{"id":7892,"date":"2020-12-06T23:51:54","date_gmt":"2020-12-06T16:51:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/06\/khao-ve-tang-nghi-cua-hang-thich-tu\/"},"modified":"2020-12-06T23:51:54","modified_gmt":"2020-12-06T16:51:54","slug":"khao-ve-tang-nghi-cua-hang-thich-tu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/06\/khao-ve-tang-nghi-cua-hang-thich-tu\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u1ea3o V\u1ec1 Tang Nghi C\u1ee7a H\u00e0ng Th\u00edch T\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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KH\u1ea2O V\u1ec0 TANG NGHI C\u1ee6A H\u00c0NG TH\u00cdCH T\u1eec<\/span><\/span><\/span>
Sanh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eafp ch\u0103n \u0110\u00f4ng, t\u1eed nh\u01b0 c\u1edfi \u00e1o H\u1ea1 [1]\u00a0

<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(Vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u00e2n s\u01b0 \u2013 HT. Th\u00edch Quang \u0110\u1ea1o \u2013
v\u1eeba vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 16.7. \u0110inh D\u1eadu)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fac Ph\u00fa<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"KH\u1ea2O

Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span><\/span> nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span>, t\u00f9y theo<\/span><\/span> \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span>, v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u2026 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c tang nghi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch<\/span><\/span> x\u1ee9 l\u00fd x\u00e1c th\u00e2n sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> n\u1ed9i sinh \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span><\/span>, th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. Do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span><\/span>, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span><\/span> b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/span><\/span>, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t trong l\u1ec5 nghi<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, m\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tang nghi c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> s\u1ebd l\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span> t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span><\/span>, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/span><\/span> nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf mang t\u00ednh c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n, trong tang nghi c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t s\u0129.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 <\/b>c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tang nghi Th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> t\u1eed ng\u00e0y nay.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span><\/span> thi\u1ec1n m\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> ng\u00e0y nay, t\u00f9y theo<\/span><\/span> m\u00f4n quy, t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span><\/span>, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o phong<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia\u2026 m\u00e0 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c tang nghi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> xin t\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec3m qua nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t t\u1eeb b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tang l\u1ec5 quy m\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span> thi\u1ebft b\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0n th\u1edd<\/span><\/span> v\u1ecb t\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tang l\u1ec5 m\u00e0 m\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111eo kh\u0103n tang \u1edf m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tang l\u1ec5 v\u1edbi tr\u1ed1ng k\u00e8n thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/span><\/span>, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tang l\u1ec5 trang nghi\u00eam<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span>, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t hay h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00fd do<\/span><\/span> t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 do quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span>, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/span><\/span>, c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ch\u00f9a, vi\u1ec7n n\u00f3i chung, v\u00e0 t\u00f9y theo<\/span><\/span> t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 mang t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c tang nghi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf y<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo chu\u1ea9n t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n l\u00e2m<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 S\u1eafc tu b\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh quy<\/span><\/span>[2]<\/b><\/a>, Th\u00edch th\u1ecb y\u1ebfu l\u00e3m<\/span><\/span>[3]<\/b><\/a>, Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed ti\u00ean<\/span><\/span>[4]<\/b><\/a>, Thi\u1ec1n m\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch<\/span><\/span> khoa nghi[5]<\/b><\/a><\/i>\u2026th\u00ec khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span><\/span> vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch<\/span><\/span>, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 tang ph\u1ee5c, quan qu\u00e1ch<\/span><\/span>, h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa<\/span><\/span>, \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c<\/span><\/span>, tr\u00e0 qu\u1ea3\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung ti\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0: s\u00e1i t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span>, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5c, y\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt, y\u1ebft T\u1ed5, an linh, kh\u1ea3i minh l\u1ed9<\/span><\/span>, ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh, nh\u1eadp th\u00e1p\u2026Nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 tang tu\u00e2n theo<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thanh quy<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n ng\u00e0y nay \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, tang nghi c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span><\/span> ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span> bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n<\/span><\/span> t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> thanh quy<\/span><\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 r\u00fat t\u1ec9a t\u1eeb kho t\u00e0ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i ch\u1ed7 tham d\u1eabn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ed1<\/span><\/span> Trung Hoa. Do v\u1eady, ch\u00fang v\u1eeba mang h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh<\/span><\/span> th\u00e0nh, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span>, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span><\/span> kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span><\/span>, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1c nghi ti\u1ebft trong tang l\u1ec5 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span>, n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/span>, chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span><\/span> nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/span> t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span><\/span>, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/span><\/span> trong t\u00e2m (Sa\u1e43vega \u0938\u0935\u0947\u0917)[6]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu trong tang l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span><\/span> th\u1eddi x\u01b0a<\/span><\/span>, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1c b\u00e0i kinh<\/span><\/span> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span><\/i> (S,iii.76)[7]<\/a>, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span><\/span> trong lu\u1eadt Thi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span>[8]<\/b><\/a><\/i>, trong Nam h\u1ea3i k\u00fd quy n\u1ed9i ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span> truy\u1ec7n[9]<\/b><\/a><\/i>, trong S\u1eafc tu b\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh quy<\/span><\/span>[10]<\/b><\/a><\/i>\u2026; th\u00ec trong tang l\u1ec5 h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span><\/span> ng\u00e0y nay, c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span><\/span>. Trong kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span><\/span> tr\u1ea7m m\u1eb7c, khi b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> t\u00e1n nh\u01b0: Nh\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span>, th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh<\/span><\/span> b\u00e0o \u1ea3nh<\/span><\/span> t\u1ee3 ng\u00e2n s\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/i>\u2026\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t l\u00ean \u0111\u00fang cung b\u1eadc, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch<\/span><\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c nghi quy d\u00e0nh cho h\u00e0ng th\u00edch t\u1eed<\/span><\/span> ng\u00e0y nay v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m ch\u1ea5t thi\u1ec1n v\u1ecb<\/span><\/span>, n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span>, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a tin kh\u1edfi l\u00f2ng tin<\/span><\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eady, v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung gi\u00e0u t\u00ednh tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea7n k\u1ec7 trong c\u00e1c tang nghi, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh<\/span><\/span>, tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 an \u1ee7i<\/span><\/span> cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba khu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/span>, do c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi phong ki\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span>, th\u1ebf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Nho, L\u00e3o th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng<\/span><\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111an xen v\u00e0o<\/span><\/span> nh\u1eefng nghi ti\u1ebft trang tr\u1ecdng d\u00e0nh cho b\u1eadc ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span><\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eady, trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span>, do ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0o ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ebft<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> trong thanh quy<\/span><\/span>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tang l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi tang nghi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0<\/span><\/span>, tang ph\u1ee5c t\u01a1i t\u1ea3<\/span><\/span>, kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c bi ai\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span> ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span><\/span>, \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc[11]<\/a> v\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i[12]<\/a>, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/span><\/span> cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t tang nghi gi\u1ea3n ti\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span>. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> tang nghi n\u00e0y c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span><\/span> th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c tang nghi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Long t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/span> thu\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span><\/span>, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tham chi\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi kinh, y c\u1ee9<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n sau.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, c\u00f3 hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> tang l\u1ec5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span><\/span> ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span><\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/span> thanh quy<\/span><\/span> thi\u1ec1n m\u00f4n<\/span><\/span>, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/span> tham chi\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0o kinh, lu\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>V\u00e0i li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a tang nghi Th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> t\u1eed.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tang nghi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span><\/span> ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb S\u1eafc tu b\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh quy<\/span><\/span>[13]<\/b><\/a><\/i> (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIV). X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span>, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> S\u1eafc tu b\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh quy<\/span><\/span><\/i> \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span> quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 thanh quy<\/span><\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> Trung Hoa, m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Th\u00edch th\u1ecb y\u1ebfu l\u00e3m<\/span><\/span><\/i> \u1edf th\u1eddi B\u1eafc T\u1ed1ng (960-1127).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Theo Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed5<\/span><\/span> th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef7<\/i>, quy\u1ec3n b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n, v\u00e0o ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Thi\u00ean Hi<\/span><\/span> n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba (1019) \u0111\u1eddi vua T\u1ed1ng Ch\u00e2n T\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> (968-1022), s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u0103ng, Ni ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn bao g\u1ed3m<\/span><\/span> 230,127 v\u1ecb T\u0103ng v\u00e0 105,643 v\u1ecb Ni.[14]<\/a> \u00a0C\u0169ng trong n\u0103m n\u00e0y, th\u1ec3 theo s\u1ef1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, Sa-m\u00f4n \u0110\u1ea1o Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n b\u1ed9 Th\u00edch th\u1ecb y\u1ebfu l\u00e3m<\/span><\/span><\/i>, g\u1ed3m ba quy\u1ec3n[15]<\/a>. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 tang nghi Th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> t\u1eed n\u00f3i ri\u00eang \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> t\u1eed b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, xuy\u00ean qua<\/span><\/span> 27 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong ba quy\u1ec3n Th\u00edch th\u1ecb y\u1ebfu l\u00e3m<\/span><\/span>,<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span><\/span> ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n m\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span><\/span>, th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t<\/span><\/span>, nh\u1eadp ch\u00fang<\/span><\/span>, l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1y<\/span><\/span>, \u2026<\/i>cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> th\u0103m b\u1ec7nh, t\u1ed1ng chung<\/i>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span><\/span> r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1o Th\u00e0nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/span>, do ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ec7nh tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n<\/span><\/span>, do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> quan ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span>, th\u1ebf n\u00ean t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00f4i ch\u1ed7 mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Nho gia<\/span><\/span>.<\/i> \u0110\u01a1n c\u1eed nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> tang ph\u1ee5c.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1o Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> r\u1eb1ng, ngay c\u1ea3 kinh Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn tang ph\u1ee5c; th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> Th\u00edch th\u1ecb y\u1ebfu l\u00e3m<\/span><\/span><\/i> l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span><\/span> s\u00e1ch L\u1ec5 k\u00fd<\/span><\/span>,<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch T\u0103ng huy k\u00fd[16]<\/b><\/a>,<\/i> cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i tang ph\u1ee5c, g\u1ed3m ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee5c, ngh\u0129a ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1ng ph\u1ee5c (\u4e00\u6b63\u670d.\u4e8c\u7fa9\u670d.\u4e09\u964d\u670d). Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> tang ph\u1ee5c, Th\u00edch th\u1ecb y\u1ebfu l\u00e3m<\/span><\/span><\/i> c\u00f2n d\u1eabn s\u00e1ch B\u1ea1ch h\u1ed5<\/span><\/span> th\u00f4ng[17]<\/b><\/a><\/i> c\u1ee7a Nho gia<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng, h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span><\/span> n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> tang ph\u1ee5c, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1ng ph\u1ee5c<\/i> (\u964d\u670d).C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 kh\u0103n tang b\u1ecbt \u0111\u1ea7u (\u982d\u5dfe), g\u1eady trong tang l\u1ec5 (\u6756)\u2026 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 th\u01b0<\/span><\/span> Trung Hoa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> tang ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span><\/span>, m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> r\u00f5 trong S\u1eafc tu B\u00e1ch Tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh quy<\/span><\/span><\/i>, quy\u1ec3n ba, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/span> Nho gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi Nho gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng Nho, c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng, T\u1ed1ng Nho \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 L\u00e3o, l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh[18]<\/a>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span>, T\u1ed1ng Nho v\u1eabn ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m b\u00e0i x\u00edch<\/span><\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 \u1edf hai nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng Nho ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 Tr\u00ecnh H\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span> (\u7a0b\u98a2: 1032-1085) v\u00e0 Tr\u00ecnh Di (\u7a0b\u9824: 1033-1107).<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0, tranh bi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00e2n x\u00e1c sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span><\/span>. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span><\/span>, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n t\u00e1ng th\u1ee9c: \u0111\u1ecba t\u00e1ng<\/span><\/span>, l\u00e2m t\u00e1ng<\/span><\/span>, h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y t\u00e1ng<\/span><\/span>. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> t\u1eeb kinh, lu\u1eadt, h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00e1ng ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> t\u0103ng nh\u00e2n. Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span><\/span> ng\u00e0y nay, t\u00e1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/span> nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span>, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh<\/span><\/span>. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb hai anh em Tr\u00ecnh H\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 Tr\u00ecnh Di (\u7a0b\u98a2, \u7a0b\u9890) c\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c<\/span><\/span> ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> Nh\u1ecb tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp<\/i> (\u4e8c\u7a0b\u96c6):<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi nay <\/i>(th\u1eddi B\u1eafc T\u1ed1ng \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch ch\u00fa), n\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebb \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng<\/span><\/span> hay m\u1ed9t g\u00e3 say r\u01b0\u1ee3u t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n va v\u00e0o quan t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean<\/span><\/span>, th\u00ec th\u00e2n quy\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> s\u1ebd kh\u1edfi l\u00ean l\u00f2ng o\u00e1n th\u00f9 ch\u1ea5t ng\u1ea5t. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> th\u00ec sao n\u1ee1 n\u00e9m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o trong l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecf, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1 l\u1eafm sao? Sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng thay?[19]<\/b><\/a><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> T\u1ed1ng Nho, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>. Xuy\u00ean qua<\/span><\/span> 1.272 trang c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> Nh\u1ecb tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp,<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y, hai nh\u00e0 Nho n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ed5 s\u00fay cho nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span>, nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Nho gia<\/span><\/span> th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n T\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span> nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span><\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi B\u1eafc T\u1ed1ng, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ef1c th\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span>, v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean 300 ng\u00e0n T\u0103ng Ni<\/span><\/span> \u1edf th\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng Ch\u00e2n T\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span>. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/span><\/span> b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, nh\u1eb1m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span><\/span> thi\u1ec1n gia<\/span><\/span>. Vi\u1ec7c c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y T\u0103ng quan<\/span><\/span> c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch mang t\u00ednh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span><\/span> T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 nh\u01b0 Th\u00edch th\u1ecb y\u1ebfu l\u00e3m<\/span><\/span>, Ng\u0169 sam t\u1eadp, T\u0103ng huy k\u00fd,<\/i> S\u1eafc tu b\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh quy<\/span><\/span><\/i>\u2026l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span><\/span> nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span><\/span> T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/span>, do h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span><\/span> Trung Hoa, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n v\u1eeba m\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt v\u1eeba s\u00f9ng Nho, th\u1ebf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> nghi quy c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n gia<\/span><\/span>, m\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tang nghi Th\u00edch<\/span><\/span> t\u1eed, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa Nho gia<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>Tang nghi g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi kinh, lu\u1eadt: v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfm ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi B\u1eafc T\u1ed1ng (960-1127) th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian<\/span><\/span> m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tang nghi cho h\u00e0ng Th\u00edch t\u1eed<\/span><\/span> ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thanh quy<\/span><\/span>, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nghi ti\u1ebft mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n Nho gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ra<\/span><\/span>, \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span><\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Nho gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o s\u1ee9c \u00e9p<\/span><\/span> l\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n, g\u00e2y ra cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i to l\u1edbn[20]<\/a>; th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cao t\u0103ng<\/span><\/span> v\u1eabn gi\u1eef v\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span>, v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec<\/span><\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/span> thi\u1ec1n m\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> thanh s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n<\/span><\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> Nho gia<\/span><\/span>. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cao t\u0103ng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp s\u1ebfp tang nghi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi kinh, lu\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ec3 r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta<\/span><\/span> th\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec3m qua nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 tang s\u1ef1, c\u1ee7a ba b\u1eadc cao t\u0103ng<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Thi\u00ean Thai<\/span><\/span>, ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i B\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i Tr\u00ed Ngh\u0129<\/span><\/span><\/span> (\u667a\u9857:538-597), l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 khai t\u00f4ng Thi\u00ean Thai<\/span><\/span> \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span><\/span>, do v\u1eady c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Thai Tr\u00ed Gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span>. Theo T\u1ee5c Cao t\u0103ng truy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span><\/i>, quy\u1ec3n 17[21]<\/a>, ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cao t\u0103ng<\/span><\/span>, ch\u1ee9ng Ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span> Hoa tam mu\u1ed9i<\/span><\/span> (\u6cd5\u83ef\u4e09\u6627), khai s\u01a1n<\/span><\/span> 35 ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1<\/span><\/span>, h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> t\u0103ng ch\u00fang<\/span><\/span> h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1edbi uy \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> danh cao v\u1ecdng tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng khi l\u00e2m chung<\/span><\/span> ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> d\u1eb7n d\u00f2:<\/span><\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> khi \u0111ang l\u00e2m chung<\/span><\/span> nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span><\/span> ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u0103ng th\u00eam ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span><\/span>. Th\u1edf d\u00e0i<\/span><\/span> hay ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0ng th\u1edf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef3. Sao ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd th\u00e2n l\u1ea1nh m\u1edbi kh\u1edfi chung thanh? Kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c hay th\u1ecd tang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gian<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m. C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i n\u00ean y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng, ta s\u1eafp s\u1eeda r\u1eddi xa[22]<\/b><\/a>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng<\/span> (602-664), m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc cao t\u0103ng<\/span><\/span> c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn cho Tam B\u1ea3o<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span>, mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i<\/span><\/span> d\u1ecbch kinh<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i<\/span><\/span> tr\u1ecdng h\u1eadu<\/span><\/span>. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, trong vi\u1ec7c lo h\u1eadu s\u1ef1, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 b\u00f3 chi\u1ebfu \u0111em ch\u00f4n (\u7c67\u7be8). \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i T\u1eeb \u00c2n t\u1ef1 tam t\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 truy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span><\/i>, ghi r\u1eb1ng: m\u00f4n nh\u00e2n tu\u00e2n theo<\/span><\/span> di m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, l\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfu tr\u00fac b\u1ecdc di th\u1ec3, t\u00f4n tr\u00ed tr\u00ean xe tang r\u1ed3i cung r\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea7n c\u1eedu v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111\u00f4, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4n tr\u00ed t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7n phi\u00ean kinh<\/span><\/span> T\u1eeb \u00c2n<\/span><\/span>[23]<\/b><\/a><\/i>. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng, di nguy\u1ec7n b\u00f3 chi\u1ebfu \u0111em ch\u00f4n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb cao t\u0103ng<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i Th\u00edch \u0110\u00e0m Lu\u00e2n (\u91cb\u66c7\u502b)[24]<\/a>, Th\u00edch Ch\u00ed<\/span><\/span> Khoan (\u91cb\u5fd7\u5bec)[25]<\/a> d\u1eb7n do m\u00f4n nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> sau khi qu\u00fd ng\u00e0i vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ng\u00e0i B\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span><\/span> (705-774), l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ba tri\u1ec1u vua nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng (\u4e09\u4ee3\u5e1d\u5e2b), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span>, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00fac T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00f4ng. Theo ng\u00e0i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 h\u1eadu s\u1ef1, th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee7 tr\u1eafng m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u kh\u0103n tang khi ti\u1ec5n bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span> ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> trong di th\u01b0 d\u00e0nh cho m\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span><\/span> ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi t\u00f4n hi\u1ec7u<\/span><\/span> Tam \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ebf s\u01b0<\/span><\/span>,<\/i> m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng<\/span><\/span> ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a bao h\u00e0ng Th\u00edch t\u1eed<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u00f4ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft, nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf<\/span><\/span> v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ai tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi<\/span><\/span>. \u0110\u1ea1o ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span> th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2 l\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh th\u00e2n, kh\u00e1c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span><\/span> v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0i c\u1ed1t nh\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>. C\u00e1c \u00f4ng n\u1ebfu v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> ta d\u1ea1y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u1eed<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a ta, n\u1ebfu tr\u00e1i di ng\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> s\u1ebd l\u1ea1c v\u00e0o phi ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Sau khi ta m\u00e3n ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span>, quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c tang ph\u1ee5c s\u00f4 gai, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edf than<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c. N\u1ebfu nh\u1edb ta th\u00ec si\u00eang n\u0103ng t\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec7m<\/span><\/span>, m\u1edbi x\u1ee9ng<\/i> \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1o \u00e2n<\/span><\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean phung ph\u00ed<\/span><\/span> ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c oai nghi<\/span><\/span> t\u1ed1ng t\u00e1ng<\/span><\/span>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span><\/span> m\u1ed3 m\u00e3 m\u00e0 u\u1ed5ng ph\u00ed nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng. Ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean t\u00f4n tr\u00ed di th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ta tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gi\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m<\/span><\/span> ni\u1ec7m t\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span>. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 y ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span> tr\u00e0-t\u1ef3, khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh tro th\u00ec t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> qu\u0103ng b\u1ecf<\/span><\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp linh v\u1ecb hay h\u1ecda v\u1ebb ch\u00e2n dung<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a ta. Nho sinh c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i hai h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u00f2n th\u1ecd t\u00e2m tang, hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh<\/span><\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 ta, th\u00ec tang nghi sao kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n th\u1ebf?[26]<\/b><\/a>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng di hu\u1ea5n<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a ba b\u1eadc cao t\u0103ng<\/span><\/span> ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i Thi\u00ean Thai<\/span><\/span>, ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i B\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t tang nghi gi\u1ea3n ti\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span>. Di nguy\u1ec7n t\u00f4n qu\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c d\u1ecb, c\u1ea7u danh<\/span><\/span>, v\u00ec t\u00f4n danh c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd<\/span><\/span> ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 cao ch\u1ea5t ng\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd<\/span><\/span> ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129<\/span><\/span> nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span>, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> ch\u1ed7 t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh<\/span><\/span>, th\u1eadm th\u00e2m<\/span><\/span>. Theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span>, nh\u1eefng di nguy\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ba v\u1ecb cao t\u0103ng<\/span><\/span> n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> t\u1eeb c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n kinh, lu\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, theo kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng<\/span><\/span><\/i> (S.v,161)[27]<\/a>, khi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi, t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t xin ph\u00e9p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea nh\u00e0<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch<\/span><\/span>, m\u00e0 xung quanh<\/span><\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n. Sau khi h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> Cunda \u0111\u00e3 thu l\u1ea5y x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i b\u1ecf v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t<\/span><\/span>, g\u00f3i l\u1ea1i trong y v\u00e0 \u0111em v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span>. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00f5m, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 y\u00ean b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span>, l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/span> cho nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span>, m\u00e0 trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ba v\u1ecb cao t\u0103ng<\/span><\/span> n\u00eau tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eady, theo Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> M\u1ee5c li\u00ean<\/span><\/span> v\u1ea5n gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> trung ng\u0169 b\u00e1ch khinh tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1<\/i>, cho bi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> r\u1eb1ng khi c\u00f3 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span><\/span> vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch<\/span><\/span>, th\u00ec ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng<\/span><\/span> n\u00ean d\u00f9ng hai y T\u0103ng-k\u1ef3-chi[28]<\/b><\/a> v\u00e0 N\u00ea-ho\u00e0n-t\u0103ng[29]<\/b><\/a> ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean di th\u1ec3, ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span><\/span>, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> kh\u00e1c n\u00ean sung v\u00e0o v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n theo b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec. N\u1ebfu ch\u00f4n qu\u00e1 n\u0103m ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span><\/span> Kh\u00ed<\/i> (M\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch ch\u00fa)[30]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1o Tuy\u00ean<\/span><\/span> (596- 667) d\u1eabn l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam trong T\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> san ph\u1ed3n b\u1ed5 khuy\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1<\/span><\/span> sao<\/i>, quy\u1ec3n H\u1ea1:<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n theo nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt h\u01a1n n\u0103m ti\u1ec1n, n\u1ebfu ch\u00f4n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span><\/span> ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span><\/span> tr\u1ecdng. Th\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span><\/span>, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft n\u00ean g\u00f3p ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0m chi ph\u00ed an t\u00e1ng<\/span><\/span>. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3, th\u00ec trong ch\u00fang t\u0103ng<\/span><\/span> ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t \u00edt ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> c\u1ed1 th\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 n\u1eefa th\u00ec m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1ea1m y, \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m chi ph\u00ed ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t, r\u1ed3i b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> l\u1ea1i cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span>. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1c ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span> y\u1ebft ma<\/span><\/span> xin t\u0103ng[31]<\/b><\/a><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, c\u1ea3 hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u00f9ng v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kheo \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 n\u0103m ti\u1ec1n. V\u1eady n\u0103m ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m ti\u1ec1n (\u4e94\u9322), c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch \u00e2m l\u00e0 Ng\u0169-ma-s\u00e1i (\u4e94\u78e8\u7051) l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/span><\/span> ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf \u1edf th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> ghi l\u00e0 Pa\u00f1ca-M\u0101saka, theo t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n P\u0101li c\u1ee7a PTS, th\u00ec Pa\u00f1ca-M\u0101saka c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span><\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu. Theo Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kinh \u00e2m ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span><\/i>, n\u0103m ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span><\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 n\u0103m h\u1ea1t ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed3ng (\u68a7\u6850\u5b50)[32]<\/a>. Theo kinh Hi\u1ec1n ngu<\/i>, quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1u, th\u00ec n\u0103m ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u00f3 c\u1ee7i[33]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft qu\u00e1 n\u0103m ti\u1ec1n, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> h\u00f3a tang nghi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> c\u1ea3 ba v\u1ecb cao t\u0103ng<\/span><\/span> n\u00eau tr\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> tang nghi, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span><\/span> qu\u00fd ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/span><\/span> th\u1ef1c thi \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y?<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3c than cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p. Trong kinh Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span><\/span> gi\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3c v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span><\/span> ch\u1ebft khi c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 tr\u1ebb[34]<\/a>. Tham chi\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef3-kheo kh\u00f3c ra ti\u1ebfng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y t\u1ed5, cha m\u1eb9<\/span><\/span>, huynh \u0111\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> th\u00ec ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span><\/span> \u0110\u1ecda[35]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tang nghi n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo kinh, lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 tang nghi \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p. T\u1eeb c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 di ng\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a ba v\u1ecb cao t\u0103ng<\/span><\/span> v\u1eeba d\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang theo kinh, m\u00e0 khi ra \u0111i c\u0169ng tu\u00e2n h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> theo gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span>, n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf duy\u00ean<\/span><\/span> sanh. V\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> mang t\u00ednh t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3, nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> trong chu\u1ed7i lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span><\/span> v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng xem t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c tang nghi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span>. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> c\u0169ng th\u1eeba ti\u1ebfp quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i qua v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, nguy c\u01a1. Mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span>, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/span><\/span> b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n, t\u00f9y duy\u00ean<\/span><\/span>. Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/span>, uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ebft<\/span><\/span>. T\u00f9y duy\u00ean<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi<\/span><\/span> l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y<\/span><\/span> trong kinh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tang nghi c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Th\u00edch t\u1eed<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed nghi l\u1ec5<\/span><\/span> c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 trong ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span><\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong thi\u1ec1n m\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> quy c\u1ee7<\/span><\/span>. Theo ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1o Tuy\u00ean<\/span><\/span>, vi\u1ec7c tang l\u1ec5, ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gian<\/span><\/span>. N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span>, t\u00f9y th\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> cho qua th\u00ec th\u00e0nh ra b\u1ea5t nh\u1eabn. N\u1ebfu trang ho\u00e0ng<\/span><\/span> phung ph\u00ed<\/span><\/span> th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> \u1edf th\u1ebf gian<\/span><\/span>[36]<\/b><\/a><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span><\/span> cho th\u1ea5y, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu tang nghi kh\u1ea3 t\u00edn d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t s\u0129. Hy v\u1ecdng<\/span><\/span> r\u1eb1ng, khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc t\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> c\u00f9ng tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0, th\u00ec \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng xa, tang nghi c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Th\u00edch t\u1eed<\/span><\/span> s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00fang ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i nh\u00e0, th\u00e1c c\u00e1i m\u1ed3<\/i> l\u00e0 t\u00edn ni\u1ec7m mang t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/span><\/span>. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng<\/span><\/span> t\u00edn ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tang nghi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span><\/span> nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span><\/span> t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi tu. V\u00ec suy \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng, vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u chu\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c th\u00e2n, d\u00f9 khi s\u1ed1ng hay sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span><\/span>, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy<\/span><\/span> h\u1eefu ng\u00e3.<\/span><\/p>\n


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[1]<\/a> Ng\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>. Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u ng\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span><\/span> trong ng\u1eef l\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span><\/span> Vi\u00ean Ng\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> Ph\u1eadt Qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> (1063-1135): S\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7c th\u00eam \u00e1o, ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 c\u1edfi h\u1ea1 y<\/span><\/span><\/i> (\u751f\u5982\u8457\u886b.\u6b7b\u5982\u812b\u88b4). Xem, \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 47 \u518a No. 1997 \u5713\u609f\u4f5b\u679c\u79aa\u5e2b\u8a9e\u9304, \u5377\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09, \u5c0f\u53c3\u516d.\u00a0 \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span><\/span>, c\u00e2u ng\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> \u1edf d\u00f2ng d\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 Sanh t\u1eed<\/span><\/span> <\/i>(\u751f\u6b7b)c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng (1240-1290): \u751f\u5982\u8457\u886b, \u6b7b\u5982\u812b\u8932<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[2]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 48 \u518a No. 2025 \u6555\u4fee\u767e\u4e08\u6e05\u898f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[3]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 54 \u518a No. 2127 \u91cb\u6c0f\u8981\u89bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[4]<\/a>\u5927\u85cf\u7d93\u88dc\u7de8\u7b2c 19 \u518a No. 0103 \u79aa\u6797\u8c61\u5668\u7b8b<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[5]<\/a> Th\u00edch Nguy\u00ean T\u00e2m<\/span><\/span>, th\u00e2u l\u1ee5c, Thi\u1ec1n m\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch<\/span><\/span> khoa nghi, b\u1ea3n l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, 2001.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[6]<\/a> Monier-Williams, M. A Sanskrit English Dictionary<\/i>. Springfield, VA: Nataraj Books, 2014. p. 1115.;Buddhadatta Mah\u0101theraA.P.Consice P\u0101li-English Dictionary<\/i>. Sri Lanka: University of Ceylon, 1949. p. 292.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[7]<\/a> H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 01 \u518a No. 0026 \u4e2d\u963f\u542b\u7d93, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d, \u8aaa\u7121\u5e38\u7d93<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[8]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 24 \u518a No. 1462 \u5584\u898b\u5f8b\u6bd8\u5a46\u6c99, \u5377\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[9]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 54 \u518a No. 2125 \u5357\u6d77\u5bc4\u6b78\u5167\u6cd5\u50b3, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e8c, \u5341\u4e8c\u5c3c\u8863\u55aa\u5236<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[10]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 48 \u518a No. 2025 \u6555\u4fee\u767e\u4e08\u6e05\u898f, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[11]<\/a> \u0110\u01a1n c\u1eed g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tang l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a HT. Th\u00edch Th\u00f4ng L\u1ea1c, \u1edf T\u00e2y Ninh.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[12]<\/a> Nh\u01b0 tang l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a HT. Th\u00e1nh Nghi\u00eam<\/span><\/span> \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[13]<\/a> T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span><\/span> b\u1ed9 Thanh quy<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i B\u00e1ch Tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ho\u00e0i H\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> (720- 784) bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 8, \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. Do th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIV, ch\u00e1u n\u1ed1i d\u00f2ng<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Huy<\/span><\/span>, v\u00e2ng s\u1eafc m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n<\/span><\/span> l\u1ea1i, l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 S\u1eafc tu B\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh quy<\/span><\/span>. Xem, S\u1eafc tu b\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh quy<\/span><\/span><\/i>, Th\u00edch Ph\u01b0\u1edbc S\u01a1n v\u00e0 L\u00fd Vi\u1ec7t D\u0169ng, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2008<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[14]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 49 \u518a No. 2035 \u4f5b\u7956\u7d71\u7d00, \u5377\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u56db. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u50e7\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u842c\u767e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u4eba. \u5c3c\u842c\u4e94\u5343\u516d\u767e\u56db\u5341\u4e09\u4eba<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[15]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 49 \u518a No. 2035 \u4f5b\u7956\u7d71\u7d00, \u5377\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u56db. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u9322\u5510\u6708\u8f2a\u5c71\u6c99\u9580\u9053\u8aa0.\u4ee5\u671d\u5ef7\u8983\u6069\u666e\u5ea6.\u64b0\u91cb\u6c0f\u8981\u89bd\u4e09\u5377.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[16]<\/a> T\u0103ng huy k\u00fd<\/i> g\u1ecdi cho \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 H\u00e0nh s\u1ef1<\/span><\/span> sao t\u0103ng huy k\u00fd <\/i>(\u884c\u4e8b\u9214\u589e\u6689\u7d00), g\u1ed3m 20 quy\u1ec3n, do ng\u00e0i Hi Gi\u00e1c so\u1ea1n. Theo T\u1ed1ng cao t\u0103ng truy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span><\/i>, quy\u1ec3n 16, ng\u00e0i Hi Gi\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span> c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t am t\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> D\u1ecbch l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Nho gia<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[17]<\/a> B\u1ea1ch h\u1ed5<\/span><\/span> th\u00f4ng<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Nho gia<\/span><\/span> th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Theo Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed5 l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span><\/i>, quy\u1ec3n 5, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n (25-220) H\u00e1n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ebf ra l\u1ec7nh cho Tr\u1ecbnh Huy\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng nho sinh kh\u00e1c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n<\/span><\/span> s\u00e1ch B\u1ea1ch h\u1ed5<\/span><\/span> th\u00f4ng. Xem, \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 49 \u518a No. 2036 \u4f5b\u7956\u6b77\u4ee3\u901a\u8f09, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e94. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u5e1d\u547d\u912d\u7384\u7b49\u8af8\u751f\u4f5c\u767d\u864e\u901a.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[18]<\/a> Cao Xu\u00e2n Huy, T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u2013 G\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00ecn tham chi\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span><\/i>, NXB. V\u0103n H\u1ecdc<\/span><\/span>, 1995, tr.197.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[19]<\/a> \u7a0b\u98a2, \u7a0b\u9890, \u8457.\u4e8c\u7a0b\u96c6. \u5317\u4eac:\u4e2d\u83ef\u66f8\u5c40.1981\u5e74\u7248, 58\u9801.Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u4eca\u6709\u72c2\u592b\u9189\u4eba,\u5984\u4ee5\u5176\u5148\u4eba\u68fa\u6aec\u4e00\u5f48,\u5247\u4fbf\u4ee5\u7232\u6df1\u8b8e\u81e3\u6028,\u53ca\u89aa\u62fd\u5176\u89aa\u800c\u7d0d\u4e4b\u706b\u4e2d,\u5247\u7565\u4e0d\u4ee5\u7232\u602a, \u53ef\u4e0d\u54c0\u54c9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[20]<\/a> B\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> Trung Hoa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef: Tam V\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t T\u00f4n chi<\/span><\/span> \u00e1ch<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[21]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 50 \u518a No. 2060 \u7e8c\u9ad8\u50e7\u50b3, \u7b2c\u5341\u4e03, \u91cb\u667a\u9857.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[22]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 50 \u518a No. 2060 \u7e8c\u9ad8\u50e7\u50b3, \u5377\u7b2c\u5341\u4e03, \u91cb\u667a\u9857. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n:.\u4eba\u547d\u5c07\u7d42.\u805e\u937e\u78ec\u8072\u589e\u5176\u6b63\u5ff5.\u552f\u9577\u552f\u4e45\u6c23\u76e1\u70ba\u671f.\u4e91\u4f55\u8eab\u51b7\u65b9\u5fa9\u97ff\u78ec.\u4e16\u9593\u54ed\u6ce3\u8457\u670d\u7686\u4e0d\u61c9\u4f5c.\u4e14\u5404\u9ed8\u7136.\u543e\u5c07\u53bb\u77e3.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[23]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 50 \u518a No. 2053 \u5927\u5510\u5927\u6148\u6069\u5bfa\u4e09\u85cf\u6cd5\u5e2b\u50b3,\u5377\u7b2c\u5341. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u65bc\u662f\u9580\u4eba\u9075\u5176\u907a\u547d,\u4ee5\u7c67\u7be8\u70ba\u8f3f,\u5949\u795e\u67e9\u9084\u4eac,\u5b89\u7f6e\u6148\u6069\u7ffb\u7d93\u5802\u5167.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[24]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 50 \u518a No. 2060 \u7e8c\u9ad8\u50e7\u50b3, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[25]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 50 \u518a No. 2064 \u795e\u50e7\u50b3, \u5377\u7b2c\u516d.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[26]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 52 \u518a No. 2120 \u4ee3\u5b97\u671d\u8d08\u53f8\u7a7a\u5927\u8fa8\u6b63\u5ee3\u667a\u4e09\u85cf\u548c\u4e0a\u8868\u5236\u96c6, \u4e09\u85cf\u548c\u4e0a\u907a\u66f8\u4e00\u9996. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u6c5d\u7b49\u9808\u77e5.\u4eba\u4ee3\u7121\u5e38\u8ab0\u514d\u6b64\u4e5f.\u5e2b\u8cc7\u4e4b\u9053\u4ee5\u6cd5\u7fa9\u60c5\u89aa\u4e0d\u540c\u9aa8\u8089.\u8207\u4fd7\u5168\u5225.\u6c5d\u7b49\u82e5\u4f9d\u543e\u8a9e\u662f\u543e\u6cd5\u5b50.\u82e5\u9055\u543e\u547d\u5247\u975e\u6cd5\u7de3.\u543e\u58fd\u7d42\u5f8c.\u4e26\u4e0d\u5f97\u8457\u670d\u53ca\u6709\u54ed\u6ce3\u6500\u6155.\u61b6\u543e\u5373\u52e4\u52a0\u5ff5\u8aa6.\u662f\u5831\u543e\u6069.\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5f97\u6789\u7834\u9322\u8ca1\u5a01\u5100\u846c\u9001.\u4ea6\u83ab\u7f6e\u5176\u584b\u57df\u865b\u68c4\u4eba\u529f.\u552f\u6301\u4e00\u5e8a.\u76e1\u9808\u5ff5\u8aa6.\u9001\u81f3\u90ca\u5916.\u4f9d\u6cd5\u837c\u6bd8.\u53d6\u7070\u52a0\u6301.\u4fbf\u5373\u6563\u5374.\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5f97\u7acb\u5176\u9748\u673a\u5716\u5beb\u543e\u5f62.\u5112\u751f\u4e03\u5341\u4e8c\u5b50\u5c1a\u6709\u5fc3\u55aa.\u543e\u6559\u704c\u9802\u76f8\u50b3\u90fd\u4e0d\u7136\u4e5f.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[27]<\/a> Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 2, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2013, tr. 574-577.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[28]<\/a> \u00c1o l\u00f3t ph\u1ee7 vai. Theo, \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 54 \u518a No. 2130 \u7ffb\u68b5\u8a9e, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e09, \u50e7\u7947\u652f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[29]<\/a> C\u00e1i qu\u1ea7n. Theo, \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 54 \u518a No. 2130 \u7ffb\u68b5\u8a9e, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e09, \u6ce5\u6d39\u50e7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[30]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 24 \u518a No. 1483a \u4f5b\u8aaa\u76ee\u9023\u554f\u6212\u5f8b\u4e2d\u4e94\u767e\u8f15\u91cd\u4e8b. \u554f\u6bd4\u4e18\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e8b\u54c1\u7b2c\u5341. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n:\u50e7\u8207\u6ce5\u6d39\u50e7\u50e7\u7947\u652f\u81ea\u8986,\u81ea\u9918\u76e1\u5165\u50e7\u7269,\u4e00\u5207\u4e0d\u5f97\u57cb.\u57cb\u6eff\u4e94\u9322,\u72af\u68c4.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[31]<\/a> Lu\u1eadt t\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ea1o Tuy\u00ean<\/span><\/span>, T\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> san ph\u1ed3n b\u1ed5 khuy\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1<\/span><\/span> sao<\/i>, t\u1eadp 2, t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span><\/span> Th\u00edch Minh Th\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, NXB. H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c, 2017, Tr. 362<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[32]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 54 \u518a No. 2128 \u4e00\u5207\u7d93\u97f3\u7fa9, \u5377\u7b2c\u516d\u5341, \u4e94\u78e8\u7051<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[33]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 04 \u518a No. 0202 \u8ce2\u611a\u7d93, \u5377\u7b2c\u516d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[34]<\/a> Kinh Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 4, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2015, tr. 644.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[35]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 24 \u518a No. 1483a \u4f5b\u8aaa\u76ee\u9023\u554f\u6212\u5f8b\u4e2d\u4e94\u767e\u8f15\u91cd\u4e8b. \u554f\u6bd4\u4e18\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e8b\u54c1\u7b2c\u5341. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u554f:\u5e2b\u5f92\u7236\u6bcd\u5144\u5f1f\u6b7b,\u5f97\u54ed\u4e0d? \u7b54:\u4e0d\u5f97,\u4e00\u8209\u8072\u72af\u58ae.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[36]<\/a> Lu\u1eadt t\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ea1o Tuy\u00ean<\/span><\/span>, T\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> san ph\u1ed3n b\u1ed5 khuy\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1<\/span><\/span> sao<\/i>, t\u1eadp 2, t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span><\/span> Th\u00edch Minh Th\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, NXB. H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c, 2017, tr.361<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n


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