{"id":8138,"date":"2020-12-09T08:59:22","date_gmt":"2020-12-09T01:59:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/09\/dat-phat-phu-nam\/"},"modified":"2020-12-09T08:59:22","modified_gmt":"2020-12-09T01:59:22","slug":"dat-phat-phu-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/09\/dat-phat-phu-nam\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00f9 Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0110\u1ea4T PH\u1eacT PH\u00d9 NAM<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

TS. Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00fay Loan<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ph\u00f9 Nam l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span> v\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n h\u00f2a<\/span> b\u00ean d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long<\/span>, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span> c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f9 Nam kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 xo\u00e1 m\u1edd trong tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span> khi ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span> n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc chung quanh v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n d\u00e0nh trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ai, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u00ec? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u01a1i l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00f9 Nam.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ea5t Ph\u00f9 Nam (Funan) bao tr\u00f9m c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>, C\u0103m B\u1ed1t (Cambodia), M\u00e3 Lai (Malaysia) v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan (Thailand). Ph\u00f9 Nam hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span> kho\u1ea3ng 6 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 6. Sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n t\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 suy s\u1ee5p<\/span> c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh<\/span> m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0y qua ng\u00e0y, Ph\u00f9 Nam \u0111\u00e3 chia ra th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c. Ph\u00f9 Nam mang nhi\u1ec1u n\u00e9t v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> v\u00e0 C\u0103m B\u1ed1t. Theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>, Vua A-D\u1ee5c (Asoka) c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span> th\u1eddi 269\u2013237 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1i 9 ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> \u0111i ra nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span> r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span> v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>. M\u1ed9t trong 9 ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> do 2 v\u1ecb t\u0103ng Sona and Uttara \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Suvarna Bhumi (C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0ng) t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1i Lan (Thailand), L\u00e2m \u1ea4p (Champa), L\u00e0o (Laos) Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n (Myanmar), v\u00e0 Ph\u00f9 Nam (Funan). \u0110o\u1ea1n s\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb vua T\u00edch Lan<\/span> (Sri Lanka). Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft<\/span> th\u00ec hai v\u1ecb n\u00e0y theo t\u00e0u th\u01b0\u01a1ng bu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u00d3c Eo, Ph\u00f9 Nam. Suvarna Bhumi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span>. \u1ede Th\u00e1i Lan th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u00e1p Phra Pathom Chedi (Th\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea7u<\/span> Ti\u00ean) \u1edf Nakkorn Pathom, h\u1ecd cho l\u00e0 hai v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean; v\u00f9ng Thaton \u1edf Burma (Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n) th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Suvarna Bhumi, v\u00e0 2 v\u1ecb tu s\u0129<\/span> Sona v\u00e0 Uttara \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. \u1ede \u00d3c Eo, Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span> th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean n\u00fai Ba Th\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, sau khi 2 v\u1ecb r\u1eddi n\u00fai th\u00ec n\u00fai n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0 Phnom Pathe (Tu s\u0129<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi n\u00fai). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> cho th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi vua A D\u1ee5c<\/span> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng<\/span> th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean<\/span>. Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> tr\u00e3i r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span>, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span> n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3 h\u0103m h\u1edf<\/span> \u0111i Ph\u00f9 Nam \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 6, n\u0103m 2015. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> l\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129<\/span> Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Lancaster, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc<\/span> 60 n\u0103m, l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc<\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 UC Berkeley 33 n\u0103m. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span> v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc<\/span>. \u00d4ng d\u1eabn theo Howie, ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1<\/span> chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Berkeley \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecf h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span> l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span> Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e2m<\/span> th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 2 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> sinh (Magaret v\u00e0 t\u00f4i) v\u1ec1 h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t Ph\u00f9 Nam. Sau khi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> ra Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span> truy\u1ec1n theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cho sinh vi\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span> nh\u1eefng h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc<\/span> V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh<\/span> c\u0169 t\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u<\/span> Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc<\/span> b\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1eddi \u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh<\/span> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span> m\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Khi m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb xong th\u00ec ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> l\u1ea1i d\u1eddi v\u1ec1 th\u00e1ng 9, v\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u1ec9 h\u00e8. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129<\/span> Lancaster \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> cho ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span> \u0111i \u00d3c Eo, \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t<\/span> h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span> \u1edf Ph\u00f9 Nam, thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh An Giang, Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span> hi\u1ec7n nay. H\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span> truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u00d3c Eo, Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span> kho\u1ea3ng 1942 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb\u00a0\u00a0L.Malleret, \u0111\u00e0o x\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch<\/span> l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>. \u0110\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ed m\u1eadt<\/span> ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>, v\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.
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