{"id":7924,"date":"2020-12-07T00:07:47","date_gmt":"2020-12-06T17:07:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/07\/thoi-duc-phat-chu-tang-co-duoc-nhan-tien-hay-khong-nghien-cuu-ve-mot-truong-hop-trong-luat-thap-tung\/"},"modified":"2020-12-07T00:07:47","modified_gmt":"2020-12-06T17:07:47","slug":"thoi-duc-phat-chu-tang-co-duoc-nhan-tien-hay-khong-nghien-cuu-ve-mot-truong-hop-trong-luat-thap-tung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/07\/thoi-duc-phat-chu-tang-co-duoc-nhan-tien-hay-khong-nghien-cuu-ve-mot-truong-hop-trong-luat-thap-tung\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng C\u00f3 \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u1eadn Ti\u1ec1n Hay Kh\u00f4ng? Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u V\u1ec1 M\u1ed9t Tr\u01b0\u1eddng H\u1ee3p Trong Lu\u1eadt Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng."},"content":{"rendered":"

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Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng<\/span> C\u00f3 \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u1eadn Ti\u1ec1n Hay Kh\u00f4ng? <\/span><\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u<\/span> V\u1ec1 M\u1ed9t Tr\u01b0\u1eddng H\u1ee3p<\/span> Trong Lu\u1eadt Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00fac Ph\u00fa<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\"khat

Theo kinh, lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span>, ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng<\/span><\/span> th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn kim ng\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c qu\u00fd kim t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span><\/span> trong kinh Ph\u1ea1m v\u00f5ng<\/span><\/span>[i]<\/b><\/a><\/i>, kinh Sa-m\u00f4n qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/span>[ii]<\/b><\/a><\/i>, kinh Ma\u1e47ic\u016b\u1e37am<\/i> (S.iv,325)[iii]<\/a>, kinh C\u00e1c u\u1ebf nhi\u1ec5m<\/i> (A.ii,53)[iv]<\/a> v\u00e0 \u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span><\/span> trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadt Th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng<\/i>[v]<\/a>, lu\u1eadt T\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span><\/i>[vi]<\/a>, lu\u1eadt Ng\u0169 ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span><\/i>[vii]<\/a>, \u00a0lu\u1eadt Ma-ha-t\u0103ng k\u1ef3<\/i>[viii]<\/a>, C\u0103n b\u1ea3n thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> T\u1ef3-n\u1ea1i-da<\/i>[ix]<\/a>, Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u1edbi t\u1ef3-kheo<\/i>[x]<\/a>, Mahavagga<\/i>[xi]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kinh, lu\u1eadt qu\u1ea3ng di\u1ec5n kh\u00e1c nhau, tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/span> quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> s\u1ed1ng T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t qua c\u00e2u kinh:<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y Th\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00e1c Sa-m\u00f4n Th\u00edch t\u1eed<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p d\u00f9ng v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c<\/span><\/span>. C\u00e1c Sa-m\u00f4n Th\u00edch t\u1eed<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c<\/span><\/span>. C\u00e1c Sa-m\u00f4n Th\u00edch t\u1eed<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c<\/span><\/span>. C\u00e1c Sa-m\u00f4n Th\u00edch t\u1eed<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span><\/span> ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c<\/span><\/span>. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ly khai v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1c <\/i>(S.iv,325)[xii]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0(Na hi, g\u0101ma\u1e47i, kappati sama\u1e47\u0101na\u1e43 sakyaputtiy\u0101na\u1e43 j\u0101tar\u016bparajata\u1e43, na s\u0101diyanti sama\u1e47\u0101 sakyaputtiy\u0101 j\u0101tar\u016bparajata\u1e43, nappa\u1e6digga\u1e47hanti sama\u1e47\u0101 sakyaputtiy\u0101 j\u0101tar\u016bparajata\u1e43, nikkhittama\u1e47isuva\u1e47\u1e47\u0101 sama\u1e47\u0101 sakyaputtiy\u0101 apetaj\u0101tar\u016bparajat\u0101)[xiii]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady qu\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p<\/span><\/span> t\u1ef3-kheo \u1edf th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span>, c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, trong lu\u1eadt Th\u1eadp-t\u1ee5ng<\/i>, quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 39, ph\u1ea7n Minh t\u1ea1p ph\u00e1p, ph\u1ea7n 4, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u \u0111\u01a1n l\u1eadp mang ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt \u1edf t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e1-v\u1ec7, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y T\u0103ng B\u1ed1-t\u00e1t, phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i c\u00fang ti\u1ec1n cho T\u0103ng, c\u00e1c t\u1ef3-kheo kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ch\u01b0a cho nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> l\u1ec5 B\u1ed1-t\u00e1t. C\u00e1c t\u1ef3-kheo kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft x\u1eed tr\u00ed<\/span><\/span> vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u00ean b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>, Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o<\/span><\/span>: Cho ph\u00e9p<\/span><\/span> nh\u1eadn<\/i>. (Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c<\/span><\/b>: \u4f5b\u5728\u820d\u885b\u570b. \u50e7\u5e03\u85a9\u6642, \u672b\u5229\u592b\u4eba\u65bd\u50e7\u9322, \u8af8\u6bd4\u4e18\u4e0d\u53d7: \u4f5b\u672a\u807d\u53d7\u5e03\u85a9\u9322. \u8af8\u6bd4\u4e18\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e91\u4f55? \u662f\u4e8b\u767d\u4f5b, \u4f5b\u8a00: \u807d\u53d7)[xiv]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u00eau tr\u00ean th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span><\/span> tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ngay trong lu\u1eadt Th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng<\/i>, n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3[xv]<\/a>. V\u1eady c\u00e2u v\u0103n n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi kinh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt?<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang c\u00e2u v\u0103n trong lu\u1eadt Th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng<\/i> n\u00eau tr\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span><\/span> li\u00ean quan<\/span><\/span>, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> tr\u00ean ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span>: nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i, phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c ng\u1eef hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>Nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i (Mallik\u0101) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span><\/span> t\u1ea1i gia<\/span><\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> trong kinh T\u0103ng Chi<\/i> (A.iv.347)[xvi]<\/a>. Theo Jataka s\u1ed1 415[xvii]<\/a>, b\u00e0 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m tr\u00e0ng hoa<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p vua Ba-t\u01b0-n\u1eb7c (P\u0101senad\u012b) \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00f4n t\u1ea9u. C\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ebb n\u1ebft na thu\u1ea7n h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i ch\u00e2n qu\u00ea, vua Ba-t\u01b0-n\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 phong n\u00e0ng l\u00e0m ch\u00e1nh h\u1eadu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ed1n th\u00e2n c\u1eadn Tam b\u1ea3o<\/span><\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu, v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> ba b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o cho \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span>[xviii]<\/a>, M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> si\u00eang n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/span> h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span>. Sau khi quy y Tam B\u1ea3o<\/span><\/span>[xix]<\/a>, phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vua Ba-t\u01b0-n\u1eb7c quy ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span><\/span> Tam T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span>[xx]<\/a>. Trong kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng<\/span><\/span><\/i> (S.i,75) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, trong cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi vua Ba-t\u01b0-n\u1eb7c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng qua v\u1ea7n k\u1ec7:<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e2m ta \u0111i c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp,
<\/i>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eddi,
<\/i>C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c,
<\/i>Ai th\u00e2n h\u01a1n t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3.
<\/i>T\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/span>,
<\/i>Qu\u00e1 th\u00e2n \u00e1i<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.
<\/i>V\u1eady ai y\u00eau t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3,
<\/i>Ch\u1edb h\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i>[xxi]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span><\/span>, trong kinh T\u0103ng Chi <\/i>(A.ii,202), nh\u00e2n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a b\u00e0: Do nh\u00e2n g\u00ec, b\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span>, do duy\u00ean g\u00ec, b\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span>, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1eef nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span>, dung s\u1eafc x\u1ea5u, s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p x\u1ea5u, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng<\/span><\/span> h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span>, ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5<\/span><\/span>, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> \u00edt, s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span><\/span> \u00edt, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> uy t\u00edn<\/span><\/span> \u00edt<\/i>?[xxii]<\/a> T\u1eeb c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span><\/span> b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd:<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span>, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nay, con s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9<\/span><\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u00e3o h\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ea7u cho b\u1ecb n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u<\/span><\/span>, con s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i n\u00f3ng, n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn<\/span><\/span>, n\u1ed5i s\u00e2n, s\u1eebng s\u1ed9, g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n<\/span><\/span>. Con s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9<\/span><\/span>, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span><\/span>, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n<\/span><\/span>. Con s\u1ebd b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span><\/span> cho Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n m\u00f3n \u0103n v\u1eadt u\u1ed1ng, v\u1ea3i m\u1eb7c, xe c\u1ed9, v\u00f2ng hoa<\/span><\/span>, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u1ea5n s\u00e1p, gi\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m, tr\u00fa x\u1ee9, \u0111\u00e8n \u0111u\u1ed1c<\/i>[xxiii]<\/b><\/i><\/a>\u2026<\/i> T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span><\/span> h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span>, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>V\u00e0i s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span><\/span> c\u00fang ba b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> trong Jataka s\u1ed1 415, th\u1ebf n\u00ean M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> r\u1ea5t si\u00eang n\u0103ng trong h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span><\/span>, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, lu\u1eadt Th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i:<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e1-v\u1ec7, l\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/span><\/span> phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i v\u00e0o tinh x\u00e1 K\u1ef3-ho\u00e0n<\/span><\/span> nghe ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span>. Th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kheo thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span> trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i li\u1ec1n h\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1eafp \u0111\u00e8n. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kheo \u0111\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e8n. Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> li\u1ec1n th\u01b0a: Con xin c\u00fang \u0111\u00e8n. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kheo \u0111\u00e1p: Ph\u1eadt ch\u01b0a cho ph\u00e9p<\/span><\/span> ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> th\u1eafp \u0111\u00e8n. Nh\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>. Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: Ta cho ph\u00e9p<\/span><\/span><\/i>[xxiv]<\/b><\/i><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> kh\u00e1c:<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e1-v\u1ec7. L\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/span><\/span> phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> cho ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng<\/span><\/span> ph\u00e1p t\u00f2a<\/span><\/span> cao. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kheo n\u00f3i: Ph\u1eadt ch\u01b0a cho ph\u00e9p<\/span><\/span> ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span>. Nh\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>. Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p d\u00f9ng<\/i>[xxv]<\/b><\/i><\/a>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd vi\u1ec7c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span><\/span> tinh x\u00e1<\/span><\/span> c\u00fang cho T\u0103ng. Lu\u1eadt ghi:<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e1-v\u1ec7. L\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/span><\/span>, phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 trang nghi\u00eam<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng<\/span><\/span>. C\u00e1c t\u1ef3-kheo n\u00f3i: Ph\u1eadt ch\u01b0a cho ph\u00e9p<\/span><\/span> ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 trang nghi\u00eam<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft x\u1eed tr\u00ed<\/span><\/span> th\u1ebf n\u00e0o li\u1ec1n b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>. Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf<\/i>[xxvi]<\/b><\/i><\/a>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Xem ra<\/span><\/span>, phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m<\/span><\/span> h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec<\/span><\/span> ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> hoan h\u1ef7<\/span><\/span> h\u1ee9a kh\u1ea3<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecbnh t\u00edn<\/span><\/span> Tam B\u1ea3o<\/span><\/span> s\u00e2u d\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5ng c\u00fang nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>, T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 nh\u01b0 phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> phi ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 so v\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span><\/span>, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span>, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/span><\/span> nghi v\u1ea5n<\/span><\/span> n\u00eau tr\u00ean<\/span><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>T\u00ednh \u0111a ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c ng\u1eef hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang dak\u1e63i\u1e47\u0101 (<\/b>\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u093e<\/b>).<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/span> c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> cho Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span> trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span><\/span> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 trong Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span>. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span>, khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span><\/span> \u1edf ngh\u0129a chung th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u0101na (\u0926\u093e\u0928)[xxvii]<\/a>, khi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span><\/span> mang ngh\u0129a c\u00f4ng \u00edch<\/span><\/span>, \u00edch l\u1ee3i<\/span><\/span> cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span><\/span>, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 utsarga (\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0917)[xxviii]<\/a>, khi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span><\/span> mang ngh\u0129a c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> cho ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 dak\u1e63i\u1e47\u0101 (\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u093e). Dak\u1e63i\u1e47\u0101 v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n sau khi v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u1eed h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5<\/span><\/span> c\u00fang t\u1ebf[xxix]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span> H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng, t\u00f9y theo<\/span><\/span> t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span><\/span> phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span><\/span>, t\u00f9y theo<\/span><\/span> ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh kinh v\u0103n m\u00e0 t\u1eeb dak\u1e63i\u1e47\u0101 (\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u093e) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean \u00e2m th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1t-s\u1ea5n (\u9054\u56ab), \u0110\u1ea1t-s\u1ea5n (\u5660\u56ab)ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ea1t-s\u1ea5n (\u9054\u478b). Theo kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, ba c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u00e2m \u1edf H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng v\u1eeba n\u00eau th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ch\u1eef dak\u1e63i\u1e47\u0101 (\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u093e), v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0o ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1edf d\u0129<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong ba t\u1ef1 d\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ea1t-s\u1ea5n<\/i> n\u00eau tr\u00ean l\u00e0 do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span>, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m\u2026 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2<\/span><\/span> Th\u01b0 t\u1ef1<\/i> (\u66f8\u5b57) trong h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span><\/span> phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span><\/span> kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span>. Theo Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed5<\/span><\/span> th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef7<\/i>, quy\u1ec3n 43, trong h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span><\/span> d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi x\u01b0a<\/span><\/span> g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span><\/span> ch\u00edn b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn Th\u01b0 t\u1ef1<\/i> (\u66f8\u5b57) \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2<\/span><\/span> l\u1eafng nghe v\u0103n ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef H\u00e1n (\u5be9\u807d\u68b5\u6587\u66f8\u6210\u83ef\u5b57)[xxx]<\/a>. S\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c trong khi chuy\u1ec3n \u00e2m Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> dak\u1e63i\u1e47\u0101 (\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u093e) sang ch\u1eef H\u00e1n l\u00e0 do b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft<\/span><\/b>, dak\u1e63i\u1e47\u0101 mang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span><\/span> trong kinh Hi\u1ec1n Ngu<\/i>, qua \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba-b\u00e0-l\u00ea gom g\u00f3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i<\/span><\/span>, c\u1ea7u th\u1ec9nh<\/span><\/span> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span><\/span> tr\u00e2n b\u1ea3o<\/span><\/span> m\u1ef9 v\u1ecb. Thi\u1ebft h\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1t-s\u1ea5n<\/i> (\u5927\u65bd\u5660\u56ab) m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb n\u0103m tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0ng<\/i>[xxxi]<\/b><\/i><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> T\u1eadp<\/i> trong kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> P\u0101li t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kinh Hi\u1ec1n Ngu<\/i>, \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb dakkhi\u1e47\u0101<\/i> \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y[xxxii]<\/a>, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9<\/span><\/span> ri\u00eang cho ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span><\/span>, theo Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kinh \u00e2m ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span><\/i>, quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 55 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n 89 th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1t- s\u1ea5n (\u5660\u56ab)c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a<\/span><\/span> T\u0103ng<\/i> (\u50e7\u9322)[xxxiii]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u1edf ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, dak\u1e63i\u1e47\u0101, hay \u0110\u1ea1t- s\u1ea5n (\u5660\u56ab)c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai<\/span><\/b>, dak\u1e63i\u1e47\u0101 hay \u0110\u1ea1t- s\u1ea5n (\u9054\u56ab) mang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span>, l\u00e0 t\u00e0i th\u00ed<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3i chung.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo Th\u00edch th\u1ecb y\u1ebfu l\u00e3m<\/span><\/span><\/i>, quy\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Ph\u1ea1n-ng\u1eef g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t-s\u1ea9n-noa, Trung Hoa g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0i th\u00ed<\/span><\/span>. Nay l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eef \u0110\u1ea1t-noa, ch\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <\/i>S\u1ea5n (\u56ab). Theo Ng\u0169 ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>, th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c xong th\u00ed y v\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t-<\/i> s\u1ea5n<\/i> (\u9054\u56ab)[xxxiv]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo, Phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch danh ngh\u0129a t\u1eadp<\/span><\/span><\/i>, quy\u1ec3n 4: \u0110\u1ea1t-s\u1ea5n<\/i> (\u9054\u56ab), theo lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> B\u00e0-tu-m\u1eadt<\/i> (\u5a46\u9808\u5bc6), g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0n s\u1ea5n<\/span><\/span><\/i> (\u6a80\u56ab)[xxxv]<\/a>, Trung Hoa g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0i th\u00ed<\/span><\/span>. Gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span> r\u1eb1ng, ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span><\/span>, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t-s\u1ea5n <\/i>(\u9054\u56ab)[xxxvi]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, dak\u1e63i\u1e47\u0101 hay \u0110\u1ea1t-s\u1ea5n (\u9054\u56ab) c\u00f2n mang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3i chung, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0i th\u00ed<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba<\/span><\/b>, dak\u1e63i\u1e47\u0101, hay \u0110\u1ea1t-s\u1ea5n (\u9054\u56ab) c\u00f2n mang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fac ph\u00fac<\/span><\/span>, ch\u00fa nguy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>, sau khi th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c xong, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u00fa nguy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> (\u5660\u56ab) cho th\u00ed ch\u1ee7<\/span><\/span>. Kinh Ng\u1ecdc-da<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y[xxxvii]<\/a>. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eady, trong kinh T\u0103ng-nh\u1ea5t-A-h\u00e0m<\/i>, quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn, \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span>, sau khi th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c xong, t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> Ca-di\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft k\u1ec7 ch\u00fa nguy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span>, t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span><\/span> (\u9054\u56ab)[xxxviii]<\/a>.C\u0169ng trong b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y, \u1edf quy\u1ec3n 25, l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> Thi-b\u00e0-la t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span><\/span> c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n k\u1ec7 m\u1ef9 di\u1ec7u[xxxix]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo lu\u1eadt T\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span><\/i>, vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span><\/span> ch\u00fa nguy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> (\u9054\u56ab) sau khi th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kheo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt ghi: L\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/span><\/span>, <\/i>c\u00f3<\/i> t\u1ef3-kheo<\/i> sau khi<\/i> \u0103n xong<\/i> th\u00ec<\/i> im l\u1eb7ng<\/span><\/span> r\u1eddi \u0111i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n vi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span><\/span> ngon <\/i>hay d\u1edf<\/i>, \u0111\u1ee7 <\/i>hay<\/i> thi\u1ebfu? C\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span><\/span> kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m<\/span><\/span> c\u01a1 hi\u1ec1m: <\/i>B\u1ecdn<\/i> ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u <\/i>khen ng\u1ee3i<\/i> b\u1ed1-th\u00ed<\/i>,<\/i> <\/i>t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span><\/span><\/i> \u0111\u00e0n-vi\u1ec7t<\/i>,<\/i> <\/i>v<\/i>\u1eady m\u00e0 Sa-m\u00f4n Th\u00edch t\u1eed<\/span><\/span> \u0103n xong th\u00ec im l\u1eb7ng<\/span><\/span> r\u1eddi \u0111i, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang <\/i>ta<\/i> kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span><\/span> ngon hay d\u1ee1, \u0111\u1ee7 hay thi\u1ebfu. C\u00e1c t\u1ef3-kheo b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>, Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n xong l\u1eb7ng<\/i> l\u1ebd b\u1ecf<\/i> \u0111i. Ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean v\u00ec \u0111\u00e0n-vi\u1ec7t t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span><\/span> c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> <\/i>(\u9054\u56ab), <\/i>ch\u00ed \u00edt<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span><\/span><\/i>[xl]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, dak\u1e63i\u1e47\u0101, hay \u0110\u1ea1t-s\u1ea5n (\u9054\u56ab) c\u00f2n mang ngh\u0129a t\u00e1n th\u00e1n<\/span><\/span>, ch\u00fa nguy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> cho th\u00ed ch\u1ee7<\/span><\/span> sau khi th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, trong t\u00ednh \u0111a ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span>, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch sang ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo<\/span><\/span> ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span>. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb dak\u1e63i\u1e47\u0101, hay \u0110\u1ea1t-s\u1ea5n (\u9054\u56ab) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span><\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi am hi\u1ec3u<\/span><\/span> Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 th\u00e2m t\u00edn<\/span><\/span> Tam B\u1ea3o<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u v\u0103n trong lu\u1eadt Th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng<\/i> n\u00eau tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e2u: phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i c\u00fang ti\u1ec1n cho T\u0103ng<\/i> (\u672b\u5229\u592b\u4eba\u65bd\u50e7\u9322), th\u00ec c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ti\u1ec1n cho T\u0103ng<\/i> (\u50e7\u9322) nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb dak\u1e63i\u1e47\u0101 hay \u0110\u1ea1t-s\u1ea5n (\u5660\u56ab).<\/span><\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e2u v\u0103n trong lu\u1eadt Th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng<\/i> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i th\u00ed <\/i>\u0111\u1ea1t<\/i>–<\/i>s\u1ea5n<\/i> (\u672b\u5229\u592b\u4eba\u65bd\u5660\u56ab). C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb th\u00ed <\/i>\u0111\u1ea1t<\/i>-s\u1ea9n<\/i>(\u65bd\u5660\u56ab)c\u0169ng t\u1eebng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> trong kinh Hi\u1ec1n Ngu<\/i>[xli]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ba ngh\u0129a c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c ng\u1eef dak\u1e63i\u1e47\u0101 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean \u00e2m th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1t-s\u1ea5n (\u9054\u56ab); t\u1eeb \u00fd<\/span><\/span> ngh\u0129a \u0110\u1ea1t-s\u1ea5n (\u9054\u56ab) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> y v\u1eadt, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00e0i th\u00ed<\/span><\/span> (\u8ca1\u65bd); t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> c\u1ea5m t\u1ef3-kheo kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span>, n\u1eafm gi\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c trong kinh, lu\u1eadt; do v\u1eady, c\u00e2u v\u0103n trong lu\u1eadt Th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng<\/i>: phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i c\u00fang ti\u1ec1n cho T\u0103ng<\/i> (\u672b\u5229\u592b\u4eba\u65bd\u50e7\u9322) \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi kinh v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

Phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> y v\u1eadt<\/i> (\u672b\u5229\u592b\u4eba\u65bd\u9054\u56ab).<\/span><\/p>\n


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[i]<\/a> Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2013, tr. 18.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[ii]<\/a> Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2013, tr.70.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[iii]<\/a> Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 2, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch. NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2013, tr. 370-371<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[iv]<\/a> Kinh T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 1, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2015, tr.394-396<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[v]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 23 \u518a No. 1435 \u5341\u8aa6\u5f8b, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e03. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u82e5\u6bd4\u4e18\u81ea\u624b\u53d6\u9435\u9322, \u7a81\u5409\u7f85. \u82e5\u53d6\u9285\u9322, \u767d\u945e\u9322, \u925b\u932b\u9322, \u6a39\u81a0\u9322, \u76ae\u9322, \u6728\u9322, \u7686\u7a81\u5409\u7f85.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[vi]<\/a> \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 22 \u518a No. 1428 \u56db\u5206\u5f8b, \u5377\u7b2c\u516b, \u4e09\u5341\u6368\u58ae\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e09. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n:\u00a0 \u82e5\u6bd4\u4e18\u81ea\u624b\u6349\u9322, \u82e5\u91d1\u9280, \u82e5\u6559\u4eba\u6349, \u82e5\u7f6e\u5730\u53d7\u8005, \u5c3c\u85a9\u8006\u6ce2\u9038\u63d0: T\u1ef3-kheo n\u00e0o, t\u1ef1 tay c\u1ea7m ti\u1ec1n, ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn, Ni-t\u00e1t-k\u1ef3 Ba-d\u1eadt-\u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[vii]<\/a> Lu\u1eadt ng\u0169 ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span>, HT. Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ed7ng Minh, d\u1ecbch, t\u1eadp 1, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4, X\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecda<\/span><\/span>, NXB. H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c, 2011, tr.299<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[viii]<\/a> \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 22 \u518a No. 1425 \u6469\u8a36\u50e7\u7947\u5f8b, \u5377\u7b2c\u5341, \u660e\u4e09\u5341\u5c3c\u85a9\u8006\u6ce2\u591c\u63d0\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e09. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u82e5\u6bd4\u4e18\u81ea\u624b\u6349\u751f\u8272, \u4f3c\u8272, \u82e5\u4f7f\u4eba\u6349\u8209, \u8caa\u8457\u8005, \u5c3c\u85a9\u8006\u6ce2\u591c\u63d0.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[ix]<\/a> \u00a0\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 23 \u518a No. 1442 \u6839\u672c\u8aaa\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u90e8\u6bd8\u5948\u8036, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00, \u6349\u91d1\u9280\u7b49\u5b78\u8655\u7b2c\u5341\u516b.Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u82e5\u5fa9\u82fe\u82bb\u81ea\u624b\u6349\u91d1\u9280\u9322\u7b49\uff0c\u82e5\u6559\u4ed6\u6349\uff0c\u6ce5\u85a9\u7947\u6ce2\u9038\u5e95\u8fe6.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[x]<\/a> Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u1edbi t\u1ef3-kheo, T\u1eadp 2, chuong7, \u01afng x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb<\/span><\/span>, ph\u1ea7n t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m, gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u 18. T\u1ef3-kheo Indacanda, d\u1ecbch.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xi]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span>, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, [85] Cho ph\u00e9p<\/span><\/span> s\u1ef1 ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xa. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: n\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cV\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o.\u201d T\u1ef3 kheo<\/span><\/span> Indacanda, d\u1ecbch.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xii]<\/a> Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 2, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch. NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2013, tr. 371<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xiii]<\/a> http:\/\/www.tipitaka.org<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xiv]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 23 \u518a No. 1435 \u5341\u8aa6\u5f8b, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e5d, \u660e\u96dc\u6cd5\u4e4b\u56db.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xv]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 23 \u518a No. 1435 \u5341\u8aa6\u5f8b, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e03. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u82e5\u6bd4\u4e18\u81ea\u624b\u53d6\u9435\u9322, \u7a81\u5409\u7f85. \u82e5\u53d6\u9285\u9322, \u767d\u945e\u9322, \u925b\u932b\u9322, \u6a39\u81a0\u9322, \u76ae\u9322, \u6728\u9322, \u7686\u7a81\u5409\u7f85.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xvi]<\/a> Kinh T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 2, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2015, tr. 434.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xvii]<\/a> Kinh Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 4, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2015, tr. 660-661.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xviii]<\/a> Jataka 415. Trong kinh T\u0103ng-nh\u1ea5t-A-h\u00e0m, quy\u1ec3n 3, M\u1ea1t-l\u1ee3i phu nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> Nh\u01b0 lai<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t. Xem, \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 02 \u518a No. 0125 \u589e\u58f9\u963f\u542b\u7d93, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e09,\u4e8c. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u6211\u5f1f\u5b50\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u512a\u5a46\u65af, \u4f9b\u990a\u5982\u4f86, \u6240\u8b02\u6469\u5229\u592b\u4eba\u662f.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xix]<\/a> Kinh T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 1, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2015, tr.556.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xx]<\/a> Kinh Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 3. Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Lan, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 1015, tr. 296-309. Xem th\u00eam, kinh Trung B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span>, kinh \u00c1i Sanh<\/span><\/span>, s\u1ed1 87.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[xxi]<\/a> Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 1, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch. NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2013, tr. 144.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[xxii]<\/a> Kinh T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 1, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2015, tr.554.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xxiii]<\/a> Kinh T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 1, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2015, tr.556.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xxiv]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 23 \u518a No. 1435 \u5341\u8aa6\u5f8b, \u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u516b. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u4f5b\u5728\u820d\u885b\u570b. \u723e\u6642\u672b\u5229\u592b\u4eba\u5165\u7947\u6853\u807d\u6cd5, \u8af8\u6bd4\u4e18\u95c7\u4e2d\u8aaa\u6cd5. \u672b\u5229\u592b\u4eba\u8a9e\u8af8\u6bd4\u4e18: \u4f55\u4e0d\u7136\u71c8? \u7b54\u8a00: \u7121\u71c8. \u592b\u4eba\u8a00: \u6211\u8207\u71c8. \u7b54\u8a00: \u4f5b\u672a\u807d\u6211\u7b49\u7136\u71c8. \u662f\u4e8b\u767d\u4f5b, \u4f5b\u8a00:\u807d.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xxv]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 23 \u518a No. 1435 \u5341\u8aa6\u5f8b, \u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u516b. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u4f5b\u5728\u820d\u885b\u570b. \u6642\u672b\u5229\u592b\u4eba\u65bd\u50e7\u9ad8\u5ea7, \u8af8\u6bd4\u4e18\u8a00: \u4f5b\u672a\u807d\u6211\u7b49\u53d7. \u662f\u4e8b\u767d\u4f5b, \u4f5b\u8a00: \u807d\u53d7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[xxvi]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 23 \u518a No. 1435 \u5341\u8aa6\u5f8b, \u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u516b. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u4f5b\u5728\u820d\u885b\u570b. \u672b\u5229\u592b\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e00\u8b1b\u5802\u7a2e\u7a2e\u838a\u56b4\u65bd\u50e7, \u8af8\u6bd4\u4e18\u8a00: \u4f5b\u672a\u807d\u6211\u7b49\u53d7\u7a2e\u7a2e\u838a\u56b4\u8b1b\u5802\u5728\u4e2d\u51fa\u5165. \u8af8\u6bd4\u4e18\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e91\u4f55? \u662f\u4e8b\u767d\u4f5b, \u4f5b\u8a00: \u6b64\u5802\u6e05\u6de8, \u53ef\u53d7\u5728\u4e2d\u51fa\u5165.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[xxvii]<\/a> M.Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit English Dictionary<\/i>. Springfield, VA: Nataraj Books, 2014, p. 474.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xxviii]<\/a> M.Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit English Dictionary<\/i>. Springfield, MA: Nataraj Books, 2014, p. 187.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[xxix]<\/a> M.Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit English Dictionary<\/i>. Springfield, MA: Nataraj Books, 2014, p. 466.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xxx]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 49 \u518a No. 2035 \u4f5b\u7956\u7d71\u7d00, \u5377\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u4e09.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[xxxi]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 04 \u518a No. 0202 \u8ce2\u611a\u7d93, \u5377\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c, \u6ce2\u5a46\u96e2\u54c1. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u6ce2\u5a46\u68a8\u81ea\u7aed\u6240\u6709, \u5408\u96c6\u8ca1\u8cc4, \u70ba\u8a2d\u5927\u6703, \u8acb\u5a46\u7f85\u9580, \u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u96c6, \u4f9b\u8fa6\u991a\u994d\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7518\u7f8e. \u8a2d\u6703\u5df2\u8a16, \u5927\u65bd\u5660\u56ab, \u4e00\u4eba\u5404\u5f97\u4e94\u767e\u91d1\u9322.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xxxii]<\/a>Suttanip\u0101tap\u0101\u1e37i. P\u0101r\u0101yanavaggo .Vatthug\u0101th\u0101. Xem t\u1ea1i: http:\/\/www.tipitaka.org\/romn\/<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[xxxiii]<\/a> \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 54 \u518a No. 2128 \u4e00\u5207\u7d93\u97f3\u7fa9, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e94<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[xxxiv]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 54 \u518a No. 2127 \u91cb\u6c0f\u8981\u89bd, \u5377\u4e0a. \u00a0Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u68b5\u8a9e\u9054\u56ab\u62cf. \u6b64\u4e91\u8ca1\u65bd. \u4eca\u7565\u9054\u62cf. \u4f46\u4e91\u56ab. \u4e94\u5206\u5f8b\u4e91. \u98df\u5f8c\u65bd\u8863\u7269\u540d\u9054\u56ab.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[xxxv]<\/a> Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ra, theo nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span>: T\u00f4n-b\u00e0-tu-m\u1eadt B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t s\u1edf t\u1eadp lu\u1eadn<\/i> (\u5c0a\u5a46\u9808\u871c\u83e9\u85a9\u6240\u96c6\u8ad6), quy\u1ec3n 2, th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1t-s\u1ea5n (\u9054\u56ab) \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y mang ngh\u0129a ph\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span><\/span> thi\u1ec7n (Pu\u1e47ya: \u092a\u0941\u0923\u094d\u092f). Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u65bd\u6cd5\u679c\u5831\u662f\u9054\u56ab\u6cd5.\u6545\u66f0\u8aaa\u6a80\u56ab\u6cd5. \u0110\u1ea1t-s\u1ea5n (\u9054\u56ab) mang ngh\u0129a c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span><\/span> trong kinh T\u1ea1p-A-h\u00e0m, quy\u1ec3n 37, kinh s\u1ed1 1041.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xxxvi]<\/a> \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 54 \u518a No. 2131 \u7ffb\u8b6f\u540d\u7fa9\u96c6, \u56db. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u9054\u56ab. \u5c0a\u5a46\u9808\u5bc6\u8ad6. \u4f5c\u6a80\u56ab. \u6b64\u4e91\u8ca1\u65bd. \u89e3\u8a00. \u5831\u65bd\u4e4b\u6cd5. \u540d\u66f0\u9054\u56ab<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xxxvii]<\/a> \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 02 \u518a No. 0143 \u7389\u8036\u7d93<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xxxviii]<\/a> \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 02 \u518a No. 0125 \u589e\u58f9\u963f\u542b\u7d93, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e5d, \u56db<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[xxxix]<\/a> \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 02 \u518a No. 0125 \u589e\u58f9\u963f\u542b\u7d93, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94,\u4e8c.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xl]<\/a> \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 22 \u518a No. 1428 \u56db\u5206\u5f8b, \u5377\u7b2c\u56db\u5341[11]\u4e5d. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u6642\u6709\u6bd4\u4e18, \u98df\u5df2\u9ed8\u7136\u800c\u53bb, \u5f7c\u6a80\u8d8a\u4e0d\u77e5\u98df\u597d\u4e0d\u597d? \u98df\u70ba\u8db3\u4e0d\u8db3? \u8af8\u5c45\u58eb\u7686\u8b4f\u5acc: \u8af8\u5916\u9053\u4eba\u7686\u7a31\u6b4e\u5e03\u65bd\u8b9a\u7f8e\u6a80\u8d8a, \u800c\u6c99\u9580\u91cb\u5b50\u98df\u5df2\u9ed8\u7136\u800c\u53bb, \u4ee4\u6211\u7b49\u4e0d\u77e5\u98df\u597d\u4e0d\u597d? \u8db3\u4e0d\u8db3? \u8af8\u6bd4\u4e18\u767d\u4f5b, \u4f5b\u8a00: \u4e0d\u61c9\u98df\u5df2\u9ed8\u7136\u800c\u53bb, \u61c9\u70ba\u6a80\u8d8a\u8aaa\u9054\u56ab, \u4e43\u81f3\u70ba\u8aaa\u4e00\u5048.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[xli]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 04 \u518a No. 0202 \u8ce2\u611a\u7d93, \u5377\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c, \u6ce2\u5a46\u96e2\u54c1.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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