{"id":7933,"date":"2020-12-07T00:10:14","date_gmt":"2020-12-06T17:10:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/07\/vai-nhan-xet-ve-van-de-dich-lai-tam-kinh-cua-thay-nhat-hanh\/"},"modified":"2020-12-07T00:10:14","modified_gmt":"2020-12-06T17:10:14","slug":"vai-nhan-xet-ve-van-de-dich-lai-tam-kinh-cua-thay-nhat-hanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/07\/vai-nhan-xet-ve-van-de-dich-lai-tam-kinh-cua-thay-nhat-hanh\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e0i Nh\u1eadn X\u00e9t V\u1ec1 V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 D\u1ecbch L\u1ea1i T\u00e2m Kinh C\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh"},"content":{"rendered":"

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<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00c0I NH\u1eacN X\u00c9T<\/span> V\u1ec0 <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0<\/span> D\u1ecaCH L\u1ea0I T\u00c2M KINH<\/span> <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ee6A TH\u1ea6Y NH\u1ea4T H\u1ea0NH<\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00ca T\u1ef0 H\u1ef6<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span> Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> tuy theo \u00fd th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y trong L\u00e0ng Mai khi th\u1ea7y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u201cc\u00e1c con\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn<\/span> r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c dich l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y l\u00ean s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u00ec t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m m\u00e0 v\u1ed9i khen, ch\u00ea m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebfu c\u01a1 s\u1edf, m\u00e0 n\u00ean g\u00f3p \u00fd tr\u00ean hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>: L\u00ed do th\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span> c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u0169 hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e2ng theo<\/span> l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span> trong kinh K\u0101l\u0101ma: ch\u1edb v\u1ed9i tin l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai\u2026 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i suy nghi\u1ec7m, so s\u00e1nh\u2026, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span> r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng. V\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra, th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y, t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh th\u1ea7y khi th\u1ea7y d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span>. Trong tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span> \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span> th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span>, t\u00f4i xin n\u00eau ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 suy ngh\u0129<\/span> nh\u01b0 sau.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

I. L\u00ed do th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> n\u00eau ra \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

1. L\u00ed do ch\u00ednh<\/b>: T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> do m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> n\u00f3i ra, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 (n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3) thi\u1ebfu kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o trong khi bi\u00ean t\u1eadp<\/span> khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf<\/span> hi\u1ec3u sai h\u01a1n 2000 n\u0103m nay [1].\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y cho l\u00e0 v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 \u1ea5y bi\u00ean t\u1eadp<\/span> thi\u1ebfu kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o.\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> Jayarava m\u1edbi cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span> b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n m\u00e0 d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i [2]. \u00d4ng Jayarava cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u00f3 n\u00eau ra v\u00e0i t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00a0kh\u00e1c v\u1eefng tin \u1edf th\u1ea7y, ch\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t<\/span> th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0o c\u1ea3! Jayarava d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> l\u00e0 trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cGi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y xong, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u00e1ch n\u1ea1n\u201d (B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n); \u201cand with this realisation he overcame all Ill\u00adbeing\u201d (B\u1ea3n Anh v\u0103n). Theo Jayarava c\u00e2u \u201cB\u1ed3 t\u00e1t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u00e1ch n\u1ea1n\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e2u ch\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm trong 6 b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> th\u00ec th\u1ea5y 4 b\u1ea3n: C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp<\/span> (Taish\u014d 250), Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span> (Taish\u014d 251), L\u1ee3i Ng\u00f4n<\/span> (Taish\u014d 253) v\u00e0 Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7<\/span> Lu\u00e2n (Taish\u014d 254) c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u201c\u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cv\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch\u201d, c\u00f2n 2 b\u1ea3n: Ph\u00e1p Nguy\u1ec7t<\/span> (Taish\u014d 252) v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p Th\u00e0nh<\/span> (Taish\u014d 255) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span> m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

(1) Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t\u00a0tr\u00ean l\u00e1 b\u1ed1i<\/span> t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/span> m\u00e0 F. Max M\u00fcller v\u00e0 Bunyiu Nanjio s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 cho xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i Oxford n\u0103m 1884. [3]<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) B\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n do P.L. Vaidya cho in. [4]<\/span><\/p>\n

(3) B\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n trong c\u1ee7a Edward Conze. [5]<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u Ph\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u201c\u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch\u201d c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y? Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i T\u00e2y v\u1ef1c<\/span>, ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> \u1edf ch\u00f9a Kh\u00f4ng Hu\u1ec7, t\u1ea1i \u00a0\u00cdch Ch\u00e2u d\u1ea1y cho b\u00e0i T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span>, nh\u1edd t\u1ee5ng b\u00e0i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch<\/span>, ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i<\/span> trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh<\/span> gian nan<\/span> [6] cho n\u00ean khi d\u1ecbch T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u201c\u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u00e1i \u201cd\u1ee5ng\u201d c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m Kinh?<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span> l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span> h\u01a1n 200 n\u0103m, Ng\u00e0i C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp<\/span> \u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea1n ra H\u00e1n v\u0103n (Taish\u014d 250), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u201cv\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch\u201d. Cho n\u00ean r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n T\u00e2m<\/span> Kinh m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb s\u01b0 d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Kh\u00f4ng Hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u201cv\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch\u201d n\u00ean v\u1ec1 sau Ng\u00e0i d\u1ecbch, Ng\u00e0i th\u00eam v\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra: Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0a t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> qua Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span> Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch ra ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1edf v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> 74 b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span>, d\u1ecbch ra ch\u1eef H\u00e1n th\u00e0nh 1335 t\u1eadp, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Mah\u0101praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101 (\u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt \u0110a<\/span>) g\u1ed3m 600 t\u1eadp; Mah\u0101vibh\u0101\u1e63\u0101 (\u0110\u1ea1i T\u00ec B\u00e0 Sa<\/span>) g\u1ed3m 200 t\u1eadp; v\u00e0 Yog\u0101c\u0101rabh\u016bmi (Du Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0<\/span> \u0110\u1ecba) g\u1ed3m 100 t\u1eadp. v.v\u2026 Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch th\u00ec c\u00f2n m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c Ph\u1ea1n th\u00ec h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u00fd<\/span> \u201cth\u1ee7 ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n\u201d trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n \u2018\u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e1n\u201d? Cho r\u1eb1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t thi\u00ean<\/span> h\u1ea1, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c xung quanh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u201cman di\u201d m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u<\/span> nhi\u1ec1u khi ph\u1ea3i \u0111i h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta. Ngay nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng vi\u1ebft kinh Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span> xem th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ed3 ng\u1eef\u201d l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u201cr\u1ee3 H\u1ed3\u201d. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec m\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c nh\u1eefng Kinh, Lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y ngay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span> m\u1edbi kh\u1ed5! C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span> th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Jayarava c\u0169ng do m\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> m\u00e0 ra!<\/span><\/p>\n

2. C\u00e1c d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u sai do T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> g\u00e2y ra<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a ra 2 th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>. Trong th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> 1, ch\u00fa ti\u1ec3u<\/span> tin T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u0169i\u201d. V\u1ecb th\u1ea7y b\u00e8n l\u1ea5y tay v\u1eb7n m\u1ea1nh m\u0169i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fa \u0111au k\u00eau la<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span> \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u0169i\u201d l\u00e0 sai. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span>: B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n do thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0i t\u1eeb, g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m<\/span>. C\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? Theo logic, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa ti\u1ec3u<\/span> hi\u1ec3u sai ch\u1eef \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d trong T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> l\u00e0 sai. Ngay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y \u201ck\u00e9o m\u0169i ch\u00fa ti\u1ec3u<\/span> cho ch\u00fa \u0111au\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span> \u201cc\u00f3 m\u0169i\u201d c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang ch\u1eef \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d trong T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span>. B\u1edfi v\u00ec sao? Trong T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span>, c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c ng\u1eef \u1edf t\u1ea7m r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span> (li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a<\/span>, ultimate, Ph\u1ea1n: param\u0101rtha, nit\u0101rtha) trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. Trong khi ch\u00fa ti\u1ec3u<\/span> d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d \u1edf t\u1ea7m qui \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng (kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a<\/span>, conventional, concealing, Ph\u1ea1n: sa\u1e43v\u1e5bti, ney\u0101rtha). V\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9o m\u0169i c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y c\u0169ng \u1edf t\u1ea7m qui \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> 2: C\u00e2u \u201cCh\u01b0 B\u1ee5t\u00a0ba \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi b\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t<\/i>\u201d trong b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span> c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ec7 Trung Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u0129<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ba \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> b\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang\u201d m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u201cch\u00e2n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span>, v\u00ec d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 sai ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span> di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span>, cho n\u00ean ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ba \u0111\u1eddi<\/span> ph\u1ea3i m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1ea1m ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n l\u00ed<\/span>. C\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span> \u201cKh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafc, s\u1eafc ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng<\/i>\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u1edf t\u1ea7m qui \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u201c\u0111\u1ea5m m\u1ea1nh\u201d v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> khi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> \u201cb\u1eb7t \u0111i\u201d c\u00e1i b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> v\u00e0o \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d c\u0169ng \u1edf t\u1ea7m qui \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> th\u1ebf gian<\/span> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span> kia, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a Tu\u1ec7 Trung Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u0129<\/span> n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> \u1edf t\u1ea7m li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span>, th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0a ra 2 th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span> theo qui n\u1ea1p l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> l\u00e0 sai, nh\u01b0ng theo \u00fd ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c<\/span>. Vi\u1ec7c \u201csai\u201d hay \u201ckh\u00f4ng sai\u201d c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i<\/span> r\u00f5 h\u01a1n \u1edf ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

II. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span> c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u0169 hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>: th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span>. Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m n\u00eau ra hai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u201ct\u1ed1t h\u01a1n\u201d: ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh<\/span> \u0111\u00fang n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 tinh g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n v\u1edbi v\u0103n phong thu\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhu\u1ea7n nhuy\u1ec5n h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. V\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung<\/b>: Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span> [7] l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/span>, Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean<\/span> – \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0n<\/span> v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span> ta, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n [3, 4, 5] \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh<\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

a. C\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/b> Trong b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span>: \u201cQu\u00e1n-T\u1ef1-T\u1ea1i B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t h\u00e0nh th\u00e2m\u00a0B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eddi,\u00a0chi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn<\/span> ng\u0169-u\u1ea9n\u00a0giai kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch<\/span>.<\/i> \u201d [7]<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n \u201c \u0101ry\u0101valokite\u015bvaro bodhisattvo gambh\u012br\u0101y\u0101\u1e43 praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101y\u0101\u1e43 cary\u0101\u1e43 caram\u0101\u1e47o vyavalokayati sma: pa\u00f1ca-skadhast\u0101\u1e43\u015bca svabh\u0101va-\u015b\u016bny\u0101n pa\u015byati sma [Edward Conze th\u00ec thay \u201cgambh\u012br\u0101y\u0101\u1e43 praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101y\u0101\u1e43 cary\u0101\u1e43\u201d b\u1edfi t\u1eeb k\u00e9p, n\u00ean th\u00e0nh: \u201cgambh\u012br\u0101\u1e43 praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101-cary\u0101\u1e43\u201d] [ 5.]<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cB\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Avalokite\u015bvara, trong khi\u00a0qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi\u00a0tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0qua b\u1edd<\/i>, b\u1ed7ng\u00a0kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0ra r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng.\u00a0Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y xong, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u00e1ch n\u1ea1n\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAvalokiteshvara while practicing deeply with the Insight that Brings Us to the Other Shore, suddenly discovered that all of the five Skandhas are equally empty, and with this realisation he overcame all Ill\u00adbeing\u201d [1]<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e2u d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span>, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/b>: Trong c\u00e2u H\u00e1n v\u0103n, c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea1n \u201cpraj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101\u201d m\u00e0 phi\u00ean \u00e2m th\u00e0nh \u201cB\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt<\/span> \u0110a\u201d. V\u00ec sao?, b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u201cpraj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101\u201d m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u, n\u00ean c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u00e0o ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n \u00a0trong ch\u1eef H\u00e1n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u201cpraj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101\u201d cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i phi\u00ean \u00e2m. Th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch \u201cpraj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101<\/b>\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201cTu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> qua b\u1edd<\/b>\u201d. Theo t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c\u201d b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u201cpraj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb k\u00e9p lo\u1ea1i \u201cm\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d (tatpuru\u1e63a) c\u1ee7a hai t\u1eeb \u201cpraj\u00f1\u0101\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cp\u0101ramit\u0101\u201d, cho n\u00ean trong t\u1eeb k\u00e9p n\u00e0y th\u00ec t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 2: \u201cp\u0101ramit\u0101\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u201cs\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, \u201cs\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\u201d, \u201cs\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> b\u1edd b\u00ean kia\u201d; c\u00f2n t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 1 : \u201cpraj\u00f1\u0101\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ph\u1ee5<\/span>, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u201ctu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c\u201d. V\u1eady \u201cpraj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i (theo gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 2), c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u201cs\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span> c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c\u201d hay \u201cs\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\u201d hay \u201cs\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho qua b\u1edd c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c\u201d hay \u201cs\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> qua b\u1edd\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p tu<\/b> ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u0129nh<\/b> c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u201ctu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c qua b\u1edd\u201d. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> c\u00e2u ch\u1eef H\u00e1n : \u201ch\u00e0nh th\u00e2m B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3<\/span> Ba La M\u1eadt<\/span> \u0110a\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u201cqu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu l\u00e0m cho tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> qua b\u1edd\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh c\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh c\u00e1i \u201ctu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c qua b\u1edd\u201d. C\u00e2u Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n, n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5: \u201cpraj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101y\u0101\u1e43 cary\u0101\u1e43 caram\u0101\u1e47o\u201d = \u201cpraj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101y\u0101\u1e43 cary\u0101\u1e43 caram\u0101\u1e47a\u1e25\u201d = \u201c\u0111ang th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span> trong ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span> tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c\u201d hay \u201c\u0111ang th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m cho tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> qua b\u1edd\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai: <\/b>Trong b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n c\u00f3 3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb: (i) caram\u0101\u1e47a\u1e25 = \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span> (Ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch (Nominative) s\u1ed1 \u00edt gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span> ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb caram\u0101\u1e47a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb car (I carati) l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>); (ii) vyavalokayati l\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t<\/span> k\u1ef9 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng, soi x\u00e9t<\/span>; (iii) pa\u015byati l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y. Trong b\u00e0n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch, ngo\u00e0i 3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span>: \u201ch\u00e0nh\u201d, \u201cchi\u1ebfu\u201d, \u201cki\u1ebfn\u201d c\u00f2n th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 4 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ed9\u201d (v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>). Trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span>, th\u1ea7y b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u201ch\u00e0nh\u201d<\/b> m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u201cqu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu\u201d, \u201ckh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra\u201d, th\u1ea7y th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u201c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9\u201d, v\u00e0 gi\u1eef y \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 4 trong b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch \u201cv\u01b0\u1ee3t qua\u201d. Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span> \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u201ch\u00e0nh\u201d (\u0111ang h\u00e0nh = caram\u0101\u1e47a) \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201c\u0111ang tu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng\u201d c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb B\u1ed1 t\u00e1t<\/span> \u201c\u0111ang th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p<\/span> tu l\u00e0m cho tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> qua b\u1edd\u201d tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span> t\u0129nh, l\u00e0 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> kh\u00f4ng tu m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u201ctu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c qua b\u1edd\u201d, (ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y \u201cv\u1edbi tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> qua b\u1edd\u201d). \u0110\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc v\u00ec l\u00e0m cho T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u00e1i qu\u00ed gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> \u201cph\u1ea3i tu m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span><\/b>\u201d, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng tu, ch\u1ec9 nghe k\u1ec3 th\u00ec bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt<\/span> bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch tu theo Ph\u1eadt! H\u01a1n n\u1eefa , v\u1edbi tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> qua b\u1edd c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n th\u00ec bi\u1ebft ngay m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u201cqu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e2u s\u1eafc\u201d m\u1edbi \u201cb\u1ed7ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> ra\u201d. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u201cgi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9\u201d v\u1edbi c\u00e2u \u201cgi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y xong\u201d c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span> kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat g\u00ec m\u1edbi khi m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u201ckh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u201cng\u1ed9\u201d ra r\u1ed3i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba<\/b>: ch\u1eef \u201cth\u00e2m\u201d trong c\u00e2u H\u00e1n v\u0103n \u201ch\u00e0nh th\u00e2m B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3<\/span> Ba La M\u1eadt<\/span> \u0110a\u201d, th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb \u201cs\u00e2u s\u1eafc\u201d ph\u1ee5 ngh\u0129a cho \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u201cqu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu\u201d. Qua b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y: \u201cwhile practicing deeply with the Insight that Brings Us to the Other Shore\u201d th\u1ea9y d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef \u201cth\u00e2m\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201cdeeply\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t adverb (tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb) ph\u1ee5 ngh\u0129a cho t\u1eeb \u201cpracticing\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y so v\u1edbi c\u00e2u H\u00e1n \u201ch\u00e0nh th\u00e2m B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3<\/span> Ba La M\u1eadt<\/span> \u0110a\u201d c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u201ckh\u1edbp\u201d v\u00ec \u201cth\u00e2m\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00ednh t\u1eeb\u201d b\u1ed5 ngh\u0129a cho danh t\u1eeb \u201cB\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt<\/span> \u0110a\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u201cph\u00e1p tu l\u00e0m cho tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> qua b\u1edd l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tu th\u00e2m s\u00e2u\u201d. N\u1ebfu tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb th\u00ec c\u00e2u H\u00e1n v\u0103n \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00e2m h\u00e0nh B\u00e1t<\/span> Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt<\/span> \u0110a\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> th\u1eed xem trong c\u00e2u Ph\u1ea1n \u201cgambh\u012br\u0101y\u0101\u1e43 praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101y\u0101\u1e43 cary\u0101\u1e43 caram\u0101\u1e47o\u201d, t\u1eeb gambh\u012br\u0101y\u0101m l\u00e0 V\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u00e1ch (Locative) s\u1ed1 \u00edt gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u201cgambh\u012bra\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u00e2u xa<\/span>, th\u00e2m s\u00e2u<\/span>. N\u00f3 b\u1ed5 ngh\u0129a cho praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101y\u0101m l\u00e0 V\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u00e1ch (Locative) s\u1ed1 \u00edt gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a danh t\u1eeb gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i \u201cpraj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101\u201d. Cho n\u00ean \u201cgambh\u012br\u0101y\u0101\u1e43 praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101y\u0101\u1e43 cary\u0101\u1e43 caram\u0101\u1e47o\u201d\u00a0l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111ang (\/trong khi) th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m cho tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> qua b\u1edd s\u00e2u xa\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong H\u00e1n v\u0103n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n th\u00ec \u201cs\u00e2u xa\u201d l\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb b\u1ed3 ngh\u0129a cho danh t\u1eeb \u201cB\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt<\/span> \u0110a\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb\u201d b\u1ed5 ngh\u0129a cho \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u v\u0103n. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t<\/span>, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t khi Ng\u00e0i \u201cth\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh\u201d m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p tu n\u00e0o th\u00ec d\u00f9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, l\u00fac n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span> nh\u01b0 nhau, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00fac n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u201cs\u00e2u xa\u201d l\u00fac kh\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span> \u201cc\u1ea1n\u201d!<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0:<\/b> C\u00e2u H\u00e1n v\u0103n: \u201cchi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn<\/span> ng\u0169-u\u1ea9n\u00a0giai kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0\u201c<\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh: \u201cqu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu\u00a0s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi\u00a0tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0qua b\u1edd<\/i>, b\u1ed7ng\u00a0kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0ra r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng\u201d. C\u00e2u Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span>: \u201c vyavalokayati\u00a0sma: pa\u00f1ca-skadhast\u0101\u1e43\u015bca svabh\u0101va-\u015b\u016bny\u0101n pa\u015byati sma\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed Th\u1ee7<\/span> [7], H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> Th\u00edch Th\u00e0nh T\u1eeb [8] d\u1ecbch \u201cchi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn<\/span> ng\u0169-u\u1ea9n\u00a0giai kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0<\/i>\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201csoi th\u1ea5y n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng\u201d. Qua c\u00e2u Ph\u1ea1n \u201cvyavalokayati\u00a0 sma: pa\u00f1ca-skadhast\u0101\u1e43\u015bca svabh\u0101va-\u015b\u016bny\u0101n pa\u015byati sma\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u201cNg\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 soi (xem x\u00e9t<\/span> k\u1ef9) n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh\u201d hay \u201cNg\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 soi n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u201d. Trong c\u00e2u n\u00e0y, t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u201c\u015b\u016bnya\u201d\u00a0 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, danh t\u1eeb \u201csvabh\u0101va\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span> ri\u00eang. Cho n\u00ean t\u1eeb \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d trong c\u00e2u H\u00e1n v\u0103n, \u1ee9ng t\u00ednh t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea1n \u201c\u015b\u016bnya\u201d v\u00e0 t\u1eeb Anh \u201cempty\u201d l\u00e0 m\u00f4t \u0111\u1eb7c ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7m li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a<\/span> (ultimate, param\u0101rtha, nit\u0101rtha), v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh\u201d. Qua danh t\u1eeb trong H\u0103n v\u0103n l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, trong Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u201c\u015b\u016bnyat\u0101\u201d, Anh l\u00e0 \u201cemptiness\u201d v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i h\u1ea3m l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh\u201d. \u201c\u015b\u016bnyat\u0101\u201d = \u201cs\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i N\u0101g\u0101rjuna (Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> ) tri\u1ec3n khai<\/span> trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> Madhyamaka\u015b\u0101stra (Trung Qu\u00e1n Lu\u1eadn<\/span>) m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span>: \u201c\u015b\u016bnyat\u0101\u201d = \u201cs\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh\u201d t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u201cprat\u012byasamutp\u0101da\u201d = \u201ct\u00ednh duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3. V\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u201cs\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3\u201d, cho n\u00ean thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d trong c\u00e2u H\u00e1n v\u0103n, \u201c\u015b\u016bnya\u201d trong c\u00e2u Ph\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, hay kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3. V\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh \u201ctr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span>. V\u00ec t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u201ctr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u201cb\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3\u201d, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c ng\u1eef H\u00e1n \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d hay Ph\u1ea1n \u201c\u015b\u016bnya\u201d trong v\u0103n c\u1ea3nh di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> \u1edf t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a<\/span> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

b. C\u00e2u m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> cho l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb n\u00ean th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u201cc\u00f3 c\u00f3\u201d, \u201cc\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng\u201d<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u H\u00e1n v\u0103n: \u201c<\/b>X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i-T\u1eed! th\u1ecb\u00a0ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng,\u00a0b\u1ea5t sinh<\/span>,\u00a0b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t<\/span>, b\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u,\u00a0b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, b\u1ea5t t\u0103ng , b\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m<\/i>\u201d. C\u00e2u Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span>: \u201ciha \u015b\u0101riputra sarva-dharm\u0101\u1e25 \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101lak\u1e63a\u1e47\u0101 anutpann\u0101 aniruddh\u0101 amal\u0101 avimal\u0101 an\u016bn\u0101 aparip\u016b\u1e47\u0101\u1e25 [P.L Vidya \u00a0thay \u201cavimal\u0101\u201d b\u1edfi \u201cna vimal\u0101\u201d v\u00e0\u00a0 \u201can\u016bn\u0101 aparip\u016b\u1e47\u0101\u1e25\u201d b\u1edfi \u201cnon\u0101 na parip\u016b\u1e47\u0101\u1e25\u201d [4]].<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea5y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh: \u201cN\u00e0y \u015a\u0101riputra, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0mang theo<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 sinh, c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 c\u00f3<\/b>, c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng<\/b>, c\u00f3 d\u01a1, c\u00f3 s\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 th\u00eam v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1edbt\u201d. C\u00e2u ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y: \u201cListen Sariputra, all phenomena bear the mark of Emptiness\u037e their true nature is the nature of no Birth no Death, no Being no Non \u00adbeing<\/b>, no Defilement no Immaculacy, no Increasing no Decreasing\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e2u n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span> \u201ckh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d (H\u00e1n v\u0103n\u201d, d\u1ecbch qua Vi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u201ct\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng\u201d. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span> \u201ckh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng\u201d th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i g\u00ec. C\u1ea7n xem c\u00e2u Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n: sarva-dharm\u0101\u1e25 \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101lak\u1e63a\u1e47\u0101 anutpann\u0101 aniruddh\u0101 amal\u0101 avimal\u0101 an\u016bn\u0101 aparip\u016b\u1e47\u0101\u1e25\u201d = \u201csarva-dharm\u0101\u1e25 \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101-lak\u1e63a\u1e47\u0101\u1e25 anutpann\u0101\u1e25 aniruddh\u0101\u1e25 amal\u0101\u1e25 avimal\u0101\u1e25 an\u016bn\u0101\u1e25 aparip\u016b\u1e47\u0101\u1e25\u201d. Trong c\u00e2u n\u00e0y, \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101-lak\u1e63a\u1e47\u0101\u1e25 l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch (Nominative) s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101-lak\u1e63a\u1e47a, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb k\u00e9p bahuvr\u012bhi (t\u1eeb k\u00e9p ngo\u00e0i), \u201c\u015b\u016bnyat\u0101-lak\u1e63a\u1e47a\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u201cc\u00f3\/(v\u1edbi\/ m\u00e0) \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh\u201d, n\u00f3i g\u1ecdn \u201cc\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh\u201d hay \u201c\u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh\u201d hay \u201cc\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3) (having the character of emptiness, marked by (\/with) emptiness, characterized by emptiness). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> c\u1ee7a \u201cc\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng\u201d. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201cc\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ngh\u0129a \u201cc\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng\u201d, t\u1ee9c \u201cc\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh\u201d, \u201cc\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3\u201d ; v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 : \u201ct\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng\u201d l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh\u201d hay \u201c\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> t\u1ef1 c\u00f3\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e2u Ph\u1ea1n: \u201ciha \u015b\u0101riputra sarva-dharm\u0101\u1e25 \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101lak\u1e63a\u1e47\u0101 anutpann\u0101 aniruddh\u0101 amal\u0101 avimal\u0101 an\u016bn\u0101 aparip\u016b\u1e47\u0101\u1e25\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e0y X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 sinh, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 d\u01a1, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee7\u201d. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, theo t\u00f4i ch\u1eef \u201ckh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1\u201d l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 c\u1ee7a duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u do duy\u00ean h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u201ckh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1\u201d th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a.<\/span><\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi c\u00e2u d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e0y \u015a\u0101riputra, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0mang theo<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 sinh, c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 c\u00f3, c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 d\u01a1, c\u00f3 s\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 th\u00eam v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1edbt\u201d, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y n\u1ed5i l\u00ean 2 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

(1) ph\u1ea7n c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y:<\/span><\/p>\n

(*)\u00a0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng<\/b>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o<\/b> th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3<\/b> sinh, c\u00f3<\/b> di\u1ec7t, c\u00f3<\/b> c\u00f3, c\u00f3<\/b> kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3<\/b> d\u01a1, c\u00f3<\/b> s\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3<\/b> th\u00eam v\u00e0 c\u00f3<\/b> b\u1edbt\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

(**)\u00a0 \u201cm\u1ecdi<\/b> hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng<\/b> sinh, kh\u00f4ng<\/b> di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng<\/b> c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng<\/b> kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng<\/b> d\u01a1, kh\u00f4ng<\/b> s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng<\/b> th\u00eam, kh\u00f4ng<\/b> b\u1edbt\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e2u (**) v\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u201cA kh\u00f4ng B\u201d l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u00e1t v\u1edbi c\u00e2u Ph\u1ea1n h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng c\u00e2u (*) v\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u201ckh\u00f4ng A c\u00f3 B\u201d, t\u1ee9c d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh (c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh) l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span> v\u00e0 xa v\u1edbi c\u00e2u Ph\u1ea1n?<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span> bi\u1ebft trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> c\u00f3 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u201capoha\u201d (Ph\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd<\/span> thuy\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9<\/span> P: v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp P \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho n\u00ean d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/span> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i (kh\u00f4ng (kh\u00f4ng P). Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/span> ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201ccon b\u00f2\u201d, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201ccon b\u00f2\u201d, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi n\u00f3i \u201ccon b\u00f2\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i sau khi \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201ccon b\u00f2\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00ec trong c\u00e2u (**) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d cho t\u1eebng c\u1eb7p kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch nhau (sinh, di\u1ec7t), (d\u01a1, s\u1ea1ch), (th\u00eam, b\u1edbt), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e2u ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u201capoha\u201d r\u1ed3i.<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) Trong c\u00e2u Ph\u1ea1n c\u00f3 3 c\u1eb7p (sinh, di\u1ec7t), (d\u01a1, s\u1ea1ch), (thi\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1ee7). Th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p (c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng). Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u1edbi trong n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00f4ng?\u00a0 H\u00e3y xem l\u1ea1i<\/span> c\u00e2u d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e0y \u015a\u0101riputra, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0mang theo<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 sinh, c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 c\u00f3, c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 d\u01a1, c\u00f3 s\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 th\u00eam v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1edbt\u201d hay t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cN\u00e0y \u015a\u0101riputra, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0mang theo<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng d\u01a1, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1edbt\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00f4i ngh\u0129\u00a0\u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u201d \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a trong \u201ckh\u00f4ng sinh\u201d; v\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng\u201d \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a trong \u201ckh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t\u201d. C\u1eb7p \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u201d, \u201ckh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng\u201d c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a trong \u201c\u0111\u1ec1u mang theo<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng\u201d theo c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y, b\u1edfi \u201cmang theo t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh\u201d nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh: \u201cN\u00e0y X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 sinh, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 d\u01a1, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee7\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u1eb7p (c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng) c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam \u00fd m\u1edbi g\u00ec, m\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00e0o th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cb\u1ea5t b\u00e1t\u201d c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00eam v\u00e0o 2 c\u00e1i (c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng) n\u1eefa cho \u0111\u1ee7 8 c\u00e1i? Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201ct\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng\u201d t\u1ee9c \u201cduy\u00ean kh\u1edfi\u201d, v\u1ec1 \u201cs\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201cb\u1ea5t b\u00e1t\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

c. C\u00e2u m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t Nh\u1ea5t<\/span> H\u1ea1nh cho l\u00e0 g\u00e2y m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u00ean<\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00e2u H\u00e1n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span>: \u201cTh\u1ecb c\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng trung\u00a0v\u00f4 s\u1eafc<\/span>,\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u1ecd<\/span>, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c. V\u00f4 nh\u00e3n , nh\u0129 , t\u1ef7 thi\u1ec7t , th\u00e2n , \u00fd ;\u00a0v\u00f4 s\u1eafc<\/span>\u00a0,thanh , h\u01b0\u01a1ng , v\u1ecb ,x\u00fac , ph\u00e1p\u2026\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n: \u201ctasm\u0101cch\u0101riputra \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101y\u0101\u1e43 na r\u016bpa\u1e43 na vedan\u0101 na sa\u1e43j\u00f1\u0101 na sa\u1e43sk\u0101r\u0101 na vij\u00f1\u0101na\u1e43 na cak\u1e63u\u1e25-\u015brotra-ghr\u0101\u1e47a-jihv\u0101-k\u0101ya-man\u0101\u1e43si na r\u016bpa-\u015babda-gandharasa-spra\u1e63\u1e6davya-dharm\u0101\u1e25 \u2026\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb quan trong nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span> hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o trong c\u00e2u n\u00e0y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u00fd<\/span> ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y trong T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201c\u015b\u016bnyat\u0101y\u0101m\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cna\u201d. \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101y\u0101m l\u00e0 V\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u00e1ch (Locative) s\u1ed1 \u00edt gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u201c\u015b\u016bnyat\u0101\u201d. M\u00e0\u00a0\u201c\u015b\u016bnyat\u0101\u201d = \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d = \u201cs\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh\u201d = \u201cs\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3\u201d = \u201cs\u1ef1 do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p<\/span> m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh\u201d. Cho n\u00ean \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t v\u1eadt\u201d, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o trong kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u00e1ch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u201cn\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n\u201d v\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span> \u201c\u015b\u016bnyat\u0101\u201d = \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o trong kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> c\u1ea3. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> c\u00e1ch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span> trong kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span> m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng (situation) trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 \u201ckhi, trong khi, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p\u2026\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span> r\u1eb1ng trong \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> Avalokite\u015bvara (Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i<\/span>) \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y \u201cm\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\u201d (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p) \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3, m\u00e0 do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p<\/span> m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh. C\u00f2n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> \u00a0d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch tu l\u00e0m sao cho tr\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn<\/span>, cho th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nghe d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng<\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u201cna\u201d = \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d theo sau<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o\u2026\u201d V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> c\u00e2u Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n tr\u00ean c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cCho n\u00ean, X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t<\/span>,\u00a0 trong khi tu \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span> v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c,\u00a0 m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd, s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p\u2026\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101y\u0101m th\u00e0nh \u201ctrong c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng\u201d (nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span>) hay \u201ctrong t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng\u201d nh\u01b0 qu\u00ed Ng\u00e0i Tr\u00ed Th\u1ee7<\/span> hay Thanh T\u1eeb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e8m theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span> th\u00ec r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m<\/span> l\u00e0\u00a0\u201cc\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng\u201d, \u201ct\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng\u201d chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111ang n\u00f3i t\u1edbi \u201cph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong c\u00e1i ph\u1ea7n trong kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span> \u1ea5y\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, s\u1ebd g\u00e2y m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh \u201ctrong c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng\u201d theo ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng<\/span> gian cho n\u00ean th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> nh\u1eadn ra<\/span> c\u00e1i m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u tr\u00ean khi d\u1ecbch nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef \u201cna\u201d theo sau<\/span> th\u00e0nh \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u201d. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span> \u201ctrong c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng\u201d theo ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng<\/span> gian m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e9 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t ch\u1eef \u201cna<\/b>\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/b>\u201d b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u00fd \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/b>\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t\u201d <\/b>trong c\u00e2u d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> m\u00e0 trong c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng<\/b>, n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span> l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i<\/span>, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>, tri gi\u00e1c<\/span>, t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh<\/span> v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7<\/b>t. M\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> l\u00e0 s\u00e1u c\u0103n, s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n<\/span> v\u00e0 s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/b>; m\u01b0\u1eddi hai khoen nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span> c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, t\u1eadp, di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/b>; tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qua ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThat is why in Emptiness<\/b>, Body, Feelings, Perceptions, Mental Formations and Consciousness are not separate self entities<\/b>. The Eighteen Realms of Phenomena which are the six Sense\u00a0Organs, the six Sense Objects, and the six Consciousnesses are also not separate self entities<\/b>. The Twelve Links of Interdependent Arising and their Extinction are also not separate self entities<\/b>. Ill\u00adbeing, the Causes of Ill\u00adbeing, the End of Ill\u00adbeing, the Path, insight and attainment, are also not separate self entities.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch ra c\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span>, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ngh\u0129 \u201cc\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng\u201d chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span>, c\u00f2n chuy\u1ec3n \u201cl\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch tu<\/b>\u201d c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span> th\u00e0nh c\u00e2u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span><\/b> v\u1edbi \u00fd \u201cm\u1ecdi c\u00e1i t\u1eeb s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u2026, \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span> gi\u1edbi\u201d \u201c\u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/b>\u201d. M\u00e0 \u00fd n\u00e0y th\u00ec B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean r\u1ed3i!, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau ra. T\u00e2m kinh<\/span> v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span> s\u00fac t\u00edch<\/span> th\u00ec \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eafp \u00fd v\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. V\u1ec1 v\u0103n phong:\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u00e0i kinh<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn ra<\/span>, tr\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn<\/span>, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span> t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p<\/span>, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> b\u1edd. V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span> c\u1ea7n s\u00fac t\u00edch<\/span>, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 thu\u1ed9c, d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb. Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span> d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh 260 ch\u1eef, c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i Tr\u00ed Th\u1ee7<\/span>, Thanh T\u1eeb d\u1ecbch r\u1ea5t s\u00fac t\u00edch<\/span>, ng\u1eafn gon th\u00e0nh kho\u1ea3ng 283 ch\u1eef. Th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh d\u00e0i h\u01a1n g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 363 ch\u1eef do th\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi, tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ed7 l\u1eb7p \u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u1ed1 \u00fd<\/span> Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb B\u1ee5t thay cho Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng so ra trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y th\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 3 th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef: ch\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t, ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n (v\u1edbi hai t\u1eeb Avalokite\u015bvara v\u00e0 \u015a\u0101riputra), ch\u1eef H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y kh\u00e1c c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span> th\u1ea7y d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u1ebf\u201d trong \u201cb\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebf\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span>: <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Theo nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i<\/span><\/p>\n

(1) Th\u1ea7y Nh\u1eadt H\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea1n \u201cpraj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201ctu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c qua b\u1edd\u201d m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i<\/span> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span> b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u201cpraj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cph\u00e1p tu l\u00e0m cho tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> qua b\u1edd\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201ctu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c qua b\u1edd\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua<\/b> ch\u1eef \u201ch\u00e0nh\u201d (caram\u0101\u1e47a) <\/b>trong T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span>, <\/b>khi\u1ebfn l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u201cph\u1ea3i tu\u201d <\/b>ph\u00e1p\u00a0 \u201cl\u00e0m tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span> v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span> b\u1edd \u201d <\/b>c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/span> <\/b>m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/b> \u201cn\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng\u201d tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span> \u201ckh\u00f4ng tu\u201d m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u201ctu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c qua b\u1edd\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

(3) Th\u1ea7y cho r\u1eb1ng T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> c\u0169 thi\u1ebfu c\u1eb7p (c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng)<\/b> n\u00ean th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i<\/span> l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu<\/b>\u201d th\u00eam v\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201cd\u01b0<\/b>\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

(4) Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u \u201ckh\u00f4ng<\/b>\u201d, \u201cc\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng<\/b>\u201d, \u201ct\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/b>\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span><\/b>, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea7y cho r\u1eb1ng<\/b> T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> c\u0169 ch\u1ee9a m\u00e2u thu\u1ea7n<\/b>. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i<\/span> l\u00e0 T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n.<\/span><\/p>\n

(5) V\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> c\u0169 ch\u1ee9a m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1i m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n \u1ea5y, th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd<\/span> c\u00e2u v\u0103n trong T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> c\u0169, khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n trong T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

(6) B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb, tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u1ed7 l\u1eb7p \u00fd n\u00ean d\u00e0i h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u0169.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 25\/11\/2017
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00ea T\u1ef1 H\u1ef7<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> tham kh\u1ea3o<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. HT. Th\u00edch\u00a0Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ecbch, <\/b>B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> M\u1edbi B\u1eb1ng V\u0103n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng H\u00e0ng<\/span><\/i>, \u00a0<\/b>https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a21491\/tam-kinh-tue-giac-qua-bo<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Ayarava , http:\/\/jayarava.blogspot.co.uk\/p\/about-jayaravas-raves.html<\/a>; ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0Th\u00edch\u00a0Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span> \u0111\u00e3\u00a0bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>\u00a0T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> (Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch b\u1edfi Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u00ean, https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a28848\/jayarava-phe-binh-thich-nhat-hanh-da-bien-doi-tam-kinh<\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\n

3. F. Max M\u00fcller & Bunyiu Nanjio, The Ancient Palm-Leaves: Containing The Pragna-Paramita-Hridya-Sutra And The Ushnisha- Vigaya-Dharani<\/i>, pp. 17-22; 27-30; 48-59.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. P.L Vaidya, Mah\u0101y\u0101na-s\u016btra-sa\u1e45graha I<\/i>, The Mithila Institute, Darbhanga, 1961,\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>, n\u0103m 1961<\/span>
5. Edward Conze, Thirty Years of Buddhist Studies,<\/i> Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi, 2000 pp. 148-167.<\/span><\/p>\n

6. Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9, D\u1eabn v\u00e0o T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3<\/span><\/i>, https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a23445\/dan-vao-tam-kinh-bat-nha<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

7. T\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 Tr\u00ed Th\u1ee7<\/span>, T\u00e2m Kinh<\/span> B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt \u0110a<\/span><\/i>, http:\/\/tuvienquangduc.com.au\/kinhdien\/kinhbatnha.html<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

8. H.T. Th\u00edch Thanh T\u1eeb, Nghi Th\u1ee9c<\/span> S\u00e1m H\u1ed1i<\/span> S\u00e1u C\u0103n & Tam qui<\/span> Ng\u0169 Gi\u1edb<\/i>i, Thi\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7n<\/span> Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m<\/span>, 1999<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam:<\/span>
T\u00e2m Kinh Tu\u1ec7 Gi\u00e1c Qua B\u1edd<\/a>\u00a0(Th\u00edch\u00a0Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/span>)<\/span>
T\u00e2m kinh Tu\u1ec7 Gi\u00e1c Qua B\u1edd<\/a>\u00a0(B\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c L\u00e0ng Mai)<\/span>
C\u00f3 N\u00ean D\u1ecbch L\u1ea1i T\u00e2m Kinh Hay Kh\u00f4ng<\/a>\u00a0(Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ti\u1ebfn)
<\/a>B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3-ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a t\u00e2m kinh<\/b><\/a>\u00a0(Qu\u1ea3ng Minh d\u1ecbch)\u00a0
<\/b>B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt \u0110a T\u00e2m Kinh\u00a0<\/b><\/a>(nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3)
<\/b>D\u1eabn V\u00e0o T\u00e2m Kinh B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3<\/b><\/a>\u00a0(Th\u00edch Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9)
<\/b>B\u1ea3n Lai V\u00f4 Nh\u1ea5t V\u1eadt<\/b><\/a>\u2026(Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c)
<\/b>Suy Ngh\u0129 T\u1eeb B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m Kinh<\/b><\/a>\u00a0(Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c)
<\/b>Jayarava ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh Th\u00edch Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i T\u00e2m Kinh<\/b><\/a><\/span>
V\u00e0i suy ngh\u0129 khi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i \u201cJayarava ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh Th\u00edch Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i T\u00e2m Kinh\u201d<\/a>\u00a0(Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ti\u1ebfn)<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt \u0110a T\u00e2m Kinh L\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i (Th\u00edch Duy L\u1ef1c)<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ngu\u1ed3n : Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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