\u1eef ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span> cho v\u1eefng\u2026\u00a0 H\u00e3y n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span> r\u1eb1ng tuy th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n gian<\/span>, t\u00e2m v\u1eabn an tr\u00fa<\/span> n\u01a1i c\u00f5i xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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